Indonesian Aerospace
Encyclopedia
Indonesian Aerospace ( (DI)) is an Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...

n aerospace company in Asia involved in aircraft design, development and manufacturing of civilian and military regional commuter aircraft. The company was formerly known as Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara (IPTN). It was expanded from of a research and industrial facility under the Indonesian Air Force, namely Lembaga Industri Penerbangan Nurtanio (LIPNUR).

Established in 1976 as a state owned company, it has developed its capability as aircraft manufacturer and diversified into other area such as Telecommunication, Automotive, Maritime, Information Technology, Oil & Gas, Control & Automation, Military, Simulation Technology, Industrial Turbine, and Engineering Services.

Pioneering

Though aircraft production in Indonesia existed before Independence in 1945, the National Aviation Industry was pioneered in 1946 at Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (city)
Yogyakarta is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is renowned as a centre of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry, and puppet shows. Yogyakarta was the Indonesian capital during the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to...

 by the formation of Planning and Construction Bureau within The Indonesian Air Force
Military of Indonesia
The Indonesian National Armed Forces in 2009 comprises approximately 432,129 personnel including the Army , Navy including the Indonesian Marine Corps and the Air Force ....

. Wiweko Soepono, Nurtanio Pringgoadisurjo, and J. Sumarsono, opened a simple workshop at Magetan
Magetan
Magetan is a regency of East Java, Indonesia.Within Magetan there is a subdivision also called Magetan. Magetan has a famous lake called Sarangan Lake which is located in the Sarangan District. The chairman of "Jawa Pos Group", a famous newspaper in Indonesia, Dahlan Iskan, was born here. Also...

, near Madiun
Madiun
Madiun is a city in the western part of the province of East Java Indonesia, an agricultural centre. It is the capital of the regency of the same name....

. With basic materials, gliders were designed and built -- Zogling, NWG-1 (Nurtanio Wiweko Glider) among others.

In 1948, a motorized aircraft, WEL-X was built by Wiweko Soepono utilizing a Harley Davidson engine. The small craft was registered as RI-X. This era marked the rise of several aeromodeling
Model aircraft
Model aircraft are flying or non-flying models of existing or imaginary aircraft using a variety of materials including plastic, diecast metal, polystyrene, balsa wood, foam and fibreglass...

 club.

The war for independence, however, halted all progress until 1953. In that year, The Experimental Section (Seksi Percobaan) was organized. Consisting of only 15 personnel, led by Nurtanio Pringgoadisurjo, The team built and tested three prototypes of a single-seat all metal aircraft at Andir Airport (Later renamed to Husein Sastranegara International Airport
Husein Sastranegara International Airport
Husein Sastranegara International Airport is an airport in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. This fast-growing international airport is located 5 km north-west from the city center, 3 km from Bandung Central train station, occupying area of 145 hectares and serves the area of civil aviation in the...

) in Bandung
Bandung
Bandung is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, and the country's third largest city, and 2nd largest metropolitan area in Indonesia, with a population of 7.4 million in 2007. Located 768 metres above sea level, approximately 140 km southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler...

.

Later on April 24, 1957, The Experimental Section graduated into The Inspection, Trial, and Production Sub-Depot based on Decision Letter of Indonesian Air Force Chief of Staff number 68.

Finally in 1958, a light training aircraft prototype named Belalang 89
LIPNUR Belalang
|-References:* Taylor, John W. R. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1965-66. London: Samson Low, Marston, 1965....

, or Grasshopper 89, was flown. The design was later produced as Belalang 90. 5 Belalang 90 were built and used for military training. On the side note, within the same year, a sport plane, "Kunang 25
LIPNUR Kunang
The LIPNUR Kunang was a single-seat sports plane built in Indonesia that first flew in 1958 in the hope that it would inspire interest in aviation amongst Indonesian youth. The only example that was built was subsequently grounded...

", was also built and flown.

Preparation

On August 1, 1960, by the order of Indonesian Air Force Chief of Staff (order #488), The Aviation Industry Preparation Body was to be formed to envision the birth of the National Aircraft Industry. Within months, the new body, known as LAPIP (Lembaga Persiapan Industri Penerbangan) since December 16, 1961, was actively negotiating for technological transfers and contracts.

