James Johnstone (explorer)
Encyclopedia
James Johnstone was a British
naval officer and explorer
. He is noted for having served as sailing master of the armed tender HMS Chatham
and later acting lieutenant during George Vancouver
’s 1791-95 expedition
to the Pacific Northwest
. Johnstone Strait
in British Columbia
is named after him.
frigate
), HMS Formidable
, HMS Queen
, and HMS Assistance
; during this time he sailed to New York
, the West Indies
(several times), and participated in the Battle of the Chesapeake
. On the last ship he met Archibald Menzies
, whom Johnstone would become lifelong friends with. He was appointed master in 1785, receiving his master's certificate the following year. Both he and Menzies were discharged in August 1786. Despite passing his lieutenant’s examination the next month, he wouldn't receive his commission until seven years later.
In October 1786 Johnstone left Britain as mate of the Prince of Wales under James Colnett
on a voyage to the Northwest coast of North America
in search of sea otter
. Menzies accompanied him. In January 1789 in Macau
, when Colnett decided to take another ship, the Argonaut, back to the Northwest coast, Johnstone assumed command of the Prince of Wales. He sailed the ship back to Britain
, which he reached in July.
on an upcoming voyage to chart the Northwest coast of America. His old friend Menzies was appointed naturalist of the expedition. The two ships left in April 1791, reaching what is now the U.S.
state
of Washington in the spring of 1792. During the next three summers (1792, 1793, and 1794), Johnstone would lead many of the boat parties that surveyed the intricate coastline that makes up much of the region. During the first summer, besides helping to chart Hood Canal
and exploring up Bute
and Loughborough Inlet
s, as well as Fitz Hugh Sound
and Burke Channel
, Johnstone, early in July, discovered what Vancouver later named Johnstone Strait in his honor.
During the following surveying season, 1793, with first lieutenant Peter Puget
having been promoted commander of the Chatham in William Robert Broughton
's absence, Johnstone led more of the boat surveys—often splitting them with the Discoverys sailing master, Joseph Whidbey
. That spring and summer, Johnstone was sent out on at least six major boat surveys, lasting from only a few days to nearly two weeks in one case. During these journeys he explored and charted North
and South Bentinck Arms; Bullock
, Spiller
, Mathieson
, and Finlayson Channel
s and Spiller
and Mussel Inlet
s; the northern half of Princess Royal Channel
and Whale and Squally Channels; Work Channel
and Khutzeymateen
and Quottoon Inlet
s; and Clarence Strait
, Ernest Sound
, Blake Channel
and Eastern Passage
, and Bradfield
and Duncan Canal
s. In exploring these channels and inlets, he charted the coasts of several islands, including Roderick Island
and the east side of Princess Royal Island
in modern British Columbia
, and the south side of Kupreanof Island
and parts of Wrangell
, Zarembo
and Etolin Island
s in present-day Southeast Alaska
. In the spring and summer of 1794 he only led two major boat surveys. During the first he charted the east side of Prince William Sound
, while during the second he charted much of the northwestern half of Kuiu Island
—in doing so proving its insular nature.
, sailing to the West Indies in 1798. Menzies, once again, accompanied him. In September 1801, while acting as commander-lieutenant of the 18-gun ship-sloop Lark
near Cuba
, he captured the Spanish
privateer-schooner
Esperanza. In June 1802 he was promoted commander, commanding the sloop Shark the same year. He later commanded the sloop Alert (1804) in the North Sea
as well as HMS Curieux
(1805-06); he captured two Spanish privateers while commanding the latter. In January 1806 he was promoted to captain, being appointed to HMS Leopard
in 1808—on which he was part of a convoy to the Cape of Good Hope
, from where he continued on to the East Indies
. In April 1810, while commanding the Leopard, he participated in the attack on the Ile de France
.
Later in 1810 he was transferred to HMS Scipion. From 1811 to 1817 he served as Commissioner of the Navy in Bombay
before being forced to return to Britain because of poor health. He then lived in Paris
. He died in London
at Menzies' home on April 1, 1823.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
naval officer and explorer
Exploration
Exploration is the act of searching or traveling around a terrain for the purpose of discovery of resources or information. Exploration occurs in all non-sessile animal species, including humans...
. He is noted for having served as sailing master of the armed tender HMS Chatham
HMS Chatham (1788)
HMS Chatham was a Royal Navy survey brig that accompanied HMS Discovery on George Vancouver's exploration of the west coast of North America in his 1791–1795 expedition. Chatham was built by King, of Dover and launched in early 1788...
and later acting lieutenant during George Vancouver
George Vancouver
Captain George Vancouver RN was an English officer of the British Royal Navy, best known for his 1791-95 expedition, which explored and charted North America's northwestern Pacific Coast regions, including the coasts of contemporary Alaska, British Columbia, Washington and Oregon...
