Jaroslaw
Encyclopedia
Jarosław j is a town in south-eastern Poland
, with 40,167 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009. Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship
(since 1999), previously in Przemyśl Voivodeship
(1975–1998). It is the capital of Jarosław County.
prince Yaroslav the Wise in the 11th century. It was granted Magdeburg rights
by Polish prince Władysław Opolczyk in 1375.
The city quickly developed as important trade centre and a port
on the San river
, reaching the period of its greatest prosperity in 16th and 17th century, with trade route
s linking Silesia
with Ruthenia
and Gdańsk
with Hungary
coming through it and merchants from such distant countries as Spain, England
, Finland
, Armenia
and Persia
arriving at the annual three week long fair
on the feast of the Assumption
. In 1574 a Jesuit college
was established in Jarosław.
In the 1590s Tatars
from the Ottoman Empire
pillaged the surrounding countryside. (See Moldavian Magnate Wars
, The Magnate Wars (1593–1617), Causes.) They were unable to overcome the city's fortification
s, but their raids started to diminish the city's economic strength and importance. Outbreaks of bubonic plague
in the 1620s and the Swedish The Deluge in 1655-60 further undermined its prominence. In the Great Northern War
of 1700-21 the region was repeatedly pillaged by Russian
, Saxon
and Swedish
armies, causing the city to decline further.
Jarosław was under Austrian rule from the First Partition of Poland
in 1772 until Poland regained independence in 1918. After the 2nd World War the city remained part of Poland. Poland's communist
government expelled most of Jarosław's Ukrainian population, at first to Soviet
territories and later to territories transferred from Germany to Poland in 1944-45.
The first rabbi of Jeroslaw was rabbi Nathan Neta Ashkenazi, in 1590. A year later the new "Council of four countries" (Vaad Arba Aratzot) began convening in Jaroslaw, rotating the meeting with city of Lvov
.
Until 1608 with a small Jewish community, religious facilities where not allowed. Still rabbi Solomon Efraim of Lontschitz (the author of "Kli Yakar") a prominent and well known rabbi lived here. By 1670 there was a large "government" synagogue, created although protested by the Christian community of the city. During attacks on the city by Tatars and Swedes, Jewish merchandise and sometimes homes where set fire to. In 1765 there were 1,884 Jews in the city and towns around it. A Jewish school was established sometime later. Famous rabbi Levi Isaac of Barditchev studied here circa 1760 and was called "the genius of Yeruslav". A fire in 1805 burnt down the old synagogue and a new one, was established more according to tradition, to replace it. The new synagogue was completed in 1811. A census taken in 1901 notes that Jews where 25% of the population: 5701 Jewish families.
In a story about the Jacob Kranc told by Rabby Jacob Orenstein around 1850, about the appointment of the Jarosław rabbi
In 1921 the last rabbi was appointed, rabbi Shmaiya Halevi Steinberg. He wrote a book about the Jews of his town, and in the 1930s sent two copies to the National Hebrew Library in Jerusalem. These copies are the only surviving copies of the book after the holocaust.
In September 1939, Jarosław was captured by Germany with no battle. Most of the Jews crossed the Sahn river to the Soviet side and hid in the Ural mountains, including the elder rabbi and his family. Those that stayed were shot and killed by the German soldiers.
The first transport to Auschwitz coincided with 19 (non Jewish) Poles from Jaroslaw.
with:
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, with 40,167 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009. Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Subcarpathian Voivodeship
Podkarpackie Voivodeship , or Subcarpathian Voivodeship, is a voivodeship, or province, in extreme-southeastern Poland. Its administrative capital and largest city is Rzeszów...
(since 1999), previously in Przemyśl Voivodeship
Przemysl Voivodeship
Przemyśl Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Its capital city was Przemyśl.-See also:* Voivodeships of Poland...
(1975–1998). It is the capital of Jarosław County.
History
The city was established by the RuthenianRuthenians
The name Ruthenian |Rus']]) is a culturally loaded term and has different meanings according to the context in which it is used. Initially, it was the ethnonym used for the East Slavic peoples who lived in Rus'. Later it was used predominantly for Ukrainians...
prince Yaroslav the Wise in the 11th century. It was granted Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg Rights or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted by a local ruler. Modelled and named after the laws of the German city of Magdeburg and developed during many centuries of the Holy Roman Empire, it was...
by Polish prince Władysław Opolczyk in 1375.
