List of consorts of Brandenburg
Encyclopedia

Margravine of the Nordmark
Northern March
The Northern March or North March was created out of the division of the vast Marca Geronis in 965. It initially comprised the northern third of the Marca and was part of the territorial organisation of areas conquered from the Wends...

, 965–1157

House of Haldensleben
Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Margravine Ceased to be Margravine Death Spouse
The name of Dietrich's wife and the mother of his children is not known. Dietrich
Dietrich of Haldensleben
Dietrich of Haldensleben was the first margrave of the Northern March from 965 until his deposition in 983...

House of Walbeck
Godila of Rothenburg Werner, Count of Rothenburg - - 983
husband's accession
25 January 1003
husband's death
1015 Lothair
Lothair, Margrave of the Nordmark
Lothair was a Saxon count and Margrave of the Northern March from about 983 until his death.Born the eldest son of Count Lothair II of Walbeck and Matilda von Arneburg, he succeeded his father as Count Lothair III of Walbeck in 964...

Liutgard of Meissen Eckard I, Margrave of Meissen
Eckard I, Margrave of Meissen
Eckard I was Margrave of Meissen from 985 until his death, the first margrave of the Ekkehardinger family that dominated Meissen until the extinction of the line in 1046.-Life:...


(Ekkehardiner)
- January 1003 25 January 1003
husband's accession
1009
husband's deprived of title
13 November 1012 Werner
Werner, Margrave of the Nordmark
Werner was the Margrave of the Nordmark from 1003 until 1009. He was a cousin of the contemporary bishop and historian Thietmar of Merseburg....

House of Haldensleben
? Vladimirovna Vladimir I of Kiev
Vladimir I of Kiev
Vladimir Sviatoslavich the Great Old East Slavic: Володимѣръ Свѧтославичь Old Norse as Valdamarr Sveinaldsson, , Vladimir, , Volodymyr, was a grand prince of Kiev, ruler of Kievan Rus' in .Vladimir's father was the prince Sviatoslav of the Rurik dynasty...


(Rurikids)
- 991/92 1009
husband's accession
1051
husband's death
- Bernard
Bernard, Margrave of the Nordmark
Bernard was the Margrave of the Nordmark from 1009 until his death. He was the son of Dietrich of Haldensleben and a rival of the counts of Walbeck, one of whom, Werner, he succeeded in the march following his deposition....

House of Udonen
Adelaide of Rheinfelden - - 1025 1056
husband's accession
7 November 1057
husband's death
7 December after 1057 Lothair Udo I
Oda of Werl Herman III, Count of Werl
(Werl)
ca. 1050 1065 4 May 1082
husband's death
13 January 1110 Lothair Udo II
Lothair Udo II, Margrave of the Nordmark
Lothair Udo II was the Count of Stade and Margrave of the Nordmark from 1057 until his death. He was the only son of Lothair Udo I of the Udonids and Adelaide of Rheinfelden....

Eupraxia of Kiev
Eupraxia of Kiev
Eupraxia of Kiev was the daughter of Vsevolod I, Prince of Kiev and second wife of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. She was the sister of Vladimir Monomakh....

Vsevolod I of Kiev
Vsevolod I of Kiev
Vsevolod I Yaroslavich , ruled as Grand Prince of Kiev from 1078 until his death.-Early life:...


(Rurikids)
1071 - 27 June 1087
husband's death
20 July 1109 Henry I, Margrave of the Nordmark
Northern March
The Northern March or North March was created out of the division of the vast Marca Geronis in 965. It initially comprised the northern third of the Marca and was part of the territorial organisation of areas conquered from the Wends...

Irmgard of Plötzkau Dietrich, Count of Plötzkau
(Plötzkau)
1085/87 1095/1100 2 June 1106
husband's death
26 November 1154 Lothair Udo III
Northern March
The Northern March or North March was created out of the division of the vast Marca Geronis in 965. It initially comprised the northern third of the Marca and was part of the territorial organisation of areas conquered from the Wends...

Richgard of Sponheim Hermann of Sponheim, Burgrave of Magdeburg
(Sponheim
House of Sponheim
The House of Sponheim or Spanheim was a noble family of the Holy Roman Empire in the High Middle Ages. They were Dukes of Carinthia from 1122 until 1269 and Counts of Sponheim until 1437...

)
- - 2 June 1106
husband's death
1114
husband's desposition
1151 Rudolph I
Northern March
The Northern March or North March was created out of the division of the vast Marca Geronis in 965. It initially comprised the northern third of the Marca and was part of the territorial organisation of areas conquered from the Wends...

House of Plötzkau
Adela of Beichlingen Kuno of Northeim, Count of Beichlingen
(Northeim)
- after August 1106 1112
husband's accession
1118
husband's death
1123 Helferich
House of Udonen
Adelaide of Ballenstedt Otto, Count of Ballenstedt
Otto, Count of Ballenstedt
Otto, Count of Ballenstedt, called Otto the Rich , was the first Ascanian prince to call himself count of Anhalt, and was also briefly named duke of Saxony...


(Ascania)
1100 - 1114
husband's accession
4 December 1128
husband's death
1139 Henry II
Northern March
The Northern March or North March was created out of the division of the vast Marca Geronis in 965. It initially comprised the northern third of the Marca and was part of the territorial organisation of areas conquered from the Wends...

Matilda of Winzenburg Hermann I, Count of Winzenburg - 1124 after 7 December 4 December 1128
husband's accession
15 February 1130
husband's death
23 May 1155 Lothair Udo IV
Northern March
The Northern March or North March was created out of the division of the vast Marca Geronis in 965. It initially comprised the northern third of the Marca and was part of the territorial organisation of areas conquered from the Wends...

Elisabeth of Styria Leopold I, Margrave of Styria
Leopold of Styria
Leopold the Strong was Margrave of Styria from 1122 to 1129. He was the son of Margrave Ottokar II of Styria and Elisabeth of Austria from the Babenberg family. His wife was Sophie of Bavaria. He was succeeded by his son Margrave Ottokar III of Styria....


(Otakars
Otakars
The Otakars were a mediæval dynasty ruling the March of Styria from 1056 to 1192.The dynasty began with Otakar I, probably a son-in-law of Aribo , margrave of Pannonia. Otakar was Count of Steyr in the Traungau, in what is today Upper Austria. Together with Margrave Luitpold, he may have been...

)
1124 before 1128 15 February 1130
husband's accession
25 December after 1138 Rudolph II
Northern March
The Northern March or North March was created out of the division of the vast Marca Geronis in 965. It initially comprised the northern third of the Marca and was part of the territorial organisation of areas conquered from the Wends...

House of Plötzkau
unnamed Bolesław III Wrymouth
(Piast)
before 1119 1131 10 January 1133
husband's death
- Conrad

Margravine of Brandenburg
Margraviate of Brandenburg
The Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806. Also known as the March of Brandenburg , it played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe....

