A

• Abarognosis
  Abarognosis
  Abarognosis is a loss of the ability to detect the weight of an object held in the hand or to tell the difference in weight between two objects. This deficit may be caused by damage to the parietal lobe on the side of the brain opposite of the deficit...
  
  
• Acquired Epileptiform Aphasia
• Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
  Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
  Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is an immune mediated disease of the brain. It usually occurs following a viral infection but may appear following vaccination, bacterial or parasitic infection, or even appear spontaneously. As it involves autoimmune demyelination, it is similar to multiple...
  
  
• Adrenoleukodystrophy
  Adrenoleukodystrophy
  Adrenoleukodystrophy is a rare, inherited disorder that leads to progressive brain damage, failure of the adrenal glands and eventually death. ALD is a disease in a group of genetic disorders called leukodystrophies, whose chief feature is damage to myelin...
  
  
• Agenesis of the corpus callosum
  Agenesis of the corpus callosum
  Agenesis of the corpus callosum is a rare birth defect in which there is a complete or partial absence of the corpus callosum. Agenesis of the corpus callosum occurs when the corpus callosum, the band of white matter connecting the two hemispheres in the brain, fails to develop normally,...
  
  
• Agnosia
  Agnosia
  Agnosia is a loss of ability to recognize objects, persons, sounds, shapes, or smells while the specific sense is not defective nor is there any significant memory loss...
  
  
• Aicardi syndrome
  Aicardi syndrome
  Aicardi syndrome is a rare genetic malformation syndrome characterized by the partial or complete absence of a key structure in the brain called the corpus callosum, the presence of retinal abnormalities, and seizures in the form of infantile spasms...
  
  
• Akathisia
  Akathisia
  Akathisia, or acathisia, is a syndrome characterized by unpleasant sensations of inner restlessness that manifests itself with an inability to sit still or remain motionless...
  
  
• Alexander disease
  Alexander disease
  Alexander disease is a slowly progressing and fatal neurodegenerative disease. It is a very rare disorder which results from a genetic mutation and mostly affects infants and children, causing developmental delay and changes in physical characteristics....
  
  
• Alien hand syndrome
  Alien hand syndrome
  Alien hand syndrome is a neurological disorder in which the afflicted person's hand appears to take on a mind of its own...
  
  
• Allochiria
  Allochiria
  Allochiria is associated to spatial transpositions, usually symmetrical, of stimuli from one side of the body to the opposite one. It is a neurological disorder in which the patient responds to stimuli presented to one side of their body as if the stimuli had been presented at the opposite side...
  
  
• Alpers' disease
  Alpers' disease
  Alpers' disease, also called Alpers' syndrome, progressive sclerosing poliodystrophy, and progressive infantile poliodystrophy, is a progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system that occurs mostly in infants and children. It is an autosomal recessive disorder that is sometimes...
  
  
• Alternating hemiplegia
  Alternating hemiplegia
  Alternating hemiplegia refers to a form of hemiplegia that has an ipsilateral and contralateral presentation in different parts of the body. The disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of paralysis on one side of the body. This type of syndrome can result from a unilateral lesion in the...
  
  
• Alzheimer's disease
  Alzheimer's disease
  Alzheimer's disease also known in medical literature as Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia. There is no cure for the disease, which worsens as it progresses, and eventually leads to death...
  
  
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (see Motor Neurone Disease
  Motor neurone disease
  The motor neurone diseases are a group of neurological disorders that selectively affect motor neurones, the cells that control voluntary muscle activity including speaking, walking, breathing, swallowing and general movement of the body. They are generally progressive in nature, and can cause...
  
  )
• Anencephaly
  Anencephaly
  Anencephaly is a cephalic disorder that results from a neural tube defect that occurs when the cephalic end of the neural tube fails to close, usually between the 23rd and 26th day of pregnancy, resulting in the absence of a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp...
  
  
• Angelman syndrome
  Angelman syndrome
  Angelman syndrome is a neuro-genetic disorder characterized by intellectual and developmental delay, sleep disturbance, seizures, jerky movements , frequent laughter or smiling, and usually a happy demeanor....
  
  
• Angiomatosis
  Angiomatosis
  Angiomatosis is a non-neoplastic condition presenting with little knots of capillaries in various organs. It consists of many angiomas. It is also known as Von Hippel-Lindau Disease and is a rare genetic multi system disorder characterized by the abnormal growth of tumours in the body...
  
  
• Anoxia
  Hypoxia (medical)
  Hypoxia, or hypoxiation, is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. Variations in arterial oxygen concentrations can be part of the normal physiology, for example, during strenuous physical exercise...
  
  
• Aphasia
  Aphasia
  Aphasia is an impairment of language ability. This class of language disorder ranges from having difficulty remembering words to being completely unable to speak, read, or write....
  
  
• Apraxia
  Apraxia
  Apraxia is a disorder caused by damage to specific areas of the cerebrum. Apraxia is characterized by loss of the ability to execute or carry out learned purposeful movements, despite having the desire and the physical ability to perform the movements...
  
  
• Arachnoid cyst
  Arachnoid cyst
  Arachnoid cysts are cerebrospinal fluid covered by arachnoidal cells and collagen that may develop between the surface of the brain and the cranial base or on the arachnoid membrane, one of the three membranes that cover the brain and the spinal cord...
  
  s
• Arachnoiditis
  Arachnoiditis
  Arachnoiditis is a neuropathic disease caused by the inflammation of the arachnoid, one of the membranes that surround and protect the nerves of the central nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord...
  
  
• Arnold-Chiari malformation
  Arnold-Chiari malformation
  Arnold–Chiari malformation, or often simply Chiari malformation, is a malformation of the brain. It consists of a downward displacement of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum , sometimes causing non-communicating hydrocephalus as a result of obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid outflow...
  
  
• Arteriovenous malformation
  Arteriovenous malformation
  Arteriovenous malformation or AVM is an abnormal connection between veins and arteries, usually congenital. This pathology is widely known because of its occurrence in the central nervous system, but can appear in any location. An arteriovenous malformation is a vascular anomaly. It is a...
  
  
• Ataxia Telangiectasia
  Ataxia telangiectasia
  Ataxia telangiectasia is a rare, neurodegenerative, inherited disease that affects many parts of the body and causes severe disability. Ataxia refers to poor coordination and telangiectasia to small dilated blood vessels, both of which are hallmarks of the disease...
  
  
• Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• Auditory processing disorder
  Auditory processing disorder
  Auditory Processing Disorder , also known as Central Auditory Processing Disorder is an umbrella term for a variety of disorders that affect the way the brain processes auditory information. It is not a peripheral hearing disorder as individuals with APD usually have normal peripheral hearing...
  
  
• Autonomic Dysfunction

B

• Back Pain
  Back pain
  Back pain is pain felt in the back that usually originates from the muscles, nerves, bones, joints or other structures in the spine.The pain can often be divided into neck pain, upper back pain, lower back pain or tailbone pain...
  
  
• Batten disease
  Batten disease
  Batten disease is a rare, fatal autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder that begins in childhood...
  
  
• Behcet's disease
  Behçet's disease
  Behçet's disease is a rare immune-mediated systemic vasculitis that often presents with mucous membrane ulceration and ocular involvements...
  
  
• Bell's palsy
  Bell's palsy
  Bell's palsy is a form of facial paralysis resulting from a dysfunction of the cranial nerve VII that results in the inability to control facial muscles on the affected side. Several conditions can cause facial paralysis, e.g., brain tumor, stroke, and Lyme disease. However, if no specific cause...
  
  
• Benign Essential Blepharospasm
• Benign Intracranial Hypertension
• Bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria
• Binswanger's disease
  Binswanger's disease
  Binswanger's disease is a form of small vessel vascular dementia caused by damage to the white brain matter. White matter atrophy can be caused by many circumstances including chronic hypertension as well as old age. This disease is characterized by loss of memory and intellectual function and by...
  
