Th Large volume volcanic eruptions in the Basin and Range Province include Basin and Range

Basin and Range

The Basin and Range Province is a vast physiographic region defined by a unique topographic expression. Basin and Range topography is characterized by abrupt changes in elevation, alternating between narrow faulted mountain chains and flat arid valleys or basins...

 eruptions in California

California

California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...

, Idaho

Idaho

Idaho is a state in the Rocky Mountain area of the United States. The state's largest city and capital is Boise. Residents are called "Idahoans". Idaho was admitted to the Union on July 3, 1890, as the 43rd state....

, Colorado

Colorado

Colorado is a U.S. state that encompasses much of the Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains...

, New Mexico

New Mexico

New Mexico is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also usually considered one of the Mountain States. With a population density of 16 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth-most sparsely inhabited U.S...

, Texas

Texas

Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...

, Arizona

Arizona

Arizona ; is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. It is also part of the western United States and the mountain west. The capital and largest city is Phoenix...

, Nevada

Nevada

Nevada is a state in the western, mountain west, and southwestern regions of the United States. With an area of and a population of about 2.7 million, it is the 7th-largest and 35th-most populous state. Over two-thirds of Nevada's people live in the Las Vegas metropolitan area, which contains its...

, Wyoming

Wyoming

Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the Western United States. The western two thirds of the state is covered mostly with the mountain ranges and rangelands in the foothills of the Eastern Rocky Mountains, while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High...

, and Oregon

Oregon

Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located on the Pacific coast, with Washington to the north, California to the south, Nevada on the southeast and Idaho to the east. The Columbia and Snake rivers delineate much of Oregon's northern and eastern...

, as well as those of the Long Valley Caldera

Long Valley Caldera

Long Valley Caldera is a depression in eastern California that is adjacent to Mammoth Mountain. The valley is one of the largest calderas on earth, measuring about long and wide . The elevation of the floor of the caldera is in the east and in the west...

 geological province and the Yellowstone hotspot

Yellowstone hotspot

The Yellowstone hotspot, also referred to as the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone hotspot, is a volcanic hotspot responsible for large scale volcanism in Oregon, Nevada, Idaho, and Wyoming, United States. It created the eastern Snake River Plain through a succession of caldera forming eruptions...

.

Volcanic fields

The volcanic fields: Northwestern Nevada, Santa Rosa-Calico, Long Valley Caldera region, Southwestern Nevada, Central Nevada, Indian Peak, Marysvale

Marysvale Volcanic Field

The Marysvale volcanic field is located in southwestern Utah, United States.One of the largest volcanic fields in the western United States, the Marysvale straddles the Colorado Plateau-Great Basin transition zone...

, San Juan

San Juan volcanic field

The San Juan volcanic field, located in southwestern Colorado, contains two distinct phases of volcanism. The earlier volcanism is Oligocene in age, and consists of largely intermediate composition lavas and breccias. A few ash flow tuffs also constitute this phase of volcanism. Later volcanism is...

, Central Colorado

Central Colorado volcanic field

The central Colorado volcanic field is a volcanic field in Colorado, USA. It is located in the southern Rocky Mountains and covered a roughly triangular area centered on the Thirtynine Mile volcanic area and extending from the Sawatch Range southeast to the northern Sangre de Christo Range and the...

, Jemez

Jemez Mountains

The Jemez Mountains are a volcanic group of mountains in New Mexico, United States. The highest point in the range is Chicoma Mountain at an elevation of 11,561 feet . The town of Los Alamos and Los Alamos National Laboratory adjoin the eastern side of the range while the town of Jemez Springs...

 volcanic lineament, Mogollon-Datil

Mogollon-Datil volcanic field

The Mogollon-Datil volcanic field is a large silicic volcanic field in western New Mexico . It is a part of an extensive Eocene to Oligocene volcanic event which includes the San Juan volcanic field in southwestern Colorado, the Trans-Pecos volcanic field in west Texas and north central Mexico, the...

, and Boot Heel are more or less adjacent areas.

Geological features

Many geological features in Western United States

Western United States

.The Western United States, commonly referred to as the American West or simply "the West," traditionally refers to the region comprising the westernmost states of the United States. Because the U.S. expanded westward after its founding, the meaning of the West has evolved over time...

 have a Northeastern orientation, the North American craton motion has the same orientation as well. For example: the Trans-Challis fault zone, Idaho

Idaho

Idaho is a state in the Rocky Mountain area of the United States. The state's largest city and capital is Boise. Residents are called "Idahoans". Idaho was admitted to the Union on July 3, 1890, as the 43rd state....

