Jiaxing
Encyclopedia
Jiaxing is a prefecture-level city
in northern Zhejiang
province of Eastern China
. Lying on the Grand Canal of China
, Jiaxing borders Hangzhou
to the southwest, Huzhou
to the west, Shanghai
to the northeast, and the province of Jiangsu
to the north.
of Jiaxing administers 7 county-level divisions, including 2 districts, 3 county-level cities
and 2 counties.
These are further divided into 75 township-level divisions, including 60 towns, 2 townships and 13 subdistrict
s.
', and hence is a producer of textile
s as well, including woollens. It is one of the world's largest exporters of leather
goods. There are mechanical, chemical and electronic industries there.
Jiaxing is an important energy base in East China area. Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant
, the first self-designed nuclear power station in China, is located Haiyan County.
and Fangjiashan Nuclear Power Plant
(under construction) are located in Haiyan county of Jiaxing.
Jiaxing will be a station on the proposed Shanghai-Hangzhou Maglev Train Line
.
Jiaxing is on the Shanghai-Hangzhou Highway and 320 National Highway. In the mean time, Beijing-Hangzhou Great Canal runs across Jiaxing.
Wu dialect, and a sister dialect of both Shanghainese
and Suzhou dialect
. Jiaxing dialect is mutually intelligible with both Suzhou dialect and Shanghainese.
, Vestfold
, Norway
signed a friendship agreement in May 2001. The agreement establishes exchange and cooperation in many fields, especially in those of education and environmental protection
and technology
, the latter focusing on improving conditions of both water, soil, and air.
Plymouth
, Devon
, United Kingdom
. Educational and economic links established between the respective cities and their regions since 2006. Fuji
, Shizuoka
, Japan
Gangneung
, Gangwon-do
, South Korea
Quincy
, Illinois
, United States
Rockville
, Maryland
, United States
Bunbury
, Western Australia
, Australia
. Business links since November 2008.
Prefecture-level city
A prefectural level city , prefectural city or prefectural level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative...
in northern Zhejiang
Zhejiang
Zhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital...
province of Eastern China
East China
East China is a geographical and a loosely-defined cultural region that covers the eastern coastal area of China.Although an intangible and loosely defined concept, for administrative and governmental purposes, the region is defined by the government of the People's Republic of China to include...
. Lying on the Grand Canal of China
Grand Canal of China
The Grand Canal in China, also known as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is the longest canal or artificial river in the world. Starting at Beijing, it passes through Tianjin and the provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the city of Hangzhou...
, Jiaxing borders Hangzhou
Hangzhou
Hangzhou , formerly transliterated as Hangchow, is the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. Governed as a sub-provincial city, and as of 2010, its entire administrative division or prefecture had a registered population of 8.7 million people...
to the southwest, Huzhou
Huzhou
Huzhou is a prefecture-level city in northern Zhejiang province of Eastern China. Lying south of the Lake Tai, it borders Jiaxing to the east, Hangzhou to the south, and the provinces of Anhui and Jiangsu to the west and north respectively.-Administration:...
to the west, Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
to the northeast, and the province of Jiangsu
Jiangsu
' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. The name comes from jiang, short for the city of Jiangning , and su, for the city of Suzhou. The abbreviation for this province is "苏" , the second character of its name...
to the north.
Administration
The prefecture-level cityPrefecture-level city
A prefectural level city , prefectural city or prefectural level municipality is an administrative division of the People's Republic of China, ranking below a province and above a county in China's administrative structure. Prefectural level cities form the second level of the administrative...
of Jiaxing administers 7 county-level divisions, including 2 districts, 3 county-level cities
County-level city
A county-level city is a county-level administrative division of mainland China. County-level cities are usually governed by prefecture-level divisions, but a few are governed directly by province-level divisions....
and 2 counties.
- Nanhu DistrictNanhu DistrictNanhu District is a district in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province of China. Its former name was Xiucheng District , and it changed to current name on 17 May 2005. Total area is 425.83 km2, and total population is 450,000 in 2001....
(南湖区) - Xiuzhou DistrictXiuzhou DistrictXiuzhou District is a district in Jiaxing, Zhejiang, China. It is located between Shanghai and Hangzhou. There is 90KM to Shanghai in the northeast, 80KM to Hangzhou in the southwest and 70KM to Suzhou in the north. It is an important urban district of Jiaxing city...
(秀洲区) - Haining City (海宁市)
- Pinghu City (平湖市)
- TongxiangTongxiangTongxiang City is a county-level city, part of Jiaxing , in northern Zhejiang Province, China. Population : 109,976.The scenic town of Wuzhen is part of Tongxiang....