The city quickly developed as important trade centre and a port
Port
A port is a location on a coast or shore containing one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land....
on the San river
San River
The San is a river in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine, a tributary of the Vistula River, with a length of 433 km and a basin area of 16,861 km2...
, reaching the period of its greatest prosperity in 16th and 17th century, with trade route
Trade route
A trade route is a logistical network identified as a series of pathways and stoppages used for the commercial transport of cargo. Allowing goods to reach distant markets, a single trade route contains long distance arteries which may further be connected to several smaller networks of commercial...
s linking Silesia
Silesia
Silesia is a historical region of Central Europe located mostly in Poland, with smaller parts also in the Czech Republic, and Germany.Silesia is rich in mineral and natural resources, and includes several important industrial areas. Silesia's largest city and historical capital is Wrocław...
with Ruthenia
Ruthenia
Ruthenia is the Latin word used onwards from the 13th century, describing lands of the Ancient Rus in European manuscripts. Its geographic and culturo-ethnic name at that time was applied to the parts of Eastern Europe. Essentially, the word is a false Latin rendering of the ancient place name Rus...
and Gdańsk
Gdansk
Gdańsk is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the...
with Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
coming through it and merchants from such distant countries as Spain, England
Kingdom of England
The Kingdom of England was, from 927 to 1707, a sovereign state to the northwest of continental Europe. At its height, the Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain and several smaller outlying islands; what today comprises the legal jurisdiction of England...
, Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
, Armenia
Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
and Persia
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
arriving at the annual three week long fair
Fair
A fair or fayre is a gathering of people to display or trade produce or other goods, to parade or display animals and often to enjoy associated carnival or funfair entertainment. It is normally of the essence of a fair that it is temporary; some last only an afternoon while others may ten weeks. ...
on the feast of the Assumption
Assumption of Mary
According to the belief of Christians of the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy, and parts of the Anglican Communion and Continuing Anglicanism, the Assumption of Mary was the bodily taking up of the Virgin Mary into Heaven at the end of her life...
. In 1574 a Jesuit college
College
A college is an educational institution or a constituent part of an educational institution. Usage varies in English-speaking nations...
was established in Jarosław.
In the 1590s Tatars
Tatars
Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,...
from the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
pillaged the surrounding countryside. (See Moldavian Magnate Wars
Moldavian Magnate Wars
The Moldavian Magnate Wars refer to the period at the end of the 16th century and the beginning of the 17th century when the magnates of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth intervened in the affairs of Moldavia, clashing with the Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire for domination and influence over the...
, The Magnate Wars (1593–1617), Causes.) They were unable to overcome the city's fortification
Fortification
Fortifications are military constructions and buildings designed for defence in warfare and military bases. Humans have constructed defensive works for many thousands of years, in a variety of increasingly complex designs...
s, but their raids started to diminish the city's economic strength and importance. Outbreaks of bubonic plague
Bubonic plague
Plague is a deadly infectious disease that is caused by the enterobacteria Yersinia pestis, named after the French-Swiss bacteriologist Alexandre Yersin. Primarily carried by rodents and spread to humans via fleas, the disease is notorious throughout history, due to the unrivaled scale of death...
in the 1620s and the Swedish The Deluge in 1655-60 further undermined its prominence. In the Great Northern War
Great Northern War
The Great Northern War was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in northern Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swedish alliance were Peter I the Great of Russia, Frederick IV of...
of 1700-21 the region was repeatedly pillaged by Russian
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
, Saxon
Saxony
The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked state of Germany, contingent with Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, the Czech Republic and Poland. It is the tenth-largest German state in area, with of Germany's sixteen states....
and Swedish
Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire refers to the Kingdom of Sweden between 1561 and 1721 . During this time, Sweden was one of the great European powers. In Swedish, the period is called Stormaktstiden, literally meaning "the Great Power Era"...
armies, causing the city to decline further.
Jarosław was under Austrian rule from the First Partition of Poland
First Partition of Poland
The First Partition of Poland or First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that ended the existence of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth by 1795. Growth in the Russian Empire's power, threatening the Kingdom of Prussia and the...
in 1772 until Poland regained independence in 1918. After the 2nd World War the city remained part of Poland. Poland's communist
Communism
Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...
government expelled most of Jarosław's Ukrainian population, at first to Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
territories and later to territories transferred from Germany to Poland in 1944-45.