; the Snake River

Snake River

The Snake is a major river of the greater Pacific Northwest in the United States. At long, it is the largest tributary of the Columbia River, the largest North American river that empties into the Pacific Ocean...

 in Oregon

Oregon

Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located on the Pacific coast, with Washington to the north, California to the south, Nevada on the southeast and Idaho to the east. The Columbia and Snake rivers delineate much of Oregon's northern and eastern...

; the Garlock Fault

Garlock Fault

The Garlock Fault is a left-lateral strike-slip fault running approximately northeast-southwest in the Mojave Desert of southern California. It runs for much of its length along the southern base of the Tehachapi Mountains...

, California

California

California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...

; the Colorado River

Colorado River

The Colorado River , is a river in the Southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico, approximately long, draining a part of the arid regions on the western slope of the Rocky Mountains. The watershed of the Colorado River covers in parts of seven U.S. states and two Mexican states...

 in Utah

Utah

Utah is a state in the Western United States. It was the 45th state to join the Union, on January 4, 1896. Approximately 80% of Utah's 2,763,885 people live along the Wasatch Front, centering on Salt Lake City. This leaves vast expanses of the state nearly uninhabited, making the population the...

; the Colorado Mineral Belt

Colorado Mineral Belt

The Colorado Mineral Belt is an area with abundant ore deposits. The area stretches north-east from the La Plata Mountains in Southwestern Colorado to the Front Range near Boulder, Colorado...

; Crater Flat

Yucca Mountain

The Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Repository was to be a deep geological repository storage facility for spent nuclear reactor fuel and other high level radioactive waste, until the project was canceled in 2009. It was to be located on federal land adjacent to the Nevada Test Site in Nye County,...

-Reveille Range

Reveille Range

The Reveille Range is the Nye County, Nevada mountain range that is the location of the Reveille Range volcanic field....

-Lunar Crater

Lunar Crater National Natural Landmark

Lunar Crater National Natural Landmark is Volcanic field landmark located east-northeast of Tonopah in Nye County, in central Nevada.-Volcanic features:...

 lineament, the Northwestern Nevada volcanic field; the San Juan caldera cluster, Colorado

Colorado

Colorado is a U.S. state that encompasses much of the Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains...

; the Socorro-Magdalena caldera cluster

Mogollon-Datil volcanic field

The Mogollon-Datil volcanic field is a large silicic volcanic field in western New Mexico . It is a part of an extensive Eocene to Oligocene volcanic event which includes the San Juan volcanic field in southwestern Colorado, the Trans-Pecos volcanic field in west Texas and north central Mexico, the...

, New Mexico

New Mexico

New Mexico is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also usually considered one of the Mountain States. With a population density of 16 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth-most sparsely inhabited U.S...

; Jemez volcanic lineament (Raton hotspot

Raton hotspot

The Raton hotspot is a volcanic hotspot which is responsible for the volcanic activity which forms the volcanoes in northeastern New Mexico, United States....

 trail); and the Yellowstone hotspot trail. But the Yellowstone hotspot trail was modified through faults and extension.

Geology

Prior to the Eocene Epoch (55.8 ±0.2 to 33.9 ±0.1 Ma) the convergence rate of the Farallon and North American Plates was fast and the angle of subduction was shallow. During the Eocene

Eocene

The Eocene Epoch, lasting from about 56 to 34 million years ago , is a major division of the geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the Cenozoic Era. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Palaeocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the...

 the Farallon Plate

Farallon Plate

The Farallon Plate was an ancient oceanic plate, which began subducting under the west coast of the North American Plate— then located in modern Utah— as Pangaea broke apart during the Jurassic Period...

 subduction

Subduction

In geology, subduction is the process that takes place at convergent boundaries by which one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate, sinking into the Earth's mantle, as the plates converge. These 3D regions of mantle downwellings are known as "Subduction Zones"...

-associated compressive forces of the Laramide orogeny

Laramide orogeny

The Laramide orogeny was a period of mountain building in western North America, which started in the Late Cretaceous, 70 to 80 million years ago, and ended 35 to 55 million years ago. The exact duration and ages of beginning and end of the orogeny are in dispute, as is the cause. The Laramide...

 ended, plate interactions changed from orthogonal compression to oblique strike-slip, and volcanism in the Basin and Range Province flared up. It is suggested that this plate continued to be underthrust until about 19 Ma, at which time it was completely consumed and volcanic activity ceased, in part. Olivine basalt from the oceanic ridge erupted around 17 Ma and extension began. The extension resulted in roughly north-south-trending faults, the Great Basin

Great Basin

The Great Basin is the largest area of contiguous endorheic watersheds in North America and is noted for its arid conditions and Basin and Range topography that varies from the North American low point at Badwater Basin to the highest point of the contiguous United States, less than away at the...