, 1157–1356

House of Ascania
Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Margravine Ceased to be Margravine Death Spouse
Sophie of Winzenburg Hermann I, Count of Winzenburg - 1124, after 7 December 3 October 1157
husband's accession
25 March 1160 Albert I
Judith of Poland Bolesław III Wrymouth
(Piast)
1130/5 6 January 1148 18 November 1170
husband's accession
8 July 1171/5 Otto I
Otto I, Margrave of Brandenburg
Otto I was the second Margrave of Brandenburg, from 1170 until his death.-Life:Otto I was born into the House of Ascania as the eldest son of Albert I , who founded the Margraviate of Brandenburg in 1157, and his wife Sophie von Winzenburg...

Ada of Holland Floris III, Count of Holland
Floris III, Count of Holland
Floris III of Holland , Count of Holland from 1157 to 1190. He was a son of Dirk VI and Sophie of Luxemburg, heiress of Bentheim.-Life:...


(Holland)
1163/6 after 1171/5 8 July 1184
husband's death
after 1205
Mathilde of Landsberg Konrad II of Landsberg
(Wettin)
- August 1205 25 February 1220
husband's death
1255 Albert II
Sophie of Denmark Valdemar II of Denmark
Valdemar II of Denmark
Valdemar II , called Valdemar the Victorious or Valdemar the Conqueror , was the King of Denmark from 1202 until his death in 1241. The nickname Sejr is a later invention and was not used during the King's own lifetime...


(Estridsen)
1217 1233/35 2 November 1247 John I
Brigitte of Saxony Albert I, Duke of Saxony
Albert I, Duke of Saxony
Albert I was a Duke of Saxony, Angria, and Westphalia; Lord of Nordalbingia; Count of Anhalt; and Prince-elector and Archmarshal of the Holy Roman Empire...


(Ascania)
- 7 May 1255 3 June 1266 or 2 February 1267
husband's death
before 23 December 1287
Beatrix of Bohemia Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
(Přemyslids
Premyslid dynasty
The Přemyslids , were a Czech royal dynasty which reigned in Bohemia and Moravia , and partly also in Hungary, Silesia, Austria and Poland.-Legendary rulers:...

)
1230/31 before June 1243 9 October 1267
husband's death
27 May 1290 Otto III
From 1266 to 1319, Brandenburg was held by the two lines of Brandenburg-Stendal and Brandenburg-Salzwedel, all of whom jointly shared the title of Margravine.
Margravine of Brandenburg-Stendal
House of Ascania
Hedwig of Werle Nicholas I, Lord of Werle
(Mecklenburg-Werle
House of Mecklenburg
The House of Mecklenburg is a North German dynasty of West Slavic origin that ruled until 1918.- Origins :Niklot was a lord of the Wendish tribe of Obotrites. When the Holy Roman Empire expanded eastwards, notably to the coast of Baltic in 13th century, a portion of Obotrite lords allied with...

)
1243 1258/62 3 June 1266 or 2 February 1267
husband's accession
10 September 1281
husband's death
9 September 1287 John II
Heilwig of Holstein John I, Count Holstein-Kiel
Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein
The Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein were titles of the Holy Roman Empire. The dynastic family came from Schauenburg near Rinteln on the Weser in Germany...


(Schauenburg)
1250 29 January 1262 3 June 1266 or 2 February 1267
husband's accession
3 January 1305/1307 Otto IV
Jutta of Henneberg Hermann I, Count of Henneberg-Coburg
(Henneberg
House of Henneberg
-Origins:The distant origins of this family are speculative yet seem to originate in the Rhine Valley, east of modern-day France. Charibert, a nobleman in Neustria is the earliest recorded ancestor of the family, dating before 636. Five generations pass between Charibert and the next descendant...

)
1272 1308 27 November 1308
husband's death
25 April 1317
Constance of Greater Poland Przemysł I of Greater Poland
(Piast)
1245/46 1260 3 June 1266 or 2 February 1267
husband's accession
8 October 1281 Conrad
Agnes of Bavaria Louis II, Duke of Bavaria
Louis II, Duke of Bavaria
Duke Louis II of Bavaria was Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1253. Born in Heidelberg, he was a son of duke Otto II and Agnes of the Palatinate...


(Wittelsbach)
1276/78 November 1298 or 19 May 1303 14 February 1318
husband's death
1340 or 22 July 1345 Henry I
Agnes of Brandenburg Hermann, Margrave of Brandenburg
(Ascania)
1296/98 May or October 1309 314 February 1318
husband's accession
14 August 1319
husband's death
28 November 1334 Waldemar
Margravine of Brandenburg-Salzwedel
House of Ascania
Jutta of Henneberg Hermann I, Count of Henneberg-Coburg
(Henneberg
House of Henneberg
-Origins:The distant origins of this family are speculative yet seem to originate in the Rhine Valley, east of modern-day France. Charibert, a nobleman in Neustria is the earliest recorded ancestor of the family, dating before 636. Five generations pass between Charibert and the next descendant...

)
- 22 October 1268 before 13 September 1295 Otto V
Matilda of Denmark Christopher I of Denmark
Christopher I of Denmark
Christopher I was King of Denmark between 1252 and 1259. He was the son of Valdemar II of Denmark by his wife, Infanta Berengária of Portugal. He succeeded his brothers Eric IV Plovpenning and Abel of Denmark on the throne. Christopher was elected King upon the death of his older brother Abel in...


(Estridsen)
- 1269 or 1271 23 April 1299/19 November 1300 or 1311 Albert III
Hedwig of Habsburg
Hedwig of Habsburg
Hedwig of Habsburg was a daughter of Rudolph I of Germany and his first wife, Gertrude of Hohenburg. Hedwig was a member of the House of Habsburg...

Rudolph I of Germany
Rudolph I of Germany
Rudolph I was King of the Romans from 1273 until his death. He played a vital role in raising the Habsburg dynasty to a leading position among the Imperial feudal dynasties...


(Habsburg)
1258–1261 1279 26 January 1285/27 October 1286 Otto VI
Anna of Austria
Anna of Austria (1275–1327)
Anna of Austria was a daughter of Albert I of Germany and his wife Elisabeth of Tirol. She was a member of the House of Habsburg.- Family :Anna was born in Vienna the eighth of twelve children...

Albert I of Germany
Albert I of Germany
Albert I of Habsburg was King of the Romans and Duke of Austria, the eldest son of German King Rudolph I of Habsburg and his first wife Gertrude of Hohenburg.-Life:...


(Habsburg)
1275/80 1279 23/24 August 1298
husband's accession
1 January 1308
husband's death
19 March 1327 Hermann
Katharina of Glogau Henry III, Duke of Silesia-Glogau
Henry III, Duke of Silesia-Glogau
Henry III of Głogów was a Duke of Głogów from 1274 to his death and also Duke of parts of Greater Poland during 1306–1309....


(Piast)
1300/05 before 24 March 1317 24 March 1317
husband's death
5 December 1323/26 John V
After the extinction of the Ascanian dynasty in 1320, Brandenburg came under the control of the Emperor Louis IV of the House of Wittelsbach, who granted Brandenburg to his eldest son, Louis V of Bavaria
Louis V, Duke of Bavaria
Louis V, Duke of Bavaria, called the Brandenburger was Duke of Bavaria and as Louis I also Margrave of Brandenburg and Count of Tyrol. Louis V was the eldest son of Emperor Louis IV and his first wife Beatrix of Świdnica...

