Littorinidae
Encyclopedia
Littorinidae is a taxonomic family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 of over 200 species of sea snail
Sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for those snails that normally live in saltwater, marine gastropod molluscs....

s, marine
Marine (ocean)
Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...

 gastropod molluscs in the clade
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...

 Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found world-wide.

Names

In English-speaking countries in other parts of the world, gastropod molluscs from other families, such as the Nerites, Neritidae
Neritidae
Neritidae, common name the nerites, is a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized saltwater and freshwater snails which have a gill and a distinctive operculum, marine, brackish water and freshwater gastropod mollusks in the order Neritoida....

, are sometimes also commonly known as "winkles", simply because they are small round marine snails that occupy a similar ecological niche.

Taxonomy

The following three subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

:
  • Subfamily Littorininae Children, 1834 - synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
  • Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 - synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
  • Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989

Genera

Genera within the family Littorinidae include:

Littorininae
  • Littorina
    Littorina
    Littorina is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. These small snails live in the tidal zone of rocky shores.-Overview:...

    Férussac, 1822 - type genus
  • Mainwaringia
    Mainwaringia
    Mainwaringia is a genus of sea snails or freshwater snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.-Species:Species within the genus Mainwaringia include:* Mainwaringia leithii...

    Nevill, 1885


Lacuninae
  • Cremnoconchus
    Cremnoconchus
    Cremnoconchus is a genus of small freshwater snails, gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles....

    Blanford, 1869 - freshwater snails living in waterfalls.
  • Lacuna
    Lacuna (gastropod)
    Lacuna is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.-Description:The spiral animal body is elongated. The mouth has a proboscis with two thick lips and a spiral, filiform tongue. There are two slender, contractile tentacles with the eyes...

    Turton
    William Turton
    William Turton was a British naturalist.Turton was born at Olveston, Gloucestershire and was educated at Oriel College, Oxford. He commenced in practice at Swansea, but devoted his leisure time to natural history, especially conchology...

    , 1827 - synonym: Aquilonaria Dall
    W. H. Dall
    William Healey Dall was an American naturalist, a prominent malacologist, and one of the earliest scientific explorers of interior Alaska...

    , 1886


Laevilitorininae
  • Laevilitorina
    Laevilitorina
    Laevilitorina is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. -Species:Species in the genus Laevilitorina include:* Laevilitorina alta...

    Pfeiffer
    Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer
    Ludwig Karl Georg Pfeiffer, also known as Louis Pfeiffer was a German physician, botanist and conchologist.-Biography:He received his education in Kassel, and became professor of pathology there in 1828...

    , 1886


subfamily ?
  • Afrolittorina
    Afrolittorina
    Afrolittorina is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.-Species:Species within the genus Afrolittorina include:* Afrolittorina acutispira...

    Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
  • Algamorda Dall
    W. H. Dall
    William Healey Dall was an American naturalist, a prominent malacologist, and one of the earliest scientific explorers of interior Alaska...

    , 1918
  • Austrolittorina
    Austrolittorina
    Austrolittorina is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.-Species:Species within the genus Austrolittorina include:* Austrolittorina antipodum...

    Rosewater, 1970
  • Bembicium Philippi, 1846
  • Cenchritis
    Cenchritis
    Cenchritis is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.-Species:Species within the genus Cenchritis include: * Cenchritis antonii...

    von Martens, 1900
  • Echinolittorina
    Echinolittorina
    Echinolittorina is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Littorinidae, the winkles.- Species :According to the World Register of Marine Species , the following species with valid names are included within the genus Echinolittorina : * Echinolittorina albicarinata *...

    Habe, 1956 - synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009; Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009
  • Littoraria
    Littoraria
    Littoraria is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. There are more than fifty species in this genus of which more than 20 species arebelieved to besynonyms of Littorina scabra, a very variable species...

    Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 - 39 species
  • Littorina
    Littorina
    Littorina is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles. These small snails live in the tidal zone of rocky shores.-Overview:...

    Férussac
    André Étienne d'Audebert de Férussac
    Baron André Étienne Justin Pascal Joseph François d'Audebert de Férussac was a French naturalist best known for his studies of molluscs...

    , 1822 - 18 species
  • Macquariella Finlay
    Harold John Finlay
    Harold John Finlay was a New Zealand palaeontologist and conchologist. He was born in Comilla, India , on 22 March 1901....

    , 1927 (?)
  • Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
  • Nodilittorina
    Nodilittorina
    Nodilittorina is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.Many species that were previously placed in this genus have been moved to the genus Echinolittorina....

    von Martens, 1897 - This genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
    • Echinolittorina
      Echinolittorina
      Echinolittorina is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Littorinidae, the winkles.- Species :According to the World Register of Marine Species , the following species with valid names are included within the genus Echinolittorina : * Echinolittorina albicarinata *...

      - 59 species worldwide
    • Austrolittorina
      Austrolittorina
      Austrolittorina is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.-Species:Species within the genus Austrolittorina include:* Austrolittorina antipodum...

      - five species
    • Afrolittorina
      Afrolittorina
      Afrolittorina is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.-Species:Species within the genus Afrolittorina include:* Afrolittorina acutispira...

      - four species
    • Nodilittorina
      Nodilittorina
      Nodilittorina is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.Many species that were previously placed in this genus have been moved to the genus Echinolittorina....

      s.s. - the monotypic subgenus
  • Peasiella
    Peasiella
    Peasiella is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.-Species:Species within the genus Peasiella include:* Peasiella conoidalis...

    - Nevill, 1885
  • Pellilitorina
    Pellilitorina
    Pellilitorina is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.-Species:Species within the genus Pellilitorina include:* Pellilitorina pellita...

    Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
  • Risellopsis
    Risellopsis
    Risellopsis is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.-Species:Species within the genus Risellopsis include:* Risellopsis varia...

    Kesteven, 1902
  • Rissolitorina Ponder
    Winston Ponder
    Winston F. Ponder B.Sc, M.Sc, Ph.D, D.Sc. is a noted malacologist from New Zealand who has named and described many marine animals, especially micromolluscs. He is a graduate of the University of Auckland, New Zealand....

    , 1966
  • Tectarius
    Tectarius
    Tectarius is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Littorinidae, the winkles or periwinkles.-Species:Species within the genus Tectarius include:* Tectarius antonii...

    Valenciennes
    Achille Valenciennes
    Achille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...

    , 1833 - 11 species. Its synonym or subgenus includes: Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942.


Synonyms:
  • Haloconcha Dall, 1886 is a synonym for Lacunaria
    Lacunaria
    Lacunaria is a genus of plant in family Ochnaceae. It contains the following species :* Lacunaria panamensis, Standl....

    Dall, 1885

Further reading

External links

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