, the Walker trough

Walker Lane

The Walker Lane is a geologic trough roughly aligned with the California/Nevada border southward to where Death Valley intersects the Garlock Fault, a major left-lateral strike-slip fault...

, the Owens

Owens Valley

Owens Valley is the arid valley of the Owens River in eastern California in the United States, to the east of the Sierra Nevada and west of the White Mountains and Inyo Mountains on the west edge of the Great Basin section...

 graben

Graben

In geology, a graben is a depressed block of land bordered by parallel faults. Graben is German for ditch. Graben is used for both the singular and plural....

, and the Rio Grande rift

Rio Grande Rift

The Rio Grande Rift is a north-trending continental rift zone. It separates the Colorado Plateau in the west from the interior of the North American craton on the east. The rift extends from central Colorado in the north to the state of Chihuahua, Mexico in the south. The rift zone consists of four...

, for instance.

List of large volume eruptions in the Basin and Range Province

The large volume eruptions in the Basin and Range Province include:

• Mono County, California, USA; Long Valley Caldera
  Long Valley Caldera
  Long Valley Caldera is a depression in eastern California that is adjacent to Mammoth Mountain. The valley is one of the largest calderas on earth, measuring about long and wide . The elevation of the floor of the caldera is in the east and in the west...
  
  ; 758.9 ka ±1.8; VEI 7; 600 cubic kilometres (144 cu mi) of Bishop Tuff
  Bishop Tuff
  The Bishop Tuff is a welded tuff that formed 767100 ± 900 years ago as a rhyolitic pyroclastic flow during the eruption that created the Long Valley Caldera. Large outcrops of the tuff are located in Inyo and Mono Counties, California, United States....
  
  .
• Valles Caldera, New Mexico, USA; around 1.15 Ma; VEI 7; around 600 cubic kilometres (144 cu mi) of the Tshirege formation, Upper Bandelier eruption.
• Valles Caldera, New Mexico, USA; around 1.47 Ma (Lower Bandelier eruption, the Otawi).
• Yellowstone hotspot (?), Lake Owyhee volcanic fields
  Jordan Craters
  Portions of this article include public domain text from the USFS .The flows of Jordan Craters volcanic field are the youngest of a large Quaternary basalt fields in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Oregon. The most recent flows come from Coffeepot Crater, a large breached cinder cone...
  
  ; 15.0 to 15.5 Ma.
• Yellowstone hotspot (?), Northwest Nevada volcanic field, Virgin Valley, High Rock, Hog Ranch, and unnamed calderas; West of the Pine Forest Range
  Pine Forest Range
  The Pine Forest Range is a mountain range in Humboldt County, Nevada....
  
  , Nevada; 15.5 to 16.5 Ma; Tuffs: Idaho Canyon, Ashdown, Summit Lake, and Soldier Meadow.
• Columbia River Basalt Province: Yellowstone hotspot sets off a huge pulse of volcanic activity, the first eruptions were near the Oregon-Idaho-Washington border. Columbia River and Steens flood basalts, Pueblo Mountains
  Pueblo Mountains
  The Pueblo Mountains are a remote mountain range in the United States located in southeastern Oregon and northwestern Nevada. The highest point in the range is Pueblo Mountain. The dominant vegetation throughout the range are grasses and sagebrush; however, there are meadows with cottonwood,...
  
  , Steens Mountain
  Steens Mountain
  Steens Mountain is a large fault-block mountain in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of Oregon. Located in Harney County, it stretches some and rises from an elevation of about above the Alvord Desert to its peak at...
  
  , Washington, Oregon, and Idaho; most vigorous eruptions were from 14 to 17 Ma.
  • Columbia River flood basalts
    Columbia River Basalt Group
    The Columbia River Basalt Group is a large igneous province that lies across parts of the Western United States. It is found in the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, and California...
    
    , 175000 cubic kilometres (41,985 cu mi)
  • Steens flood basalts, 65000 cubic kilometres (15,594 cu mi)
• Mount Belknap Caldera (size: 17 x 13 km), Marysvale Volcanic Field
  Marysvale Volcanic Field
  The Marysvale volcanic field is located in southwestern Utah, United States.One of the largest volcanic fields in the western United States, the Marysvale straddles the Colorado Plateau-Great Basin transition zone...
  