.
House of Wittelsbach
Margaret of Denmark Christopher II of Denmark
Christopher II of Denmark
Christopher II was king of Denmark from 1320 to 1326 and again from 1329 until his death. He was son of Eric V. His name is connected with national disaster, as his rule ended in an almost total dissolution of the Danish state.-Biography:Being the brother of King Eric VI, Christopher was a...


(Estridsen)
1305 December 1324 19 March/31 May 1340 Louis I
Louis V, Duke of Bavaria
Louis V, Duke of Bavaria, called the Brandenburger was Duke of Bavaria and as Louis I also Margrave of Brandenburg and Count of Tyrol. Louis V was the eldest son of Emperor Louis IV and his first wife Beatrix of Świdnica...

Margarete Maultasch
Margarete Maultasch
Margarete Maultasch was the last Countess of Tyrol from the Meinhardiner dynasty of Görz . Upon her death, Tyrol became united with the hereditary lands of the House of Habsburg.- Biography :...

Henry of Bohemia
(Meinhardiner)
1318 10 February 1342 December 1351
husband's abdication
3 October 1369
Cunigunde of Poland Casimir III of Poland
Casimir III of Poland
Casimir III the Great , last King of Poland from the Piast dynasty , was the son of King Władysław I the Elbow-high and Hedwig of Kalisz.-Biography:...


(Piast)
before 16 May 1335 1 January/25 July 1352 10 January 1356
raised to Electoral status
26 April 1357 Louis II
Louis VI the Roman
Louis the Roman was the eldest son of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian by his second wife, Margaret II, Countess of Hainault, and a member of the House of Wittelsbach. Louis was Duke of Bavaria as Louis VI and Margrave of Brandenburg as Louis II...

With the Golden Bull of 1356
Golden Bull of 1356
The Golden Bull of 1356 was a decree issued by the Reichstag assembly in Nuremberg headed by the Luxembourg Emperor Charles IV that fixed, for a period of more than four hundred years, important aspects of the constitutional structure of the Holy Roman Empire...

 the Margraviate was raised to an Electorate.

Electress of Brandenburg, 1356–1806

House of Wittelsbach
Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Electress Ceased to be Electress Death Spouse
Cunigunde of Poland Casimir III of Poland
Casimir III of Poland
Casimir III the Great , last King of Poland from the Piast dynasty , was the son of King Władysław I the Elbow-high and Hedwig of Kalisz.-Biography:...


(Piast)
before 16 May 1335 1 January/25 July 1352 10 January 1356
raised to Electoral status
26 April 1357 Louis II
Louis VI the Roman
Louis the Roman was the eldest son of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian by his second wife, Margaret II, Countess of Hainault, and a member of the House of Wittelsbach. Louis was Duke of Bavaria as Louis VI and Margrave of Brandenburg as Louis II...

Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Ingeborg of Mecklenburg was a daughter of Duke Albert II of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and his wife, Euphemia of Sweden. Euphemia was a daughter of Ingeborg of Norway, who was the only legitimate child of King Haakon V of Norway...

Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg
(Mecklenburg-Schwerin
House of Mecklenburg
The House of Mecklenburg is a North German dynasty of West Slavic origin that ruled until 1918.- Origins :Niklot was a lord of the Wendish tribe of Obotrites. When the Holy Roman Empire expanded eastwards, notably to the coast of Baltic in 13th century, a portion of Obotrite lords allied with...

)
1340 15 February 1360 17 May 1365
husband's death
25 July 1395
Katharine of Bohemia
Katharine of Bohemia
Catherine of Bohemia was an Electress of Brandenburg, the second daughter of Emperor Charles IV and Blanche of Valois.-Childhood and family:...

Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV , born Wenceslaus , was the second king of Bohemia from the House of Luxembourg, and the first king of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor....


(Luxembourg
House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg was a late medieval German dynasty, which between 1308 and 1437 ruled the Holy Roman Empire, twice interrupted by the rivaling House of Wittelsbach.-History:...

)
19 August 1342 19 March 1366 18 August 1373
husband's abdication, kept electoral dignity till death
26 April 1395 Otto VII
Otto V, Duke of Bavaria
Otto V, Duke of Bavaria , was a duke of Bavaria and Elector of Brandenburg as Otto VII. Otto was the fourth son of Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV by his second wife Margaret II of Avesnes, countess of Hainaut and Holland.-Biography:...

Emperor Charles IV invaded Brandenburg in 1371 since Otto neglected his government. Two years later Otto officially resigned against a huge financial compensation and retired in Bavaria. This was the end of the Wittelsbach rule in Brandenburg.
House of Luxembourg
House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg was a late medieval German dynasty, which between 1308 and 1437 ruled the Holy Roman Empire, twice interrupted by the rivaling House of Wittelsbach.-History:...

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Electress Ceased to be Electress Death Spouse
Joanna of Bavaria Albert I, Duke of Bavaria
Albert I, Duke of Bavaria
Duke Albert I or Albrecht KG was a feudal ruler of the counties of Holland, Hainaut, and Zeeland in the Low Countries...


(Wittelsbach)
1362 29 September 1370 2 October 1373
husband's accession
29 November 1378
husband reliquished title
31 December 1386 Wenceslaus I
Wenceslaus, King of the Romans
Wenceslaus ) was, by election, German King from 1376 and, by inheritance, King of Bohemia from 1378. He was the third Bohemian and second German monarch of the Luxembourg dynasty...

Mary of Hungary
Mary of Hungary
Mary of Anjou was queen regnant of Hungary from 1382 until her death in 1395.-Childhood:...

Louis I of Hungary
(Anjou-Hungary
Capetian House of Anjou
The Capetian House of Anjou, also known as the House of Anjou-Sicily and House of Anjou-Naples, was a royal house and cadet branch of the direct House of Capet. Founded by Charles I of Sicily, a son of Louis VIII of France, the Capetian king first ruled the Kingdom of Sicily during the 13th century...

)
1371 31 March 1378 1388
Brandenburg mortgaged
17 May 1395 Sigismund
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Sigismund of Luxemburg KG was King of Hungary, of Croatia from 1387 to 1437, of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor for four years from 1433 until 1437, the last Emperor of the House of Luxemburg. He was also King of Italy from 1431, and of Germany from 1411...

Agnes of Opole Bolko II of Opole
Bolko II of Opole
Bolko II of Opole , was a Duke of Opole since 1313 .He was the second son of Duke Bolko I of Opole by his wife Agnes, probably a daughter of Margrave Otto III of Brandenburg.-Life:...


(Piast)
- 1374 1388
husband's accession
18 January 1411
husband's death
1 April 1413 Jobst
Jobst of Moravia
Jobst of Moravia, Jobst von Mähren from the House of Luxembourg was the eldest son of Margrave John Henry of Moravia, the younger brother of Emperor Charles IV....

Barbara of Celje
Barbara of Celje
Barbara of Cilli was the spouse of Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund and as such Holy Roman Empress. She was by marriage also Queen of Hungary and Bohemia and also Holy Roman Empress. She received the sobriquet "Messalina of Germany" for her political intrigues, and was instrumental in creating the...