LAPIP was able to secured a joint licensing and production contract with Poland. Within the same year, Indonesia was producing PZL-104 Wilga
PZL-104 Wilga
PZL-104 Wilga is a Polish designed and built short-takeoff-and-landing Civil Aviation utility aircraft manufactured by PZL "Warszawa-Okęcie";...

 or locally named Gelatik. 44 were produced for agriculture, transport, and aero club purposes.

In 1965, Aircraft Industry Project Implementation Command (Komando Pelaksana Proyek Industri Pesawat Terbang (KOPELAPIP)) and Independent Aircraft Industry National Company (PN. Industri Pesawat Terbang Berdikari) were formed to expand and formulate specific uses of the young aviation industry.

Within the same timeline, Aviation Study(ies) were promoted in the country top universities. One of the first schools was founded within The Machine Department of The Engineering Faculty of Institut Teknologi Bandung ITB
ITB
ITB may refer to:* Institut Teknologi Bandung, a prestigious engineering school in Indonesia* Institut Teknologi Brunei, an institute of higher learning in Brunei* Institute of Technology, Blanchardstown, a regional technical college in Ireland...

 by Oetarjo Diran and Liem Keng Kie.

In September 1974, Pertamina
Pertamina
Pertamina is an Indonesian government-owned corporation which extracts and refines the country's oil and gas reserves. It was created in August 1968 by the merger of Pertamin and Permina...

's Advanced Technology Division signed a license contract with MBB
Messerschmitt
Messerschmitt AG was a famous German aircraft manufacturing corporation named for its chief designer, Willy Messerschmitt, and known primarily for its World War II fighter aircraft, notably the Bf 109 and Me 262...

 and CASA
Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA
Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA , was a Spanish aircraft manufacturer. It became EADS CASA the Spanish branch of EADS in 1999, but was absorbed by Airbus Military in 2009...

 for producing Bölkow Bo 105
Bölkow Bo 105
The MBB Bo 105 is a light, twin-engine, multi-purpose utility helicopter developed by Bölkow of Stuttgart, Germany. Production began under Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm , which became a part of Eurocopter in 1991...

 and CASA C.212 Aviocar
CASA C.212 Aviocar
The CASA C-212 Aviocar is a turboprop-powered STOL medium transport aircraft designed and built in Spain for civil and military use. C-212s are also produced under licence in Indonesia by Indonesian Aerospace, formerly called IPTN but now known as IAe...

.

Nurtanio Aircraft Industry

On April 26, 1976 , mandated by Government's Act No. 15, in Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...

, PT. Industri Pesawat Terbang Nurtanio was officially established with Dr. BJ. Habibie
Jusuf Habibie
Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie , also known B. J. Habibie, was the third and shortest-serving President of Indonesia, serving from 1998 to 1999.-Early life and career:...

 as the President Director. The infrastructure was completed and inaugurated on August 23, 1976 by President Suharto. The new body was a merge between Nurtanio Aviation Industry Body (Lembaga Industri Penerbangan Nurtanio/LIPNUR) and Pertamina
Pertamina
Pertamina is an Indonesian government-owned corporation which extracts and refines the country's oil and gas reserves. It was created in August 1968 by the merger of Pertamin and Permina...

's Advanced Technology Division.

The name Nurtanio is a tribute to Nurtanio Pringgoadisuryo, one of the first aviation pioneers in Indonesia, who designed the Sikumbang
LIPNUR Sikumbang
|-References:* -See also:...

, an indigenous all metal aircraft (maiden flight: August 1, 1954).

Initially, IPTN manufactured The NBO 105
Bölkow Bo 105
The MBB Bo 105 is a light, twin-engine, multi-purpose utility helicopter developed by Bölkow of Stuttgart, Germany. Production began under Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm , which became a part of Eurocopter in 1991...

, under license by MBB
Messerschmitt
Messerschmitt AG was a famous German aircraft manufacturing corporation named for its chief designer, Willy Messerschmitt, and known primarily for its World War II fighter aircraft, notably the Bf 109 and Me 262...

 – Followed by NC 212
CASA C.212 Aviocar
The CASA C-212 Aviocar is a turboprop-powered STOL medium transport aircraft designed and built in Spain for civil and military use. C-212s are also produced under licence in Indonesia by Indonesian Aerospace, formerly called IPTN but now known as IAe...

