List of philosophers of science
Encyclopedia
A–C
- Alhazen
- Robin O. Andreasen
- Mariano ArtigasMariano ArtigasMariano Artigas was a Spanish physicist, philosopher and writer. He received the Templeton Foundation Award in 1995 for his work on science and religion...
- Alfred Jules Ayer
- R. B. BraithwaiteR. B. BraithwaiteRichard Bevan Braithwaite was an English philosopher who specialized in the philosophy of science, ethics, and the philosophy of religion. He was a lecturer in moral science at the University of Cambridge from 1934 to 1953, then Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy there from 1953 to 1967...
- Gaston BachelardGaston BachelardGaston Bachelard was a French philosopher. He made contributions in the fields of poetics and the philosophy of science. To the latter he introduced the concepts of epistemological obstacle and epistemological break...
- Francis BaconFrancis BaconFrancis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Albans, KC was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England...
- Roger BaconRoger BaconRoger Bacon, O.F.M. , also known as Doctor Mirabilis , was an English philosopher and Franciscan friar who placed considerable emphasis on the study of nature through empirical methods...
- John BeattyJohn Beatty (philosopher)John Beatty is a professor in the Department of Philosophy at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia. He received his PhD in 1979 in the History and Philosophy of Science at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. His research focuses on the theoretical foundations,...
- Max BenseMax BenseMax Bense was a German philosopher, writer, and publicist, known for his work in philosophy of science, logic, aesthetics, and semiotics...
- George BerkeleyGeorge BerkeleyGeorge Berkeley , also known as Bishop Berkeley , was an Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism"...
- Cristina BicchieriCristina BicchieriCristina Bicchieri is the S.J.P. Harvie Professor of Social Thought and Comparative Ethics in the Philosophy Department at the University of Pennsylvania, and director of the Philosophy, Politics and Economics program. She is also a Professor in the Legal Sudies department of the Wharton School,...
- Michel BitbolMichel BitbolMichel Bitbol is a French researcher in philosophy of science, born on March 12, 1954.He is "Directeur de recherche" at CNRS, in the Centre de Recherche en Epistémologie Appliquée of École polytechnique ....
- Max BlackMax BlackMax Black was a British-American philosopher, who was a leading influential figure in analytic philosophy in the first half of the twentieth century. He made contributions to the philosophy of language, the philosophy of mathematics and science, and the philosophy of art, also publishing studies...
- Niels BohrNiels BohrNiels Henrik David Bohr was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr mentored and collaborated with many of the top physicists of the century at his institute in...
- Richard BoydRichard BoydRichard Newell Boyd is an American philosopher who has spent most of his career at Cornell University, though he also taught briefly at Harvard University, the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and the University of California, Berkeley...
- C. D. Broad
- Harvey BrownHarvey Brown (philosopher)Harvey R. Brown, is a philosopher of physics. He is professor of philosophy at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of Wolfson College, Oxford, as well as a Fellow of the British Academy....
- James Robert BrownJames Robert BrownJames Robert Brown is a Canadian philosopher of science. He is a Professor of philosophy at the University of Toronto. In the philosophy of mathematics, he has advocated mathematical Platonism, and in the philosophy of science he has defended scientific realism mostly against anti-realist views...
- Gerd BuchdahlGerd BuchdahlGerd Buchdahl was a German-English philosopher of science, born to German-Jewish parents in Mainz.The developing natural sciences were the causal lens through which he viewed and from which he wrote about the consequences on epistemology and the history of metaphysics...
- Mario BungeMario BungeMario Augusto Bunge is an Argentine philosopher and physicist mainly active in Canada.-Biography:Bunge began his studies at the National University of La Plata, graduating with a Ph.D. in physico-mathematical sciences in 1952. He was professor of theoretical physics and philosophy,...