’s 1791-95 expedition
Vancouver Expedition
The Vancouver Expedition was a four-and-a-half-year voyage of exploration and diplomacy, commanded by Captain George Vancouver. The expedition circumnavigated the globe, touched five continents and changed the course of history for the indigenous nations and several European empires and their...
to the Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest
The Pacific Northwest is a region in northwestern North America, bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains on the east. Definitions of the region vary and there is no commonly agreed upon boundary, even among Pacific Northwesterners. A common concept of the...
. Johnstone Strait
Johnstone Strait
Johnstone Strait is a channel along the north east coast of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, Canada. Opposite the Vancouver Island coast, running north to south, are Hanson Island, West Cracroft Island, the mainland British Columbia Coast, Hardwick Island, West Thurlow Island and East...
in British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...
is named after him.
Naval and Private Career
Johnstone joined the navy early in 1779, serving aboard the ships HMS Keppel (a 14-gun sloop), HMS La Fortune (a recently captured FrenchFrance
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
frigate
Frigate
A frigate is any of several types of warship, the term having been used for ships of various sizes and roles over the last few centuries.In the 17th century, the term was used for any warship built for speed and maneuverability, the description often used being "frigate-built"...
), HMS Formidable
HMS Formidable (1777)
HMS Formidable was a 90-gun second rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 20 August 1777 at Chatham. During her career, her armament was increased to 98-guns....
, HMS Queen
HMS Queen (1769)
HMS Queen was a three-deck 90-gun second-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched on 18 September 1769 at Woolwich Dockyard. She was designed by William Bateley, and was the only ship built to her draught...
, and HMS Assistance
HMS Assistance
Ten ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Assistance: was a 50-gun ship launched in 1650, rebuilt in 1699, 1712 and 1725, and sunk in 1746 as a breakwater. was a 50-gun fourth rate launched in 1747 and sold in 1773. was a transport launched in 1771 and sold in 1802...
; during this time he sailed to New York
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
, the West Indies
Caribbean
The Caribbean is a crescent-shaped group of islands more than 2,000 miles long separating the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, to the west and south, from the Atlantic Ocean, to the east and north...
(several times), and participated in the Battle of the Chesapeake
Battle of the Chesapeake
The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes or simply the Battle of the Capes, was a crucial naval battle in the American War of Independence that took place near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay on 5 September 1781, between a British fleet led by Rear Admiral Sir Thomas...
. On the last ship he met Archibald Menzies
Archibald Menzies
Archibald Menzies was a Scottish surgeon, botanist and naturalist.- Life and career :Menzies was born at Easter Stix in the parish of Weem, in Perthshire. While working with his elder brother William at the Royal Botanic Gardens, he drew the attention of Dr John Hope, professor of botany at...
, whom Johnstone would become lifelong friends with. He was appointed master in 1785, receiving his master's certificate the following year. Both he and Menzies were discharged in August 1786. Despite passing his lieutenant’s examination the next month, he wouldn't receive his commission until seven years later.
In October 1786 Johnstone left Britain as mate of the Prince of Wales under James Colnett
James Colnett
James Colnett was an officer of the British Royal Navy, an explorer, and a maritime fur trader. He served under James Cook during Cook's second voyage of exploration...
on a voyage to the Northwest coast of North America
Pacific Northwest
The Pacific Northwest is a region in northwestern North America, bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and, loosely, by the Rocky Mountains on the east. Definitions of the region vary and there is no commonly agreed upon boundary, even among Pacific Northwesterners. A common concept of the...
in search of sea otter
Sea Otter
The sea otter is a marine mammal native to the coasts of the northern and eastern North Pacific Ocean. Adult sea otters typically weigh between 14 and 45 kg , making them the heaviest members of the weasel family, but among the smallest marine mammals...
. Menzies accompanied him. In January 1789 in Macau
Macau
Macau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China...
, when Colnett decided to take another ship, the Argonaut, back to the Northwest coast, Johnstone assumed command of the Prince of Wales. He sailed the ship back to Britain
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, which he reached in July.