City (桐乡市) - Jiashan CountyJiashan CountyJiashan County is a county of Zhejiang Province, China, administered by the prefecture-level city Jiaxing. Jiashan is nicknamed the "The Land of Fish and Rice". It is 80 kilometers west of Shanghai, 95 kilometers east of Hangzhou, and 90 kilometers south of Suzhou...
(嘉善县) - Haiyan CountyHaiyan County, ZhejiangHaiyan County is a county in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province of China.Its area is 503 km2. Population is 370,000. Postal code: 314300.The county government is located on 118 Zaoyuan Middle Rd, Wuyuan town....
(海盐县)
These are further divided into 75 township-level divisions, including 60 towns, 2 townships and 13 subdistrict
Subdistrict
Subdistrict is a low level administrative division of a country. In Thailand it may refer to the King Amphoe or to the Tambon. In England and Wales it was part of a Registration district....
s.
History
- Spring and Autumn Period: Jiaxing is known as Zuili (Drunken Plums) and is an important city in the state of YuèYue (state)Yue was a state in China which existed during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period , in the modern province of Zhejiang. During the Spring and Autumn Period, its capital was in Guiji , near the modern city of Shaoxing...
. - 210 BC210 BCYear 210 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marcellus and Laevinus...
: Qin Shi HuangQin Shi HuangQin Shi Huang , personal name Ying Zheng , was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 246 BC to 221 BC during the Warring States Period. He became the first emperor of a unified China in 221 BC...
changed the name of Jiaxing from Changshui District (长水县) to Youquan (由拳縣). - 231: Master Yedao (野稻) of Jiaxing informed Sun QuanSun QuanSun Quan , son of Sun Jian, formally Emperor Da of Wu, was the founder of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. He ruled from 222 to 229 as King of Wu and from 229 to 252 as Emperor of Wu....
of the Kingdom of Wu that there was a sign of auspice, so Sun changed Youchuan to Hexing District (禾興縣). This why Jiaxing's abbreviation is He. Sun also changed his era nameChinese era nameA Chinese era name is the regnal year, reign period, or regnal title used when traditionally numbering years in an emperor's reign and naming certain Chinese rulers . Some emperors have several era names, one after another, where each beginning of a new era resets the numbering of the year back...
to Jiahe (嘉禾) in the following year. - January 242: Sun HeSun HeSun He , style name Zixiao , formally known as Emperor Wen , was a son and crown prince of Eastern Wu's founding emperor Sun Quan during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history...
was made the crown princeCrown PrinceA crown prince or crown princess is the heir or heiress apparent to the throne in a royal or imperial monarchy. The wife of a crown prince is also titled crown princess....
. To prevent the name taboo, Jiahe was changed to Jiaxing. - 938: (Later Jin of the Five Dynasties): Xiu Prefecture (秀州) established
- 1117: (Song DynastySong DynastyThe Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...
): Lianghe District (亮禾郡) - 1429: (Ming DynastyMing DynastyThe Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
): Xiushui District (秀水縣) was established northwest of Jiaxing. - Early 1900s (the Republic of ChinaRepublic of ChinaThe Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
): Xiushui and Jiaxing were combined into Jiahe County - 1914: Reverted to Jiaxing County (because there's a Jiahe in Hunan Province)
- 1921: Communist Party of ChinaCommunist Party of ChinaThe Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
founded at the South Lake in Jiaxing. - 1949 – 1958, 1979 (PRCPeople's Republic of ChinaChina , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
): Upgraded to a city - 1981: Old Jiaxing County merged into the city
- 1983: Upgraded to prefecture-level city
Economy
Jiaxing is known as the 'home of silkSilk
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The best-known type of silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity...
', and hence is a producer of textile
Textile
A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands...
s as well, including woollens. It is one of the world's largest exporters of leather
Leather
Leather is a durable and flexible material created via the tanning of putrescible animal rawhide and skin, primarily cattlehide. It can be produced through different manufacturing processes, ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry.-Forms:...
goods. There are mechanical, chemical and electronic industries there.
Jiaxing is an important energy base in East China area. Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant
Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant
The Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant is a multi-unit nuclear plant under construction in Qinshan Town, Haiyan County, Zhejiang, the People's Republic of China. When completed, it may hold the record for the most nuclear reactors on one site; however, since the majority of the units are mid-size, it may...
, the first self-designed nuclear power station in China, is located Haiyan County.
