Littorinimorpha
Encyclopedia
Littorinimorpha is a large clade
of gastropods within Hypsogastropoda
consisting primarily of marine
species, but also aquatic
and terrestrial
species as well.
Previously the Linnaean taxonomy
in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Ponder & Lindberg (1997)
was ranked like this: subclass Orthogastropoda
, superorder Caenogastropoda
, order Sorbeoconcha
, suborder Hypsogastropoda
, infraorder Littorinimorpha.
The clade Littorinimorpha contains many of the gastropod families formerly placed in the order Mesogastropoda, as introduced by J. Thiele
in his work from 1921. Evidence for this group being monophyletic is scanty. E.E.Strong has suggested using only Neogastropoda
as a clade within the clade Hypsogastropoda
and to include the unresolved superfamilies of the Hypsogastropoda within the Littorinimorpha.
(Extinct taxa indicated by a dagger
, †.)
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...
of gastropods within Hypsogastropoda
Hypsogastropoda
According to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda Hypsogastropoda is a clade of parasitic marine gastropods within the clade Caenogastropoda....
consisting primarily of marine
Marine (ocean)
Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...
species, but also aquatic
Aquatic animal
An aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in water for most or all of its life. It may breathe air or extract its oxygen from that dissolved in water through specialised organs called gills, or directly through its skin. Natural environments and the animals that...
and terrestrial
Terrestrial animal
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land , as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water , or amphibians, which rely on a combination of aquatic and terrestrial habitats...
species as well.
Previously the Linnaean taxonomy
Linnaean taxonomy
Linnaean taxonomy can mean either of two related concepts:# the particular form of biological classification set up by Carl Linnaeus, as set forth in his Systema Naturæ and subsequent works...
in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Ponder & Lindberg (1997)
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda, as revised by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997, is an older taxonomy of the class Gastropoda, the class of molluscs consisting of all snails and slugs...
was ranked like this: subclass Orthogastropoda
Orthogastropoda
Orthogastropoda was a major taxonomic groupings of snails and slugs, an extremely large subclass within the huge class Gastropoda according to the older taxonomy of the Gastropoda ....
, superorder Caenogastropoda
Caenogastropoda
Caenogastropoda is a taxonomic clade of a large diverse group of mostly marine gastropods.Caenogastropoda contains a majority of the families of shelled marine molluscs including such families as the periwinkles, cowries, wentletraps, moon snails, and cone snails.About 60% of all living gastropods...
, order Sorbeoconcha
Sorbeoconcha
Sorbeoconcha is a taxonomic clade of snails, i.e. gastropods, mainly marine species with gills and opercula, within the clade Caenogastropoda.The taxon Sorbeoconcha was named by Winston Ponder and David R. Lindberg in 1997.-1997 taxonomy:...
, suborder Hypsogastropoda
Hypsogastropoda
According to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda Hypsogastropoda is a clade of parasitic marine gastropods within the clade Caenogastropoda....
, infraorder Littorinimorpha.
The clade Littorinimorpha contains many of the gastropod families formerly placed in the order Mesogastropoda, as introduced by J. Thiele
Johannes Thiele
Johannes Thiele, full name Karl Hermann Johannes Thiele was a German zoologist specialized in malacology. His Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde is a standard work...
in his work from 1921. Evidence for this group being monophyletic is scanty. E.E.Strong has suggested using only Neogastropoda
Neogastropoda
Neogastropoda is an unranked taxonomic clade of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks. For many years prior to 2005 Neogastropoda was an order.- Description :...
as a clade within the clade Hypsogastropoda
Hypsogastropoda
According to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda Hypsogastropoda is a clade of parasitic marine gastropods within the clade Caenogastropoda....
and to include the unresolved superfamilies of the Hypsogastropoda within the Littorinimorpha.
Superfamilies and families
The superfamilies grouped in this clade include some familiar animals:- Calyptraeoidea LamarckJean-Baptiste LamarckJean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de la Marck , often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist...
, 1809- CalyptraeidaeCalyptraeidaeCalyptraeidae, common name the slipper snails or slipper limpets, cup-and-saucer snails, and Chinese hat snails are a family of small to medium-sized marine prosobranch gastropods...