  
• Blepharospasm
  Blepharospasm
  A blepharospasm , is any abnormal contraction or twitch of the eyelid....
  
  
• Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome
• Brachial plexus injury
  Brachial plexus injury
  The brachial plexus is a network of nerves that conducts signals from the spinal cord, which is housed in the spinal canal of the vertebral column , to the shoulder, arm and hand. These nerves originate in the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth cervical , and first thoracic spinal nerves, and...
  
  
• Brain abscess
  Brain abscess
  Brain abscess is an abscess caused by inflammation and collection of infected material, coming from local or remote infectious sources, within the brain tissue...
  
  
• Brain damage
  Brain damage
  "Brain damage" or "brain injury" is the destruction or degeneration of brain cells. Brain injuries occur due to a wide range of internal and external factors...
  
  
• Brain injury
  Head injury
  Head injury refers to trauma of the head. This may or may not include injury to the brain. However, the terms traumatic brain injury and head injury are often used interchangeably in medical literature....
  
  
• Brain tumor
  Brain tumor
  A brain tumor is an intracranial solid neoplasm, a tumor within the brain or the central spinal canal.Brain tumors include all tumors inside the cranium or in the central spinal canal...
  
  
• Brown-Séquard syndrome
  Brown-Séquard syndrome
  Brown-Séquard syndrome, also known as Brown-Séquard's hemiplegia and Brown-Séquard's paralysis, is a loss of sensation and motor function that is caused by the lateral hemisection of the spinal cord...
  
  

C

• Canavan disease
  Canavan disease
  Canavan disease, also called Canavan-Van Bogaert-Bertrand disease, aspartoacylase deficiency or aminoacylase 2 deficiency, is an autosomal recessive degenerative disorder that causes progressive damage to nerve cells in the brain. Canavan disease is also one of the most common degenerative...
  
  
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
  Carpal tunnel syndrome
  Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is an entrapment idiopathic median neuropathy, causing paresthesia, pain, and other symptoms in the distribution of the median nerve due to its compression at the wrist in the carpal tunnel. The pathophysiology is not completely understood but can be considered compression...
  
  
• Causalgia
• Central pain syndrome
  Central pain syndrome
  Central pain syndrome is a neurological condition caused by damage or malfunction in the Central Nervous System which causes a sensitization of the pain system. The extent of pain and the areas affected are related to the cause of the injury, which can include trauma, tumors, stroke, Multiple...
  
  
• Central pontine myelinolysis
  Central pontine myelinolysis
  Central pontine myelinolysis is neurological disease caused by severe damage of the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the brainstem, more precisely in the area termed the pons, predominately of iatrogenic etiology...
  
  
• Centronuclear myopathy
  Centronuclear myopathy
  Centronuclear myopathies are a group of congenital myopathies where cell nuclei are abnormally located in skeletal muscle cells. In CNM the nuclei are located at a position in the center of the cell, instead of their normal location at the periphery....
  
  
• Cephalic disorder
  Cephalic disorder
  Cephalic disorders are congenital conditions that stem from damage to, or abnormal development of, the budding nervous system...
  
  
• Cerebral aneurysm
  Cerebral aneurysm
  A cerebral or brain aneurysm is a cerebrovascular disorder in which weakness in the wall of a cerebral artery or vein causes a localized dilation or ballooning of the blood vessel.- Signs and symptoms :...
  
  
• Cerebral arteriosclerosis
• Cerebral atrophy
  Cerebral atrophy
  Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain. Atrophy of any tissue means loss of cells. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them...
  
  
• Cerebral gigantism
• Cerebral palsy
  Cerebral palsy
  Cerebral palsy is an umbrella term encompassing a group of non-progressive, non-contagious motor conditions that cause physical disability in human development, chiefly in the various areas of body movement....
  
  
• Cerebral vasculitis
  Cerebral vasculitis
  Cerebral vasculitis or central nervous system vasculitis is vasculitis involving the brain and occasionally the spinal cord...
  
  
• Cervical spinal stenosis
  Cervical spinal stenosis
  Cervical spinal stenosis is a bone disease involving the narrowing of the spinal canal at the level of the neck. It is frequently due to chronic degeneration, but may also be congenital. Treatment is frequently surgical....
  
  
• Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
  Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
  Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease- , known also as Morbus Charcot-Marie-Tooth, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy , hereditary sensorimotor neuropathy , or peroneal muscular atrophy, is an inherited disorder of nerves that takes different forms...
  
  
• Chiari malformation
• Chorea
  Chorea (disease)
  Choreia is an abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias. The term choreia is derived from the Greek word χορεία , see choreia , as the quick movements of the feet or hands are vaguely comparable to dancing or piano playing.The term...
  
  
• Chronic fatigue syndrome
  Chronic fatigue syndrome
  Chronic fatigue syndrome is the most common name used to designate a significantly debilitating medical disorder or group of disorders generally defined by persistent fatigue accompanied by other specific symptoms for a minimum of six months, not due to ongoing exertion, not substantially...
  
  
• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
  Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
  Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy is an acquired immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The disorder is sometimes called chronic relapsing polyneuropathy. CIDP is closely related to Guillain-Barré syndrome and it is considered the chronic...
  
   (CIDP)
• Chronic pain
  Chronic pain
  Chronic pain has several different meanings in medicine. Traditionally, the distinction between acute and chronic pain has relied upon an arbitrary interval of time from onset; the two most commonly used markers being 3 months and 6 months since the initiation of pain, though some theorists and...
  
  
• Coffin–Lowry syndrome
• Coma
  Coma
  In medicine, a coma is a state of unconsciousness, lasting more than 6 hours in which a person cannot be awakened, fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light or sound, lacks a normal sleep-wake cycle and does not initiate voluntary actions. A person in a state of coma is described as...
  
  
• Complex regional pain syndrome
  Complex regional pain syndrome
  Complex regional pain syndrome is a chronic progressive disease characterized by severe pain, swelling and changes in the skin. It often affects an arm or a leg and may spread to another part of the body.Though treatment is often unsatisfactory, early multimodal therapy can cause dramatic...
  
  
• Compression neuropathy
• Congenital facial diplegia
• Corticobasal degeneration
  Corticobasal degeneration
  Corticobasal degeneration or Corticobasal Ganglionic Degeneration is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disease involving the cerebral cortex and the basal ganglia. It is characterized by marked disorders in movement and cognitive dysfunction...
  
  
• Cranial arteritis
• Craniosynostosis
  Craniosynostosis
  Craniosynostosis is a condition in which one or more of the fibrous sutures in an infant skull prematurely fuses by ossification, thereby changing the growth pattern of the skull...
  
  
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
  Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
  Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease or CJD is a degenerative neurological disorder that is incurable and invariably fatal. CJD is at times called a human form of mad cow disease, given that bovine spongiform encephalopathy is believed to be the cause of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease in humans.CJD...
  
  
• Cumulative trauma disorders
• Cushing's syndrome
  Cushing's syndrome
  Cushing's syndrome is a hormone disorder caused by high levels of cortisol in the blood. This can be caused by taking glucocorticoid drugs, or by tumors that produce cortisol or adrenocorticotropic hormone or CRH...
  
  
• Cytomegalic inclusion body disease
  Cytomegalic inclusion body disease
  Cytomegalic inclusion body disease is a series of signs and symptoms caused by cytomegalovirus infection, toxoplasmosis or other rare infections such as herpes or rubella viruses. It can produce massive calcification of the central nervous system, and often the kidneys....
  
   (CIBD)
• Cytomegalovirus Infection
  Cytomegalovirus
  Cytomegalovirus is a viral genus of the viral group known as Herpesviridae or herpesviruses. It is typically abbreviated as CMV: The species that infects humans is commonly known as human CMV or human herpesvirus-5 , and is the most studied of all cytomegaloviruses...
  
