Hydrobiidae
Encyclopedia
Hydrobiidae, common name
Common name
A common name of a taxon or organism is a name in general use within a community; it is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism...

 mud snails, is a large cosmopolitan taxonomic family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...

 of very small freshwater snail
Freshwater snail
A freshwater snail is one kind of freshwater mollusc, the other kind being freshwater clams and mussels, i.e. freshwater bivalves. Specifically a freshwater snail is a gastropod that lives in a watery non-marine habitat. The majority of freshwater gastropods have a shell, with very few exceptions....

s and brackish water
Brackish water
Brackish water is water that has more salinity than fresh water, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water, as in estuaries, or it may occur in brackish fossil aquifers. The word comes from the Middle Dutch root "brak," meaning "salty"...

 snails that have an operculum
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...

, aquatic
Aquatic animal
An aquatic animal is an animal, either vertebrate or invertebrate, which lives in water for most or all of its life. It may breathe air or extract its oxygen from that dissolved in water through specialised organs called gills, or directly through its skin. Natural environments and the animals that...

 gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha
Littorinimorpha
Littorinimorpha is a large clade of gastropods within Hypsogastropoda consisting primarily of marine species, but also aquatic and terrestrial species as well....

.

Distribution

There are over 260 species of Hydrobiidae living in Australia.

Description

These are very small or minute snails, with a shell height of less than 8 mm. The dextrally-coiled shells are smooth (except for growth lines conforming to the shape of the outer lip) and are usually rather nondescript. The shell offers very few robust characteristics to the systematist who is attempting to classify the species within this family. This difficulty is compounded by a high degree of intraspecific variation. Descriptions often have to be based on the characteristics of the operculum
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...

, radula
Radula
The radula is an anatomical structure that is used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared rather inaccurately to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus...

 and penis
Penis
The penis is a biological feature of male animals including both vertebrates and invertebrates...

.

The shell of species within this family varies from planispiral to needle-shaped. The shell may have an open umbilicus or a plugged umbilicus. The thickness of the shell can vary from thin to fairly solid. The shell may be transparent and horn-colored, or colorless.

The number of whorls
Whorl (mollusc)
A whorl is a single, complete 360° revolution or turn in the spiral growth of a mollusc shell. A spiral configuration of the shell is found in of numerous gastropods, but it is also found in shelled cephalopods including Nautilus, Spirula and the large extinct subclass of cephalopods known as the...

 in the shell varies between two and eight. The shell can sometimes even assume a corkscrew or hornlike shape by loosening of the attachment of body whorl. The periostracum
Periostracum
The periostracum is a thin organic coating or "skin" which is the outermost layer of the shell of many shelled animals, including mollusks and brachiopods. Among mollusks it is primarily seen in snails and clams, i.e. in bivalves and gastropods, but it is also found in cephalopods such as the...

 (outer layer of the shell) is usually thin, and is often colored. It can sometimes show hair-like projections.

The sinuous aperture
Aperture (mollusc)
The aperture is an opening in certain kinds of mollusc shells: it is the main opening of the shell, where part of the body of the animal emerges for locomotion, feeding, etc....

 is entire, not interrupted by a siphonal canal or other extensions. It is sometimes thickened. The protoconch
Protoconch
A protoconch is an embryonic or larval shell of some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod...

 is usually shaped like a dome, and usually shows a few spirals.

The corneous operculum
Operculum (gastropod)
The operculum, meaning little lid, is a corneous or calcareous anatomical structure which exists in many groups of sea snails and freshwater snails, and also in a few groups of land snails...

 is usually well-formed and shows only a few spirals.

The head, foot, mantle and visceral coil are colored pale gray to dark purple-black with melanin
Melanin
Melanin is a pigment that is ubiquitous in nature, being found in most organisms . In animals melanin pigments are derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. The most common form of biological melanin is eumelanin, a brown-black polymer of dihydroxyindole carboxylic acids, and their reduced forms...

 pigments. Subterranean species are often unpigmented.

The strong foot can be retracted into the shell. The mucous glands are situated at the anterior edge of the foot. There are no posterior mucous glands. The symmetrical cephalic tentacles are threadlike, with blunt or rounded tips. The eyes are located at the base of the tentacles.