Herman II, Count of Celje
(Celje)
1390/1395 1408 16 January 1411
husband's accession
30 April 1415
husband ceased to be elector
11 July 1451 Sigismund
Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Sigismund of Luxemburg KG was King of Hungary, of Croatia from 1387 to 1437, of Bohemia from 1419, and Holy Roman Emperor for four years from 1433 until 1437, the last Emperor of the House of Luxemburg. He was also King of Italy from 1431, and of Germany from 1411...

House of Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Electress Ceased to be Electress Death Spouse
Elisabeth of Bavaria
Elisabeth of Bavaria, Electress of Brandenburg
Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut , nicknamed "Beautiful Beth", was an Electress of Brandenburg.- Life :Elizabeth was a daughter of Duke Frederick "the Wise" of Bavaria-Landshut and his second wife Maddalena Visconti...

Frederick, Duke of Bavaria
Frederick, Duke of Bavaria
Frederick was Duke of Bavaria from 1375. He was the second son of Stephen II and Elizabeth of Sicily.-Family:His maternal grandparents were Frederick III of Sicily and Eleanor of Anjou...


(Wittelsbach)
1383 18 September 1401 30 April 1415
husband's accession
20 September 1440
husband's death
13 November 1442 Frederick I
Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg
Frederick was Burgrave of Nuremberg as Frederick VI and Elector of Brandenburg as Frederick I. He was a son of Burgrave Frederick V of Nuremberg and Elisabeth of Meissen, and was the first member of the House of Hohenzollern to rule the Margraviate of Brandenburg.- Biography :Frederick entered...

Catherine of Saxony
Catherine of Saxony, Electress of Brandenburg
Catherine of Saxony was a princess of Saxony by birth and Electress of Brandenburg by marriage.- Life :Catherine was a daughter of the Elector Frederick I of Saxony from his marriage to Catherine of Brunswick-Lüneburg , daughter of Duke Henry I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.On 11 June 1441...

Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
Frederick I, Elector of Saxony
Frederick IV of Meissen and Elector of Saxony was Margrave of Meissen and Elector of Saxony from 1381 until his death. He is not to be confused with his cousin Frederick IV, Landgrave of Thuringia, the son of Balthasar, Landgrave of Thuringia...


(Wettin)
1421 11 June 1441 1470
husband's abdication
23 August 1476 Frederick II
Frederick II, Elector of Brandenburg
Frederick II of Brandenburg , nicknamed "the Iron" and sometimes "Irontooth" , was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from 1440 until his abdication in 1470, and was a member of the House of Hohenzollern.-Biography:Frederick II was born in Tangermünde to Frederick I, Brandenburg's...

Anna of Saxony
Anna of Saxony, Electress of Brandenburg
Anna of Saxony was a princess of Saxony by birth and Electress of Brandenburg by marriage.- Life :Anna was a daughter of the Elector Frederick II of Saxony from his marriage to Margaret of Austria, daughter of the Duke Ernest of Austria.On 12 November 1458 Anna married Albert Achilles of...

Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
Frederick II was Elector of Saxony and was Landgrave of Thuringia .-Biography:...


(Wettin)
7 March 1437 12 November 1458 1471
husband's accession
11 March 1486
husband's death
31 October 1512 Albrecht III Achilles
Margaret of Thuringia
Margaret of Thuringia
Margaret of Saxony was a German noblewoman, Electress of Brandenburg by marriage.She was the daughter of William III, Duke of Luxemburg, and Anne, Duchess of Luxembourg.-Family and children:...

William III of Saxony, Duke of Luxemburg
(Wettin)
1449 25 August 1476 11 March 1486
husband's accession
9 January 1499
husband's death
13 July 1501 John Cicero
Elizabeth of Denmark John of Denmark
(Oldenburg
House of Oldenburg
The House of Oldenburg is a North German dynasty and one of Europe's most influential Royal Houses with branches that rule or have ruled in Denmark, Russia, Greece, Norway, Schleswig, Holstein, Oldenburg and Sweden...

)
24 June 1485 10 April 1502 11 July 1535
husband's death
10 June 1555 Joachim I Nestor
Hedwig of Poland Sigismund I the Old
Sigismund I the Old
Sigismund I of Poland , of the Jagiellon dynasty, reigned as King of Poland and also as the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1506 until 1548...


(Jagiellon)
15 March 1513 29 August/1 September 1535 3 January 1571
husband's abdication
7 February 1573 Joachim II Hector
Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg
Joachim II Hector was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg . A member of the House of Hohenzollern, Joachim II was the son of Joachim I Nestor, Elector of Brandenburg, and his wife Elizabeth of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden...

Sabina of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Sabina of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Sabina of Brandenburg-Ansbach was a princess of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Electress of Brandenburg by marriage.- Life :...

George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
George of Brandenburg-Ansbach was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach from the House of Hohenzollern.- Early life :...


(Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

)
12 May 1529 12 February 1548 3 January 1571
husband's accession
2 November 1575 John George
John George, Elector of Brandenburg
John George of Brandenburg was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg and a Duke of Prussia...

Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst
Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst
Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst was a princess of Anhalt by birth and Electress of Brandenburg by marriage.- Life :...

George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
George of Brandenburg-Ansbach was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach from the House of Hohenzollern.- Early life :...


(Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

)
5/15 September 1563 6 October 1577 8 January 1598
husband's death
8 October 1607
Catherine of Brandenburg-Küstrin
Catherine of Brandenburg-Küstrin
Catherine of Brandenburg-Küstrin was a Princess of Brandenburg-Küstrin by birth and Electress of Brandenburg by marriage.- Life :...

John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin
(Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

)
10 August 1549 8 January 1570 8 January 1598
husband's accession
30 September 1602 Joachim Frederick
Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg
Joachim III Frederick , of the House of Hohenzollern, was Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from 1598 until his death.-Biography:...

Eleanor of Prussia
Eleanor of Prussia
Eleanor of Prussia was a princess of the Duchy of Prussia by birth and Electress of Brandenburg by marriage.- Life :...

Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia
Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia
Albert Frederick was duke of Prussia from 1568 until his death. He was a son of Albert of Prussia and Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. He was the second and last Prussian duke of the Ansbach branch of the Hohenzollern family.-Duke of Prussia:...


(Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

)
21 August 1583 23 October 1603 9 April 1607
Anna of Prussia Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia
Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia
Albert Frederick was duke of Prussia from 1568 until his death. He was a son of Albert of Prussia and Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. He was the second and last Prussian duke of the Ansbach branch of the Hohenzollern family.-Duke of Prussia:...


(Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

)
3 July 1576 30 October 1594 18 July 1608
husband's accession
23 December 1619
husband's death
30 August 1625 John Sigismund
John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg
John Sigismund was a Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg from the House of Hohenzollern. He also served as a Duke of Prussia.-Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia:...

Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate Frederick IV, Elector Palatine
Frederick IV, Elector Palatine
Frederick IV, Elector Palatine of the Rhine , only surviving son of Louis VI, Elector Palatine and Elisabeth of Hesse, called "Frederick the Righteous" .-Life:Born in Amberg, his father died in October 1583 and...


(Palatinate-Simmern)
19 November 1597 24 July 1616 23 December 1619
husband's accession
1 December 1640
husband's death
26 April 1660 George William
George William, Elector of Brandenburg
George William of Brandenburg , of the Hohenzollern dynasty, was margrave and elector of Brandenburg and duke of Prussia from 1619 until his death. His reign was marked by ineffective governance during the Thirty Years' War...