  

D

• Dandy-Walker syndrome
  Dandy-Walker syndrome
  Dandy–Walker syndrome , or Dandy–Walker complex, is a congenital brain malformation involving the cerebellum and the fluid filled spaces around it. A key feature of this syndrome is the partial or even complete absence of the part of the brain located between the two cerebellar hemispheres...
  
  
• Dawson disease
• De Morsier's syndrome
• Dejerine-Klumpke palsy
• Dejerine-Sottas disease
• Delayed sleep phase syndrome
  Delayed sleep phase syndrome
  Delayed sleep-phase syndrome , also known as delayed sleep-phase disorder or delayed sleep-phase type , is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder, a chronic disorder of the timing of sleep, peak period of alertness, the core body temperature rhythm, hormonal and other daily rhythms, compared to the...
  
  
• Dementia
  Dementia
  Dementia is a serious loss of cognitive ability in a previously unimpaired person, beyond what might be expected from normal aging...
  
  
• Dermatomyositis
  Dermatomyositis
  Dermatomyositis is a connective-tissue disease related to polymyositis and Bramaticosis that is characterized by inflammation of the muscles and the skin.- Causes :...
  
  
• Developmental dyspraxia
• Diabetic neuropathy
  Diabetic neuropathy
  Diabetic neuropathies are neuropathic disorders that are associated with diabetes mellitus. These conditions are thought to result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves in addition to macrovascular conditions that can culminate in diabetic neuropathy...
  
  
• Diffuse sclerosis
• Dravet syndrome
• Dysautonomia
  Dysautonomia
  Dysautonomia is a broad term that describes any disease or malfunction of the autonomic nervous system. This includes postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome , inappropriate sinus tachycardia , vasovagal syncope, mitral valve prolapse dysautonomia, pure autonomic failure, neurocardiogenic...
  
  
• Dyscalculia
  Dyscalculia
  Dyscalculia is a specific learning disability involving innate difficulty in learning or comprehending simple arithmetic. It is akin to dyslexia and includes difficulty in understanding numbers, learning how to manipulate numbers, learning maths facts, and a number of other related symptoms...
  
  
• Dysgraphia
  Dysgraphia
  Dysgraphia is a deficiency in the ability to write primarily in terms of handwriting, but also in terms of coherence. It occurs regardless of the ability to read and is not due to intellectual impairment...
  
  
• Dyslexia
  Dyslexia
  Dyslexia is a very broad term defining a learning disability that impairs a person's fluency or comprehension accuracy in being able to read, and which can manifest itself as a difficulty with phonological awareness, phonological decoding, orthographic coding, auditory short-term memory, or rapid...
  
  
• Dystonia
  Dystonia
  Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder, in which sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures. The disorder may be hereditary or caused by other factors such as birth-related or other physical trauma, infection, poisoning or reaction to...
  
  

E

• Empty sella syndrome
  Empty sella syndrome
  Empty sella syndrome is a disorder that involves the sella turcica, a bony structure at the base of the brain that surrounds and protects the pituitary gland...
  
  
• Encephalitis
  Encephalitis
  Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain. Encephalitis with meningitis is known as meningoencephalitis. Symptoms include headache, fever, confusion, drowsiness, and fatigue...
  
  
• Encephalocele
  Encephalocele
  Encephalocele, sometimes known by the Latin name cranium bifidum, is a neural tube defect characterized by sac-like protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it through openings in the skull. These defects are caused by failure of the neural tube to close completely during fetal...
  
  
• Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis
• Encopresis
  Encopresis
  Encopresis is involuntary fecal soiling in adults and children who have usually already been toilet trained. Persons with encopresis often leak stool into their undergarments.-Prevalence:The estimated prevalence of encopresis in four-year-olds is between one and three percent...
  
  
• Epilepsy
  Epilepsy
  Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder characterized by seizures. These seizures are transient signs and/or symptoms of abnormal, excessive or hypersynchronous neuronal activity in the brain.About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy, and nearly two out of every three new cases...
  
  
• Erb's palsy
  Erb's palsy
  Erb's palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the upper trunk C5-C6 is severed. These form part of the brachial plexus, comprising the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-C8, and T1. These injuries arise most commonly, but not...
  
  
• Erythromelalgia
  Erythromelalgia
  Erythromelalgia, also known as Mitchell's disease , acromelalgia, red neuralgia, or erythermalgia, is a rare neurovascular peripheral pain disorder in which blood vessels, usually in the lower extremities , are episodically blocked , then become hyperemic and inflamed...
  
  
• Essential tremor
  Essential tremor
  Essential tremor is a slowly progressive neurological disorder whose most recognizable feature is a tremor of the arms that is apparent during voluntary movements such as eating and writing...
  
  

F

• Fabry's disease
  Fabry's disease
  Fabry disease is a rare X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disease, which can cause a wide range of systemic symptoms...
  
  
• Fahr's syndrome
  Fahr's syndrome
  Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification, also known as Fahr disease or Fahr’s Syndrome is a rare, genetically dominant, inherited neurological disorder characterized by abnormal deposits of calcium in areas of the brain that control movement, including the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex...
  
  
• Fainting
• Familial spastic paralysis
• Febrile seizures
  Fever
  Fever is a common medical sign characterized by an elevation of temperature above the normal range of due to an increase in the body temperature regulatory set-point. This increase in set-point triggers increased muscle tone and shivering.As a person's temperature increases, there is, in...
  
  
• Fisher syndrome
• Friedreich's ataxia
  Friedreich's ataxia
  Friedreich's ataxia is an inherited disease that causes progressive damage to the nervous system, resulting in symptoms ranging from gait disturbance to speech problems; it can also lead to heart disease and diabetes....
  
  
• Fibromyalgia
  Fibromyalgia
  Fibromyalgia is a medical disorder characterized by chronic widespread pain and allodynia, a heightened and painful response to pressure. It is an example of a diagnosis of exclusion...
  
  
• Foville's syndrome
  Foville's syndrome
  Foville's syndrome is caused by the blockage of the perforating branches of the basilar artery in the region of the brainstem known as the pons....
  
  

G

• Gaucher's disease
  Gaucher's disease
  Gaucher's disease is a genetic disease in which a fatty substance accumulates in cells and certain organs.Gaucher's disease is the most common of the lysosomal storage diseases. It is caused by a hereditary deficiency of the enzyme glucosylceramidase. The enzyme acts on the fatty acid...
  
  
• Gerstmann's syndrome
• Giant cell arteritis
• Giant cell inclusion disease
• Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy
• Gray matter heterotopia
  Gray Matter Heterotopia
  Gray matter heterotopia is a neurological disorder caused by clumps of grey matter being located in the wrong part of the brain. It is characterized as a type of cortical dysplasia. The neurons in heterotopia appear to be normal, except for their mislocation; nuclear studies have shown glucose...
  
  
• Guillain-Barré syndrome
  Guillain-Barré syndrome
  Guillain–Barré syndrome , sometimes called Landry's paralysis, is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy , a disorder affecting the peripheral nervous system. Ascending paralysis, weakness beginning in the feet and hands and migrating towards the trunk, is the most typical symptom...
  
  

H

• HTLV-1 associated myelopathy
• Hallervorden-Spatz disease
  Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
  Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration , also known as neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 1 and formerly called Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN), also known as neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 1 (NBIA1) and...
  
  
• Head injury
  Head injury
  Head injury refers to trauma of the head. This may or may not include injury to the brain. However, the terms traumatic brain injury and head injury are often used interchangeably in medical literature....
  
  
• Headache
  Headache
  A headache or cephalalgia is pain anywhere in the region of the head or neck. It can be a symptom of a number of different conditions of the head and neck. The brain tissue itself is not sensitive to pain because it lacks pain receptors. Rather, the pain is caused by disturbance of the...
  