- Edwin Arthur Burtt
- Matteo Campani-AlimenisMatteo Campani-AlimenisMatteo or Mathieu Campani-Alimenis was a mechanician and natural philosopher of the 17th century.He held a curacy at Rome in 1661, but devoted himself principally to scientific pursuits...
- Georges CanguilhemGeorges CanguilhemGeorges Canguilhem was a French philosopher and physician who specialized in epistemology and the philosophy of science .-Life and work:...
- Rudolf CarnapRudolf CarnapRudolf Carnap was an influential German-born philosopher who was active in Europe before 1935 and in the United States thereafter. He was a major member of the Vienna Circle and an advocate of logical positivism....
- Nancy CartwrightNancy Cartwright (philosopher)Nancy Cartwright FBA is a professor of philosophy at the London School of Economics and the University of California at San Diego, and a recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship...
- Jean CavaillèsJean CavaillesJean Cavaillès , was a French philosopher and mathematician, specialized in philosophy of science. He took part in the French Resistance within the Libération movement and was shot by the Gestapo on February 17, 1944....
- Auguste ComteAuguste ComteIsidore Auguste Marie François Xavier Comte , better known as Auguste Comte , was a French philosopher, a founder of the discipline of sociology and of the doctrine of positivism...
D–G
- Lindley DardenLindley DardenLindley Darden is a contemporary philosopher of science, with a research focus on the philosophy of biology. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1974 and B.A. in 1968 from Rhodes College, and is currently Distinguished Scholar Teacher at the University of...
- Daniel DennettDaniel DennettDaniel Clement Dennett is an American philosopher, writer and cognitive scientist whose research centers on the philosophy of mind, philosophy of science and philosophy of biology, particularly as those fields relate to evolutionary biology and cognitive science. He is currently the Co-director of...
- René DescartesRené DescartesRené Descartes ; was a French philosopher and writer who spent most of his adult life in the Dutch Republic. He has been dubbed the 'Father of Modern Philosophy', and much subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, which are studied closely to this day...
- John DeweyJohn DeweyJohn Dewey was an American philosopher, psychologist and educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. Dewey was an important early developer of the philosophy of pragmatism and one of the founders of functional psychology...
- Hugo DinglerHugo DinglerHugo Albert Emil Hermann Dingler . Dingler was a German scientist and philosopher.-Life:...
- Walter DubislavWalter DubislavWalter Dubislav was a German logician and philosopher of science...
- Pierre DuhemPierre DuhemPierre Maurice Marie Duhem was a French physicist, mathematician and philosopher of science, best known for his writings on the indeterminacy of experimental criteria and on scientific development in the Middle Ages...
- John DupréJohn DupréJohn Dupré is a professional philosopher of science. He is the director of the ESRC Centre for Genomics in Society and professor of philosophy at the University of Exeter. Dupré was educated at the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge and taught at Oxford, Stanford University and...
- John EarmanJohn EarmanJohn Earman is a philosopher of physics. He is currently an emeritus professor in the History and Philosophy of Science department at the University of Pittsburgh. He has also taught at UCLA, the Rockefeller University, and the University of Minnesota, and was president of the Philosophy of...
- Brian David EllisBrian David EllisBrian Ellis is an Emeritus Professor in the philosophy department at La Trobe University in Victoria, Australia. He is one of the major proponents of the New Essentialist school of philosophy of science ....
- Claus EmmecheClaus EmmecheClaus Emmeche is a Danish theoretical biologist and philosopher. He is associate professor at the University of Copenhagen, and is head of the Center for the Philosophy of Nature and Science Studies at the Faculty of Science .His research interests are in philosophy of science, especially...
- EmpedoclesEmpedoclesEmpedocles was a Greek pre-Socratic philosopher and a citizen of Agrigentum, a Greek city in Sicily. Empedocles' philosophy is best known for being the originator of the cosmogenic theory of the four Classical elements...
- EpicurusEpicurusEpicurus was an ancient Greek philosopher and the founder of the school of philosophy called Epicureanism.Only a few fragments and letters remain of Epicurus's 300 written works...