LamarckJean-Baptiste LamarckJean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de la Marck , often known simply as Lamarck, was a French naturalist...
, 1809, the slipper shells
- Calyptraeidae
- Capuloidea Fleming, 1822
- CapulidaeCapulidaeCapulidae, common name the cap snails or cap shells, are a taxonomic family of limpet-like sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.Capulidae is the only family in the superfamily Capuloidea....
Fleming, 1822, the cap shells (junior synonym Trichotropidae)
- Capulidae
- CingulopsoideaCingulopsoideaThe Cingulopsoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Families:The following three families have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :*Family Cingulopsidae Fretter & Patil, 1958...
Fretter & Patil, 1958- CingulopsidaeCingulopsidaeCingulopsidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Cingulopsidae has no subfamilies.- Genera and species :...
Fretter & Patil, 1958 - EatoniellidaeEatoniellidaeEatoniellidae, commonly known as eatoniellids, are a taxonomic family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cingulopsoidea....
PonderWinston PonderWinston F. Ponder B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D, D.Sc. is a noted malacologist from New Zealand who has named and described many marine animals, especially micromolluscs. He is a graduate of the University of Auckland, New Zealand....
, 1965 - RastodentidaeRastodentidaeRastodentidae is a taxonomic family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Rastodentidae has no subfamilies.-Genera:...
PonderWinston PonderWinston F. Ponder B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D, D.Sc. is a noted malacologist from New Zealand who has named and described many marine animals, especially micromolluscs. He is a graduate of the University of Auckland, New Zealand....
, 1966
- Cingulopsidae
- CypraeoideaCypraeoideaCypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies, is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropods included in the clade Littorinimorpha. This superfamily was previously called Cypraeacea and was named by Rafinesque in 1815.-Shell description:...
Rafinesque, 1815- CypraeidaeCypraeidaeCypraeidae, common name the cowries , is a taxonomic family of small to large sea snails. These are marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.-Shell description:...
Rafinesque, 1815, the cowries - OvulidaeOvulidaeOvulidae, common names the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries, is a family of small to large predatory or parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and cowry allies.-Distribution:...
Fleming, 1822
- Cypraeidae
- Ficoidea Meek, 1864
- FicidaeFicidaeFicidae, common name the fig shells are a family of medium to large marine gastropods. It is the only family in the superfamily Ficoidea.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Ficidae has no subfamilies....
Meek, 1864, the fig shells
- Ficidae
- LittorinoideaLittorinoideaLittorinoidea is a superfamily of both sea snails and land snails which have a gill and an operculum, terrestrial and marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha....
Children, 1834- AciculidaeAciculidaeThe Aciculidae are a family of minute land snails which have opercula. In other words, Aciculidae are terrestrial operculate gastropods....
Gray, 1850 - LittorinidaeLittorinidaeLittorinidae is a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found world-wide.-Names:...
, Children, 1834 the periwinkles - † BohaispiridaeBohaispiridaeBohaispiridae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Bohaispiridae has no subfamilies.- References :*...
Youluo, 1978 - PickworthiidaePickworthiidaePickworthiidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Taxonomy:The following three subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :...
IredaleTom IredaleTom Iredale was an English-born ornithologist and malacologist who had a long association with Australia, where he lived for most of his life. He was an autodidact who never went to university and lacked formal training...
, 1917- Subfamily Pickworthiinae IredaleTom IredaleTom Iredale was an English-born ornithologist and malacologist who had a long association with Australia, where he lived for most of his life. He was an autodidact who never went to university and lacked formal training...
, 1917 - Subfamily Pelycidiinae PonderWinston PonderWinston F. Ponder B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D, D.Sc. is a noted malacologist from New Zealand who has named and described many marine animals, especially micromolluscs. He is a graduate of the University of Auckland, New Zealand....
& Hall, 1983 - Subfamily Sherborniinae IredaleTom IredaleTom Iredale was an English-born ornithologist and malacologist who had a long association with Australia, where he lived for most of his life. He was an autodidact who never went to university and lacked formal training...