  
• Hemifacial Spasm
  Hemifacial spasm
  Hemifacial spasm or HFS is a neurological disorder in which blood vessels constrict the seventh cranial nerve and cause varying degrees of facial spasm, typically originating around the eye of the afflicted side of the face...
  
  
• Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia
  Hereditary spastic paraplegia
  Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia , also called Familial Spastic Paraplegias or Strumpell-Lorrain disease, is a group of inherited diseases whose main feature is progressive stiffness and contraction in the lower limbs. as a result of damage to dysfunction of the nerves...
  
  
• Heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis
• Herpes zoster oticus
  Herpes zoster
  Herpes zoster , commonly known as shingles and also known as zona, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a limited area on one side of the body, often in a stripe...
  
  
• Herpes zoster
  Herpes zoster
  Herpes zoster , commonly known as shingles and also known as zona, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a limited area on one side of the body, often in a stripe...
  
  
• Hirayama syndrome
• Holoprosencephaly
  Holoprosencephaly
  Holoprosencephaly is a cephalic disorder in which the prosencephalon fails to develop into two hemispheres. Normally, the forebrain is formed and the face begins to develop in the fifth and sixth weeks of human pregnancy...
  
  
• Huntington's disease
  Huntington's disease
  Huntington's disease, chorea, or disorder , is a neurodegenerative genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive decline and dementia. It typically becomes noticeable in middle age. HD is the most common genetic cause of abnormal involuntary writhing movements called chorea...
  
  
• Hydranencephaly
  Hydranencephaly
  Hydranencephaly, synonym hydroanencephaly, is a type of cephalic disorder.These disorders are congenital conditions that derive from either damage to, or abnormal development of, the fetal nervous system in the earliest stages of development in utero...
  
  
• Hydrocephalus
  Hydrocephalus
  Hydrocephalus , also known as "water in the brain," is a medical condition in which there is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles, or cavities, of the brain. This may cause increased intracranial pressure inside the skull and progressive enlargement of the head,...
  
  
• Hypercortisolism
• Hypoxia
  Hypoxia (medical)
  Hypoxia, or hypoxiation, is a pathological condition in which the body as a whole or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply. Variations in arterial oxygen concentrations can be part of the normal physiology, for example, during strenuous physical exercise...
  
  

I

• Immune-Mediated encephalomyelitis
  Encephalitis
  Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain. Encephalitis with meningitis is known as meningoencephalitis. Symptoms include headache, fever, confusion, drowsiness, and fatigue...
  
  
• Inclusion body myositis
  Inclusion body myositis
  Inclusion body myositis is an inflammatory muscle disease, characterized by slowly progressive weakness and wasting of both distal and proximal muscles, most apparent in the muscles of the arms and legs...
  
  
• Incontinentia pigmenti
  Incontinentia pigmenti
  Incontinentia Pigmenti is a genetic disorder that affects the skin, hair, teeth, nails, and central nervous system...
  
  
• Infantile phytanic acid storage disease
• Infantile Refsum disease
• Infantile spasms
• Inflammatory myopathy
  Inflammatory myopathy
  Inflammatory myopathy is a form of myopathy that involves inflammation of the muscle.Inflammatory myopathy is generally synonymous to the term dermatopolymyositis, which, according to ICD-10 encompasses three related diseases: polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and inclusion-body...
  
  
• Intracranial cyst
• Intracranial hypertension

K

• Karak syndrome
  Karak syndrome
  Karak syndrome is a novel and a member of the growing family of neurological diseases involving excess cerebral iron accumulation. The family who the disease was discovered in their siblings lived in Karak, a town in southern Jordan...
  
  
• Kearns-Sayre syndrome
  Kearns-Sayre syndrome
  Kearns–Sayre syndrome also known as oculocraniosomatic disease or Oculocraniosomatic neuromuscular disease with ragged red fibers is a mitochondrial myopathy with a typical onset before 20 years of age...
  
  
• Kennedy disease
  Kennedy disease
  Kennedy's disease or X-linked Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy or Spinobulbar Muscular Atrophy or X-Linked Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy is an X-linked recessive, slow progressing, neurodegenerative disease associated with mutation of the androgen receptor...
  
  
• Kinsbourne syndrome
• Klippel Feil syndrome
• Krabbe disease
  Krabbe disease
  Krabbe disease is a rare, often fatal degenerative disorder that affects the myelin sheath of the nervous system. This condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern...
  
  
• Kugelberg-Welander disease
• Kuru

L

• Lafora disease
  Lafora disease
  Lafora disease, also called Lafora progressive myoclonic epilepsy or MELF , is a fatal autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies, known as Lafora bodies, within neurons and the cells of the heart, liver, muscle, and skin.Most patients with this disease...
  
  
• Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
  Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome
  Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder that is characterised by muscle weakness of the limbs...
  
  
• Landau-Kleffner syndrome
  Landau-Kleffner syndrome
  Landau–Kleffner syndrome , also called infantile acquired aphasia, acquired epileptic aphasia or aphasia with convulsive disorder, is a rare, childhood neurological syndrome....
  
  
• Lateral medullary (Wallenberg) syndrome
• Learning disabilities
  Learning disability
  Learning disability is a classification including several disorders in which a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner, usually caused by an unknown factor or factors...
  
  
• Leigh's disease
  Leigh's disease
  Leigh's disease, also known as Subacute Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy , is a rare neurometabolic disorder that affects the central nervous system...
  
  
• Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
  Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
  Lennox–Gastaut syndrome , also known as Lennox syndrome, is a difficult-to-treat form of childhood-onset epilepsy that most often appears between the second and sixth year of life, and is characterized by frequent seizures and different seizure types; it is often accompanied by developmental delay...
  
  
• Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
  Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
  Lesch–Nyhan syndrome , also known as Nyhan's syndrome, Kelley-Seegmiller syndrome and Juvenile gout, is a rare inherited disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase , produced by mutations in the HPRT gene located on X chromosome. LNS affects about...
  
  
• Leukodystrophy
  Leukodystrophy
  Leukodystrophy refers to a group of disorders characterized by dysfunction of the white matter of the brain. The leukodystrophies are caused by imperfect growth or development of the myelin sheath, the fatty covering that acts as an insulator around nerve fibers...
  
  
• Lewy body dementia
• Lissencephaly
  Lissencephaly
  Lissencephaly, which literally means smooth brain, is a rare brain formation disorder caused by defective neuronal migration during the 12th to 24th weeks of gestation, resulting in a lack of development of brain folds and grooves . It is a form of cephalic disorder...
  
  
• Locked-In syndrome
  Locked-In syndrome
  Locked-in syndrome is a condition in which a patient is aware and awake but cannot move or communicate verbally due to complete paralysis of nearly all voluntary muscles in the body except for the eyes. Total locked-in syndrome is a version of locked-in syndrome where the eyes are paralyzed as...
  
  
• Lou Gehrig's disease (See Motor Neurone Disease
  Motor neurone disease
  The motor neurone diseases are a group of neurological disorders that selectively affect motor neurones, the cells that control voluntary muscle activity including speaking, walking, breathing, swallowing and general movement of the body. They are generally progressive in nature, and can cause...
  
  )
• Lumbar disc disease
  Lumbar disc disease
  Lumbar disc disease is the drying out of the spongy interior matrix of an intervertebral disc in the spine. Many physicians and patients use the term lumbar disc disease to encompass several different causes of back pain or sciatica. In this article, the term is used to describe a lumbar herniated...
  
  
• Lumbar spinal stenosis
• Lyme disease - Neurological Sequelae
  Lyme disease
  Lyme disease, or Lyme borreliosis, is an emerging infectious disease caused by at least three species of bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is the main cause of Lyme disease in the United States, whereas Borrelia afzelii and Borrelia garinii cause most...
  
  

M

• Machado-Joseph disease (Spinocerebellar ataxia
  Spinocerebellar ataxia
  Spinocerebellar ataxia is a progressive, degenerative, genetic disease with multiple types, each of which could be considered a disease in its own right.-Classification:...
  
   type 3)
• Macrencephaly
  Macrencephaly
  Macrencephaly is a condition present at or soon after birth in which the brain is abnormally large...
  