- Paul FeyerabendPaul FeyerabendPaul Karl Feyerabend was an Austrian-born philosopher of science best known for his work as a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, where he worked for three decades . He lived a peripatetic life, living at various times in England, the United States, New Zealand,...
- Arthur FineArthur FineArthur Fine is an American philosopher of science teaching at the University of Washington . Before moving to UW he taught for many years at Northwestern University and, before that, at Cornell University and the University of Illinois at Chicago...
- Ludwik FleckLudwik FleckLudwik Fleck was a Polish Israeli medical doctor and biologist who developed in the 1930s the concept of Denkkollektiv...
- Philipp FrankPhilipp FrankPhilipp Frank was a physicist, mathematician and also an influential philosopher during the first half of the 20th century. He was a logical-positivist, and a member of the Vienna Circle.He was born on 20 March 1884 in Vienna, Austria, and died on 21 July 1966 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA...
- Michael FriedmanMichael Friedman (philosopher)Michael Friedman is a philosopher of science interested in Immanuel Kant and the post-analytic movement in philosophy. Friedman earned his A.B from Queen's College in New York and his PhD from Princeton University. He is Frederick P. Rehmus Family Professor of Humanities at Stanford University...
- Steve Fuller
- Galileo GalileiGalileo GalileiGalileo Galilei , was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations and support for Copernicanism...
- Jerzy GiedyminJerzy GiedyminJerzy Giedymin was a philosopher and historian of mathematics and science.-Life:Giedymin, of Polish origin, was born in 1925.He studied at the University of Poznan under Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz...
- Ronald GiereRonald GiereRonald Giere is an American philosopher of science who is an emeritus professor of philosophy at the University of Minnesota. He is a Fellow of The AAAS, a long-time member of the editorial board of the journal Philosophy of Science, and a past president of the Philosophy of Science Association...
- John GoughJohn Gough (natural philosopher)John Gough was a blind English natural and experimental philosopher who is known for his own investigations as well as the influence he had on both John Dalton and William Whewell.-Life:...
- Edward GrantEdward GrantEdward Grant is an American historian. He was named a Distinguished Professor in 1983. Other honors include the 1992 George Sarton Medal, for "a lifetime scholarly achievement" as an historian of science.-Biography:...
- James R. GriesemerJames R. GriesemerJames R. Griesemer is Professor and Chair of the Department of Philosophy at the University of California, Davis in Davis, California. He received his PhD in 1983 in the Conceptual Foundations of Science at the University of Chicago...
- Robert GrossetesteRobert GrossetesteRobert Grosseteste or Grossetete was an English statesman, scholastic philosopher, theologian and Bishop of Lincoln. He was born of humble parents at Stradbroke in Suffolk. A.C...
- Adolf GrünbaumAdolf GrünbaumAdolf Grünbaum is a philosopher of science and a critic of psychoanalysis. He is also well-known as a critic of Karl Popper's philosophy of science....
- Dominicus GundissalinusDominicus GundissalinusDominicus Gundissalinus also known as Domingo Gundisalvo may have been a converted Jew and was the archdeacon of Segovia, Spain and a scholastic philosopher...
H–L
- Ian HackingIan HackingIan Hacking, CC, FRSC, FBA is a Canadian philosopher, specializing in the philosophy of science.- Life and works :...
- Paul HaeberlinPaul HaeberlinPaul Haeberlin was a philosopher who at different times in his career took the standpoint that either religion or theoretical knowledge was the answer to human problems. He always gave philosophy an important role, but religion was to him the only way man could understand his real position in...
- Norwood Russell HansonNorwood Russell HansonNorwood Russell Hanson was a philosopher of science. Hanson was a pioneer in advancing the argument that observation is theory-laden – that observation language and theory language are deeply interwoven – and that historical and contemporary comprehension are similarly deeply interwoven...