, 1917
- Subfamily Pickworthiinae Iredale
- PomatiidaePomatiidaeThe family Pomatiidae is a taxonomic family of small operculate land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks that can be found over the warmer parts of the Old World. In the older literature, this family is designated as Pomatiasidae....
Newton, 1891 (1828)- Subfamily Pomatiinae Newton, 1891
- Subfamily Annulariinae Henderson & Bartsch, 1920
- † PurpurinidaePurpurinidaePurpurinidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Purpurinidae has no subfamilies....
Zittel, 1895 - SkeneopsidaeSkeneopsidaeSkeneopsidae is a family of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Purpurinidae has no subfamilies.- Genera :* Genus Skeneopsis T...
IredaleTom IredaleTom Iredale was an English-born ornithologist and malacologist who had a long association with Australia, where he lived for most of his life. He was an autodidact who never went to university and lacked formal training...
, 1915 - † TripartellidaeTripartellidaeTripartellidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Tripartellidae has no subfamilies.- References :*...
Gründel, 2001 - ZerotulidaeZerotulidaeZerotulidae is a taxonomic family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Zerotulidae has no subfamilies.- Genera :...
Warén & Hain, 1996
- Aciculidae
- Naticoidea Guilding, 1834
- NaticidaeNaticidaeNaticidae, common name the moon snails, is a family of minute to large-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.Naticidae is the only family in the superfamily Naticoidea....
Guilding, 1834, the moon snails
- Naticidae
- PterotracheoideaPterotracheoideaThe Pterotracheoidea is, according to the Taxonomy of the Gastropoda , a taxonomic superfamily of sea snails or sea slugs, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. They are commonly called heteropods or sea elephants.- Taxonomy :This superfamily comprises four families The...
Rafinesque, 1814 - synonym: Heteropoda.- PterotracheidaePterotracheidaePterotracheidae is a family of medium-sized to large floating sea snails, pelagic gastropod molluscs. They are in the superfamily Pterotracheoidea along with two other similar pelagic families, the Atlantidae and the Carinariidae....
Rafinesque, 1814 - AtlantidaeAtlantidaeAtlantidae is a family of sea snails, holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Atlantidae has no subfamilies.- Description :...
Rang, 1829 - † BellerophinidaeBellerophinidaeBellerophinidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Pterotracheidae has no subfamilies....
Destombes, 1984 - CarinariidaeCarinariidaeCarinariidae, known by the common name "heteropods" like their relatives in the Pterotracheoidea, is a taxonomic family of swimming or floating sea snails, pelagic marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Distribution :...
BlainvilleHenri Marie Ducrotay de BlainvilleHenri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville was a French zoologist and anatomist.Blainville was born at Arques, near Dieppe. In about 1796 he went to Paris to study painting, but he ultimately devoted himself to natural history, and attracted the attention of Georges Cuvier, for whom he occasionally...
, 1818
- Pterotracheidae
- RissooideaRissooideaRissooidea, originally named Rissoacea by Grey, 1847, is a large taxonomic superfamily of small and minute saltwater, brackish water, freshwater, and semi-terrestrial snails which have gills and an operculum...
Gray, 1847- Adeorbidae
- AmnicolidaeAmnicolidaeAmnicolidae is a family of small freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.This family is in the superfamily Rissooidea and in the clade Littorinimorpha...
Tryon, 1863- Subfamily Amnicolinae Tryon, 1863
- Subfamily Baicaliinae P. Fischer, 1885
- Subfamily Emmericiinae Brusina, 1870
- AnabathridaeAnabathridaeAnabathridae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :* Genus Afriscrobs W.F. Ponder, 1983* Genus Amphithalamus Carpenter, 1864** Amphithalamus subg. Amphithalamus Carpenter, 1864...
Keen, 1971 - AssimineidaeAssimineidaeAssimineidae is a family of minute snails with an operculum that live in saltwater, freshwater or on the land; they are mostly aquatic gastropod mollusks or micromollusks, in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Ecology :...