  
• Macropsia
  Macropsia
  Macropsia is a neurological condition affecting human visual perception, in which objects within an affected section of the visual field appear larger than normal, causing the subject to feel smaller. Macropsia, along with its opposite condition, micropsia, can be categorized under dysmetropsia...
  
  
• Megalencephaly
  Megalencephaly
  Megalencephaly is a condition in which there is an abnormally large brain. It is usually functioning abnormally. Megalencephaly is, by definition, when the brain weight is greater than average for the age and sex of the infant or child...
  
  
• Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
  Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome
  Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by recurring facial paralysis, swelling of the face and lips , and the development of folds and furrows in the tongue. Onset is in childhood or early adolescence...
  
  
• Menieres disease
• Meningitis
  Meningitis
  Meningitis is inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, known collectively as the meninges. The inflammation may be caused by infection with viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms, and less commonly by certain drugs...
  
  
• Menkes disease
  Menkes disease
  Menkes disease , also called Menkes syndrome, copper transport disease, steely hair disease, kinky hair disease, or Menkes kinky hair syndrome, is a disorder that affects copper levels in the body, leading to copper deficiency...
  
  
• Metachromatic leukodystrophy
  Metachromatic leukodystrophy
  Metachromatic leukodystrophy is a lysosomal storage disease which is commonly listed in the family of leukodystrophies. Leukodystrophies affect the growth and/or development of myelin, the fatty covering which acts as an insulator around nerve fibers throughout the central and peripheral nervous...
  
  
• Microcephaly
  Microcephaly
  Microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the circumference of the head is more than two standard deviations smaller than average for the person's age and sex. Microcephaly may be congenital or it may develop in the first few years of life...
  
  
• Micropsia
  Micropsia
  Micropsia is a condition affecting human visual perception in which objects are perceived to be smaller than they actually are. Micropsia can be caused by either optical distortion of images in the eye or by a neurological dysfunction. The condition of micropsia can be caused by more factors than...
  
  
• Migraine
  Migraine
  Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by moderate to severe headaches, and nausea...
  
  
• Miller Fisher syndrome
• Mini-stroke (transient ischemic attack
  Transient ischemic attack
  A transient ischemic attack is a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by ischemia – either focal brain, spinal cord or retinal – without acute infarction...
  
  )
• Misophonia
  Misophonia
  Misophonia, literally “hatred of sound,” is a form of decreased sound tolerance. It is also known as Selective Sound Sensitivity Syndrome ....
  
  
• Mitochondrial myopathy
  Mitochondrial myopathy
  Mitochondrial myopathy is a type of myopathy associated with mitochondrial disease. On biopsy, the muscle tissue of patients with this disease usually demonstrate "ragged red" muscle fibers...
  
  
• Mobius syndrome
  Mobius syndrome
  Möbius syndrome is an extremely rare congenital neurological disorder which is characterized by facial paralysis and the inability to move the eyes from side to side. Most people with Möbius syndrome are born with complete facial paralysis and cannot close their eyes or form facial expressions...
  
  
• Monomelic amyotrophy
  Monomelic amyotrophy
  Monomelic amyotrophy is an untreatable, focal, motor neuron disease that primarily affects young males in India and Japan...
  
  
• Motor Neurone Disease
  Motor neurone disease
  The motor neurone diseases are a group of neurological disorders that selectively affect motor neurones, the cells that control voluntary muscle activity including speaking, walking, breathing, swallowing and general movement of the body. They are generally progressive in nature, and can cause...
  
  
• Motor skills disorder
  Motor skills disorder
  Motor skills disorder is a human developmental disorder that impairs motor coordination in daily activities. It is neurological in origin...
  
  
• Moyamoya disease
• Mucopolysaccharidoses
• Multi-infarct dementia
  Multi-infarct dementia
  Multi-infarct dementia is one type of vascular dementia. Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease in older adults. Multi-infarct dementia is thought to be an irreversible form of dementia, and its onset is caused by a number of small strokes or...
  
  
• Multifocal motor neuropathy
  Multifocal motor neuropathy
  Multifocal motor neuropathy is a progressively worsening condition where muscles in the extremities gradually weaken. The disorder, a pure motor neuropathy syndrome, is sometimes mistaken for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis because of the similarity in the clinical picture, especially if muscle...
  
  
• Multiple sclerosis
  Multiple sclerosis
  Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory disease in which the fatty myelin sheaths around the axons of the brain and spinal cord are damaged, leading to demyelination and scarring as well as a broad spectrum of signs and symptoms...
  
  
• Multiple system atrophy
  Multiple system atrophy
  Multiple system atrophy is a degenerative neurological disorder. MSA is associated with the degeneration of nerve cells in specific areas of the brain. This cell degeneration causes problems with movement, balance and other autonomic functions of the body such as bladder control or blood pressure...
  
  
• Muscular dystrophy
  Muscular dystrophy
  Muscular dystrophy is a group of muscle diseases that weaken the musculoskeletal system and hamper locomotion. Muscular dystrophies are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, defects in muscle proteins, and the death of muscle cells and tissue.In the 1860s, descriptions of boys who...
  
  
• Myalgic encephalomyelitis
• Myasthenia gravis
  Myasthenia gravis
  Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular disease leading to fluctuating muscle weakness and fatiguability...
  
  
• Myelinoclastic diffuse sclerosis
• Myoclonic Encephalopathy of infants
• Myoclonus
  Myoclonus
  Myoclonus is brief, involuntary twitching of a muscle or a group of muscles. It describes a medical sign and, generally, is not a diagnosis of a disease. Brief twitches are perfectly normal. The myoclonic twitches are usually caused by sudden muscle contractions; they also can result from brief...
  
  
• Myopathy
  Myopathy
  In medicine, a myopathy is a muscular disease in which the muscle fibers do not function for any one of many reasons, resulting in muscular weakness. "Myopathy" simply means muscle disease...
  
  
• Myotubular myopathy
  Centronuclear myopathy
  Centronuclear myopathies are a group of congenital myopathies where cell nuclei are abnormally located in skeletal muscle cells. In CNM the nuclei are located at a position in the center of the cell, instead of their normal location at the periphery....
  
  
• Myotonia congenita
  Myotonia congenita
  Congenital myotonia is a genetic, neuromuscular channelopathy that affects skeletal muscles . It is congenital, meaning that it is present from birth. Amongst other problems, it causes delayed relaxation of the muscles and rigidity...
  
  

N

• Narcolepsy
  Narcolepsy
  Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder, or dyssomnia, characterized by excessive sleepiness and sleep attacks at inappropriate times, such as while at work. People with narcolepsy often experience disturbed nocturnal sleep and an abnormal daytime sleep pattern, which often is confused with insomnia...
  
  
• Neurofibromatosis
  Neurofibromatosis
  Neurofibromatosis is a genetically-inherited disorder in which the nerve tissue grows tumors that may be benign or may cause serious damage by compressing nerves and other tissues...
  
  
• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
  Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
  Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a life- threatening neurological disorder most often caused by an adverse reaction to neuroleptic or antipsychotic drugs...
  
  
• Neurological manifestations of AIDS
  AIDS
  Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus...
  
  
• Neurological sequelae of lupus
  Lupus erythematosus
  Lupus erythematosus is a category for a collection of diseases with similar underlying problems with immunity . Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, and lungs...
  
  
• Neuromyotonia
  Neuromyotonia
  Neuromyotonia , also known as Isaacs' syndrome, is a form of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability that causes spontaneous muscular activity resulting from repetitive motor unit action potentials of peripheral origin.-Causes:...
  
  
• Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
  Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis
  Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses is the general name for a family of at least eight genetically separate neurodegenerative disorders that result from excessive accumulation of lipopigments in the body's tissues. These lipopigments are made up of fats and proteins...
  