The ctenidium (a comblike respiratory apparatus) goes along most of the length of the pallial cavity. This respiratory gill consists of 10 to 200 triangular filaments. The osphradium
Osphradium
The osphradium is the olfactory organ in certain molluscs, linked with the respiration organ.The main function of this is to test incoming water for silt and other possible food particles.It is used by all members of the Genus Conus....

, the olfactory organ linked with the respiration organ, is usually relatively small.

The taenioglossate radula
Radula
The radula is an anatomical structure that is used by molluscs for feeding, sometimes compared rather inaccurately to a tongue. It is a minutely toothed, chitinous ribbon, which is typically used for scraping or cutting food before the food enters the esophagus...

 consists of more than fifty rows of teeth. The central tooth is trapezoidal. The lateral teeth have few to numerous cusps. The marginal teeth are usually with numerous cusps.

The species usually have both male and female individuals, but very rarely reproduction may be parthenogenic, caused by internal fertilization. The females lay eggs in single capsules on the leaves or stems of water plants. But sometimes they produce eggs that are hatched within the pallial gonoduct of the body, and in these cases the young are born alive. Species that inhabit estuaries sometimes produce veliger
Veliger
A veliger is the planktonic larva of many kinds of marine and freshwater gastropod molluscs, as well as most bivalve mollusks.- Description :...

 larvae.

The fossil record of this family extends back to the Early Carboniferous.

Habitat

Most species of this family live in freshwater (lakes, ponds, rivers, streams), but some are found in brackish water or at the borders between freshwater and brackish water. A few occur in marine environments on sandy or muddy bottoms between algae and sea grass.

Taxonomy

This is the largest family within the superfamily Rissooidea
Rissooidea
Rissooidea, originally named Rissoacea by Grey, 1847, is a large taxonomic superfamily of small and minute saltwater, brackish water, freshwater, and semi-terrestrial snails which have gills and an operculum...

. At one time or another some 400 genera have been assigned to this family, and probably more than 1,000 species. This family was originally named by William Stimpson
William Stimpson
William Stimpson was a noted American scientist.- Biography :Stimpson was born in Boston, Massachusetts to Herbert Hathorne Stimpson and Mary Ann Devereau Brewer. The Stimpsons were of the old colonial and Revolutionary stock of Massachusetts, the earliest known member of the family being James...

 in 1865, as the group Hydrobiae. Stimpson was not certain of their rank, and he placed them in the Taenioglossata: Ctenobranchiata between the Lithoglyphi and Ancyloti. Over the years there have been numerous attempts to give an adequate and more finely divided classification. Thiele
Johannes Thiele
Johannes Thiele, full name Karl Hermann Johannes Thiele was a German zoologist specialized in malacology. His Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde is a standard work...

 (1925, 1929 and 1931) set up the most comprehensive classification, with a review of the family at generic level.

Notable works about taxonomy of Hydrobiidae includes works by Radoman, for example Radoman (1983).

The classification, as specified by Kabat and Hershler (1993), does not form a monophyletic group, and was in need of revision.

A study by Wilke et al. (2001) using molecular data from COI (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and 18S genes has resulted in a new tentative set of subfamilies: Hydrobiinae, Pseudamnicolinae, Nymphophilinae, Islamiinae and Horatiinae.

2005 taxonomy

The following subfamilies are recognized in the gastropod taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

 from 2005:
  • Hydrobiinae Stimpson, 1865 - synonyms: Paludestrinidae Newton, 1891; Pyrgorientaliinae Radoman, 1977; Pseudocaspiidae Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1983
  • Belgrandiinae de Stefani, 1877 - synonyms: Horatiini D. W. Taylor, 1966; Graecoanatolicinae Radoman, 1973; Sadlerianinae Radoman, 1973; Pseudohoratiinae Radoman, 1973; Orientaliidae Radoman, 1973 (inv.); Lithoglyphulidae Radoman, 1973; Orientalinidae Radoman, 1978 (inv.); Belgrandiellinae Radoman, 1983; Dabrianidae Starobogatov, 1983; Istrianidae Starobogatov, 1983; Kireliinae Starobogatov, 1983; lanzaiidae Starobogatov, 1983; Tanousiidae Starobogatov, 1983; Bucharamnicolinae Izzatulaev, Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1985; Martensamnicolinae Izzatulaev, Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1985; Turkmenamnicolinae Izzatulaev, Sitnikova & Starobogatov, 1985
  • Clenchiellinae D. W. Taylor, 1966
  • Islamiinae Radoman, 1973
  • Nymphophilinae D. W. Taylor, 1966
  • Pseudamnicolinae Radoman, 1977
  • Pyrgulinae Brusina, 1882 (1869) - synonyms: Caspiidae B. Dybowski, 1913; Microliopalaeinae B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1914; Micromelaniidae B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1914; Turricaspiinae B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1915; Liosarmatinae B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1920; Chilopyrgulinae Radoman, 1973; Micropyrgulidae Radoman, 1973; Falsipyrgulinae Radoman, 1983; Ohridopyrgulinae Radoman, 1983; Prosostheniinae Pana, 1989
  • Tateinae Thiele, 1925 - synonyms: Potamopyrgidae F. C. Baker, 1928; Hemistomiinae Thiele, 1929