- Horace Romano Harré
- Friedrich HayekFriedrich HayekFriedrich August Hayek CH , born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek, was an economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism and free-market capitalism against socialist and collectivist thought...
- Werner HeisenbergWerner HeisenbergWerner Karl Heisenberg was a German theoretical physicist who made foundational contributions to quantum mechanics and is best known for asserting the uncertainty principle of quantum theory...
- Carl Gustav HempelCarl Gustav HempelCarl Gustav "Peter" Hempel was a philosopher of science and a major figure in 20th-century logical empiricism...
- Mary HesseMary HesseMary Brenda Hesse is a contemporary English philosopher of science. She is now professor emerita of the philosophy of science at Cambridge University....
- Boris HessenBoris HessenBoris Mikhailovich Hessen , also Gessen was a Soviet physicist, philosopher and historian of science...
- Gerald HoltonGerald HoltonGerald Holton is Mallinckrodt Research Professor of Physics and Research Professor of the History of Science, Emeritus, at Harvard University.Born 1922 in Berlin, he grew up in Vienna before emigrating in 1938...
- David HullDavid HullDavid Lee Hull was a philosopher with a particular interest in the philosophy of biology. In addition to his academic prominence, he was well-known as a gay man who fought for the rights of other gay and lesbian philosophers....
- David HumeDavid HumeDavid Hume was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, known especially for his philosophical empiricism and skepticism. He was one of the most important figures in the history of Western philosophy and the Scottish Enlightenment...
- Edmund HusserlEdmund HusserlEdmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl was a philosopher and mathematician and the founder of the 20th century philosophical school of phenomenology. He broke with the positivist orientation of the science and philosophy of his day, yet he elaborated critiques of historicism and of psychologism in logic...
- Vladimir HüttVladimir HüttVladimir Hütt was an Estonian philosopher. He was born in Russia and returned to Estonia after the annexation of Estonia by the USSR. Hütt, a physicist by education, mostly dealt with philosophy of physics, scientific world-view and the theory of cognition...
- Don IhdeDon IhdeDon Ihde is a philosopher of science and technology, and a post-phenomenologist. In 1979 he wrote what is often identified as the first North American work on philosophy of technology, Technics and Praxis. Ihde is Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at the State University of New York at Stony...
- Karl JaspersKarl JaspersKarl Theodor Jaspers was a German psychiatrist and philosopher who had a strong influence on modern theology, psychiatry and philosophy. After being trained in and practicing psychiatry, Jaspers turned to philosophical inquiry and attempted to discover an innovative philosophical system...
- Edward Jones-ImhotepEdward Jones-ImhotepEdward Jones-Imhotep is a historian of science, academic and currently an assistant professor at York University. He received a B.A. in International Studies from Glendon College in 1995 and a Ph.D. from Harvard in 2001. He was a recipient of the Mellon Fellowship from the Andrew W...
- Friedrich KambartelFriedrich Kambartel-Biography:Kambartel studied mathematics, physics, chemistry and philosophy at the University of Münster, where he received his PhD and his “habilitation”, the postdoctoral lecture qualification...
- Immanuel KantImmanuel KantImmanuel Kant was a German philosopher from Königsberg , researching, lecturing and writing on philosophy and anthropology at the end of the 18th Century Enlightenment....
- Bonifaty KedrovBonifaty KedrovBonifaty Mikhailovich Kedrov was a notable Soviet researcher, philosopher, logician, chemist and psychologist. He joined the Bolsheviks in 1918.Kedrov had a Doctor of Philosophy degree and specialized in philosophical questions of the natural sciences...
- Evelyn Fox KellerEvelyn Fox KellerEvelyn Fox Keller is an American physicist, author and feminist. She is currently a Professor of History and Philosophy of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Keller has also taught at the State University of New York at Purchase, New York University and in the department of...