Vancouver Expedition
After rejoining the navy, Johnstone signed on as master of the HMS Chatham, which would accompany George Vancouver in the HMS DiscoveryHMS Discovery (1789)
HMS Discovery was a Royal Navy ship launched in 1789 and best known as the lead ship in George Vancouver's exploration of the west coast of North America in his famous 1791-1795 expedition. She was converted to a bomb vessel in 1798 and participated in the Battle of Copenhagen. Thereafter she...
on an upcoming voyage to chart the Northwest coast of America. His old friend Menzies was appointed naturalist of the expedition. The two ships left in April 1791, reaching what is now the U.S.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
state
U.S. state
A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of...
of Washington in the spring of 1792. During the next three summers (1792, 1793, and 1794), Johnstone would lead many of the boat parties that surveyed the intricate coastline that makes up much of the region. During the first summer, besides helping to chart Hood Canal
Hood Canal
Hood Canal is a fjord forming the western lobe, and one of the four main basins, of Puget Sound in the state of Washington. Hood Canal is not a canal in the sense of being a man-made waterway—it is a natural waterway.-Geography:...
and exploring up Bute
Bute Inlet
Bute Inlet is one of the principal inlets of the British Columbia Coast. It is 80 km long from its head at the mouths of the Homathko and Southgate Rivers to the continental headlands at its mouth, where it is nearly blocked by Stuart Island, and it averages about 4 km in width...
and Loughborough Inlet
Loughborough Inlet
Loughborough Inlet is one of the lesser principal inlets of the British Columbia Coast. It penetrates the Coast Mountains on the north side of the Discovery Islands archipelago, running about from its head at the mouth of the Stafford River to Chancellor Channel and Cordero Channel, which are on...
s, as well as Fitz Hugh Sound
Fitz Hugh Sound
Fitz Hugh Sound, sometimes spelled Fitzhugh Sound, is a sound on the British Columbia Coast of Canada, located between Calvert Island and the mainland. Fitz Hugh Sound is part of a group of named bodies of water around the opening of Dean Channel, one of the coast's main fjords, where it...
and Burke Channel
Burke Channel
Burke Channel is a channel in the Central Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia, separating the south and east coasts of King Island from the mainland. It was first charted in 1792 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver’s officers during his 1791-95 expedition. Vancouver...
, Johnstone, early in July, discovered what Vancouver later named Johnstone Strait in his honor.
During the following surveying season, 1793, with first lieutenant Peter Puget
Peter Puget
Peter Puget was an officer in the Royal Navy, best known for his exploration of Puget Sound.-Mr. Midshipman Puget:Puget's ancestors had fled France for Britain during Louis XIV's persecution of the Huguenots. His father, John, was a successful merchant and banker, but died in 1767, leaving Puget's...
having been promoted commander of the Chatham in William Robert Broughton
William Robert Broughton
William Robert Broughton was a British naval officer in the late 18th century. As a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, he commanded HMS Chatham as part of the Vancouver Expedition, a voyage of exploration through the Pacific Ocean led by Captain George Vancouver in the early 1790s.-With Vancouver:In...
's absence, Johnstone led more of the boat surveys—often splitting them with the Discoverys sailing master, Joseph Whidbey
Joseph Whidbey
Joseph Whidbey was a member of the Royal Navy who served on the Vancouver Expedition 1791–1795, and later achieved renown as a naval engineer. He is notable for having been the first European to discover and chart Admiralty Island in the Alexander Archipelago in 1794.Little is recorded of...
. That spring and summer, Johnstone was sent out on at least six major boat surveys, lasting from only a few days to nearly two weeks in one case. During these journeys he explored and charted North
North Bentinck Arm
North Bentinck Arm is short inlet about in length in the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada. It is a sidewater of Burke Channel and is linked via that waterway and Labouchere Channel to Dean Channel, which is one of the largest inlets of the BC Coast.A spot on North Bentinck Arm is...
and South Bentinck Arms; Bullock
Bullock Channel
Bullock Channel is a channel of the British Columbia Coast. It separates Yeo Island from the Coldwell Peninsula. It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver’s lieutenants during his 1791-95 expedition....
, Spiller
Spiller Channel
Spiller Channel is a channel of the British Columbia Coast. It separates the Don Peninsula from Yeo Island. It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's lieutenants during his 1791-95 expedition....
, Mathieson
Mathieson Channel
Mathieson Channel is a channel of the British Columbia Coast. It is a northern extension of Milbanke Sound. To its west are Pooley, Roderick, Susan and Dowager Islands, to its east the Don Peninsula. It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's lieutenants during his...