Jiaxing Export Processing Zone
Established in 2003, Jiaxing Export Processing Zone is a state-level export processing zone approved by State Council. It has a built-up area of 2.98 sqkm. Its development goal is to become the export processing base for IT, IC, mechanical and electrical, electronics and other high-tech industries.Nuclear Sites
Qinshan Nuclear Power PlantQinshan Nuclear Power Plant
The Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant is a multi-unit nuclear plant under construction in Qinshan Town, Haiyan County, Zhejiang, the People's Republic of China. When completed, it may hold the record for the most nuclear reactors on one site; however, since the majority of the units are mid-size, it may...
and Fangjiashan Nuclear Power Plant
Fangjiashan Nuclear Power Plant
Fangjiashan Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power plant in the Zhejiang province, China, adjacent to the existing Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant.Two 1,080 megawatt CPR-1000 pressurized water reactors are under construction, at a total cost of 26 billion yuan .'First concrete' for the...
(under construction) are located in Haiyan county of Jiaxing.
Tourism
- South Lake, where the Communist Party of ChinaCommunist Party of ChinaThe Communist Party of China , also known as the Chinese Communist Party , is the founding and ruling political party of the People's Republic of China...
was officially founded.
Transportation
Jiaxing is situated at the juncture of the Hangzhou-Shanghai Railway.Jiaxing will be a station on the proposed Shanghai-Hangzhou Maglev Train Line
Shanghai-Hangzhou Maglev Train
Shanghai-Hangzhou Maglev Train is a proposed maglev train line from Shanghai to Hangzhou, to be built by Germany's Transrapid consortium . Originally planned to be ready for Expo 2010, the controversial project was repeatedly delayed, with final approval being granted on August 18, 2008...
.
Jiaxing is on the Shanghai-Hangzhou Highway and 320 National Highway. In the mean time, Beijing-Hangzhou Great Canal runs across Jiaxing.
Culture
Jiaxing dialect is a NorthernTaihu Wu dialects
Taihu Wu dialects , or Northern Wu dialects , are a group of Wu dialects spoken over much of southern part of Jiangsu province, including Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou, the southern part of Nantong, Jingjiang and Danyang; the municipality of Shanghai; and the northern part of Zhejiang province, including...
Wu dialect, and a sister dialect of both Shanghainese
Shanghainese
Shanghainese , or the Shanghai language , is a dialect of Wu Chinese spoken in the city of Shanghai and the surrounding region. It is classified as part of the Sino-Tibetan family of languages. Shanghainese, like other Wu dialects, is largely not mutually intelligible with other Chinese varieties...
and Suzhou dialect
Suzhou dialect
Suzhou dialect is a dialect of Wu, one of the subdivisions of Chinese spoken language. It is spoken in the city of Suzhou, in Jiangsu province of China, and is the traditional prestige dialect of Wu....
. Jiaxing dialect is mutually intelligible with both Suzhou dialect and Shanghainese.
Notable people
- Zhu Yizun (朱彝尊), scholar
- Wang GuoweiWang GuoweiWang Guowei , courtesy name Jing'an or Baiyu , was a Chinese scholar, writer and poet...
(王国维), scholar, writer and poet - Xu ZhimoXu ZhimoXu Zhimo was an early 20th century Chinese poet. He was given the name of Zhangxu and the courtesy name of Yousen . He later changed his courtesy name to Zhimo ....
(徐志摩), poet - Shiing-Shen ChernShiing-Shen ChernShiing-Shen Chern was a Chinese American mathematician, one of the leaders in differential geometry of the twentieth century.-Early years in China:...
(陈省身), mathematician - Mao DunMao DunMao Dun was the pen name of Shen Dehong , a 20th century Chinese novelist, cultural critic, and journalist. He was also the Minister of Culture of China from 1949 to 1965. He is currently renowned as one of the best realist novelists in the history of modern China...
(茅盾. or 沈德鴻, or沈雁冰), novelist, critic, journalist - Zhang Yuanji (张元济), publisher
- Zhang ZhongjunZhang ZhongjunProf.Dr. Zhang Zhongjun Zhang was born in Jiashan, Zhejiang Province in 1913...
(张钟俊), scientist - Xu KuangdiXu KuangdiXu Kuangdi KmstkNO is a Chinese politician of the ruling Communist Party. He was mayor of Shanghai from 1995 to 2001. He supervised the transformation of Shanghai during his administration into a center for international investment and trade that helped lead the intensive development of China's...
(徐匡迪), scientist, politician - Zhu ShenghaoZhu ShenghaoZhu Shenghao was a Chinese translator. Born in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province of China, he was among the first few in China who translated the works of William Shakespeare's into Chinese language...
(朱生豪), translator - Zhang LepingZhang LepingZhang Leping was a comic artist born in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China. He played a key role in the development of modern manhua in China, and is mostly remembered for his work in Sanmao.-Early history:...