  
• Neuronal migration disorders
• Niemann-Pick disease
  Niemann-Pick disease
  Niemann–Pick disease refers to a group of fatal inherited metabolic disorders that are included in the larger family of lysosomal storage diseases .-Signs and symptoms:Symptoms are related to the organs in which they accumulate...
  
  
• Non 24-hour sleep-wake syndrome
• Nonverbal learning disorder
  Nonverbal learning disorder
  A nonverbal learning disorder or nonverbal learning disability is a condition characterized by a significant discrepancy between higher verbal and lower motor, visuo-spatial, and social skills on an IQ test...
  
  

O

• O'Sullivan-McLeod syndrome
• Occipital Neuralgia
  Occipital neuralgia
  Occipital neuralgia, also known as C2 neuralgia, Arnold's neuralgia, is a medical condition characterized by chronic pain in the upper neck, back of the head and behind the eyes. These areas correspond to the locations of the lesser and greater occipital nerves.-Causes:Occipital neuralgia is...
  
  
• Occult Spinal Dysraphism Sequence
• Ohtahara syndrome
  Ohtahara syndrome
  Ohtahara syndrome , also known as Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy with Burst-Suppression , is a progressive epileptic encephalopathy. The syndrome is outwardly characterized by tonic spasms and partial seizures, and receives its more elaborate name from the pattern of burst activity on an...
  
  
• Olivopontocerebellar atrophy
  Olivopontocerebellar atrophy
  Olivopontocerebellar atrophy is a term used to define neuronal degeneration in the cerebellum, pontine nuclei, and inferior olivary nucleus...
  
  
• Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome
  Opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome
  Opsoclonus Myoclonus Syndrome is a rare neurological disorder of unknown causes which appears to be the result of an autoimmune process involving the nervous system. It is an extremely rare condition, affecting as few as 1 in 10,000,000 people per year. It affects 2 to 3% of children with...
  
  
• Optic neuritis
  Optic neuritis
  Optic neuritis is the inflammation of the optic nerve that may cause a complete or partial loss of vision.-Causes:The optic nerve comprises axons that emerge from the retina of the eye and carry visual information to the primary visual nuclei, most of which is relayed to the occipital cortex of the...
  
  
• Orthostatic Hypotension
  Hypotension
  In physiology and medicine, hypotension is abnormally low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation. It is best understood as a physiologic state, rather than a disease. It is often associated with shock, though not necessarily indicative of it. Hypotension is the...
  
  
• Overuse syndrome

P

• Palinopsia
  Palinopsia
  Palinopsia is a visual disturbance that causes images to persist to some extent even after their corresponding stimulus has left. These images are known as afterimages and occur in persons with normal vision...
  
  
• Paresthesia
  Paresthesia
  Paresthesia , spelled "paraesthesia" in British English, is a sensation of tingling, burning, pricking, or numbness of a person's skin with no apparent long-term physical effect. It is more generally known as the feeling of "pins and needles" or of a limb "falling asleep"...
  
  
• Parkinson's disease
  Parkinson's disease
  Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system...
  
  
• Paramyotonia Congenita
  Paramyotonia congenita
  Paramyotonia Congenita , also known as Paramyotonia congenita of von Eulenburg or Eulenburg disease, is a rare congenital autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder characterized by “paradoxical” myotonia...
  
  
• Paraneoplastic diseases
• Paroxysmal attacks
  Paroxysmal attacks
  Paroxysmal attacks are short, frequent and stereotyped symptoms that can be observed in various clinical conditions. They are usually associated with multiple sclerosis, pertussis, but they may also be observed in other disorders such as encephalitis, head trauma, stroke, asthma, trigeminal...
  
  
• Parry-Romberg syndrome
  Parry-Romberg syndrome
  Parry–Romberg syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous syndrome characterized by progressive shrinkage and degeneration of the tissues beneath the skin, usually on only one side of the face but occasionally extending to other parts of the body...
  
  
• Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
  Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease
  Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease is a rare central nervous system disorder in which coordination, motor abilities, and intellectual function are delayed to variable extents.-Classification:...
  
  
• Periodic Paralyses
• Peripheral neuropathy
  Peripheral neuropathy
  Peripheral neuropathy is the term for damage to nerves of the peripheral nervous system, which may be caused either by diseases of or trauma to the nerve or the side-effects of systemic illness....
  
  
• Persistent Vegetative State
  Coma
  In medicine, a coma is a state of unconsciousness, lasting more than 6 hours in which a person cannot be awakened, fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light or sound, lacks a normal sleep-wake cycle and does not initiate voluntary actions. A person in a state of coma is described as...
  
  
• Pervasive developmental disorder
  Pervasive developmental disorder
  Pervasive developmental disorders is a diagnostic category refers to a group of disorders characterized by delays or impairments in communication, social behaviors, and cognitive development.Pervasive developmental disorders include Autism, Asperger's syndrome, Rett's syndrome, Childhood...
  
  s
• Photic sneeze reflex
  Photic sneeze reflex
  The photic sneeze reflex is a condition of uncontrollable sneezing in response to numerous stimuli, such as looking at bright lights or periocular injection...
  
  
• Phytanic acid storage disease
• Pick's disease
  Pick's disease
  Pick's disease, is a rare neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive destruction of nerve cells in the brain. Symptoms include loss of speech , and dementia. While some of the symptoms can initially be alleviated, the disease progresses and patients often die within two to ten years...
  
  
• Pinched nerve
• Pituitary tumors
• PMG
  PMG
  The initialism or three letter acronym PMG may refer to:* Piped medical gases - i.e. oxygen and nitrous oxide which are often piped to every bed.* Polymicrogyria* Postmaster General or the Postmaster-General's Department...
  
  
• Polio
• Polymicrogyria
  Polymicrogyria
  Polymicrogyria is a developmental malformation of the human brain characterized by an excessive number of small convolutions on the surface of the brain...
  
  
• Polymyositis
  Polymyositis
  Polymyositis is a type of chronic inflammation of the muscles related to dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis.-Signs and symptoms:...
  
  
• Porencephaly
  Porencephaly
  Porencephaly is a type of cephalic disorder involving encephalomalacia. This is an extremely rare disorder of the central nervous system involving a cyst or cavity in a cerebral hemisphere. The cysts or cavities are usually the remnants of destructive lesions, but are sometimes the result of...
  
  
• Post-Polio syndrome
• Postherpetic Neuralgia
  Postherpetic neuralgia
  Postherpetic neuralgia is a neuralgia caused by the varicella zoster virus. Typically, the neuralgia is confined to a dermatomic area of the skin and follows an outbreak of herpes zoster in that same dermatomic area...
  
   (PHN)
• Postinfectious Encephalomyelitis
  Encephalitis
  Encephalitis is an acute inflammation of the brain. Encephalitis with meningitis is known as meningoencephalitis. Symptoms include headache, fever, confusion, drowsiness, and fatigue...
  
  
• Postural Hypotension
• Prader-Willi syndrome
  Prader-Willi syndrome
  Prader–Willi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder in which seven genes on chromosome 15 are deleted or unexpressed on the paternal chromosome...
  
  
• Primary Lateral Sclerosis
  Primary lateral sclerosis
  Primary lateral sclerosis is a rare neuromuscular disease characterized by progressive muscle weakness in the voluntary muscles. PLS belongs to a group of disorders known as motor neuron diseases...
  
  
• Prion diseases
  Prion
  A prion is an infectious agent composed of protein in a misfolded form. This is in contrast to all other known infectious agents which must contain nucleic acids . The word prion, coined in 1982 by Stanley B. Prusiner, is a portmanteau derived from the words protein and infection...
  
  
• Progressive hemifacial atrophy
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
  Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
  Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy , also known as progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis, is a rare and usually fatal viral disease that is characterized by progressive damage or inflammation of the white matter of the brain at multiple locations .It occurs almost exclusively in...
  