, under license by CASA
Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA
Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA , was a Spanish aircraft manufacturer. It became EADS CASA the Spanish branch of EADS in 1999, but was absorbed by Airbus Military in 2009...

.

In March 1966, Nurtanio Pringgoadisurjo died in a flight testing accident. The Aviation Industry Preparation Body was then renamed to Nurtanio Aviation Industry Body .

Nusantara Aircraft Industry

On October 11, 1985, the name PT. Industri Pesawat Terbang Nurtanio was changed to the PT. Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara or IPTN. Nusantara
Nusantara
Nusantara is an Indonesian word for the Indonesian archipelago. It is originated from Old Javanese and literally means "archipelago".The word Nusantara was taken from an oath by Gajah Mada, as written on an old Javanese manuscript Pararaton and Negarakertagama...

 signifies the Indonesian 17,000 island archipelago
Archipelago
An archipelago , sometimes called an island group, is a chain or cluster of islands. The word archipelago is derived from the Greek ἄρχι- – arkhi- and πέλαγος – pélagos through the Italian arcipelago...

.

The exclusion of "Nurtanio" from IPTN was due to some highly questionable accusations. One of the allegations was a personal use of company's letterhead by Nurtanio's family to appropriate some IPTN stocks. None was proven true.

Dirgantara Indonesia / Indonesian Aerospace

Following the 1997 Asian financial crisis, a major restructuring program was implemented. At its peak, in 2004, the Indonesian Aerospace reduced its payroll from 9670 to 3720. Furthermore, the 18 business divisions were reorganized into the following:
  • Aircraft
  • Aircraft Services
  • Aerostructure
    Aerostructure
    An aerostructure is a component of an aircraft's airframe. This may include all or part of the fuselage, wings, or flight control surfaces. Companies that specialize in constructing these components are referred to as "aerostructures manufacturers," though many larger aerospace firms with a more...

  • Defence
  • Engineering Services


The restructuring focused on new business goals, downsizing and adaptive man-powering according to available workloads, and a pinpoint market targeting along with a concentrated business mission.

The IPTN was re-introduced as PT. Dirgantara Indonesia (abbreviated DI) or Indonesian Aerospace (abbreviated IAe). IAe was officially inaugurated by the President of Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...

, Abdurrahman Wahid
Abdurrahman Wahid
Abdurrahman Wahid, born Abdurrahman Addakhil , colloquially known as , was an Indonesian Muslim religious and political leader who served as the President of Indonesia from 1999 to 2001...

, in Bandung
Bandung
Bandung is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, and the country's third largest city, and 2nd largest metropolitan area in Indonesia, with a population of 7.4 million in 2007. Located 768 metres above sea level, approximately 140 km southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler...

 on August 24, 2000.

In July 4, 2011 Indonesia's government said will inject Rp.2 trillion ($234 million) to Indonesian Aerospace to keep the debt-ridden firm afloat with possibility make joint venture with EADS
EADS
The European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company N.V. is a global pan-European aerospace and defence corporation and a leading defence and military contractor worldwide...

. Before injection the unpaid debt to government value Rp.1.1 trillion ($129 million).

IAe Services

  • Engineering work packages; design, development, testing
  • Manufacturing subcontracts
  • Aircraft Maintenance Repair and Overhaul (MRO)
  • Engine Maintenance Repair and Overhaul (MRO)

IAe Facilities

Indonesian Aerospace covers an area of 86,98 ha
Ha
-Science and measurement:* Hahnium, an element now called Dubnium* Hectare , a unit of area* Hectoampere, a unit of electric current* Hemagglutinin , an antigenic glycoprotein from Influenza viruses...

. The backbone of the production are sustained by 232 high tech machineries and equipments. Apart from these, there are other minor high-tech equipments spread over in various assembly lines, laboratories, and service & maintenance units. They are located mainly in Bandung
Bandung
Bandung is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, and the country's third largest city, and 2nd largest metropolitan area in Indonesia, with a population of 7.4 million in 2007. Located 768 metres above sea level, approximately 140 km southeast of Jakarta, Bandung has cooler...

.

