List of chemical analysis methods
Encyclopedia
A list of chemical analysis methods with acronyms.
A
- Atomic absorption spectroscopyAtomic absorption spectroscopyAtomic absorption spectroscopy is a spectroanalytical procedure for the qualitative and quantitative determination of chemical elements employing the absorption of optical radiation by free atoms in the gaseous state. In analytical chemistry the technique is used for determining the concentration...
(AAS) - Atomic emission spectroscopyAtomic emission spectroscopyAtomic emission spectroscopy is a method of chemical analysis that uses the intensity of light emitted from a flame, plasma, arc, or spark at a particular wavelength to determine the quantity of an element in a sample...
(AES) - Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS)
- Alpha particle X-ray spectrometerAPXSAn Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer is a device that analyses the chemical element composition of a sample from the scattered alpha particles, emitted protons , and fluorescent X-rays after the sample is irradiated with alpha particles and X-rays from radioactive sources...
(APXS)
C
- Capillary electrophoresisCapillary electrophoresisCapillary electrophoresis , also known as capillary zone electrophoresis , can be used to separate ionic species by their charge and frictional forces and hydrodynamic radius. In traditional electrophoresis, electrically charged analytes move in a conductive liquid medium under the influence of an...
(CE) - ChromatographyChromatographyChromatography is the collective term for a set of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures....
- ColorimetryColorimetryColorimetry is "the science and technology used to quantify and describe physically the human color perception."It is similar to spectrophotometry, but is distinguished by its interest in reducing spectra to the physical correlates of color perception, most often the CIE 1931 XYZ color space...
- Computed tomographyComputed tomographyX-ray computed tomography or Computer tomography , is a medical imaging method employing tomography created by computer processing...
- Cyclic VoltammetryCyclic voltammetryCyclic voltammetry or CV is a type of potentiodynamic electrochemical measurement. In a cyclic voltammetry experiment the working electrode potential is ramped linearly versus time like linear sweep voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry takes the experiment a step further than linear sweep voltammetry...
(CV)
E
- Electron paramagnetic resonanceElectron paramagnetic resonanceElectron paramagnetic resonance or electron spin resonance spectroscopyis a technique for studying chemical species that have one or more unpaired electrons, such as organic and inorganic free radicals or inorganic complexes possessing a transition metal ion...
(EPR) also called Electron spin resonance (ESR) - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS/EDX)
F
- Field flow fractionationField Flow FractionationField-flow fractionation, abbreviated FFF, is a separation technique where a field is applied to a fluid suspension or solution pumped through a long and narrow channel, perpendicular to the direction of flow, in order to cause separation of the particles present in the fluid, dependent on their...
(FFF) - Flow injection analysisFlow injection analysisFlow injection analysis is an approach to chemical analysis that is accomplished by injecting a plug of sample into a flowing carrier stream...
(FIA) - Fourier transform spectroscopyFourier transform spectroscopyFourier transform spectroscopy is a measurement technique whereby spectra are collected based on measurements of the coherence of a radiative source, using time-domain or space-domain measurements of the electromagnetic radiation or other type of radiation....
(FTIR)
G
- Gas chromatography (GC)
- Gas chromatography-mass spectrometryGas chromatography-mass spectrometryGas chromatography–mass spectrometry is a method that combines the features of gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify different substances within a test sample. Applications of GC-MS include drug detection, fire investigation, environmental analysis, explosives investigation,...
(GC-MS) - Gas chromatography-IR spectroscopy (GC-IR)
- Gel permeation chromatography-IR spectroscopy (GPC-IR)
H
- High performance liquid chromatographyHigh performance liquid chromatographyHigh-performance liquid chromatography , HPLC, is a chromatographic technique that can separate a mixture of compounds and is used in biochemistry and analytical chemistry to identify, quantify and purify the individual components of the mixture.HPLC typically utilizes different types of stationary...
(HPLC) - High performance liquid chromatography-IR spectroscopy (HPLC-IR)
I
- Ion MicroprobeMicroprobeA microprobe is an instrument that applies a stable and well-focused beam of charged particles to a sample.-Types:When the primary beam consists of accelerated electrons, the probe is termed an electron microprobe, when the primary beam consists of accelerated ions, the term Ion Microprobe is used...
(IM) - Inductively coupled plasmaInductively coupled plasmaAn inductively coupled plasma is a type of plasma source in which the energy is supplied by electric currents which are produced by electromagnetic induction, that is, by time-varying magnetic fields.-Operation:...
(ICP) - Ion selective electrodeIon selective electrodeAn ion-selective electrode , also known as a specific ion electrode , is a transducer that converts the activity of a specific ion dissolved in a solution into an electrical potential, which can be measured by a voltmeter or pH meter. The voltage is theoretically dependent on the logarithm of the...
(ISE) e.g. determination of pHPHIn chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Pure water is said to be neutral, with a pH close to 7.0 at . Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline...
L
- Laser induced breakdown spectroscopyLaser induced breakdown spectroscopyLaser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a type of atomic emission spectroscopy which uses a highly energetic laser pulse as the excitation source. The laser is focused to form a plasma, which atomizes and excites samples. In principle, LIBS can analyse any matter regardless of its physical state,...
(LIBS) - Liquid chromatography-IR spectroscopy (LC-IR)
- Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometryLiquid chromatography-mass spectrometryLiquid chromatography–mass spectrometry is an analytical chemistry technique that combines the physical separation capabilities of liquid chromatography with the mass analysis capabilities of mass spectrometry. LC-MS is a powerful technique used for many applications which has very high...
(LC-MS)
P
- Particle induced X-ray emission spectroscopyPIXEParticle-induced X-ray emission or proton-induced X-ray emission is a technique used in the determining of the elemental make-up of a material or sample. When a material is exposed to an ion beam, atomic interactions occur that give off EM radiation of wavelengths in the x-ray part of the...
(PIXE) - Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometryPyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometryPyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry is a method of chemical analysis in which the sample is heated to decomposition to produce smaller molecules that are separated by gas chromatography and detected using mass spectrometry.-How it works:...
(PY-GC-MS)
R
- Raman spectroscopyRaman spectroscopyRaman spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique used to study vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system.It relies on inelastic scattering, or Raman scattering, of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range...
- Refractive indexRefractive indexIn optics the refractive index or index of refraction of a substance or medium is a measure of the speed of light in that medium. It is expressed as a ratio of the speed of light in vacuum relative to that in the considered medium....
- Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPIREMPIResonance Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization is a technique applied to the spectroscopy of atoms and small molecules. In practice, a tunable laser can be used to access an excited intermediate state. The selection rules associated with a two-photon or other multi-photon photoabsorption are different...
)
S
- Scanning electron microscopeScanning electron microscopeA scanning electron microscope is a type of electron microscope that images a sample by scanning it with a high-energy beam of electrons in a raster scan pattern...
(SEM) - Scanning X-ray microscope (SXM) also called Scanning transmission X-ray Microscope (STXM)
X
- X-ray diffraction (XRD)
- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopyX-ray fluorescenceX-ray fluorescence is the emission of characteristic "secondary" X-rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays...
(XRF) - X-ray microscopy (XRM)