- Robert KilwardbyRobert KilwardbyRobert Kilwardby was an Archbishop of Canterbury in England and as well as a cardinal.-Life:Kilwardby studied at the University of Paris, then was a teacher of grammar and logic there. He then joined the Dominican Order and studied theology, and became regent at Oxford University before 1261,...
- Philip Kitcher
- Alexandre KoyréAlexandre KoyréAlexandre Koyré , sometimes anglicised as Alexander Koiré, was a French philosopher of Russian origin who wrote on the history and philosophy of science.-Life:...
- Thomas Samuel Kuhn
- Imre LakatosImre LakatosImre Lakatos was a Hungarian philosopher of mathematics and science, known for his thesis of the fallibility of mathematics and its 'methodology of proofs and refutations' in its pre-axiomatic stages of development, and also for introducing the concept of the 'research programme' in his...
- Ervin LászlóErvin LászlóErvin László is a Hungarian philosopher of science, systems theorist, integral theorist, originally a classical pianist. He has published about 75 books and over 400 papers, and is editor of World Futures: The Journal of General Evolution...
- Larry LaudanLarry LaudanLarry Laudan is a contemporary philosopher of science and epistemologist. He has strongly criticized the traditions of positivism, realism, and relativism, and he has defended a view of science as a privileged and progressive institution against popular challenges...
- Dominique LecourtDominique LecourtDominique Lecourt is a French philosopher and editor born on 5 February 1944 in Paris. He is known in the anglophone world primarily for his work developing a materialist interpretation of the philosophy of science of Gaston Bachelard....
- Peter Lewis
- Peter LiptonPeter LiptonPeter Lipton was the Hans Rausing Professor and Head of the Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Cambridge University, and a fellow of King's College, until his unexpected death in November 2007...
- Elisabeth LloydElisabeth LloydElisabeth Anne Lloyd is a philosopher of biology. She currently holds the Arnold and Maxine Tanis Chair of History and Philosophy of Science and is also Professor of Biology, Adjunct Professor of Philosophy at Indiana University, Affiliated Faculty Scholar at the Kinsey Institute for Research in...
- Helen LonginoHelen LonginoHelen E. Longino is an American philosopher of science who has argued influentially for the significance of values and social interactions to scientific inquiry.-Career:...
M–R
- Ernst MachErnst MachErnst Mach was an Austrian physicist and philosopher, noted for his contributions to physics such as the Mach number and the study of shock waves...
- Alasdair MacIntyreAlasdair MacIntyreAlasdair Chalmers MacIntyre is a British philosopher primarily known for his contribution to moral and political philosophy but known also for his work in history of philosophy and theology...
- Henry MargenauHenry MargenauHenry Margenau was a German-U.S. physicist, and philosopher of science.-Early life:Born Bielefeld, Germany, Margenau obtained his bachelor's degree from Midland Lutheran College, Nebraska before his M.Sc...
- John Stuart MillJohn Stuart MillJohn Stuart Mill was a British philosopher, economist and civil servant. An influential contributor to social theory, political theory, and political economy, his conception of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state control. He was a proponent of...
- Philip MirowskiPhilip MirowskiPhilip Mirowski is a historian and philosopher of economic thought at the University of Notre Dame. He received a PhD in Economics from the University of Michigan in 1979.-Career:...
- Sandra MitchellSandra MitchellSandra D. Mitchell is an American philosopher and historian of ideas and professor of the History and Philosophy of Science at the University of Pittsburgh...
- Taketani MitsuoTaketani Mitsuowas a prominent Japanese physicist and Marxist. He published his Doctrine of the Three Stages of Scientific Development in 1936. This was the first Japanese contribution to the philosophy of science. He applied Hegel's theory of dialectics, with the triad Phenomenon, Substance, and Essence...
- Jesús MosterínJesús MosterínJesús Mosterín is a leading Spanish philosopher and a thinker of broad spectrum, often at the frontier between science and philosophy.-Biography:He was born in Bilbao in 1941. He studied in Spain, Germany and the USA...
