Stromboidea
Encyclopedia
The Stromboidea, originally named the Strombacea by Rafinesque in 1815, is a superfamily
of medium-sized to very large sea snail
s, marine
gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha
.
to the largest strombids
).
, many invertebrate superfamily names ended in the suffix -acea, or -aceae, not -oidea as now required according the ICZN article 29.2. The suffix -oidea used to be used for some subclasses and superorders, where it is stll found. In much of the older literature including Keen 1958, Moore et al. 1952, and the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
, gastropod superfamilies are written with the suffix -acea.
, based on an extensive morpho
-anatomical
analysis of representatives of Aporrhaidae
, Strombidae
, Xenophoridae
and Struthiolariidae was proposed by Simone (2005). A simplified version of this analysis is represented bellow (Cuphosolenus
and Aporrhais
belongs to Aporrhaidae):
Taxonomic rank
In biological classification, rank is the level in a taxonomic hierarchy. Examples of taxonomic ranks are species, genus, family, and class. Each rank subsumes under it a number of less general categories...
of medium-sized to very large sea snail
Sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for those snails that normally live in saltwater, marine gastropod molluscs....
s, marine
Marine (ocean)
Marine is an umbrella term. As an adjective it is usually applicable to things relating to the sea or ocean, such as marine biology, marine ecology and marine geology...
gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha
Littorinimorpha
Littorinimorpha is a large clade of gastropods within Hypsogastropoda consisting primarily of marine species, but also aquatic and terrestrial species as well....
.
Shell description
Shells in this superfamily attain a wide variety of lengths depending on the species (20-400 mm from the smallest aporrhaidsAporrhais
Aporrhais is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Aporrhaidae and the superfamily Stromboidea. The genus is known from the Cretaceous to the recent periods.- Species :This genus contains the following species:...
to the largest strombids
Strombidae
Strombidae, commonly known as the true conchs, is a taxonomic family of medium-sized to very large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Stromboidea....
).
Taxonomy
This superfamily was previously known as Strombacea. Prior to the recent ruling by the ICZNInternational Commission on Zoological Nomenclature
The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature is an organization dedicated to "achieving stability and sense in the scientific naming of animals". Founded in 1895, it currently comprises 28 members from 20 countries, mainly practicing zoological taxonomists...
, many invertebrate superfamily names ended in the suffix -acea, or -aceae, not -oidea as now required according the ICZN article 29.2. The suffix -oidea used to be used for some subclasses and superorders, where it is stll found. In much of the older literature including Keen 1958, Moore et al. 1952, and the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
The Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology published by the Geological Society of America and the University of Kansas Press, is a definitive multi-authored work of some 50 volumes, written by more than 300 paleontologists, and covering every phylum, class, order, family, and genus of fossil and...
, gastropod superfamilies are written with the suffix -acea.
2005 taxonomy
According to the classification proposed by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the families and subfamilies in the superfamily Stromboidea are as follows. Fossil families are marked with a dagger †.- AporrhaidaeAporrhaidaeAporrhaidae, common name the pelican's foot snails, is a taxonomic family of sea snails. The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Aporrhaidae as marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha....
Gray, 1850 - the pelican's foot shells, synonyms: Aporrhaididae, Aporrhaiidae,- Subfamily Aporrhainae Gray, 1850
- Subfamily Arrhoginae Popenoe, 1983
- † Subfamily Harpagodinae Pchelintsev, 1963
- † Subfamily Perissopterinae Korotkov, 1992
- † Subfamily Spinigerinae Korotkov, 1992 (inv.)
- † ColombellinidaeColombellinidaeColombellinidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
P. Fischer, 1884 - † PugnellidaePugnellidaePugnellidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- References :*...
Kiel & Bandel, 1999 - SeraphsidaeSeraphsidaeSeraphsidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. -External links:* - References :* *...
Gray, 1853 - synonym: Terebellidae - StrombidaeStrombidaeStrombidae, commonly known as the true conchs, is a taxonomic family of medium-sized to very large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Stromboidea....
Rafinesque, 1815 - the "true conchConchA conch is a common name which is applied to a number of different species of medium-sized to large sea snails or their shells, generally those which are large and have a high spire and a siphonal canal....
s" - Struthiolariidae Gabb, 1868
- † ThersiteidaeThersiteidaeThersiteidae is an extinct family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
Savornin, 1915 - TylostomatidaeTylostomatidaeTylostomatidae is an extinct family of fossil sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha....
Stoliczka, 1868
2008 taxonomy
Some authors consider two following families as separate families:- Rimellidae
- RostellariidaeRostellariidaeRostellariidae is a family of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha.- 2005 taxonomy :This taxon is ranked at subfamily level Rostellariinae within the family Strombidae in the taxonomy of the Gastropoda .- 2008 taxonomy :Rostellariidae is ranked at family level for...
- synonym: Tibiidae
Cladogram
A cladogramCladogram
A cladogram is a diagram used in cladistics which shows ancestral relations between organisms, to represent the evolutionary tree of life. Although traditionally such cladograms were generated largely on the basis of morphological characters, DNA and RNA sequencing data and computational...
, based on an extensive morpho
Morphology (biology)
In biology, morphology is a branch of bioscience dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features....
-anatomical
Anatomy
Anatomy is a branch of biology and medicine that is the consideration of the structure of living things. It is a general term that includes human anatomy, animal anatomy , and plant anatomy...
analysis of representatives of Aporrhaidae
Aporrhaidae
Aporrhaidae, common name the pelican's foot snails, is a taxonomic family of sea snails. The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 categorizes Aporrhaidae as marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha....
, Strombidae
Strombidae
Strombidae, commonly known as the true conchs, is a taxonomic family of medium-sized to very large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Stromboidea....
, Xenophoridae
Xenophoridae
Xenophoridae, common name carrier shells, are a taxonomic family of medium-sized to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Littorinimorpha....
and Struthiolariidae was proposed by Simone (2005). A simplified version of this analysis is represented bellow (Cuphosolenus
Cuphosolenus
Cuphosolenus is a genus of extinct small to medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Aporrhaidae and the superfamily Stromboidea, known from the Jurassic and lower Cretaceous periods...
and Aporrhais
Aporrhais
Aporrhais is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Aporrhaidae and the superfamily Stromboidea. The genus is known from the Cretaceous to the recent periods.- Species :This genus contains the following species:...
belongs to Aporrhaidae):
External links
- Gastropoda Stromboidea - Ulrich Wieneke and Han Stoutjesdijk
- Keen, A. Myra 1958; Sea Shells of Tropical West America, Stanford University Press.
- Moore, Lalicker, and Fischer 1952; Invertebrate Fossils, McGraw-Hill Book.