Indonesian Aerospace and its pre-cursors

(PT Dirgantara Indonesia (DI) - (IAe) Indonesian Aerospace)

AURI

(Angkatan Udara Republik Indonesia, Depot Penjelidikan, Pertjobaan dan Pembutan - Indonesian Air force research, development, and production depot)
  • NU-200 Sikumbang
  • NU-225 Sikumbang (X-09)
  • NU-260 Sikumbang (X-02)
  • Belalang 85 (X-03)
  • Belalang 90
  • Kunang 25  (X-04)
  • Super Kunang 35
    LIPNUR Super Kunang
    -See also:...

     (X-05 and X-07)
  • Kindjeng 150 (X-06)
  • B-8m Kolentang2

LIPNUR

(Lembaga Industri Penerbangan Nurtanio - Nurtanio Aviation Industry Body)

IAe Aircraft production

  • CASA/IPTN CN-235 Civil, Military, and Maritime Version (Joint Development with CASA
    Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA
    Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA , was a Spanish aircraft manufacturer. It became EADS CASA the Spanish branch of EADS in 1999, but was absorbed by Airbus Military in 2009...

    ).
  • Indonesian Aerospace N-219
    Indonesian Aerospace N-219
    -See also:...

     The first wind tunnel testing has been done at March 2010
  • Indonesian Aerospace N-250 A prototype commercial turboprop
    Turboprop
    A turboprop engine is a type of turbine engine which drives an aircraft propeller using a reduction gear.The gas turbine is designed specifically for this application, with almost all of its output being used to drive the propeller...

     aircraft, discontinued due Asian financial crisis
  • Indonesian Aerospace N-2130 Planned commercial jet aircraft, discontinued due Asian financial crisis before making prototype.


Join-production aircraft
  • KAI KF-X, 20 percent IAe and 80 percent KAI shares, a multirole fighter, more advance than F-16 but still below F-35
    F-35 Lightning II
    The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is a family of single-seat, single-engine, fifth generation multirole fighters under development to perform ground attack, reconnaissance, and air defense missions with stealth capability...

    .


Licence-built aircraft
  • NAS 330J
    Aérospatiale Puma
    The Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma is a four-bladed, twin-engined medium transport/utility helicopter. The Puma was originally manufactured by Sud Aviation of France.-Development:...

    , a licensed produced Aérospatiale Puma
    Aérospatiale Puma
    The Aérospatiale SA 330 Puma is a four-bladed, twin-engined medium transport/utility helicopter. The Puma was originally manufactured by Sud Aviation of France.-Development:...

     helicopter
    Helicopter
    A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by one or more engine-driven rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forwards, backwards, and laterally...

    .
  • NAS 332
    Eurocopter Super Puma
    The Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma is a four-bladed, twin-engine, medium-size utility helicopter marketed for both civil and military use. Originally designed and built by Aérospatiale, it is an enlarged and re-engined version of the original Aérospatiale Puma...

    , a licensed produced Eurocopter Super Puma
    Eurocopter Super Puma
    The Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma is a four-bladed, twin-engine, medium-size utility helicopter marketed for both civil and military use. Originally designed and built by Aérospatiale, it is an enlarged and re-engined version of the original Aérospatiale Puma...

     helicopter
    Helicopter
    A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by one or more engine-driven rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forwards, backwards, and laterally...

    .
  • NB 412
    Bell 412
    The Bell 412 is a utility helicopter manufactured by Bell Helicopter. It is a development of the Bell 212 model, the major difference being the composite four-blade main rotor.-Design and development:...

    , a licensed produced Bell 412
    Bell 412
    The Bell 412 is a utility helicopter manufactured by Bell Helicopter. It is a development of the Bell 212 model, the major difference being the composite four-blade main rotor.-Design and development:...

     helicopter
    Helicopter
    A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by one or more engine-driven rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forwards, backwards, and laterally...

    .
  • NBO 105
    Bölkow Bo 105
    The MBB Bo 105 is a light, twin-engine, multi-purpose utility helicopter developed by Bölkow of Stuttgart, Germany. Production began under Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm , which became a part of Eurocopter in 1991...

    , a licensed produced Bölkow Bo 105
    Bölkow Bo 105
    The MBB Bo 105 is a light, twin-engine, multi-purpose utility helicopter developed by Bölkow of Stuttgart, Germany. Production began under Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm , which became a part of Eurocopter in 1991...

     helicopter
    Helicopter
    A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by one or more engine-driven rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically, to hover, and to fly forwards, backwards, and laterally...