- Yoichiro MurakamiYoichiro Murakamiborn in Tokyo, Japan on September 9, 1936, is a Japanese scholar. He specializes in the areas of history of science and philosophy of science.Murakami studied at the Hibiya High School before attaining his undergraduate degree at Tokyo University in the field of education...
- Ernest NagelErnest NagelErnest Nagel was a Czech-American philosopher of science. Along with Rudolf Carnap, Hans Reichenbach, and Carl Hempel, he is sometimes seen as one of the major figures of the logical positivist movement....
- Otto NeurathOtto NeurathOtto Neurath was an Austrian philosopher of science, sociologist, and political economist...
- Isaac NewtonIsaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton PRS was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian, who has been "considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived."...
- William Newton-SmithWilliam Newton-SmithWilliam Herbert Newton-Smith is an Anglo-Canadian philosopher of science.His undergraduate degree from Queen's University was in Mathematics and Philosophy, in 1966. He took an MA from Cornell University in Philosophy, in 1968, and a DPhil in philosophy from Balliol College, Oxford, in 1974...
- Ilkka NiiniluotoIlkka NiiniluotoIlkka Maunu Olavi Niiniluoto is a Finnish philosopher and mathematician, serving as a professor of philosophy at the University of Helsinki since 1981. He is currently on leave from his position, having been appointed as rector of the University of Helsinki on August 1, 2003 for a five-year period...
- Arthur PapArthur PapArthur Pap was a philosopher in the school of analytic philosophy. Pap published a number of books regarding analytical philosophy, its function within philosophy, and its impact on society....
- David PapineauDavid PapineauDavid Papineau is an academic philosopher. He works as Professor of Philosophy of Science at King's College London, having previously taught for several years at Cambridge University and been a fellow of Robinson College, Cambridge...
- Roger PenroseRoger PenroseSir Roger Penrose OM FRS is an English mathematical physicist and Emeritus Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics at the Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford and Emeritus Fellow of Wadham College...
- Henri PoincaréHenri PoincaréJules Henri Poincaré was a French mathematician, theoretical physicist, engineer, and a philosopher of science...
- Michael PolanyiMichael PolanyiMichael Polanyi, FRS was a Hungarian–British polymath, who made important theoretical contributions to physical chemistry, economics, and the theory of knowledge...
- Karl PopperKarl PopperSir Karl Raimund Popper, CH FRS FBA was an Austro-British philosopher and a professor at the London School of Economics...
- Hilary PutnamHilary PutnamHilary Whitehall Putnam is an American philosopher, mathematician and computer scientist, who has been a central figure in analytic philosophy since the 1960s, especially in philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, philosophy of mathematics, and philosophy of science...
- Willard Van Orman QuineWillard Van Orman QuineWillard Van Orman Quine was an American philosopher and logician in the analytic tradition...
- Frank P. RamseyFrank P. RamseyFrank Plumpton Ramsey was a British mathematician who, in addition to mathematics, made significant and precocious contributions in philosophy and economics before his death at the age of 26...
- Jerome RavetzJerome RavetzJerome Ravetz is an environmental consultant and academic.He has written on the philosophy of science. He is best known for his books challenging the assumptions of scientific objectivity, discussing the science wars and post-normal science...
- Rupert ReadRupert ReadRupert Read is an academic and a Green Party politician in England. He is currently a city councillor in Norwich, and a Reader in Philosophy at the University of East Anglia.Read comments regularly through the Eastern Daily Press 'One World Column'...
- Hans ReichenbachHans ReichenbachHans Reichenbach was a leading philosopher of science, educator and proponent of logical empiricism...
- Kurt RiezlerKurt RiezlerKurt Riezler was a German philosopher and diplomat. A top-level cabinet adviser in the German Empire and the Weimar Republic, he negotiated Germany's underwriting of Russia's October Revolution and authored the 1914 September Program which outlined German war aims during World War I...