, and Finlayson Channel
Finlayson Channel
Finlayson Channel is a channel of the British Columbia Coast. It is a northern extension of Milbanke Sound. To its west are Swindle and Sarah Islands, to its east Roderick, Susan and Dowager Islands. It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's lieutenants during his...
s and Spiller
Spiller Inlet
Spiller Inlet is an inlet in the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It forms the head of Spiller Channel. It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's officers 1791-95 expedition....
and Mussel Inlet
Mussel Inlet
Mussel Inlet is in inlet in the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It is a northeast extension of Sheep Passage. It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's officers during his 1791-95 expedition. It was here the men ate mussels that...
s; the northern half of Princess Royal Channel
Princess Royal Channel
Princess Royal Channel is a channel in the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia, separating Princess Royal Island from the mainland...
and Whale and Squally Channels; Work Channel
Work Channel
Work Channel is a channel in the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It lies to the northeast of the Tspimpsean Peninsula. It was named about 1837 by officers of the Hudson's Bay Company after John Wark. It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone and Robert Barrie,...
and Khutzeymateen
Khutzeymateen Inlet
Khutzeymateen Inlet is one of the lesser principal inlets of the British Columbia Coast. It is important in being part of the first area in Canada protected to preserve grizzly bears and their habitat via the Khutzeymateen Grizzly Bear Sanctuary...
and Quottoon Inlet
Quottoon Inlet
Quottoon Inlet is an inlet in the North Coast region of the Canadian province of British Columbia. It extends northeast from Work Channel. It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone and Robert Barrie, two of George Vancouver’s officers during his 1791-95 expedition....
s; and Clarence Strait
Clarence Strait
Clarence Strait, originally Duke of Clarence Strait, is a strait in southeastern Alaska, in the United States in the Alexander Archipelago. The strait separates Prince of Wales Island, on the west side, from Revillagigedo Island and Annette Island, on the east side...
, Ernest Sound
Ernest Sound
Ernest Sound is a strait in Southeast Alaska, U.S.A. It extends southwest, from the mouth of Bradfield Canal to Clarence Strait, separating Wrangell and Etolin Islands from the mainland. It was first traversed and charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's officers during his...
, Blake Channel
Blake Channel
Blake Channel is a channel in Southeast Alaska, U.S.A. It extends , separating the southeastern part of Wrangell Island from the mainland. It was first traversed and charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's officers during his 1791-95 expedition....
and Eastern Passage
Eastern Passage (Alaska)
Eastern Passage is a channel in Southeast Alaska, U.S.A. It extends southeast from the mouth of the Stikine River to The Narrows, separating the northeastern half of Wrangell Island from the mainland. It was named in 1877 by William Healy Dall of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey...
, and Bradfield
Bradfield Canal
Bradfield Canal is an inlet in Southeast Alaska, U.S.A. It extends west from the mouth of the Bradfield River to Ernest Sound at Point Warde. It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's officers during his 1791-95 expedition. Vancouver later named it "Bradfield...
and Duncan Canal
Duncan Canal, Alaska
The Duncan Canal is a naturally occurring inland waterway in the Alexander Archipelago in Alaska, USA. It deeply penetrates Kupreanof Island, separating the Lindenberg Peninsula, on the southeast side of the island from the main island. It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of...
s. In exploring these channels and inlets, he charted the coasts of several islands, including Roderick Island
Roderick Island
Roderick Island is an island in the North Coast region of British Columbia. To its west is Finlayson Channel, to its northeast Pooley Island, and to its south Susan Island. James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's lieutenants during his 1791-95 expedition, first charted its north and west coasts...
and the east side of Princess Royal Island
Princess Royal Island
Princess Royal Island is the largest island on the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada. It is located amongst the isolated inlets and islands east of Hecate Strait on the British Columbia Coast. At , it is the fourth largest island in British Columbia...
in modern British Columbia
British Columbia
British Columbia is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu . Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858...
, and the south side of Kupreanof Island
Kupreanof Island
Kupreanof Island is an island in the Alexander Archipelago in southeastern Alaska. The island is long and wide with a total land area is , making it the 13th largest island in the United States and the 170th largest island in the world. The Lindenberg Peninsula, on the southeast side of the...
and parts of Wrangell
Wrangell Island
Wrangell Island is in the Alexander Archipelago in the Alaska Panhandle of southeastern Alaska. It is long and 8–23 km wide. It has a land area of , making it the 29th largest island in the United States...
, Zarembo
Zarembo Island
Zarembo Island is an island in the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska, United States. It lies directly south of Mitkof Island and northwest of Etolin Island. To the northwest is Kupreanof Island and to the southwest is Prince of Wales Island. It has a land area of 183.14 sq mi , making it...
and Etolin Island
Etolin Island
Etolin Island is an island in the Alexander Archipelago of southeastern Alaska, USA, at . It is between Prince of Wales Island, to its west, and the Alaska mainland, to its east. It is southwest of Wrangell Island. It was first charted in 1793 by James Johnstone, one of George Vancouver's...
s in present-day Southeast Alaska
Alaska Panhandle
Southeast Alaska, sometimes referred to as the Alaska Panhandle, is the southeastern portion of the U.S. state of Alaska, which lies west of the northern half of the Canadian province of British Columbia. The majority of Southeast Alaska's area is part of the Tongass National Forest, the United...