Louise Henriette of Orange-Nassau Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange
Frederick Henry, or Frederik Hendrik in Dutch , was the sovereign Prince of Orange and stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel from 1625 to 1647.-Early life:...


(Orange-Nassau
House of Orange-Nassau
The House of Orange-Nassau , a branch of the European House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands — and at times in Europe — since William I of Orange organized the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule, which after the Eighty Years' War...

)
7 December 1627 7 December 1646 18 June 1667 Frederick William I
Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
Philip of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg was the first Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg after the death of his father in 1622...


(Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg)
28 September 1636 13 June 1668 29 April 1688
husband's death
6 August 1689
Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
Sophia Charlotte of Hanover was the Queen consort of Prussia as wife of Frederick I of Prussia. She was the daughter of Ernst August, Elector of Hanover, and Sophia of the Palatinate...

Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover
(Hanover
House of Hanover
The House of Hanover is a deposed German royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg , the Kingdom of Hanover, the Kingdom of Great Britain, the Kingdom of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland...

)
30 October 1668 8 October 1684 29 April 1688
husband's accession
1 February 1705 Frederick III
Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Sophia Louisa of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a princess of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Scherwin. The third wife of King Frederick I of Prussia, she died childless having gone mad.-Background:...

Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow
Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow
Frederick I of Mecklenburg-Grabow, Duke of Mecklenburg [-Grabow] - Life :He was the son of Adolf Frederick I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and his second wife Marie Katharina , daughter of Julius Ernst, Duke of Braunschweig-Dannenberg .Through his late birth, he was excluded from active government...


(Mecklenburg-Schwerin
House of Mecklenburg
The House of Mecklenburg is a North German dynasty of West Slavic origin that ruled until 1918.- Origins :Niklot was a lord of the Wendish tribe of Obotrites. When the Holy Roman Empire expanded eastwards, notably to the coast of Baltic in 13th century, a portion of Obotrite lords allied with...

)
6 May 1685 28 November 1708 25 February 1713
husband's death
29 July 1735
Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
Sophia Dorothea of Hanover was a Queen consort in Prussia as wife of Frederick William I. She was the sister of George II of Great Britain and the mother of Frederick the Great.- Biography :...

George I of Great Britain
George I of Great Britain
George I was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 until his death, and ruler of the Duchy and Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg in the Holy Roman Empire from 1698....


(Hanover
House of Hanover
The House of Hanover is a deposed German royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg , the Kingdom of Hanover, the Kingdom of Great Britain, the Kingdom of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland...

)
16 March 1687 28 November 1706 25 February 1713
husband's accession
31 May 1740
husband's death
28 June 1757 Frederick William II
Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Bevern
Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Bevern
Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern was a Queen of Prussia as wife of Frederick the Great...

Ferdinand Albert II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
(Brunswick-Bevern)
8 November 1715 12 June 1733 31 May 1740
husband's accession
17 August 1786
husband's death
13 January 1797 Frederick IV
Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
Frederika of Hesse-Darmstadt was Queen consort of the Kingdom of Prussia as the second wife of Frederick William II of Prussia.-Background:...

Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1768 - 1790. He was a son of Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, and Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg....


(Hesse-Darmstadt
House of Hesse
The House of Hesse is a European royal dynasty from the region of Hesse, originally and still formally the House of Brabant.-History:The origins of the House of Hesse begin with the marriage of Sophie of Thuringia, daughter of Louis IV, Landgrave of Thuringia and Elizabeth of Hungary with Henry...

)
16 October 1751 14 July 1769 17 August 1786
husband's accession
16 November 1797
husband's death
25 February 1805 Frederick William III
Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was Queen consort of Prussia as the wife of King Frederick William III...

Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg was ruler of the state of Mecklenburg-Strelitz from 1794 until his death. Originally ruling as duke he was raised to the title grand duke in 1815...


(Mecklenburg-Strelitz
House of Mecklenburg
The House of Mecklenburg is a North German dynasty of West Slavic origin that ruled until 1918.- Origins :Niklot was a lord of the Wendish tribe of Obotrites. When the Holy Roman Empire expanded eastwards, notably to the coast of Baltic in 13th century, a portion of Obotrite lords allied with...

)
10 March 1776 24 December 1793 16 November 1797
husband's accession
6 August 1806
dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...

9 July 1810 Frederick William IV
In 6 August 1806, the feudal designation of the Electorate and Margraviate of Brandenburg ended with the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...

.

Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach, 1398–1791

House of Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Margravine Ceased to be Margravine Death Spouse
Elisabeth of Bavaria
Elisabeth of Bavaria, Electress of Brandenburg
Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut , nicknamed "Beautiful Beth", was an Electress of Brandenburg.- Life :Elizabeth was a daughter of Duke Frederick "the Wise" of Bavaria-Landshut and his second wife Maddalena Visconti...

Frederick, Duke of Bavaria
Frederick, Duke of Bavaria
Frederick was Duke of Bavaria from 1375. He was the second son of Stephen II and Elizabeth of Sicily.-Family:His maternal grandparents were Frederick III of Sicily and Eleanor of Anjou...


(Wittelsbach)
1383 18 September 1401 20 September 1440
husband's death
13 November 1442 Frederick I
Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg
Frederick was Burgrave of Nuremberg as Frederick VI and Elector of Brandenburg as Frederick I. He was a son of Burgrave Frederick V of Nuremberg and Elisabeth of Meissen, and was the first member of the House of Hohenzollern to rule the Margraviate of Brandenburg.- Biography :Frederick entered...

Margaret of Baden
Margaret of Baden
Margaret of Baden was a Margravine of Baden by birth and by marriage Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach. She was the daughter of Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden, and his wife Catherine of Lorraine....

Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Jacob I of Baden , was Margrave of Baden-Baden from 1431 to 1453.He was the elder son of Bernard I, Margrave of Baden-Baden and Anna von Oettingen. Jacob I was a man of deep religious beliefs, well-known as a founder of churches...


(Zähringen)
1431 12 November 1446 24 October 1457 Albert III Achilles
Anna of Saxony
Anna of Saxony, Electress of Brandenburg
Anna of Saxony was a princess of Saxony by birth and Electress of Brandenburg by marriage.- Life :Anna was a daughter of the Elector Frederick II of Saxony from his marriage to Margaret of Austria, daughter of the Duke Ernest of Austria.On 12 November 1458 Anna married Albert Achilles of...

Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
Frederick II was Elector of Saxony and was Landgrave of Thuringia .-Biography:...


(Wettin)
7 March 1437 12 November 1458 11 March 1486
husband's death
31 October 1512
Sophia of Poland
Sophia of Poland
Sophia of Poland was a Polish and Lithuanian princess by birth and Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach by her marriage to Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.-Early life and family :...

Casimir IV Jagiellon
Casimir IV Jagiellon
Casimir IV KG of the House of Jagiellon was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440, and King of Poland from 1447, until his death.Casimir was the second son of King Władysław II Jagiełło , and the younger brother of Władysław III of Varna....


(Jagiellon)
6 May 1464 14 February 1479 11 March 1486
husband's accession
5 October 1512 Frederick II
Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Frederick I of Ansbach and Bayreuth was born at Ansbach as the eldest son of the Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg by his second wife Anna, daughter of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony. His elder half-brother was the Elector Johann Cicero of Brandenburg...