  , southwestern Utah; 19 Ma; 150 cubic kilometres (36 cu mi) of tephra (Joe Lott member).
• Big John Caldera (size: 10 x 6 km), Marysvale Volcanic Field
  Marysvale Volcanic Field
  The Marysvale volcanic field is located in southwestern Utah, United States.One of the largest volcanic fields in the western United States, the Marysvale straddles the Colorado Plateau-Great Basin transition zone...
  
  , southwestern Utah; 22 Ma; 50 cubic kilometres (12 cu mi) of Delano Peak Tuff member.
• Monroe Peak Caldera (size: 20 x 16 km), Marysvale Volcanic Field, southwestern Utah; 23 Ma; 200 cubic kilometres (48 cu mi) of Osiris Tuff.
• Lake City calderas (size: 20 km wide), San Juan volcanic field
  San Juan volcanic field
  The San Juan volcanic field, located in southwestern Colorado, contains two distinct phases of volcanism. The earlier volcanism is Oligocene in age, and consists of largely intermediate composition lavas and breccias. A few ash flow tuffs also constitute this phase of volcanism. Later volcanism is...
  
  , Colorado; 23.1 Ma; 300 cubic kilometres (72 cu mi) of Sunshine Peak Tuff.
• Turkey Creek Caldera (size: 21 km wide), Chiricahua National Monument
  Chiricahua National Monument
  Chiricahua National Monument is a unit of the National Park Service located in the Chiricahua Mountains. It is famous for its extensive vertical rock formations. The monument is located approximately southeast of Willcox, Arizona. It preserves the remains of an immense volcanic eruption that...
  
  , Arizona; 25 Ma; 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi) of Rhyolite Canyon Formation.
• Lake City calderas (size: 20 km wide), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 25.9 Ma; 200 to 500 km³ (48 to 120 cumi) of tephra.
• Questa Caldera (size: 15 km wide), Questa-Latir volcanic locus
  Taos Plateau volcanic field
  The Taos Plateau volcanic field is an area of extensive volcanism in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. It is the second largest volcanic field in the Rio Grande Rift, spreading over 7,000 km2. The age of most of the vents and associated lava flows in the field is estimated to be...
  
  , Questa, New Mexico
  Questa, New Mexico
  Questa is a village in Taos County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 1,864 at the 2000 census. Located on the Enchanted Circle scenic highway, near the confluence of the Rio Grande and the Red River, Questa is the least tourist-oriented town on the route...
  
  ; 26 Ma, 400 cubic kilometres (96 cu mi) of Amalia Tuff.
• Creede Caldera (size: 24 km wide), San Juan Mountains
  San Juan Mountains
  The San Juan Mountains are a high and rugged mountain range in the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Colorado. The area is highly mineralized and figured in the gold and silver mining industry of early Colorado. Major towns, all old mining camps, include Creede, Lake City, Silverton, Ouray, and...
  
  , Wheeler Geologic Area
  Wheeler Geologic Area
  The Wheeler Geologic Area is a highly eroded outcropping of layers of volcanic ash, located in the La Garita Mountains of Mineral County, in southern Colorado in the western United States; about 10 miles east north-east of Creede...
  
  , San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 26.7 Ma; less than 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi) of Snowshoe Mountain Tuff.
• San Luis caldera complex (size: 18 km wide), Wheeler Geologic Area, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 26.8 Ma, 562 cubic kilometres (134.8 cu mi) of Nelson Mountain Tuff.
• San Luis caldera complex (size: 18 km wide), Wheeler Geologic Area, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 26.9 Ma, 250 cubic kilometres (60 cu mi) of Cebola Creek Tuff.
• San Luis caldera complex (size: 18 km wide), Wheeler Geologic Area, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 27 Ma, 150 cubic kilometres (36 cu mi) of Rat Creek Tuff.
• Three Creeks Caldera (size: 8 km wide), Marysvale Volcanic Field, Cove Fort-Sulphurdale area, southwestern Utah; 27 Ma; 100 to 200 km³ (24 to 48 cumi) of Three Creeks Tuff Member of the Bullion Canyon Volcanics.
• South River Caldera, Wheeler Geologic Area, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 27.1 Ma, more than 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi) of Wason Park Tuff.
• Central San Juan Caldera (concealed), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 27.2 Ma, 250 cubic kilometres (60 cu mi) of Blue Creek Tuff.
• Bachelor Caldera (size: 20 x 28 km), Wheeler Geologic Area, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 27.35 Ma; 1200 cubic kilometres (288 cu mi) of Carpenter Ridge Tuff.
• Silverton Caldera (size: 20 km), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 27.6 Ma, 50 to 100 km³ (12 to 24 cumi) of Crystal Lake Tuff.
• La Garita Caldera
  La Garita Caldera
  La Garita Caldera is a large volcanic caldera located in the San Juan volcanic field in the San Juan Mountains near the town of Creede in southwestern Colorado, United States. It lies to the west of the town of La Garita, Colorado...
  