H. AdamsHenry Adams (zoologist)Henry Adams was an English naturalist and conchologist.With his brother Arthur Adams, also a noted conchologist, he wrote three volumes, 1858.-References:...
& A. AdamsArthur Adams (zoologist)Arthur Adams was an English physician and naturalist.Adams was assistant surgeon on board H.M.S. "Actaeon" in company with HMS Samarang in the British Navy during the survey of the Malay Archipelago, the Japan Sea, Korea and China,from 1843 to 1846. He edited the Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S....
, 1856 - Barleeiidae Gray, 1857
- BithyniidaeBithyniidaeBithyniidae is a family of small freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.Their minute shell is often colored. They are characterized by a calcareous operculum, a lobe on the upper surface of the neck. The ctenidium, the respiratory gill-comb, is...
Gray, 1857 - CaecidaeCaecidaeCaecidae is a taxonomic family of very small and minute sea snails or micromolluscs, marine gastropod molluscs in the order Littorinimorpha.- Habitat :...
Gray, 1850 - CalopiidaeCalopiidaeCalopiidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea....
PonderWinston PonderWinston F. Ponder B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D, D.Sc. is a noted malacologist from New Zealand who has named and described many marine animals, especially micromolluscs. He is a graduate of the University of Auckland, New Zealand....
, 1999 - CochliopidaeCochliopidaeCochliopidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.This family is in the superfamily Rissooidea and in the clade Littorinimorpha ....
Tryon, 1866- Subfamily Cocliopinae Tryon, 1866
- Subfamily Littoridininae Thiele, 1928
- Subfamily Semisalsinae Giusti & Pezzoli, 1980
- ElachisinidaeElachisinidaeElachisinidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea and the clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :Genera within the family Elachisinidae include:* Genus Elachisina W.H...
PonderWinston PonderWinston F. Ponder B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D, D.Sc. is a noted malacologist from New Zealand who has named and described many marine animals, especially micromolluscs. He is a graduate of the University of Auckland, New Zealand....
, 1985 - Emblandidae PonderWinston PonderWinston F. Ponder B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D, D.Sc. is a noted malacologist from New Zealand who has named and described many marine animals, especially micromolluscs. He is a graduate of the University of Auckland, New Zealand....
, 1985 - EpigridaeEpigridaeEpigridae is a family of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea, and clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :Genera within the family Epigridae include:* Genus Epigrus C. Hedley, 1903 - the type genus- References :...
PonderWinston PonderWinston F. Ponder B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D, D.Sc. is a noted malacologist from New Zealand who has named and described many marine animals, especially micromolluscs. He is a graduate of the University of Auckland, New Zealand....
, 1985 - FalsicingulidaeFalsicingulidaeFalsicingulidae is a family of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- References :*...
Slavoshevskaya - HelicostoidaeHelicostoidaeHelicostoa sinensis is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the clade Littorinimorpha.Helicostoa sinensis is the only species in the genus Helicostoa, which in turn is the only genus in the family Helicostoidae...
Pruvot-Fol, 1937 - HydrobiidaeHydrobiidaeHydrobiidae, common name mud snails, is a large cosmopolitan taxonomic family of very small freshwater snails and brackish water snails that have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Distribution :...
Stimpson, 1865 - HydrococcidaeHydrococcidaeHydrococcidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Genera:* Hydrococcus Thiele, 1928** Hydrococcus brazieri : synonym : Assiminea brazieri - References :*...
Thiele, 1928 - IravadiidaeIravadiidaeIravadiidae is a family of minute sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea and the clade Littorinimorpha.-Genera :Genera within the family Iravadiidae include:* Acliceratia Ponder, 1984* Ceratia H. & A. Adams, 1852...
Thiele, 1928 - LithoglyphidaeLithoglyphidaeLithoglyphidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.This family is in the superfamily Rissooidea and in the clade Littorinimorpha .- Taxonomy :Taylor , Ponder & Warén and Kabat & Hershler considered this taxon as a subfamily...
Tryon, 1866 - † MesocochliopidaeMesocochliopidaeMesocochliopidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea.-Genera:Genera within the family Mesocochliopidae include:* Mesocochliopa, the type genus- References :*...