The Amnicolidae
Amnicolidae
Amnicolidae is a family of small freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.This family is in the superfamily Rissooidea and in the clade Littorinimorpha...

 and Cochliopidae
Cochliopidae
Cochliopidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.This family is in the superfamily Rissooidea and in the clade Littorinimorpha ....

 are considered as distinct families according to taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)
Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda as it was revised by Philippe Bouchet and Jean-Pierre Rocroi is currently the most up-to-date overall system for classifying gastropod mollusks...

.

Genera

Genera in the family Hydrobiidae include:

Hydrobiinae
  • Austropyrgus Cotton 1943 - which now includes species that were previously grouped under Angrobia
    Angrobia
    Angrobia is a genus of minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.Note: All the species in this genus now appear to have been transferred to the genus Austropyrgus.-Species:...

    Iredale, 1943
  • Hydrobia
    Hydrobia
    Hydrobia is a genus of very small brackish water snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae...

    Hartmann, 1821 - the type genus
    Type genus
    In biological classification, a type genus is a representative genus, as with regard to a biological family. The term and concept is used much more often and much more formally in zoology than it is in botany, and the definition is dependent on the nomenclatural Code that applies:* In zoological...

     of the family Hydrobiidae
    • subgenus Peringia
      Peringia
      Peringia is a genus of very small snails with gills and an operculum, gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.This genus has become a synonym for Hydrobia Hartmann, 1821...

      Paladilhe, 1874 - or as a separate genus
  • Mercuria Boeters, 1971 - in Nymphophilinae by Herschler et al. (2003)
  • Falniowskia
    Falniowskia
    Falniowskia is a genus of minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Hydrobiidae....

    Bernasconi, 1991
  • Tournouerina Schlickum, 1971


Belgrandiinae
  • Alzoniella
    Alzoniella
    Alzoniella is a genus of minute freshwater spring snails, aquatic gastropod mollusks or micromollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.All the species within the snail genus Alzoniella are crenobiotic, i.e. they are dependent on springs.- Species :...

    Giusti & Bodon, 1984
  • Avenionia
    Avenionia
    Avenionia is a genus of small freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Avenionia include:* Avenionia brevis* Avenionia roberti-References:...

    Nicolas, 1882
  • Belgrandia
    Belgrandia
    Belgrandia is a genus of very small aquatic snails, operculate gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Belgrandia include:* Belgrandia silviae Rolán & Oliveira, 2009...

    Bourguignat, 1869 - type genus in the subfamily Belgrandiinae
  • Belgrandiella
    Belgrandiella
    Belgrandiella is a genus of minute freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.- Species :The genus Belgrandiella includes the following species:* Belgrandiella austriana...

    A. J. Wagner, 1928
  • Bythiospeum
    Bythiospeum
    Bythiospeum is a genus of very small freshwater snails that have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Bythiospeum include:* Bythiospeum acicula* Bythiospeum alpinum...

    Bourguignat, 1882
  • Dabriana Radoman, 1974 - with the only species Dabriana bosniaca Radoman, 1974
  • Graziana
    Graziana
    Graziana is a genus of minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Graziana include:* Graziana klazenfurtensis* Graziana lacheineri...

    Radoman, 1975
  • Hauffenia
    Hauffenia
    Hauffenia is a genus of minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Hauffenia include:* Hauffenia kerschneri* Hauffenia minuta...

    Pollonera, 1898
  • Iglica
    Iglica (gastropod)
    Iglica is a genus of very small or minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Iglica include:* Iglica gratulabunda* Iglica kleinzellensis...