   (size: 100 x 35 km), Wheeler Geologic Area, San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; VEI 8; more than 5000 cubic kilometres (1,200 cu mi) of Fish Canyon Tuff was blasted out in a major single eruption about 27.8 Ma.
• San Juan Caldera (size: 22 x 24 km), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 28 Ma; more than 1000 cubic kilometres (240 cu mi) of Sapinero Mesa Tuff.
• Uncompahgre Caldera (size: 23 x 20 km), Uncompahgre National Forest
  Uncompahgre National Forest
  Uncompahgre National Forest is a U.S. National Forest covering 955,229 acres in parts of Montrose, Mesa, San Miguel, Ouray, Gunnison, San Juan, and Delta Counties in western Colorado...
  
  , San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 28.1 Ma; more than 1000 cubic kilometres (240 cu mi) of Dillon/Sapinero Mesa Tuffs.
• Lost Lake Caldera (size: 10 km wide), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 28.2 Ma, 100 to 500 km³ (24 to 120 cumi) of Blue Mesa Tuff.
• Platoro alderas, San Juan volcanic field, Platoro, Conejos County, Colorado; 28.2 Ma; 1000 cubic kilometres (240 cu mi) of Chiquito Peak Tuff.
• Central San Juan Caldera (concealed), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 28.3 Ma; 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi) of Masonic Park Tuff.
• Ute Creek Caldera, Central Colorado volcanic field, Colorado; 28.3 Ma; 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi) of Ute Ridge Tuff.

  valign=top style="background:silver" | Large volume eruptions of the Southwestern Nevada volcanic field (SWNVF)

  Caldera name	State (volcanic field)		size
  Black Mountain Caldera (18 km wide)	Nevada (SWNVF)	7 Ma ±1	300 km³ (72 cu mi) of Thirsty Canyon Tuff.
  Timber Mountain caldera complex Oasis Valley Oasis Valley is a valley in the Amargosa Desert near Beatty in Nye County, western Nevada. The valley is near the Amargosa Range, and the Amargosa River flows through Oasis Valley to the Amargosa Valley.-Natural history:...  (30 x 25 km)	Nevada (SWNVF)	11.45 Ma	900 km³ (216 cu mi) of Timber Mountain Tuff - Ammonia Tanks member.
  Timber Mountain caldera complex	Nevada (SWNVF)	11.6 Ma	1200 km³ (288 cu mi) of Timber Mountain Tuff - Rainer Mesa member.
  Paintbrush Caldera Yucca Mountain The Yucca Mountain Nuclear Waste Repository was to be a deep geological repository storage facility for spent nuclear reactor fuel and other high level radioactive waste, until the project was canceled in 2009. It was to be located on federal land adjacent to the Nevada Test Site in Nye County,...  (20 km wide)	Nevada (SWNVF)	12.7 Ma	1000 km³ (240 cu mi) of Paintbrush Tuff - Topopah Spring member.
  Paintbrush Caldera	Nevada (SWNVF)	12.8 Ma	1200 km³ (288 cu mi) of Paintbrush Tuff - Tiva Canyon member
  Silent Canyon Caldera Pahute Mesa Pahute Mesa is one of four major nuclear test regions within the Nevada Test Site , and is divided into two sections: Area 19 and Area 20...  (20 x 16 km)	Nevada (SWNVF)	13 Ma	200 km³ (48 cu mi).
  Crater Flat Group	Nevada (SWNVF)	13.25 Ma	650 km³ (156 cu mi) of Belted Range Tuff

List of Rupelian calderas

The Rupelian

Rupelian

The Rupelian is, in the geologic timescale, the older of two ages or the lower of two stages of the Oligocene epoch/series. It spans the time between and . It is preceded by the Priabonian stage and is followed by the Chattian stage....

 age/stage (Paleogene

Paleogene

The Paleogene is a geologic period and system that began 65.5 ± 0.3 and ended 23.03 ± 0.05 million years ago and comprises the first part of the Cenozoic Era...

 period/system, Oligocene

Oligocene

The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present . As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the period are slightly...

 epoch/series) spans the time between 33.9 ±0.1 Ma and 28.4 ±0.1 Ma (million years ago).