Jewish Jarosław
The first Jews came there in 1464.The first rabbi of Jeroslaw was rabbi Nathan Neta Ashkenazi, in 1590. A year later the new "Council of four countries" (Vaad Arba Aratzot) began convening in Jaroslaw, rotating the meeting with city of Lvov
Lviv
Lviv is a city in western Ukraine. The city is regarded as one of the main cultural centres of today's Ukraine and historically has also been a major Polish and Jewish cultural center, as Poles and Jews were the two main ethnicities of the city until the outbreak of World War II and the following...
.
Until 1608 with a small Jewish community, religious facilities where not allowed. Still rabbi Solomon Efraim of Lontschitz (the author of "Kli Yakar") a prominent and well known rabbi lived here. By 1670 there was a large "government" synagogue, created although protested by the Christian community of the city. During attacks on the city by Tatars and Swedes, Jewish merchandise and sometimes homes where set fire to. In 1765 there were 1,884 Jews in the city and towns around it. A Jewish school was established sometime later. Famous rabbi Levi Isaac of Barditchev studied here circa 1760 and was called "the genius of Yeruslav". A fire in 1805 burnt down the old synagogue and a new one, was established more according to tradition, to replace it. The new synagogue was completed in 1811. A census taken in 1901 notes that Jews where 25% of the population: 5701 Jewish families.
In a story about the Jacob Kranc told by Rabby Jacob Orenstein around 1850, about the appointment of the Jarosław rabbi
In 1921 the last rabbi was appointed, rabbi Shmaiya Halevi Steinberg. He wrote a book about the Jews of his town, and in the 1930s sent two copies to the National Hebrew Library in Jerusalem. These copies are the only surviving copies of the book after the holocaust.
In September 1939, Jarosław was captured by Germany with no battle. Most of the Jews crossed the Sahn river to the Soviet side and hid in the Ural mountains, including the elder rabbi and his family. Those that stayed were shot and killed by the German soldiers.
The first transport to Auschwitz coincided with 19 (non Jewish) Poles from Jaroslaw.
- Jarosław (Yaruslav) Hassidim in Modern day Israel
Sights
- Old town
- Market square
- Remaining city fortifications
- Corpus Cristi collegiate church
- Greek CatholicEastern Rite Catholic ChurchesThe Eastern Catholic Churches are autonomous, self-governing particular churches in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, the Pope. Together with the Latin Church, they compose the worldwide Catholic Church...
Transfiguration church - Benedictines abbey
- Sts. Nicolaus and Stanislaus the Bishop church, sacral art and fortifications
- Dominican monastery
- Basilica of Our Lady of Sorrows
- Underground tunnelTunnelA tunnel is an underground passageway, completely enclosed except for openings for egress, commonly at each end.A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic, or for a canal. Some tunnels are aqueducts to supply water for consumption or for hydroelectric stations or are sewers...
system
People
- Siegfried LipinerSiegfried LipinerSiegfried Salomo Lipiner was an Austrian writer and poet whose works made an impression on Richard Wagner and Friedrich Nietzsche, but who published nothing after 1880 and lived out his life as Librarian of Parliament in Vienna...
- Bohdan KhmelnytskyBohdan KhmelnytskyBohdan Zynoviy Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky was a hetman of the Zaporozhian Cossack Hetmanate of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . He led an uprising against the Commonwealth and its magnates which resulted in the creation of a Cossack state...
- Charles X Gustav of SwedenCharles X Gustav of SwedenCharles X Gustav also Carl Gustav, was King of Sweden from 1654 until his death. He was the son of John Casimir, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken-Kleeburg and Catherine of Sweden. After his father's death he also succeeded him as Pfalzgraf. He was married to Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, who...
- Stefan CzarnieckiStefan CzarnieckiStefan Czarniecki or Stefan Łodzia de Czarnca Czarniecki Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth general and nobleman. Field Hetman of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom. He was a military commander, regarded as a Polish national hero...
- Stanisław Maczek
- Sam SpiegelSam SpiegelSam Spiegel was an Austrian-born American independent film producer.-Life and career:Spiegel was born in Jarosław, Galicia, Austria-Hungary as Samuel P. Spiegel to a German-Jewish father and Polish mother and educated at the University of Vienna. His brother was Shalom Spiegel, a professor of...