    A. J. Wagner, 1928
  • Sadleriana
    Sadleriana
    Sadleriana is a genus of freshwater snails, gastropods in the Hydrobiidae family.- Species :Species within the genus Sadleriana include:* Sadleriana bavarica Boeters, 1989* Sadleriana bulgarica Sadleriana is a genus of freshwater snails, gastropods in the Hydrobiidae family.- Species :Species...

    Clessin, 1890


Clenchiellinae
  • Clenchiella Abbott, 1948 - type genus of the subfamily Clenchiellinae


Islamiinae
  • Islamia
    Islamia
    Islamia is a genus of small freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.- Species :Species within the genus Islamia include:* Islamia archeducis Boeter & Beckmann, 2007...

    Radoman, 1973 - type genus of the subfamily Islamiinae


Nymphophilinae
  • Floridobia F. G. Thompson & R. Hershler, 2002
  • Cincinnatia
    Cincinnatia
    Cincinnatia is a genus of very small freshwater snails that have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae, the mud snails.-Species:Species within the genus Cincinnatia include:...

    Pilsbry, 1891
  • Pyrgulopsis
    Pyrgulopsis
    Pyrgulopsis is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.- Etymology :The name Pyrgulopsis is composed from Pyrgula and opsis = aspect of.- Shell description :...

    Call & Pilsbry, 1886
  • Marstonia
    Marstonia
    Marstonia is a genus of freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-Distribution :Species in the genus Marstonia are distributed in springs, streams and lakes in eastern North America...

    Baker, 1926
  • Notogillia Pilsbry, 1953
  • Nymphophilus D. W. Taylor, 1966 - type genus of the subfamily Nymphophilinae
  • Rhapinema F. G. Thompson, 1970
  • Spilochlamys F. G. Thompson, 1968
  • Stiobia
    Stiobia
    Stiobia is a genus of gastropods in the Hydrobiidae family.It contains the following species:* Sculpin snail, Stiobia nana...

    F. G. Thompson & McCaleb, 1978


Pseudamnicolinae
  • Pseudamnicola
    Pseudamnicola
    Pseudamnicola is a genus of small brackish water snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.Pseudamnicola is the type genus of the subfamily Pseudamnicolinae.- Species :...

    Paulucci, 1878 - type genus in the subfamily Pseudamnicolinae


Pyrgulinae
  • Caspia
    Caspia
    Caspia is a genus of marine snails, brackish water snails and freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae. Caspia is the type genus of the Caspiidae, that is a synonym of Pyrgulinae....

    W. Dybowski, 1888
  • Chilopyrgula Brusina, 1896
  • Falsipyrgula Radoman, 1973
  • Liosarmata B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1914 - synonym: Microliopalaeina B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1914
  • Micromelania Brusina, 1874
  • Micropyrgula Polinski, 1929
  • Ohridopyrgula Radoman, 1983
  • Prososthenia Neumayr, 1869
  • Pyrgula
    Pyrgula
    Pyrgula is a genus of freshwater snail with a gill and an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Hydrobiidae.Pyrgula is the type genus of the subfamily Pyrgulinae. Pyrgula annulata is the type species of the genus Pyrgula....

    de Cristofori & Jan, 1832 - type genus in the subfamily Pyrgulinae
  • Turricaspia
    Turricaspia
    Turricaspia is a genus of aquatic snails which includes marine snails, brackish water snails and freshwater snails which all have a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae...

    B. Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1915


Tateinae
  • Hemistomia Crosse, 1872
  • Potamopyrgus
    Potamopyrgus
    Potamopyrgus is a genus of minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Hydrobiidae.-Distribution:This genus is endemic to New Zealand and south eastern Australia....

    Stimpson, 1865
  • Tatea Tenison-Woods, 1879 - type genus in the subfamily Tateinae


subfamily uncertain
  • Phrantela
    Phrantela
    Phrantela is a genus of minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Phrantela include:* Phrantela annamurrayae* Phrantela conica...

    Iredale, 1943
  • Probythinella
    Probythinella
    Probythinella is a genus of very small aquatic snails, operculate gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Probythinella include:* Probythinella protera Pilsbry, 1953...

    Thiele, 1928


subfamily ?
  • Antroselates Hubricht, 1963
  • Aphaostracon
    Aphaostracon
    Aphaostracon is a genus of very small or minute freshwater and brackish water snails that have an operculum, aquatic operculate gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:This genus includes the following species:...