• Bursum Caldera (size: 40 x 30 km), Mogollon-Datil volcanic field
  Mogollon-Datil volcanic field
  The Mogollon-Datil volcanic field is a large silicic volcanic field in western New Mexico . It is a part of an extensive Eocene to Oligocene volcanic event which includes the San Juan volcanic field in southwestern Colorado, the Trans-Pecos volcanic field in west Texas and north central Mexico, the...
  
  , New Mexico; 28.5 Ma ±0.5; 1050 cubic kilometres (251.9 cu mi) of Bloodgood Canyon Tuff.
• Bursum Caldera (size: 40 x 30 km), Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, New Mexico; 28.5 Ma ±0.5; 1200 cubic kilometres (287.9 cu mi) of Apache Springs Tuff.
• San Juan Caldera (size: 24 x 22 km), San Juan volcanic field
  San Juan volcanic field
  The San Juan volcanic field, located in southwestern Colorado, contains two distinct phases of volcanism. The earlier volcanism is Oligocene in age, and consists of largely intermediate composition lavas and breccias. A few ash flow tuffs also constitute this phase of volcanism. Later volcanism is...
  
  , Colorado; 28.5 Ma; 900 cubic kilometres (215.9 cu mi) of tephra.
• Summitville Caldera (size: 12 x 8 km), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 28.5 Ma; 100 to 500 km³ (24 to 120 cumi) of Ojito Creek/ La Jadero Tuffs.
• Mount Hope (size: 15 km), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 29 Ma; 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi) of Masonic Park Tuff.
• Around White Rock caldera (size: 50 km North-South), White Rock Mountains
  White Rock Mountains
  The White Rock Mountains are a mountain range attached to the Wilson Creek Range on the west, which both form the northeast headwaters of the Meadow Valley Wash.. To the south of Meadow Valley Wash are the Cedar Range and the Clover Mountains....
  
  , Great Basin, Nevada; 29.02 Ma ±0.04; 2600 cubic kilometres (623.8 cu mi) of Lund Tuff.
• Ute Creek (size: 8 km wide), San Juan volcanic field, Colorado; 29 Ma; 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi) of Ute Ridge Tuff.
• Platoro calderas (size: 12 x 18 km), San Juan volcanic field, Platoro, Conejos County, Colorado; 29.5 Ma; 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi) of Black Mountain Tuff.
• Indian Peak, Eastern Nevada; 29.5 Ma; more than 3200 cubic kilometres (768 cu mi) of Wah Wah Springs Tuff.
• Platoro calderas (size: 18 x 22 km), San Juan volcanic field, Platoro, Conejos County, Colorado; 30 Ma; 592 cubic kilometres (142 cu mi) of La Jara Canyon Tuff.
• Goodsight-Cedar Hills volcano-tectonic depression (Bell Top Formation), south-central New Mexico; 30.5 Ma ±1.5, 295 cubic kilometres (70.8 cu mi) of tephra (Bell Top Formation).
• William's Ridge, Central Nevada; 31.4 Ma; 3500 cubic kilometres (839.7 cu mi) of Windous Butte Tuff.
• North Pass
  North Pass
  North Pass is a mountain pass over the Continental Divide in Colorado traversed by state route 114 between Saguache, Colorado and Gunnison, Colorado. It is an all-weather paved road, but, as of 2011, there are no snow plows operating between 7 PM and 7 AM....
  
   Caldera, Cochetopa Hills
  Cochetopa Hills
  The Cochetopa Hills are a ridge of uplands on the Continental Divide in southern Colorado. The ridge bridges the southern terminus of the Sawatch Range to the northern terminus of the La Garita Mountains. The Cochetopa Hills are characterized by rolling terrain with peaks between 11,000 and 12,000...
  
  , Central Colorado volcanic field; 32.25 Ma; 400 to 500 km³ (96 to 120 cumi) of Saguache Creek Tuff.
• Organ Caldera (size: 16 km wide), Organ Mountains
  Organ Mountains
  The Organ Mountains are a rugged mountain range in southern New Mexico in the Southwestern United States. They lie east of the city of Las Cruces, in Doña Ana County.-Geography:...
  
  , New Mexico; 32 Ma, 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi) of Cueva Soledad Rhyolite.
• Chinati Caldera (size: 30 x 20 km), Chinati Mountains
  Chinati Mountains
  The Chinati Mountains of Texas are a small range in the high desert of far West Texas near the city of Presidio. There is a pass through the mountains on Ranch to Market Road 2810, also known as Pinto Canyon Road, which connects to Farm to Market Road 170 at Ruidosa, Texas...
  