Yu, 1987 - MoitessieriidaeMoitessieriidaeMoitessieriidae is a family of small freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Rissooidea.According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Moitessieriidae has no subfamilies....
Bourguignat, 1863 - † PalaeorissoinidaePalaeorissoinidaePalaeorissoinidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
Gründel & Kowalke, 2002- Subfamily Palaeorissoininae Gründel & Kowalke, 2002
- Subfamily Greveniellinae Gründel & Kowalke, 2002
- PomatiopsidaePomatiopsidaePomatiopsidae is a family of small mainly freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rissooidea ....
Stimpson, 1865- Subfamily Pomatiopsinae Stimpson, 1865
- OncomelaniaOncomelaniaOncomelania is a genus of very small tropical freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Pomatiopsidae.These Oncomelania snails are distantly related to the marine periwinkle, and more closely related to the small marine snails of the family Rissoidae.-Species:There are two species...
- Oncomelania
- Subfamily Triculinae Annandale, 1924
- Subfamily Pomatiopsinae Stimpson, 1865
- RissoidaeRissoidaeRissoidae is a large family of very small and minute sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Distribution and habitat:...
Gray, 1847 - StenothyridaeStenothyridaeStenothyridae is a family of freshwater snails, snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Rissooidea.This family has no subfamilies.-Distribution :...
Tryon, 1866 - TornidaeTornidaeTornidae is a family of very small and minute sea snails with an operculum, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha. This family used to be known as the Vitrinellidae.-General characteristics:...
Sacco, 1896 (1884) - TruncatellidaeTruncatellidaeTruncatellidae, common name the "looping snails", is a family of small amphibious snails, with gills and an operculum, semi-marine gastropod mollusks or micromollusks.-Shell description :...
Gray, 1840- Subfamily Truncatellinae Gray, 1840
- Subfamily Geomelaniinae Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1897
- StromboideaStromboideaThe Stromboidea, originally named the Strombacea by Rafinesque in 1815, is a superfamily of medium-sized to very large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Shell description:...
Rafinesque, 1815- AporrhaidaeAporrhaidaeAporrhaidae, common name the pelican's foot snails, is a taxonomic family of sea snails. The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Aporrhaidae as marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha....
Gray, 1850, the pelican's foot shells- Subfamily Aporrhainae Gray, 1850
- Subfamily Arrhoginae Popenoe, 1983
- † Subfamily Harpagodinae Pchelintsev, 1963
- † Subfamily Perissopterinae Korotkov, 1992
- † Subfamily Spinigerinae Korotkov, 1992 (inv.)
- † ColombellinidaeColombellinidaeColombellinidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
P. Fischer, 1884 - † PugnellidaePugnellidaePugnellidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- References :*...
Kiel & Bandel, 1999 - SeraphsidaeSeraphsidaeSeraphsidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. -External links:* - References :* *...
gray, 1853 - StrombidaeStrombidaeStrombidae, commonly known as the true conchs, is a taxonomic family of medium-sized to very large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Stromboidea....
Rafinesque, 1815, the true conchConchA conch is a common name which is applied to a number of different species of medium-sized to large sea snails or their shells, generally those which are large and have a high spire and a siphonal canal....
s - Struthiolariidae Gabb, 1868
- † ThersiteidaeThersiteidaeThersiteidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
Savornin, 1915 - TylostomatidaeTylostomatidaeTylostomatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
Stoliczka, 1868
- Aporrhaidae
- TonnoideaTonnoideaTonnoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Families:Families within the superfamily Tonnoidea include:*Family Tonnidae*Family Bursidae*Family Laubierinidae*Family Personidae*Family Pisanianuridae...
SuterHenry SuterHenry Suter was a New Zealand zoologist, naturalist, palaeontologist, and malacologist.- Biography :...
, 1913 (1825)- BursidaeBursidaeBursidae, common name "frog snails" or "frog shells" is a rather small taxonomic family of large sea snails, marine gastropod predatory snails in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Distribution:...