    F. G. Thompson, 1968
  • Balconorbis Hershler & Longley, 1986
  • Birgella F. C. Baker, 1926
  • Caledoconcha Haase & Bouchet, 1998
  • Cochliopina
    Cochliopina
    Cochliopina is a genus of very small freshwater snails that have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae, the mud snails.-Species:Species within the genus Cochliopina include::* Cochliopina compacta...

    Morrison, 1946
  • Dasyscias F. G. Thompson & Hershler, 1991
  • Ecrobia Stimpson, 1865 - synonym: Ventrosia Radoman, 1977
  • Fontelicella
  • Fontigens
    Fontigens
    Fontigens is a genus of minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Fontigens include:* Tapered cavesnail, Fontigens holsingeri...

    Pilsbry, 1933
  • Hadoceras
  • Heleobops
    Heleobops
    Heleobops is a genus of very small aquatic snails, operculate gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Heleobops include:* Heleobops carrikeri Davis & McKee, 1989...

    F. G. Thompson, 1968
  • Hemistoma
    Hemistoma
    Hemistoma is a genus of minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs or micromolluscs in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Hemistoma include:* Hemistoma beaumonti* Hemistoma flexicolumella...

  • Hoyia F. C. Baker, 1926
  • Hyalopyrgus
  • Kanakyella Haase & Bouchet, 1998
  • Leiorhagium Haase & Bouchet, 1998
  • Littoridinops
    Littoridinops
    Littoridinops is a genus of very small aquatic snails, operculate gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Littoridinops include:* Littoridinops monroensis...

    Pilsbry, 1952
  • Lyogyrus
    Lyogyrus
    Lyogyrus is a genus of very small freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-References:*...

    Gill, 1863
  • Lyrodes Doering, 1884
  • Nanocochlea
    Nanocochlea
    Nanocochlea is a genus of minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Nanocochlea include:* Nanocochlea monticola* Nanocochlea parva...

    Ponder & Clark in Pond, Cla, Mill & Toluzzi, 1993
  • Onobops
    Onobops
    Onobops is a genus of very small aquatic snails, operculate gastropod mollusks in the family Cochliopidae or in the Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Onobops include:...

    F. G. Thompson, 1969 - or in Cochliopidae
    Cochliopidae
    Cochliopidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.This family is in the superfamily Rissooidea and in the clade Littorinimorpha ....

  • Palacanthilhiopsis
    Palacanthilhiopsis
    Palacanthilhiopsis is a genus of very small or minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Palacanthilhiopsis include:* Palacanthilhiopsis vervierii...


  • Pidaconomus Haase & Bouchet, 1998
  • Phreatoceras Hershler & Longley, 1986
  • Plagigeyeria
    Plagigeyeria
    Plagigeyeria is a genus of very small or minute freshwater snails with an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-References:*...

    Tomlin, 1930
  • Pristinicola Hershler, et al., 1994
  • Pyrgophorus
    Pyrgophorus
    Pyrgophorus is a genus of very small freshwater snails with a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the family Hydrobiidae. They- Species :Species in the genus Pyrgophorus include:* Pyrgophorus parvulus...

    Ancey, 1888 - or in Cochliopidae
    Cochliopidae
    Cochliopidae is a family of small freshwater snails with gills and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks.This family is in the superfamily Rissooidea and in the clade Littorinimorpha ....

  • Spurwinkia
    Spurwinkia
    Spurwinkia is a genus of very small aquatic snails, operculate gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Spurwinkia include:* Spurwinkia salsa...

    Davis, Mazurkiewicz & Mandracchia, 1982
  • Stygopyrgus Hershler & Longley, 1986
  • Taylorconcha
    Taylorconcha
    Taylorconcha is a genus of small freshwater snails that have an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Taylorconcha include:* Bliss rapid snail, Taylorconcha serpenticola...

    Hershler, et al., 1994
  • Texadina
    Texadina
    Texadina is a genus of very small aquatic snails, operculate gastropod mollusks in the family Hydrobiidae.-Species:Species within the genus Texadina include:* Texadina barretti...

    Abbott & Ladd, 1951
  • Texapyrgus F. G. Thompson & Hershler, 1991


other generic names:
  • Paludestrina d'Orbigny, 1840 is a rejected or invalid name, that was previously placed within Hydrobiidae
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