  , Texas; 32.5 Ma ±0.5, 1000 cubic kilometres (239.9 cu mi) of Mitchel Mesa Rhyolite.
• Bonanza (size: 12 km wide), Central Colorado volcanic field; Colorado; 32.5 Ma, more than 100 cubic kilometres (24 cu mi) of Bonanza Tuff.
• Cowboy Rim (size: 26 x 18 km), Animas Mountains
  Animas Mountains
  The Animas Mountains are a small mountain range in Hidalgo County, within the "Boot-Heel" region of far southwestern New Mexico, in the United States. They extend north-south for about 30 miles along the Continental Divide, from near the town of Animas to a few miles north of the border with...
  
  , Hidalgo County, New Mexico
  Hidalgo County, New Mexico
  -2010:Whereas according to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:*85.3% White*0.6% Black*0.8% Native American*0.5% Asian*0.0% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander*1.8% Two or more races*11.0% Other races*56.6% Hispanic or Latino...
  
  ; 33 Ma, 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi) of Gillespie Tuff.
• Emory Caldera (size: 25 x 55 km), Mogollon-Datil volcanic field, City of Rocks State Park; 33 Ma; VEI 8; 1310 cubic kilometres (314 cu mi) of Kneeling Nun Tuff.
• Socorro Caldera (size: 25 x 35 km), Rio Grande rift
  Rio Grande Rift
  The Rio Grande Rift is a north-trending continental rift zone. It separates the Colorado Plateau in the west from the interior of the North American craton on the east. The rift extends from central Colorado in the north to the state of Chihuahua, Mexico in the south. The rift zone consists of four...
  
  , Socorro, New Mexico
  Socorro, New Mexico
  Socorro is a city in Socorro County in the U.S. state of New Mexico. It stands in the Rio Grande Valley at an elevation of . The population was 9,051 at the 2010 census...
  
  ; 33 Ma, 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi) of Hells Mesa Rhyolite.
• Marshall Creek, Thirtynine Mile volcanic area, Central Colorado volcanic field; Colorado; 33.7 Ma; more than 100 cubic kilometres (24 cu mi) of Thorn Ranch Tuff.
• Mount Aetna (size: 10 km wide), Central Colorado volcanic field; Colorado; 33.81 Ma, 100 cubic kilometres (24 cu mi) of Badger Creek Tuff.
• Grizzly Peak Caldera
  Grizzly Peak (Colorado)
  Grizzly Peak is a mountain in Colorado, the highest thirteener in the state. The mountain is composed of andesite lava flows and breccias of Oligocene age. It is located in the Sawatch Range on the Continental Divide, on the border between Pitkin County and Chaffee County...
  
   (size: 12 km wide), Central Colorado volcanic field; Colorado; 34.31 Ma; 100 cubic kilometres (24 cu mi) of Grizzly Peak Rhyolite.
• Juniper Caldera (size: 25 km), Animas Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico; 35 Ma; 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi) of Oak Creek Tuff.
• Mount Princeton
  Mount Princeton
  Mount Princeton is one of the fourteeners of the US state of Colorado. It lies in the Collegiate Peaks, in the central part of the Sawatch Range, just west of the Arkansas River. While not one of the highest peaks of the Sawatch, it is one of the most dramatic, as it rises over 6,500 feet from the...
  
   (eroded), Central Colorado volcanic field; Colorado; 35.3 Ma ±0.6; more than 1000 cubic kilometres (239.9 cu mi) of Wall Mountain Tuff.
• Davis Mountains, Texas; 35.35 Ma ±0.6; 210 cubic kilometres (50.4 cu mi) of tuffs of Wild Cherry, Lavas of Casket Mountain.
• Davis Mountains, Texas; 35.61 Ma ±0.09; 200 cubic kilometres (48 cu mi) of Barrel Springs Formation and ash flow tuff.
• Quitman Caldera (size: 15 x 10 km), Quitman Mountains, Hudspeth County, Texas
  Hudspeth County, Texas
  Hudspeth County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. It is one of the nine counties that comprise the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas. As of 2000, the population was 3,344. By 2010, the population had increased to 3,476. Its county seat is Sierra Blanca. The largest city is Fort Hancock...
  