    , discontinued in July 2011 after 123 units production since 1976.
  • Eurocopter Fennec
    Eurocopter Fennec
    |-See also:-References:* Jackson, Paul. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK:Jane's Information Group, 2003. ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.-External links:* * *...

     as replacement of NBO 105 production line.
  • Eurocopter Ecureuil
    Eurocopter Ecureuil
    The Eurocopter AS350 Ecureuil is a single-engined light helicopter originally manufactured by Aérospatiale . The AS350 is marketed in North America as the AStar...

     as replacement of NBO 105 production line.
  • NC 212
    CASA C.212 Aviocar
    The CASA C-212 Aviocar is a turboprop-powered STOL medium transport aircraft designed and built in Spain for civil and military use. C-212s are also produced under licence in Indonesia by Indonesian Aerospace, formerly called IPTN but now known as IAe...

    , a licensed produced CASA C.212 Aviocar
    CASA C.212 Aviocar
    The CASA C-212 Aviocar is a turboprop-powered STOL medium transport aircraft designed and built in Spain for civil and military use. C-212s are also produced under licence in Indonesia by Indonesian Aerospace, formerly called IPTN but now known as IAe...

     aircraft
    Aircraft
    An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air, or, in general, the atmosphere of a planet. An aircraft counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines.Although...

    .

IAe Subcontracts for aircraft components

  • Component of Airbus A330
    Airbus A330
    The Airbus A330 is a wide-body twin-engine jet airliner made by Airbus, a division of EADS. Versions of the A330 have a range of and can accommodate up to 335 passengers in a two-class layout or carry of cargo....

    .
  • Component of Airbus A340
    Airbus A340
    The Airbus A340 is a long-range four-engine wide-body commercial passenger jet airliner. Developed by Airbus Industrie,A consortium of European aerospace companies, Airbus is now fully owned by EADS and since 2001 has been known as Airbus SAS. a consortium of European aerospace companies, which is...

    .
  • Wing Component of Airbus A380
    Airbus A380
    The Airbus A380 is a double-deck, wide-body, four-engine jet airliner manufactured by the European corporation Airbus, a subsidiary of EADS. It is the largest passenger airliner in the world. Due to its size, many airports had to modify and improve facilities to accommodate it...

    .
  • Component of Boeing 737
    Boeing 737
    The Boeing 737 is a short- to medium-range, twin-engine narrow-body jet airliner. Originally developed as a shorter, lower-cost twin-engine airliner derived from Boeing's 707 and 727, the 737 has developed into a family of nine passenger models with a capacity of 85 to 215 passengers...

    .
  • Component of Boeing 757
    Boeing 757
    The Boeing 757 is a mid-size, narrow-body twin-engine jet airliner manufactured by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Passenger versions of the twinjet have a capacity of 186 to 289 persons and a maximum range of , depending on variant and cabin configuration...

    .
  • Component of Boeing 767
    Boeing 767
    The Boeing 767 is a mid-size, wide-body twin-engine jet airliner built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. It was the manufacturer's first wide-body twinjet and its first airliner with a two-crew glass cockpit. The aircraft features two turbofan engines, a supercritical wing, and a conventional tail...

    .
  • Component of F-16 Fighting Falcon
    F-16 Fighting Falcon
    The General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon is a multirole jet fighter aircraft originally developed by General Dynamics for the United States Air Force . Designed as an air superiority day fighter, it evolved into a successful all-weather multirole aircraft. Over 4,400 aircraft have been built since...

    .
  • Component of Fokker F100
    Fokker F100
    The Fokker 100 is a medium size twin-turbofan airliner from the Fokker company. Low operational costs and almost no competition in the 100-seat short-range class made it a best seller when it was introduced in the late 1980s, but decayed due to increasing competition. Production ended in 1997 with...

    .

IAe Armaments

  • FFAR
    FFAR
    FFAR may refer to:* 3.5-Inch Forward Firing Aircraft Rocket* 5-Inch Forward Firing Aircraft Rocket* Mk 4/Mk 40 Folding-Fin Aerial Rocket* Free fatty acid receptor...

     2.75 inch rocket under Belgium
    Belgium
    Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...

    's license.
  • SUT-Torpedo.
  • NDL-40 Ground-to-Ground Rocket Multi Launcher.

External links

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