Emilie of Saxony
Emilie of Saxony
Emilie of Saxony was the third wife of Margrave George the Pious of Brandenburg-Ansbach. Since his two earlier wives died before his accession, she was the only one to enjoy the title Margravine.- Life :...

Henry IV, Duke of Saxony
Henry IV, Duke of Saxony
Henry IV the Pious, Duke of Saxony was a Duke of Saxony from the House of Wettin.-Biography:Heinrich was the second son of Albert, Duke of Saxony and his wife Sidonie Podiebrad, princess of Bohemia...


(Wettin)
27 July 1516 25 August 1533 4 April 1536
husband's accession
27 December 1543
husband's death
9 April 1591 George
George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
George of Brandenburg-Ansbach was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach from the House of Hohenzollern.- Early life :...

Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Küstrin
Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Küstrin
Elizabeth of Brandenburg-Küstrin , was a princess of Brandenburg-Küstrin and margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach by marriage.- Life :...

John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin
(Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

)
29 August 1540 26 December 1558 8 March 1578 George Frederick
George Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
George Frederick of Brandenburg-Ansbach was Margrave of Ansbach and Bayreuth, as well as Regent of Prussia. He was the son of George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and a member of the House of Hohenzollern...

Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg
thumb | 235px | Show gate of Wülzburg Castle with the coats of arms of Sophie and her husbandSophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg was a member of the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg and margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach and Duchess of Krnov by marriage.- Life :Sophie was the eldest...

William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Wilhelm , called William the Younger, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Prince of Lüneburg from 1559 until his death. Until 1569 he ruled together with his brother Henry of Dannenberg....


(Welf)
30 October 1563 3 May 1579 25 April 1603
husband's death
14 January 1639
Translation needed Sophie of Solms-Laubach
Sophie of Solms-Laubach
Sophie of Solms-Laubach , was a princess of Solms-Laubach by birth and Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach by marriage....

John George I, Count of Solms-Laubach
(Solms-Laubach
Solms-Laubach
Solms-Laubach was a County of southern Hesse and eastern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It was originally created as a partition of Solms-Lich. Solms-Laubach partitioned between itself and Solms-Sonnenwalde 1561; between itself, Solms-Baruth and Solms-Rödelheim 1607; and between itself and...

)
15 May 1594 14 October 1612 7 March 1625
husband's death
16 May 1651 Joachim Ernest
Joachim Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Joachim Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach was a German nobleman. He ruled as margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach from 1603 to 1625, succeeding his father John George and succeeded by his son Frederick III.- Youth :Joachim Ernst was the son of the elector John George of Brandenburg and his third...

Henriette Louise of Württemberg-Mömpelgard Louis Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Mömpelgard
(Württemberg
House of Württemberg
The Württemberg family is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Württemberg. The House has its origins, according to recent research, probably in the vicinity of the Salian dynasty.-History:...

)
30 June 1623 31 August 1642 3 September 1650 Albert II
Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Albert II or V of Brandenburg-Ansbach was a German nobleman, who was margrave of Ansbach from 1634 until his death.-Life:...

Sophie Margarete of Oettingen-Oettingen Joachim Ernest, Count of Oettingen-Oettingen
(Oettingen-Oettingen)
19 December 1634 15 October 1651 5 August 1664
Christine of Baden-Durlach
Christine of Baden-Durlach
Christine of Baden-Durlach was a German noblewoman.She was a daughter of Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach and his wife Christina Magdalena of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken. Her first marriage was to Albert II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach...

Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach
(Baden)
22 April 1645 6 August 1665 22 October 1667
husband's death
21 December 1705
Johanna Elisabeth of Baden-Durlach Frederick VI, Margrave of Baden-Durlach
(Baden)
6 November 1651 5 February 1672 28 September 1680 John Frederick
Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach
Eleonore Erdmuthe of Saxe-Eisenach
Princess Eleonore Erdmuthe Louise of Saxe-Eisenach was the mother of Caroline of Ansbach, queen consort of King George II of Great Britain...

John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
John George I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach
Johann Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach .He was the fifth but third surviving son of Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Weimar and Eleonore Dorothea of Anhalt-Dessau....


(Wettin)
13 April 1662 4 November 1681 22 March 1686
husband's death
19 September 1696
Christiane Charlotte of Württemberg-Winnental
Christiane Charlotte of Württemberg-Winnental
Christiane Charlotte of Württemberg-Winnental was a German princess of the Württemberg-Winnental line...

Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental
(Württemberg
House of Württemberg
The Württemberg family is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Württemberg. The House has its origins, according to recent research, probably in the vicinity of the Salian dynasty.-History:...

)
20 August 1694 28 August 1709 7 January 1723
husband's death
25 December 1729 William Frederick
William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach , was Margrave of the Principality of Brandenburg-Ansbach from 1703 until his death, 1723...

Fredericka Louise of Prussia
Princess Friederike Luise of Prussia
Princess Friederike Luise of Prussia was a daughter of Frederick William I of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover and Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach.-Family:...

Frederick William I of Prussia
Frederick William I of Prussia
Frederick William I of the House of Hohenzollern, was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death...


(Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

)
29 August 1714 30 May 1729 3 August 1757
husband's death
4 February 1784 Charles William
Fredericka Caroline of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
(Wettin)
24 June 1735 22 November 1754 3 August 1757
husband's accession
18 February 1791 Christian II Frederick
Christian Frederick Charles Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Christian Frederick Charles Alexander was the last Margrave of the two Franconian principalities Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Bayreuth, which he sold to the King of Prussia, a fellow member of the House of Hohenzollern.-Life:His parents were Charles William...

Elizabeth Berkeley
Elizabeth Craven
Elizabeth Craven , Princess Berkeley , previously "Lady Craven" of Hamstead Marshall, was an author, playwright, traveller, and socialite, perhaps best known for her travelogues...

Augustus Berkeley, 4th Earl of Berkeley
Augustus Berkeley, 4th Earl of Berkeley
Lt.-Col. Augustus Berkeley, 4th Earl of Berkeley KT was the son of Vice-Admiral James Berkeley, 3rd Earl of Berkeley and Lady Louisa Lennox....


(Berkeley
Berkeley (surname)
Berkeley is a surname. It is also used, uncommonly, as a given name. The name is a habitation name from Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England, itself derived from Old English beorce léah meaning birch lea. People with the name include:...

)
17 December 1750 30 October 1791 2 December 1791
husband's abdication
13 January 1828
On 2 December 1791, Christian II Frederick sold the sovereignty of his principalities to king Frederick William II of Prussia.

Margravine of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, 1398–1604

|align="center"| >
House of Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Margravine Ceased to be Margravine Death Spouse
Margaret of Bohemia Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles IV , born Wenceslaus , was the second king of Bohemia from the House of Luxembourg, and the first king of Bohemia to also become Holy Roman Emperor....


(Luxembourg
House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg was a late medieval German dynasty, which between 1308 and 1437 ruled the Holy Roman Empire, twice interrupted by the rivaling House of Wittelsbach.-History:...