- Aleksander FredroAleksander FredroAleksander Fredro was a Polish poet, playwright and author.-Life:Count Aleksander Fredro, of the Bończa coat of arms, was born in the village of Surochów near Jarosław, then a crown territory of Austria. A landowner's son, he was educated at home. He entered the Polish army at age 16 and saw...
- Mordecai YoffeMordecai YoffeMordecai ben Avraham Yoffe was a Rabbi, Rosh yeshiva and posek. He is best known as author of Levush Malkhut, a ten-volume codification of Jewish law that particularly stressed the customs of the Jews of Eastern Europe...
- Piotr SkargaPiotr SkargaPiotr Skarga was a Polish Jesuit, preacher, hagiographer, polemicist, and leading figure of the Counter-reformation in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He was called the "Polish Bossuet" due to his oratorical abilities.He was born February 2, 1536 in Grójec, to a family of lesser landless gentry...
- Hieronim Augustyn LubomirskiHieronim Augustyn LubomirskiPrince Hieronim Augustyn Lubomirski was a Polish noble , magnate, politician and outstanding military commander. He was a Prince of the Holy Roman Empire SRI....
- Jerzy MniszechJerzy MniszechJerzy Mniszech was a nobleman in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Member of the Mniszchowie family. Krajczy koronny in 1574, castellan of Radom in 1583, voivode of Sandomierz Voivodship in 1590, żupnik ruski, starost of Lwów in 1593, starost of Sambor, Sokal, Sanock, Rohatyn.Father of Marina...
- Anna Alojza OstrogskaAnna Alojza OstrogskaPrincess Anna Alojza Ostrogska was a Polish-Lithuanian noble lady.She married Jan Karol Chodkiewicz on November 28, 1620 in Jarosław....
- Jan Kostka (1529–1581)
- Zofia OdrowążZofia OdrowazZofia Odrowąż was a Polish noble lady.Daughter of castellan and voivode Stanisław Odrowąż and Anna of Masovia from the Piast dynasty.She married Hetman Jan Krzysztof Tarnowski in 1555 and castellan and voivode Jan Kostka in 1569....
- Lubomirski family
- Konstanty Jacek LubomirskiKonstanty Jacek LubomirskiPrince Konstanty Jacek Lubomirski was a Polish nobleman .Konstanty was owner of Jarosław estates. He was Krajczy of the Crown and Podczaszy of the Crown since 1658 and starost of Sącz. He died childless....
- Konstanty Jacek Lubomirski
- Tarnowski family
- Yaroslav I the WiseYaroslav I the WiseYaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus, known as Yaroslav the Wise (Old Norse: Jarizleifr; ; Old East Slavic and Russian: Ярослав Мудрый; Ukrainian: Ярослав Мудрий; c...
- Simon DubnowSimon DubnowSimon Dubnow was a Jewish historian, writer and activist...
- Arieh SharonArieh SharonArieh Sharon was an Israeli architect and winner of the Israel Prize for Architecture in 1962—the first in this discipline. Sharon was a critical contributor to the early architecture in Israel and the leader of the first master plan of the young state, reporting to then Prime Minister, David...
- Wiktor BrillantWiktor BrillantWiktor Brillant was a famous pharmacist from Jaroslaw who was killed by the Nazis..-Family:Wiktor was the eldest son of Henrieta and Karl Brillant from Tarnopol, then a part of Poland...
- Edmond Wilhelm BrillantEdmond Wilhelm BrillantEdmond Wilhelm Brillant the Levi was a naval architect, Hagana member, among the founding fathers of the Israeli navy and was in the ZIM Navigation company the Israeli Merchant Marine. He dedicated his best years for the Navy buildup...
- Roman KudlykRoman KudlykRoman Mykhailovych Kudlyk is a Ukrainian poet and writing critic.-Early life and education:Kudlyk was born in a family of a serviceman. In 1945 he moved to Drohobych. In 1958 he obtained his general education in Drohobych...
- Lionel S. ReissLionel S. ReissLionel S. Reiss, was a Polish-American Jewish painter born in Jaroslaw, Poland, and grew up on the Lower East Side of Manhattan where he studied commercial art. His family had moved to the United States in 1898 when he was four years old...
- Arkadiusz BaranArkadiusz BaranArkadiusz Baran is a Polish football player who currently plays for LKS Nieciecza.-Career:Before coming to Kraków, he had also played for such teams as Jaroslaw JKS, Polonia Przemyśl and Stal Rzeszów...