- Louis RougierLouis RougierLouis Auguste Paul Rougier was a French philosopher. Rougier made many important contributions to epistemology, philosophy of science, political philosophy and the history of Christianity.-Biography:Rougier was born in Lyon...
- Sherrilyn RoushSherrilyn RoushSherrilyn Roush is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at U. C. Berkeley specializing in the Philosophy of Science and Epistemology.Tracking Truth presents a unified treatment of knowledge, evidence, and epistemological realism and anti-realism about science, based on the idea that knowing is...
- Michael RuseMichael RuseMichael Ruse is a philosopher of biology at Florida State University, and is well known for his work on the creationism/evolution controversy and the demarcation problem in science...
S–Z
- Wesley C. SalmonWesley C. SalmonWesley C. Salmon was a metaphysician and contemporary philosopher of science concerned primarily with the topics of causation and explanation....
- Moritz SchlickMoritz SchlickFriedrich Albert Moritz Schlick was a German philosopher, physicist and the founding father of logical positivism and the Vienna Circle.-Early life and works:...
- Michael ScrivenMichael ScrivenMichael Scriven is a British-born academic, with a first degree in mathematics and a doctorate in philosophy. He has made significant contributions in the fields of philosophy, psychology, critical thinking, and, most notably, evaluation .He has produced over 400 scholarly publications and has...
- Neven SesardicNeven SesardicNeven Sesardić is a Croatian philosopher who has argued in favor of biological interpretations of the concept of race and against same-sex marriage.- Life and career :...
- Abner ShimonyAbner ShimonyAbner Shimony is an American physicist and philosopher of science specializing in quantum theory.-Career:Shimony obtained his BA in Mathematics and Philosophy from Yale University in 1948, and an MA in Philosophy from the University of Chicago in 1950. He obtained his Ph.D...
- Wolfgang SmithWolfgang SmithWolfgang Smith is a mathematician, physicist, philosopher of science, metaphysician, Roman Catholic and member of the Traditionalist School...
- Elliott SoberElliott SoberElliott Sober is Hans Reichenbach Professor and William F. Vilas Research Professor in the Department of Philosophy at University of Wisconsin–Madison. Sober is noted for his work in philosophy of biology and general philosophy of science. Sober taught for one year at Stanford University and has...
- Herbert SpencerHerbert SpencerHerbert Spencer was an English philosopher, biologist, sociologist, and prominent classical liberal political theorist of the Victorian era....
- David N. StamosDavid N. StamosDavid N. Stamos is a philosopher of science and teaches in the Philosophy Department at York University He studied in York University, where he received his Ph.D. in 1996." He emphasizes a interdisciplinary approach for philosophy: "To answer a question such as, for example, What is human...
- Kyle StanfordKyle StanfordKyle Stanford is an American philosophy professor who specializes in the philosophy of science.He earned his B.A. with Honors in Philosophy and Psychology from Northwestern University in 1991, and his M.A. and Ph. D...
- Wolfgang StegmüllerWolfgang StegmüllerWolfgang Stegmüller , was a German-Austrian philosopher with important contributions in philosophy of science and in analytic philosophy.-Biography:...
- David StenhouseDavid StenhouseDavid Stenhouse was born in Sutton, Surrey, England on 23 May 1932. He proposed the "4-factor" theory of evolutionary intelligence and was active in ethology, education, evolutionary biology and philosophy of science in Australia and New Zealand....
- Gunther StentGunther StentGunther S. Stent was Graduate Professor of Molecular Biology at the University of California, Berkeley. He was born in Berlin as "Günter Siegmund Stensch"; the name was changed after the migration to the USA...