Thiele, 1925, the frog shells - LaubierinidaeLaubierinidaeLaubierinidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
Warén & Bouchet, 1990 - PersonidaePersonidaePersonidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :* Genus Distorsio Röding, 1798** Distorsio anus Linnaeus, 1758** Distorsio constricta Broderip, 1833...
Gray, 1854 - PisanianuridaePisanianuridaePisanianuridae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :* Genus Pisanianura Rovereto, 1899** Pisanianura grimaldii Dautzenberg, 1899...
Warén & Bouchet, 1990 - RanellidaeRanellidaeRanellidae, common name the triton shells or tritons, is a taxonomic family of small to very large predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Subfamilies:...
Gray, 1854, the tritons - TonnidaeTonnidaeTonnidae is a family of medium-sized to very large sea snails, known as the tun shells. These are marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Sorbeoconcha and the clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :...
SuterHenry SuterHenry Suter was a New Zealand zoologist, naturalist, palaeontologist, and malacologist.- Biography :...
, 1913 (1825), the tun shells
- Bursidae
- VanikoroideaVanikoroideaVanikoroidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Families:Families within the superfamily Vanikoroidea include:*Family Vanikoridae Gray, 1840 *Family Haloceratidae Warén & Bouchet, 1991...
Gray, 1840- HaloceratidaeHaloceratidaeHaloceratidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Genera :Genera within the family Haloceratidae include:* Genus Haloceras W.H. Dall, 1889** Haloceras carinata Jeffreys, 1883...
Warén & Bouchet, 1991 - HipponicidaeHipponicidaeHipponicidae, common name hoof shells or hoof snails, is a family of small sea snails, limpet-like marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Vanikoroidea.-Genera:Genera within the family Hipponicidae include:...
Troschel, 1861, the hoof shells - † OmalaxidaeOmalaxidaeOmalaxidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
Cosmmann, 1916 - VanikoridaeVanikoridaeVanikoridae is a family of very small or medium sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Genera and species :Genera and species within the family Vanikoridae include:* Genus Caledoniella...
Gray, 1840
- Haloceratidae
- VelutinoideaVelutinoideaVelutinoidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Taxonomy:*Family Velutinidae Gray, 1840**Subfamily Velutininae Gray, 1840**Subfamily Lamellariinae d'Orbigny, 1841*Family Triviidae Troschel, 1863...
Gray, 1840- PediculariidaePediculariidaePediculariidae is a family of small to large predatory or parasitic sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Cypraeoidea, the cowries and the cowry allies...
- TriviidaeTriviidaeTriviidae is a taxonomic family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Taxonomy:The following subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi in 2005:*Eratoinae Gill, 1871**tribe Eratoini Gill, 1871...
Troschel, 1863 - VelutinidaeVelutinidaeVelutinidae is a family of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- Taxonomy :The following two subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :* subfamily Velutininae J. E...
Gray, 1840- Subfamily Velutininae Gray, 1840
- Subfamily LamellariinaeLamellariinaeLamellariinae is a subfamily of small slug-like sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs belonging to the family Velutinidae, in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Genera:Genera in the subfamily Lamellariinae include:* Calyptoconcha Bouchet & Waren, 1993...
d'Orbigny, 1841
- Pediculariidae
- Vermetoidea Rafinesque, 1815
- VermetidaeVermetidaeVermetidae, common name the worm snails or worm shells, is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
Rafinesque, 1815, the worm snails
- Vermetidae
- XenophoroideaXenophoroideaThe Xenophoroidea is a superfamily of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.-Taxonomy:The following families have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi :* family Xenophoridae* family † Lamelliphoridae...
Troschel, 1852 (1840)- Guttulidae
- † LamelliphoridaeLamelliphoridaeLamelliphoridae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.According to taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi the family Lamelliphoridae has no subfamilies....
Korobkov, 1960 - XenophoridaeXenophoridaeXenophoridae, common name carrier shells, are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha....
Troschel, 1852 (1840), the carrier shells
(Extinct taxa indicated by a dagger
Dagger (typography)
A dagger, or obelisk. is a typographical symbol or glyph. The term "obelisk" derives from Greek , which means "little obelus"; from meaning "roasting spit"...
, †.)