- Salomon Buber
- Andrzej Tomasz Zapałowski
- Antoni ChruścielAntoni ChruscielGen. Antoni Chruściel was a Polish military officer and a general of the Polish Army. He is best known as the de facto commander of all the armed forces of the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, as well as Home Army's chief of staff.-Early life:...
- Wilhelm Ritter von ThomaWilhelm Ritter von ThomaWilhelm Josef Ritter von Thoma was a German officer who served in World War I, in the Spanish Civil War, and as a General der Panzertruppe in World War II.-Early life:...
- Rostislav Mikhailovich
- Michał Boym
- Mieczysław Golba
- Mieczysław Kasprzak
- Tomasz KuleszaTomasz KuleszaTomasz Kulesza is a Polish politician. He was elected to Sejm on September 25, 2005 getting 5621 votes in 22 Krosno district, candidating from Platforma Obywatelska list.-External links:...
- Stanisław Badeni
- Moses SchorrMoses SchorrMoses Schorr, Polish: Mojżesz Schorr was a Rabbi, Polish historian, politician, Bible scholar, assyriologist and orientalist. Schorr was one of the top experts on the history of the Jews in Poland. He was the first Jewish researcher of Polish archives, historical sources, and pinkasim...
- Władysław Koba
- Stanyslav LyudkevychStanyslav LyudkevychStanyslav Pylypovych Lyudkevych was a Ukrainian composer, theorist, teacher, and musical activist. He was the People's Artist of the USSR in 1969. He earned a Ph.D. in musicology in Vienna, 1908...
- Znicz Jarosław
- Bogdan ZającBogdan ZajacBogdan Zając is a Polish professional footballer who played many seasons in the Polish Ekstraklasa for Wisła Kraków.Zając made one appearance for the Poland national football team against Slovakia in 1998.-References:...
- Franciszek SiarczyńskiFranciszek SiarczynskiFranciszek Siarczyński - Polish Roman Catholic Priest, member of the Piarist religious order, historian, geographer, teacher, writer and publicist....
- Jerzy HordyńskiJerzy HordyńskiJerzy Hordyński was a Polish poet and writer.He studied law, Oriental studies and Polish philology at the Jan Kazimierz University in Lwow. He was one of the best known poets from Lwów. After the city was occupied by the Soviets on 22 September 1939, he returned to his studies...
Twin towns - sister cities
Jarosław is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with:
| Michalovce Michalovce Michalovce is a town on the Laborec river in eastern Slovakia, with a population around 40,000. It is the biggest town of the Michalovce District in the Košice Region.-Geography:... in Slovakia Slovakia The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south... (since 1998) Orange in France (since 2000) Dingelstädt Dingelstädt Dingelstädt is a Thuringian city in the district of Eichsfeld in Germany.-History:Anton Thraen the German astronomer, minister and native of Holungen died in Dingelstädt on February 18, 1902 .-Twin towns - Sister cities:Dingelstädt is twinned with:... in Germany (since 2001) Vyškov Vyškov Vyškov is a town in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 22,300 inhabitants.- History :By the middle of the 14th century, pest epidemics and starvation had virtually depopulated the entire area. The Catholic Church, the owners of the lands, administrated their properties... in Czech Republic Czech Republic The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest.... (since 2001) |
Uzhhorod Uzhhorod Uzhhorod or Uzhgorod is a city located in western Ukraine, at the border with Slovakia and near the border with Hungary. It is the administrative center of the Zakarpattia Oblast , as well as the administrative center of the surrounding Uzhhorodskyi Raion within the oblast... in Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia... (since 2002) Humenné Humenné Humenné is a town in the Prešov Region in eastern Slovakia and the second largest town of the historic Zemplín region. It lies at the volcanic Vihorlat mountains and at the confluence of the Laborec and Cirocha Rivers.-Characteristics:... in Slovakia Slovakia The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south... (since 2005) Yavoriv Yavoriv Yavoriv is a city located in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Yavoriv Raion and rests approximately 50 km west of the oblast capital, Lviv.... in Ukraine Ukraine Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia... (since 2006) Schönebeck Schönebeck Schönebeck is a town in the district of Salzlandkreis, in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Elbe, approx. 14 km southeast of Magdeburg.-International relations:Schönebeck is twinned with:... in Germany (pending ratification) |