  
• Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
  Progressive supranuclear palsy
  Progressive supranuclear palsy is a degenerative disease involving the gradual deterioration and death of specific areas of the brain....
  
  
• Pseudotumor cerebri

R

• Rabies
  Rabies
  Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals. It is zoonotic , most commonly by a bite from an infected animal. For a human, rabies is almost invariably fatal if post-exposure prophylaxis is not administered prior to the onset of severe symptoms...
  
  
• Ramsay Hunt syndrome type I
  Ramsay Hunt syndrome type I
  Ramsay Hunt syndrome type 1 is a rare, degenerative, neurological disorder characterized by myoclonus epilepsy, intention tremor, progressive ataxia and occasionally cognitive impairment...
  
  
• Ramsay Hunt syndrome type II
• Ramsay Hunt syndrome type III - see Ramsay-Hunt syndrome
• Rasmussen's encephalitis
  Rasmussen's encephalitis
  Rasmussen's encephalitis, also known as chronic focal encephalitis , is a rare inflammatory neurological disorder, characterized by frequent and severe seizures, loss of motor skills and speech, hemiparesis , encephalitis , and dementia...
  
  
• Reflex neurovascular dystrophy
  Reflex neurovascular dystrophy
  Reflex neurovascular dystrophy is a painful neurovascular disease that constricts the blood veins and reduces the supply of oxygen to the skin, muscles and bones. RND is the pediatric version of Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy...
  
  
• Refsum disease
• Repetitive stress injury
• Restless legs syndrome
  Restless legs syndrome
  Restless legs syndrome or Willis-Ekbom disease is a neurological disorder characterized by an irresistible urge to move one's body to stop uncomfortable or odd sensations. It most commonly affects the legs, but can affect the arms, torso, and even phantom limbs...
  
  
• Retrovirus-associated myelopathy
• Rett syndrome
  Rett syndrome
  Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder of the grey matter of the brain that almost exclusively affects females. The clinical features include small hands and feet and a deceleration of the rate of head growth . Repetitive hand movements, such as wringing and/or repeatedly putting hands into...
  
  
• Reye's syndrome
  Reye's syndrome
  Reye's syndrome is a potentially fatal disease that causes numerous detrimental effects to many organs, especially the brain and liver, as well as causing a lower than usual level of blood sugar . The classic features are liver damage, aspirin use and a viral infection...
  
  
• Rhythmic Movement Disorder
  Rhythmic Movement Disorder
  Rhythmic Movement Disorder is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements of large muscles groups immediately before and during sleep often involving the head and neck. It was independently described first in 1905 by Zappert as jactatio capitis nocturna and by...
  
  
• Romberg syndrome

S

• Saint Vitus dance
  Chorea (disease)
  Choreia is an abnormal involuntary movement disorder, one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias. The term choreia is derived from the Greek word χορεία , see choreia , as the quick movements of the feet or hands are vaguely comparable to dancing or piano playing.The term...
  
  
• Sandhoff disease
  Sandhoff disease
  Sandhoff disease, also known as Sandhoff-Jatzkewitz disease, variant 0 of GM2-Gangliosidosis or Hexosaminidase A and B deficiency, is a lysosomal genetic, lipid storage disorder caused by the inherited deficiency to create functional beta-hexosaminidases A and B...
  
  
• Schizophrenia
  Schizophrenia
  Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. It most commonly manifests itself as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking, and it is accompanied by significant social...
  
  
• Schilder's disease
  Schilder's disease
  Schilder's disease may refer to two different diseases described by Paul Schilder:* Adrenoleukodystrophy* Diffuse myelinoclastic sclerosis...
  
  
• Schizencephaly
  Schizencephaly
  Schizencephaly is a rare grey matter malformation of the brain. It belongs to the group of malformations of the central nervous system.-Presentation:...
  
  
• Sensory integration dysfunction
  Sensory Integration Dysfunction
  Sensory integration dysfunction is a neurological disorder characterized by a neurological sensory integration deficit. The more current diagnostic nosology uses the term sensory processing disorder to describe this condition....
  
  
• Septo-optic dysplasia
  Septo-optic dysplasia
  Septo-optic dysplasia , also known as de Morsier syndrome is a congenital malformation syndrome made manifest by hypoplasia of the optic nerve and absence of the septum pellucidum...
  
  
• Shaken baby syndrome
  Shaken baby syndrome
  Shaken baby syndrome is a triad of medical symptoms: subdural hematoma, retinal hemorrhage, and brain swelling from which doctors, consistent with current medical understanding, infer child abuse caused by intentional shaking...
  
  
• Shingles
  Herpes zoster
  Herpes zoster , commonly known as shingles and also known as zona, is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a limited area on one side of the body, often in a stripe...
  
  
• Shy-Drager syndrome
• Sjögren's syndrome
  Sjögren's syndrome
  Sjögren's syndrome , also known as "Mikulicz disease" and "Sicca syndrome", is a systemic autoimmune disease in which immune cells attack and destroy the exocrine glands that produce tears and saliva....
  
  
• Sleep apnea
  Sleep apnea
  Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder characterized by abnormal pauses in breathing or instances of abnormally low breathing, during sleep. Each pause in breathing, called an apnea, can last from a few seconds to minutes, and may occur 5 to 30 times or more an hour. Similarly, each abnormally low...
  
  
• Sleeping sickness
• Snatiation
  Snatiation
  Snatiation is a medical disorder characterized by uncontrollable bursts of sneezing brought on by fullness of the stomach, and typically observed in sufferers immediately after a large meal. It is thought to be passed along genetically as an autosomal dominant trait...
  
  
• Sotos syndrome
  Sotos syndrome
  Sotos syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by excessive physical growth during the first 2 to 3 years of life. The disorder may be accompanied by autism mild mental retardation, delayed motor, cognitive, and social development, hypotonia , and speech impairments...
  
  
• Spasticity
  Spasticity
  Spasticity is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance in muscle tone involving hypertonia, which is also referred to as an unusual "tightness" of muscles...
  
  
• Spina bifida
  Spina bifida
  Spina bifida is a developmental congenital disorder caused by the incomplete closing of the embryonic neural tube. Some vertebrae overlying the spinal cord are not fully formed and remain unfused and open. If the opening is large enough, this allows a portion of the spinal cord to protrude through...
  
  
• Spinal cord injury
  Spinal cord
  The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain . The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system...
  
  
• Spinal cord tumors
  Spinal cord
  The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the brain . The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system...
  
  
• Spinal muscular atrophy
  Spinal muscular atrophy
  Spinal Muscular Atrophy is a neuromuscular disease characterized by degeneration of motor neurons, resulting in progressive muscular atrophy and weakness. The clinical spectrum of SMA ranges from early infant death to normal adult life with only mild weakness...
  
  
• Spinocerebellar ataxia
  Spinocerebellar ataxia
  Spinocerebellar ataxia is a progressive, degenerative, genetic disease with multiple types, each of which could be considered a disease in its own right.-Classification:...
  
  
• Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome
• Stiff-person syndrome
• Stroke
  Stroke
  A stroke, previously known medically as a cerebrovascular accident , is the rapidly developing loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. This can be due to ischemia caused by blockage , or a hemorrhage...
  
  
• Sturge-Weber syndrome
  Sturge-Weber syndrome
  Sturge–Weber syndrome, sometimes referred to as encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis, is a rare congenital neurological and skin disorder. It is one of the phakomatoses and is often associated with port-wine stains of the face, glaucoma, seizures, mental retardation, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal...
  
  
• Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
  Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
  Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a rare chronic, progressive encephalitis that affects primarily children and young adults, caused by a persistent infection of immune resistant measles virus . No cure for SSPE exists, but the condition can be managed by medication if treatment is started at...
  