. In the spring and summer of 1794 he only led two major boat surveys. During the first he charted the east side of Prince William Sound
Prince William Sound
Prince William Sound is a sound off the Gulf of Alaska on the south coast of the U.S. state of Alaska. It is located on the east side of the Kenai Peninsula. Its largest port is Valdez, at the southern terminus of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System...
, while during the second he charted much of the northwestern half of Kuiu Island
Kuiu Island
Kuiu Island is an island in the Alexander Archipelago in southeastern Alaska. It lies between Kupreanof Island, to its east, and Baranof Island, to its west. The island is long, and 10–23 km wide. It is nearly cut in two by Affleck Canal. It has of land area, making it the 15th largest...
—in doing so proving its insular nature.
Later Naval Career and Death
After the voyage Johnstone was confirmed in the rank of lieutenant, after having served as acting lieutenant of the Chatham since June 11, 1793. Early in 1796 he is believed to have served on HMS Shannon before returning to HMS Formidable. The same year he moved to HMS Sans PareilHMS Sans Pareil (1794)
HMS Sans Pareil was an 80-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She was formerly the French ship Sans Pareil, but was captured in 1794 and spent the rest of her career in service with the British.-French service:...
, sailing to the West Indies in 1798. Menzies, once again, accompanied him. In September 1801, while acting as commander-lieutenant of the 18-gun ship-sloop Lark
HMS Lark (1794)
HMS Lark was a 16-gun ship sloop of the Cormorant class, built in 1794 at Northfleet. She served primarily in the Caribbean, where she took a number of prizes, some after quite intensive action...
near Cuba
Cuba
The Republic of Cuba is an island nation in the Caribbean. The nation of Cuba consists of the main island of Cuba, the Isla de la Juventud, and several archipelagos. Havana is the largest city in Cuba and the country's capital. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest city...
, he captured the Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
privateer-schooner
Schooner
A schooner is a type of sailing vessel characterized by the use of fore-and-aft sails on two or more masts with the forward mast being no taller than the rear masts....
Esperanza. In June 1802 he was promoted commander, commanding the sloop Shark the same year. He later commanded the sloop Alert (1804) in the North Sea
North Sea
In the southwest, beyond the Straits of Dover, the North Sea becomes the English Channel connecting to the Atlantic Ocean. In the east, it connects to the Baltic Sea via the Skagerrak and Kattegat, narrow straits that separate Denmark from Norway and Sweden respectively...
as well as HMS Curieux
HMS Curieux (1804)
HMS Curieux was a French corvette launched 20 September 1800 at Saint Malo to a design by François Pestel, and carrying 16 6-pounder guns. She was commissioned under Capitaine de frégate Joseph-Marie-Emmanuel Cordier. The British captured her in 1804 in a cutting-out action at Martinique...
(1805-06); he captured two Spanish privateers while commanding the latter. In January 1806 he was promoted to captain, being appointed to HMS Leopard
HMS Leopard (1790)
HMS Leopard was a 50-gun Portland-class fourth rate of the Royal Navy. She served during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, and the War of 1812.-Construction and commissioning:...
in 1808—on which he was part of a convoy to the Cape of Good Hope
Cape of Good Hope
The Cape of Good Hope is a rocky headland on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa.There is a misconception that the Cape of Good Hope is the southern tip of Africa, because it was once believed to be the dividing point between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. In fact, the...
, from where he continued on to the East Indies
East Indies
East Indies is a term used by Europeans from the 16th century onwards to identify what is now known as Indian subcontinent or South Asia, Southeastern Asia, and the islands of Oceania, including the Malay Archipelago and the Philippines...
. In April 1810, while commanding the Leopard, he participated in the attack on the Ile de France
Mauritius
Mauritius , officially the Republic of Mauritius is an island nation off the southeast coast of the African continent in the southwest Indian Ocean, about east of Madagascar...
.
Later in 1810 he was transferred to HMS Scipion. From 1811 to 1817 he served as Commissioner of the Navy in Bombay
Mumbai
Mumbai , formerly known as Bombay in English, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is the most populous city in India, and the fourth most populous city in the world, with a total metropolitan area population of approximately 20.5 million...
before being forced to return to Britain because of poor health. He then lived in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
. He died in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
at Menzies' home on April 1, 1823.