- David StoveDavid StoveDavid Charles Stove , was an Australian philosopher of science.His work in philosophy of science included detailed criticisms of David Hume's inductive skepticism, as well as what he regarded as the irrationalism of his disciplinary contemporaries Karl Popper, Thomas Kuhn, Imre Lakatos, and Paul...
- Patrick SuppesPatrick SuppesPatrick Colonel Suppes is an American philosopher who has made significant contributions to philosophy of science, the theory of measurement, the foundations of quantum mechanics, decision theory, psychology, and educational technology...
- Richard SwinburneRichard SwinburneRichard G. Swinburne is an Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford. Over the last 50 years Swinburne has been a very influential proponent of philosophical arguments for the existence of God. His philosophical contributions are primarily in philosophy of religion and...
- ThucydidesThucydidesThucydides was a Greek historian and author from Alimos. His History of the Peloponnesian War recounts the 5th century BC war between Sparta and Athens to the year 411 BC...
- Mary TilesMary TilesMary Tiles is a philosopher and historian of mathematics and science. she is professor and chair in the philosophy department of the University of Hawaii at Manoa.-Life:...
- Roberto TorrettiRoberto TorrettiRoberto Torretti is a Chilean philosopher, author and academic who is internationally renowned for his contributions to the history of philosophy, physics and mathematics.-Biography:...
- Stephen ToulminStephen ToulminStephen Edelston Toulmin was a British philosopher, author, and educator. Influenced by Ludwig Wittgenstein, Toulmin devoted his works to the analysis of moral reasoning. Throughout his writings, he sought to develop practical arguments which can be used effectively in evaluating the ethics behind...
- Raimo TuomelaRaimo TuomelaRaimo Tuomela is a Finnish philosopher. Tuomela received his first degree of doctor of philosophy in 1968 from the University of Helsinki) and the second one in 1969 from Stanford University...
- Bas van Fraassen
- Carl Friedrich von WeizsäckerCarl Friedrich von WeizsäckerCarl Friedrich Freiherr von Weizsäcker was a German physicist and philosopher. He was the longest-living member of the research team which performed nuclear research in Germany during the Second World War, under Werner Heisenberg's leadership...
- Jules VuilleminJules VuilleminJules Vuillemin was a French philosopher, succeeding to Maurice Merleau-Ponty at the Collège de France from 1962 to his death. A friend of Michel Foucault, he supported his election at the College, and was also close to Michel Serres...
- John W. N. WatkinsJohn W. N. WatkinsJohn William Nevill Watkins was an English philosopher, a professor at the London School of Economics from 1966 until his retirement in 1989 and a prominent proponent of Critical rationalism....
- William WhewellWilliam WhewellWilliam Whewell was an English polymath, scientist, Anglican priest, philosopher, theologian, and historian of science. He was Master of Trinity College, Cambridge.-Life and career:Whewell was born in Lancaster...
- Alfred North WhiteheadAlfred North WhiteheadAlfred North Whitehead, OM FRS was an English mathematician who became a philosopher. He wrote on algebra, logic, foundations of mathematics, philosophy of science, physics, metaphysics, and education...
- Phillip H. WiebePhillip H. WiebePhillip H. Wiebe is the former Chair of the Department of Philosophy, Professor of Philosophy and former Dean of Arts and Religious Studies at Trinity Western University and its School of Graduate Studies. He is the author of God and Other Spirits and Visions of Jesus, both from Oxford University...
- Wilhelm WindelbandWilhelm WindelbandWilhelm Windelband was a German philosopher of the Baden School.Windelband is now mainly remembered for the terms nomothetic and idiographic, which he introduced. These have currency in psychology and other areas, though not necessarily in line with his original meanings...
- Wilhelm WundtWilhelm WundtWilhelm Maximilian Wundt was a German physician, psychologist, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology. He is widely regarded as the "father of experimental psychology"...
- Alison WylieAlison WylieAlison Wylie is a Canadian feminist philosopher of science at the University of Washington, Seattle. In her own words, Wylie describes her interests in the following:...