(张乐平), cartoonist - Yang BorunYang BorunYang Borun , born Yang Peifu , was a well-known Chinese poet, calligrapher, and painter of the Shanghai school.Yang was born to a scholarly family in Jiaxing, Zhejiang, he arrived in Shanghai in the early 1860s. Yang sold his paintings, mostly landscapes, to support the family...
(杨伯润), poet, calligrapher, painter - Jin Yong (金庸), novelist
- Fan Xiping (范西屏), Go player
- Miao Huixin , artist
- Shen JunruShen JunruShen Junru was a Chinese lawyer, political figure, and the first President of the Supreme People's Court of China in the People's Republic of China.-Biography:...
(沈钧儒), politician, patriot - Wu Outing (吴藕汀), poet, painter, culture scholar
- Yu DafuYu DafuYu Dafu . Born in Fuyang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, was a modern Chinese short story writer and poet.-Early years:...
(郁达夫）, author - Zhou HanmingZhou HanmingZhou Hanming is a Chinese sabre fencer, who competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics.-External links:*http://2008teamchina.olympic.cn/index.php/personview/personsen/529...
, mathematician
Twinning
SandefjordSandefjord
is a city and municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sandefjord. The municipality of Sandefjord was established on 1 January 1838...
, Vestfold
Vestfold
is a county in Norway, bordering Buskerud and Telemark. The county administration is in Tønsberg.Vestfold is located west of the Oslofjord, as the name indicates. It includes many smaller, but well-known towns in Norway, such as Larvik, Sandefjord, Tønsberg and Horten. The river Numedalslågen runs...
, Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
signed a friendship agreement in May 2001. The agreement establishes exchange and cooperation in many fields, especially in those of education and environmental protection
Environmental protection
Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the environment, on individual, organizational or governmental level, for the benefit of the natural environment and humans. Due to the pressures of population and our technology the biophysical environment is being degraded, sometimes permanently...
and technology
Environmental technology
Environmental technology or green technology or clean technology is the application of one or more of environmental science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic devices to monitor, model and conserve the natural environment and resources, and to curb the negative impacts of...
, the latter focusing on improving conditions of both water, soil, and air.
PlymouthPlymouth
Plymouth is a city and unitary authority area on the coast of Devon, England, about south-west of London. It is built between the mouths of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west, where they join Plymouth Sound...
, Devon
Devon
Devon is a large county in southwestern England. The county is sometimes referred to as Devonshire, although the term is rarely used inside the county itself as the county has never been officially "shired", it often indicates a traditional or historical context.The county shares borders with...
, United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
. Educational and economic links established between the respective cities and their regions since 2006. Fuji
Fuji, Shizuoka
is a city in eastern Shizuoka Prefecture. Fuji is the 3rd largest city in terms of population in Shizuoka Prefecture, trailing Hamamatsu and Shizuoka. As of February 2010, the city has an estimated population of 254,113 and a population density of 1040 persons per km²...
, Shizuoka
Shizuoka Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region on Honshu island. The capital is the city of Shizuoka.- History :Shizuoka prefecture was formed from the former Tōtōmi, Suruga and Izu provinces.The area was the home of the first Tokugawa Shogun...
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
Gangneung
Gangneung
Gangneung is a city in Gangwon-do, on the east coast of South Korea. It has a population of 229,869 . Gangneung is the economic centre of the Yeongdong region of eastern Gangwon Province. Gangneung has many tourist attractions, like Jeongdongjin, one of the most famous towns in Korea...
, Gangwon-do
Gangwon-do (South Korea)
Gangwon-do is a province of South Korea, with its capital at Chuncheon. Before the division of Korea in 1945, Gangwon and its North Korean neighbour Kangwŏn formed a single province.-History:...
, South Korea
South Korea
The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...
Quincy
Quincy, Illinois
Quincy, known as Illinois' "Gem City," is a river city along the Mississippi River and the county seat of Adams County. As of the 2010 census the city held a population of 40,633. The city anchors its own micropolitan area and is the economic and regional hub of West-central Illinois, catering a...
, Illinois
Illinois
Illinois is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal,...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
Rockville
Rockville, Maryland
Rockville is the county seat of Montgomery County, Maryland, United States. It is a major incorporated city in the central part of Montgomery County and forms part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. The 2010 U.S...
, Maryland
Maryland
Maryland is a U.S. state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia, and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east...
, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
Bunbury
Bunbury, Western Australia
The port city of Bunbury is the third largest city in Western Australia after the State Capital Perth and Mandurah. It is situated south of Perth's central business district...
, Western Australia
Western Australia
Western Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Great Australian Bight and Indian Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east and South Australia to the south-east...
, Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
. Business links since November 2008.