  ; 36 Ma; 300 cubic kilometres (72 cu mi) of Square Peak Volcanics.
• Davis Mountains, Texas; 36.2 Ma ±0.6; 300 cubic kilometres (72 cu mi) of Mafic lavas.
• Davis Mountains, Texas; 36.33 Ma ±0.13; 150 cubic kilometres (36 cu mi) of tephra (Paisano Volcano).
• Davis Mountains, Texas; 36.51 Ma ±0.05; 210 cubic kilometres (50.4 cu mi) of Adobe Canyon and Limpia Formations.
• Davis Mountains
  Davis Mountains
  The Davis Mountains are a range of mountains in West Texas, located near Fort Davis, after which they are named. They are a popular site for camping and hiking and the region includes Fort Davis National Historic Site and Davis Mountains State Park...
  
   (fissures), Texas; 36.82 Ma ±0.08; 1250 cubic kilometres (299.9 cu mi) of Flood rhyolites, rhyolite domes, and Gomez Tuff.
• Muir Caldera (size: 26 x 18 km wide), Hidalgo County, New Mexico; 37 Ma; 300 cubic kilometres (72 cu mi) of Woodhaul Canyon tephra.
• Infernito Caldera (size: 12 km wide), Trans-Pecos
  Trans-Pecos
  The term Trans-Pecos, as originally defined in 1887 by the Texas geologist Robert T. Hill, refers to the portion of Texas that lies west of the Pecos River. The term is considered synonymous with "Far West Texas", a subdivision of West Texas...
  
  , Texas; 37.5 Ma ±0.5; 70 to 100 km³ (16.8 to 24 cumi) of Buckshot Tuff.
• Thomas Caldera (size: 16 x 25 km wide), Delta, Utah
  Delta, Utah
  Delta is a city in Millard County, Utah, United States. The population was 3,209 at the 2000 census.-Geography:Delta is located at ....
  
  ; 39 Ma; 400 cubic kilometres (96 cu mi) of Mount Laird Tuff.
• Twin Peaks Caldera (size: 20 km), Challis volcanic field, Custer, Idaho; 45 Ma, 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi) of Challis Creek Tuff.
• Van Horn cauldron complex (size: 34 x 48 km), Challis volcanic field, Custer, Idaho
  Custer, Idaho
  Custer is a ghost town in Custer County, Idaho, United States. Established in 1877, it is located at , at an elevation of 6,470 feet . It lies along Yankee Fork Road southwest of the city of Challis, within the Challis National Forest.In 1981, the community was listed on the National...
  
  ; 46 Ma ±0.6; unknown amount of Elis Creek Tuff.
• Silver Bell Caldera (size: 8 km wide), Arizona; 55.8 Ma ; unknown amount of Mount Laird Tuff.
• Silver Bell Caldera (size: 8 km wide), Arizona; 68 Ma; 150 cubic kilometres (36 cu mi) of Lithic Tuff.
• Tucson Mountain Caldera
  Santa Catalina Mountains
  The Santa Catalina Mountains, commonly referred to as the Catalina Mountains, are located north, and northeast of Tucson, Arizona, United States, on Tucson's north perimeter. The mountain range is the most prominent in the Tucson area, with the highest average elevation...
  
   (size: 25 km wide), Tucson Mountains
  Tucson Mountains
  The Tucson Mountains are a minor mountain range west of Tucson, Arizona. The Tucson Mountains, including Wasson Peak, are one of four notable mountain ranges surrounding the Tucson valley...
  
  , Arizona; 73 Ma; 500 cubic kilometres (120 cu mi) of Cat Mountain Tuff.

Maps

• Overview map at Basin and Range Province.
• Map of the Basin and Range Province
• Map: Thelin and Pike (1991), Landforms of the conterminous United States - A digital shaded-relief portrayal, USGS Map I-2206
• Global Positioning System (GPS) Time Series
• Great Basin/ Nevada

}
}

• • • • • Supplemental material: Columbia River Basalt Group
          Columbia River Basalt Group
          The Columbia River Basalt Group is a large igneous province that lies across parts of the Western United States. It is found in the U.S. states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Nevada, and California...
          
          , eruptive loci
    • Great Basin/ Utah
    
    }
    • Colorado
    
    }
    }
    • New Mexico
    
    }
    }
    • • Mogollon-Datil volcanic field
        Mogollon-Datil volcanic field
        The Mogollon-Datil volcanic field is a large silicic volcanic field in western New Mexico . It is a part of an extensive Eocene to Oligocene volcanic event which includes the San Juan volcanic field in southwestern Colorado, the Trans-Pecos volcanic field in west Texas and north central Mexico, the...
        
        
    
    } citing from
    The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.