)
29 September 1373 1381 21 January 1398
husband's accession
4 June 1410 John I
John III, Burgrave of Nuremberg
John III of Nuremberg , Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach from the House of Hohenzollern. He was elder son of Frederick V of Nuremberg and Elisabeth of Meissen.-Family and children:...

Elisabeth of Bavaria
Elisabeth of Bavaria, Electress of Brandenburg
Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut , nicknamed "Beautiful Beth", was an Electress of Brandenburg.- Life :Elizabeth was a daughter of Duke Frederick "the Wise" of Bavaria-Landshut and his second wife Maddalena Visconti...

Frederick, Duke of Bavaria
Frederick, Duke of Bavaria
Frederick was Duke of Bavaria from 1375. He was the second son of Stephen II and Elizabeth of Sicily.-Family:His maternal grandparents were Frederick III of Sicily and Eleanor of Anjou...


(Wittelsbach)
1383 18 September 1401 11 June 1420
husband's accession
20 September 1440
husband's death
13 November 1442 Frederick I
Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg
Frederick was Burgrave of Nuremberg as Frederick VI and Elector of Brandenburg as Frederick I. He was a son of Burgrave Frederick V of Nuremberg and Elisabeth of Meissen, and was the first member of the House of Hohenzollern to rule the Margraviate of Brandenburg.- Biography :Frederick entered...

Barbara of Saxe-Wittenberg Rudolph III, Duke of Saxe-Wittenberg
(Ascania)
after 1406 before 26 May 1416 20 September 1440
husband's accession
1457
husband's abdication
10 October 1465 John II
John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
John, nicknamed the Alchemist was a Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and served as the peace-loving Margrave of Brandenburg after the abdication of his father, Frederick I, the first member of the House of Hohenzollern to rule Brandenburg.-Biography:John was the eldest son of Frederick I,...

Margaret of Baden
Margaret of Baden
Margaret of Baden was a Margravine of Baden by birth and by marriage Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach. She was the daughter of Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden, and his wife Catherine of Lorraine....

Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Jacob, Margrave of Baden-Baden
Jacob I of Baden , was Margrave of Baden-Baden from 1431 to 1453.He was the elder son of Bernard I, Margrave of Baden-Baden and Anna von Oettingen. Jacob I was a man of deep religious beliefs, well-known as a founder of churches...


(Zähringen)
1431 12 November 1446 1457
husband's accession
24 October 1457 Albert III Achilles
Anna of Saxony
Anna of Saxony, Electress of Brandenburg
Anna of Saxony was a princess of Saxony by birth and Electress of Brandenburg by marriage.- Life :Anna was a daughter of the Elector Frederick II of Saxony from his marriage to Margaret of Austria, daughter of the Duke Ernest of Austria.On 12 November 1458 Anna married Albert Achilles of...

Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
Frederick II was Elector of Saxony and was Landgrave of Thuringia .-Biography:...


(Wettin)
7 March 1437 12 November 1458 11 March 1486
husband's death
31 October 1512
Sophia of Poland
Sophia of Poland
Sophia of Poland was a Polish and Lithuanian princess by birth and Margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach by her marriage to Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach.-Early life and family :...

Casimir IV Jagiellon
Casimir IV Jagiellon
Casimir IV KG of the House of Jagiellon was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440, and King of Poland from 1447, until his death.Casimir was the second son of King Władysław II Jagiełło , and the younger brother of Władysław III of Varna....


(Jagiellon)
6 May 1464 14 February 1479 26 February 1495
husband's accession
5 October 1512 Frederick II
Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Frederick I of Ansbach and Bayreuth was born at Ansbach as the eldest son of the Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg by his second wife Anna, daughter of Frederick II, Elector of Saxony. His elder half-brother was the Elector Johann Cicero of Brandenburg...

Susanna of Bavaria
Susanna of Bavaria
Susanna of Bavaria was a German noblewoman. Born in Munich, she was the daughter of Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria, and Kunigunde of Austria, herself the daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III and Eleanor of Portugal...

Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria
Albert IV, Duke of Bavaria
Duke Albert IV of Bavaria-Munich , , from 1467 Duke of Bavaria-Munich, from 1503 Duke of the reunited Bavaria.-Biography:...


(Wittelsbach)
2 April 1502 25 August 1518 21 September 1527
husband's death
23 April 1543 Casimir
Casimir, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Casimir of Brandenburg-Bayreuth was Margrave of Bayreuth from 1515 to 1527.- Family background :...

Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Küstrin
Elisabeth of Brandenburg-Küstrin
Elizabeth of Brandenburg-Küstrin , was a princess of Brandenburg-Küstrin and margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach by marriage.- Life :...

John, Margrave of Brandenburg-Küstrin
(Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

)
29 August 1540 26 December 1558 8 March 1578 George Frederick
Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Sophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg
thumb | 235px | Show gate of Wülzburg Castle with the coats of arms of Sophie and her husbandSophie of Brunswick-Lüneburg was a member of the House of Brunswick-Lüneburg and margravine of Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Kulmbach and Duchess of Krnov by marriage.- Life :Sophie was the eldest...

William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Wilhelm , called William the Younger, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Prince of Lüneburg from 1559 until his death. Until 1569 he ruled together with his brother Henry of Dannenberg....


(Welf)
30 October 1563 3 May 1579 25 April 1603
husband's death
14 January 1639
Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach
Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth was a member of the House of Hohenzollern and Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach ....

, moved the seat of his Margraviate to Bayreuth in 1604.

Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, 1604–1791

House of Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Margravine Ceased to be Margravine Death Spouse
Marie of Prussia Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia
Albert Frederick, Duke of Prussia
Albert Frederick was duke of Prussia from 1568 until his death. He was a son of Albert of Prussia and Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. He was the second and last Prussian duke of the Ansbach branch of the Hohenzollern family.-Duke of Prussia:...


(Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

)
23 January 1579 29 April 1604 1604
husband's accession
21 February 1649 Christian
Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth was a member of the House of Hohenzollern and Margrave of Brandenburg-Kulmbach ....

Translation needed Erdmuthe Sophie of Saxony John George II, Elector of Saxony
John George II, Elector of Saxony
John George was the Elector of Saxony from 1656 to 1680.He was the third but eldest surviving son of the Elector John George I of Saxony and Magdalene Sybille of Prussia, his second spouse....


(Wettin)
25 February 1644 29 October 1662 22 June 1670 Christian Ernest
Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Christian Ernst of Brandenburg-Bayreuth was a member of the House of Hohenzollern and Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth....

Sophie Louise of Württemberg-Stuttgart Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg
Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg
Eberhard III, Duke of Württemberg ruled as Duke of Württemberg from 1628 until his death in 1674....


(Württemberg
House of Württemberg
The Württemberg family is a European royal family and a German dynasty from Württemberg. The House has its origins, according to recent research, probably in the vicinity of the Salian dynasty.-History:...

)
19 February 1642 8 February 1671 3 October 1702
Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg
Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg
Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg , was a Duchess consort of Courland, Margravine consort of Brandenburg-Bayreuth and Duchess consort of Saxe-Meiningen. She was married to Duke Frederick Casimir Kettler of Courland, Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, and Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of...

Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg
(Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

)
5 April 1674 30 March 1703 20 May 1712
husband's death
22 November 1748
Sophie of Saxe-Weissenfels John Adolph I, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels
Johann Adolf I, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels
Johann Adolf I, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels , was a duke of Saxe-Weissenfels-Querfurt and member of the House of Wettin....


(Wettin)
2 August 1684 16 October 1699 20 May 1712
husband's accession
18 December 1726
husband's death
6 May 1752 George William
George William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
George William of Brandenburg-Bayreuth was a member of the House of Hohenzollern and Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth.-Family:...

Wilhelmine of Prussia Frederick William I of Prussia
Frederick William I of Prussia
Frederick William I of the House of Hohenzollern, was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death...


(Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

)
3 July 1709 30 November 1731 17 May 1735
husband's accession
14 October 1758 Frederick IV
Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth , was a member of the House of Hohenzollern and Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth....

Sophie Caroline Marie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Duchess Sophie Caroline Marie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Duchess Sophie Caroline Marie of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was the eldest daughter of Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, and his wife Philippine Charlotte of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great....

Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
(Welf)
7 October 1737 20 September 1759 26 February 1763
husband's death
23 December 1817
Translation needed Victoria Charlotte of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym
Victoria Charlotte of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym
Victoria Charlotte of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym was a princess of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym by birth and Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth by marriage.- Life :...

Victor I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
Victor I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym
Victor I Amadeus Adolph of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym , was a German prince of the House of Ascania from the Anhalt-Bernburg branch and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym.He was the eldest son of Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Zeitz-Hoym, by his first wife Charlotte,...


(Ascania)
25 September 1715 26 April 1732 26 February 1763
husband's accession
1764
divorce
4 February 1792 Frederick Christian
Frederick Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
Frederick Christian of Brandenburg-Bayreuth , was a member of the House of Hohenzollern and Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth.-Family:...

Fredericka Caroline of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld Francis Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
(Wettin)
24 June 1735 22 November 1754 20 January 1769
husband's accession
18 February 1791 Christian Frederick
Christian Frederick Charles Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Christian Frederick Charles Alexander was the last Margrave of the two Franconian principalities Brandenburg-Ansbach and Brandenburg-Bayreuth, which he sold to the King of Prussia, a fellow member of the House of Hohenzollern.-Life:His parents were Charles William...

Elizabeth Berkeley
Elizabeth Craven
Elizabeth Craven , Princess Berkeley , previously "Lady Craven" of Hamstead Marshall, was an author, playwright, traveller, and socialite, perhaps best known for her travelogues...

Augustus Berkeley, 4th Earl of Berkeley
Augustus Berkeley, 4th Earl of Berkeley
Lt.-Col. Augustus Berkeley, 4th Earl of Berkeley KT was the son of Vice-Admiral James Berkeley, 3rd Earl of Berkeley and Lady Louisa Lennox....


(Berkeley
Berkeley (surname)
Berkeley is a surname. It is also used, uncommonly, as a given name. The name is a habitation name from Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England, itself derived from Old English beorce léah meaning birch lea. People with the name include:...

)
17 December 1750 30 October 1791 2 December 1791
husband's abdication
13 January 1828
On 2 December 1791, Christian II Frederick sold the sovereignty of his principalities to king Frederick William II of Prussia.

Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach, 1655–1726

House of Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Margravine Ceased to be Margravine Death Spouse
Marie Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sondenburg-Glücksburg Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
(Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
House of Oldenburg
The House of Oldenburg is a North German dynasty and one of Europe's most influential Royal Houses with branches that rule or have ruled in Denmark, Russia, Greece, Norway, Schleswig, Holstein, Oldenburg and Sweden...

)
26 July 1628 10 December 1651 11 March 1486
husband's accession
6 June 1664 George Albert
Sophie Marie of Solms-Baruth-Wildenfels
(Solms-Baruth-Wildenfels)
5 March 1626 11 November 1665 27 September 1666
husband's death
16 April 1688
Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein
Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein
Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein was a Countess of Wolfstein and Margravine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach by marriage.- Life :...

Albert Frederick, Count of Wolfstein-Sulzbürg
(Wolfstein)
24 October 1667 14 August 1687 5 April 1708
husband's death
23 August 1737 Christian Henry
Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck Frederick Louis, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
(Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck
Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck was a branch of the Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg branch of the House of Oldenburg. It consists of August Philipp, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck , and his male-line descendants...

)
24 November 1685 17 April 1709 1724
marriage dissolved
25 December 1761 George Frederick Charles
George Frederick Charles, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth
George Frederick Charles , Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth , was a German prince, member of the House of Hohenzollern, nominal Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach and Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth .-Family:He was the eldest of the fourteen children born...

In 1726 George Frederick Charles became Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth.

Margravine of Brandenburg-Küstrin, 1535–1571

House of Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Margravine Ceased to be Margravine Death Spouse
Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Margravine of Brandenburg-Küstrin
Catherine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was a Princess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel by birth and by marriage Margravine of Brandenburg-Küstrin.- Life :...

Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Henry V, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Henry , Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, called the Younger, was Prince of Wolfenbüttel from 1514 until his death...


(Welf)
1518 31 December 1537 13 January 1571
husband's death
16 May 1574 John
The Margraviate of Brandenburg-Küstrin was absorbed in 1571 into the Margraviate and Electorate of Brandenburg.

Margravine of Brandenburg-Schwedt
Brandenburg-Schwedt
Brandenburg-Schwedt was a cadet line of the Hohenzollerns of Brandenburg-Prussia who administered territories in the north of the Margraviate of Brandenburg...

, 1688–1788

House of Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

Picture Name Father Birth Marriage Became Margravine Ceased to be Margravine Death Spouse
Johanna Charlotte of Anhalt-Dessau
Princess Johanna Charlotte of Anhalt-Dessau
Johanna Charlotte of Anhalt-Dessau was a princess of Anhalt-Dessau from the House of Ascania by birth and Margravine of Brandenburg-Schwedt by marriage...

John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dessau...


(Ascania)
6 April 1682 25 January 1699 19 December 1711
husband's death
31 March 1750 Philip William
Sophie Dorothea of Prussia
Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia
Princess Sophia Dorothea of Prussia was the ninth child and fifth daughter of Frederick William I of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover...

Frederick William I of Prussia
Frederick William I of Prussia
Frederick William I of the House of Hohenzollern, was the King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death...


(Hohenzollern
House of Hohenzollern
The House of Hohenzollern is a noble family and royal dynasty of electors, kings and emperors of Prussia, Germany and Romania. It originated in the area around the town of Hechingen in Swabia during the 11th century. They took their name from their ancestral home, the Burg Hohenzollern castle near...

)
25 January 1719 10 November 1734 13 November 1765 Frederick William
Translation needed Leopoldine Marie of Anhalt-Dessau Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau was a German prince of the House of Ascania and ruler of the principality of Anhalt-Dessau. He was also a Generalfeldmarschall in the Prussian army...


(Ascania)
12 December 1716 13 February 1739 4 March 1771
husband's accession
27 January 1782 Frederick Henry
In 1788 the title was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia.

See also

  • List of Prussian consorts
  • List of German queens
  • Princess of Orange
  • Princess of Neuchâtel
  • Duchess of Saxe-Lauenburg
  • Grand Duchess of Posen
  • List of consorts of Hohenzollern
The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
x
OK