  
• Subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy
• Superficial siderosis
  Superficial siderosis
  Superficial hemosiderosis of the central nervous system is a disease of the brain resulting from chronic iron deposition in neuronal tissues associated with cerebrospinal fluid. This occurs via the deposition of hemosiderin in neuronal tissue, and is associated with neuronal loss, gliosis, and...
  
  
• Sydenham's chorea
  Sydenham's chorea
  Sydenham's chorea or chorea minor is a disease characterized by rapid, uncoordinated jerking movements affecting primarily the face, feet and hands. Sydenham's chorea results from childhood infection with Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococci and is reported to occur in 20-30% of patients with...
  
  
• Syncope
  Syncope (medicine)
  Syncope , the medical term for fainting, is precisely defined as a transient loss of consciousness and postural tone characterized by rapid onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery due to global cerebral hypoperfusion that most often results from hypotension.Many forms of syncope are...
  
  
• Synesthesia
  Synesthesia
  Synesthesia , from the ancient Greek , "together," and , "sensation," is a neurologically based condition in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway...
  
  
• Syringomyelia
  Syringomyelia
  Syringomyelia is a generic term referring to a disorder in which a cyst or cavity forms within the spinal cord. This cyst, called a syrinx, can expand and elongate over time, destroying the spinal cord. The damage may result in pain, paralysis, weakness, and stiffness in the back, shoulders, and...
  
  

T

• Tarsal tunnel syndrome
  Tarsal tunnel syndrome
  Tarsal tunnel syndrome , also known as posterior tibial neuralgia, is compression neuropathy and a painful foot condition in which the tibial nerve is impinged and compressed as it travels through the tarsal tunnel. TTS is a compression syndrome of the tibial nerve within the tarsal tunnel...
  
  
• Tardive dyskinesia
  Tardive dyskinesia
  Tardive dyskinesia is a difficult-to-treat form of dyskinesia that can be tardive...
  
  
• Tardive dysphrenia
  Tardive dysphrenia
  The medical expression tardive dysphrenia, was proposed by the American neurologist Stanley Fahn, the head of the Division of Movements Disorders of the Neurological Institute of New York, in collaboration with the psychiatrist David V Forrest in the 1970s....
  
  
• Tarlov cyst
  Tarlov cyst
  Tarlov cysts, also known as perineurial cysts, are cerebrospinal-fluid-filled sacs located in the spinal canal of the S1-to-S4 region, of the spinal cord, and can be distinguished from other meningeal cysts by their nerve-fiber-filled walls. Tarlov cysts are defined as cysts formed within the...
  
  
• Tay-Sachs disease
  Tay-Sachs disease
  Tay–Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder...
  
  
• Temporal arteritis
  Temporal arteritis
  Giant-cell arteritis or Horton disease is an inflammatory disease of blood vessels most commonly involving large and medium arteries of the head...
  
  
• Tetanus
  Tetanus
  Tetanus is a medical condition characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers. The primary symptoms are caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin produced by the Gram-positive, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani...
  
  
• Tethered spinal cord syndrome
  Tethered spinal cord syndrome
  Tethered spinal cord syndrome or occult spinal dysraphism sequence refers to a group of neurological disorders related to malformations of the spinal cord. The various forms include: tight filum terminale, lipomeningomyelocele, split cord malformations, dermal sinus tracts, dermoids, and cystoceles...
  
  
• Thomsen disease
  Thomsen disease
  Thomsen disease, a form of Myotonia congenita, is a muscular genetic disorder characterized by muscle stiffness and an inability of the muscle to relax after a voluntary contraction...
  
  
• Thoracic outlet syndrome
  Thoracic outlet syndrome
  Thoracic outlet syndrome is a syndrome involving compression at the superior thoracic outlet involving compression of a neurovascular bundle passing between the anterior scalene and middle scalene...
  
  
• Tic Douloureux
• Todd's paralysis
• Tourette syndrome
  Tourette syndrome
  Tourette syndrome is an inherited neuropsychiatric disorder with onset in childhood, characterized by multiple physical tics and at least one vocal tic; these tics characteristically wax and wane...
  
  
• Toxic encephalopathy
  Toxic encephalopathy
  * Baker, E. . Chronic toxic encephalopathy caused by occupational solvent exposure. Annals of Neurology. 63: 545-547- External links :*****...
  
  
• Transient ischemic attack
  Transient ischemic attack
  A transient ischemic attack is a transient episode of neurologic dysfunction caused by ischemia – either focal brain, spinal cord or retinal – without acute infarction...
  
  
• Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
  Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
  Bovine spongiform encephalopathy , commonly known as mad-cow disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in cattle that causes a spongy degeneration in the brain and spinal cord. BSE has a long incubation period, about 30 months to 8 years, usually affecting adult cattle at a peak age onset of...
  
  
• Transverse myelitis
  Transverse myelitis
  Transverse myelitis is a neurological disorder caused by an inflammatory process of the spinal cord, and can cause axonal demyelination. The name is derived from Greek referring to the "spinal cord", and the suffix -itis, which denotes inflammation...
  
  
• Traumatic brain injury
  Traumatic brain injury
  Traumatic brain injury , also known as intracranial injury, occurs when an external force traumatically injures the brain. TBI can be classified based on severity, mechanism , or other features...
  
  
• Tremor
  Tremor
  A tremor is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving to-and-fro movements of one or more body parts. It is the most common of all involuntary movements and can affect the hands, arms, eyes, face, head, vocal folds, trunk, and legs. Most tremors occur in the...
  
  
• Trigeminal neuralgia
  Trigeminal neuralgia
  Trigeminal neuralgia , tic douloureux is a neuropathic disorder characterized by episodes of intense pain in the face, originating from the trigeminal nerve. It has been described as among the most painful conditions known...
  
  
• Tropical spastic paraparesis
  Tropical spastic paraparesis
  Tropical spastic paraparesis , also known as HTLV-associated myelopathy or chronic progressive myelopathy, is an infection of the spinal cord by Human T-lymphotropic virus resulting in paraparesis, weakness of the legs...
  
  
• Trypanosomiasis
  Trypanosomiasis
  Trypanosomiasis or trypanosomosis is the name of several diseases in vertebrates caused by parasitic protozoan trypanosomes of the genus Trypanosoma. Approximately 500,000 men, women and children in 36 countries of sub-Saharan Africa suffer from human African trypanosomiasis which is caused by...
  
  
• Tuberous sclerosis
  Tuberous sclerosis
  Tuberous sclerosis or tuberous sclerosis complex is a rare multi-system genetic disease that causes non-malignant tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin. A combination of symptoms may include seizures, developmental delay, behavioral...
  
  

W

• Wallenberg's syndrome
• Werdnig-Hoffman disease
• West syndrome
  West syndrome
  West syndrome or West's Syndrome is an uncommon to rare epileptic disorder in infants. It is named after the English physician, William James West , who first described it in an article published in The Lancet in 1841. The original case actually described his own son, James Edwin West...
  
  
• Whiplash
  Whiplash (medicine)
  Whiplash is a non-medical term describing a range of injuries to the neck caused by or related to a sudden distortion of the neck associated with extension. The term "whiplash" is a colloquialism...
  
  
• Williams syndrome
  Williams syndrome
  Williams syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a distinctive, "elfin" facial appearance, along with a low nasal bridge; an unusually cheerful demeanor and ease with strangers; developmental delay coupled with strong language skills; and cardiovascular problems, such as...
  
  
• Wilson's disease
  Wilson's disease
  Wilson's disease or hepatolenticular degeneration is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in which copper accumulates in tissues; this manifests as neurological or psychiatric symptoms and liver disease...
  
  

Z

• Zellweger syndrome
  Zellweger syndrome
  Zellweger syndrome, also called cerebrohepatorenal syndrome is a rare, congenital disorder, characterized by the reduction or absence of functional peroxisomes in the cells of an individual. It is one of a family of disorders called leukodystrophies...