Haute-Savoie
Encyclopedia
Haute-Savoie is a French department in the Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France. It borders both Switzerland and Italy. The capital is Annecy. To the north is Lake Geneva and Switzerland; to the south and southeast are the Mont Blanc and Aravis mountain ranges and the French entrance to the Mont Blanc Tunnel to Italy is in Upper Savoy. It is noted for its winter sports and the first Winter Olympics were held at Chamonix in 1924.
: Upper Savoy) and the adjoining department of Savoie
had been part of the Kingdom of Sardinia
since the 1713
. Annexation of the region by France was formalised in the Treaty of Turin
on .
Between November 1942 and September 1943 Haute-Savoie was subjected to military occupation by Italy. The Maquis des Glières
, a band of Free French Resistance
fighters who opposed the Nazi, Vichy
, and Milice
regimes during World War II operated out of Haute-Savoie.
To the north, Haute-Savoie borders the Swiss Canton of Geneva
and Lake Geneva
; to the east, Haute-Savoie borders the Swiss Canton of Valais
and Italy's Aosta Valley; on the west lies the French department of Ain
, and to the south the department of Savoie.
Haute-Savoie has the largest range of elevations of all the departments in France, the lowest point being 250 metres (820.2 ft) in the Rhone River Valley
, and the highest Mont Blanc
at 4810.4 metres (15,782.2 ft). Some of the world's most well-known ski resorts are located in Haute-Savoie.
The terrain of the department includes the Alpine Mont Blanc Range
; the French Prealps
of the Aravis Range
, Chablais Alps
, Bornes Alps, and the Bauges Alps; and the peneplain
s of Genevois haut-savoyard and Albanais
(known collectively as L'Avant-pays savoyard). Its mountainous terrain makes mountain pass
es important to trade and economic life. Some of the most important are the Col de la Forclaz
, which connects Chamonix to the Canton of Valais; and the Mont Blanc Tunnel
, linking Chamonix to Courmayeur
in the Aosta Valley.
ed, equal to 38.8% of the total land area, compared to 34.4% for the Rhone-Alpes
region and 27.1% for France. Of the forested hectares, 141063 hectares (348,574 acre) (79%) are actively managed
for timber
and other forest product
s, with the remaining 37561 hectares (92,815.2 acre) either have no commercial value or are used for outdoor recreation
.
National nature reserves are designated by the French government
as areas where an outstanding natural heritage
is present, both rare and typical areas in terms of species and geological elements. Management is charged to expert local organizations, with direction and evaluation from locals focusing on long-term protection for future generations and environmental education
. Of the 37561 hectares (92,815.2 acre) of land not managed for timber, Haute-Savoie has nine national nature reserves totalling 24542 hectares (60,644.5 acre).
resources. Among these, Lake Annecy
is a major attraction, as is the town of Évian-les-Bains
, perhaps the most famous town on the French shore of Lake Geneva
, and well-known around the world for its Evian
mineral water
. Haute-Savoie is located entirely within the watershed of the Rhone
.
, of which 33600 hectares (83,027.3 acre) (24%) was arable land
suitable for market gardening
, cultivation
or pasture
; 600 hectares (1,482.6 acre) for orchards; 300 hectares (741.3 acre) in vineyards; and 108300 hectares (267,614.9 acre) of alpine tundra
or grass
es.
Distribution of final agricultural production :
Dairy
production is a large part of the Haute-Savoie economy earning €117.2 million euro
s in 2006, representing 74% of the net animal product
worth. In the same time frame, cattle
earned €29.7 million euros. Cheese
production by variety is equal to:
See also: Abondance (cattle)
- Savoy wine
In late 2006, the département had 600 commercial establishments in over 300 square metre, for a total area of 705419 square metre, including:
From 1998 to 2005, 65 new supermarkets were built for an area totaling 50000 square metre.
Average expenditure per capita in 2006: 21,706€. Since the rise of the euro (2004–2007), Swiss clientele is a little less present in the order of -5/-6%, while it accounts for half of turnover in the sector the Geneve Savoyard district.
The traditional small business, representing less than 300 square metre, represents the end of 2006, 84% of businesses, but only 40% of retail space.
Four industrial sectors were particularly dynamic: real estate (+24%), construction (+15.4%), business services (+12.4%) and the food industry (10%).
In 1999, the Haute-Savoie had 2,779 established industrial companies producing the equivalent of 13.60% for all businesses.
This center is one dedicated to mechatronics (mechanics + electronics) and includes 60 000 industrial jobs in over 280 companies, mostly small, 1 200 researchers and 250 patents / year (in 2002 ). These actors are very widely exporting their goods and services.
Among the projects supported by the cluster must note the inertial tolerancing, a new approach in considering quality of a lot of machined parts. Based on the Taguchi function, the inertia of a lot of characteristic is defined by its deviation from its target. The inertial tolerancing is a research and development program supported by the Cluster for its member companies. It is led by a research team of the Symme Laboratory of the University of Savoie and the CTDEC or Centre Technique du Decolletage. The publication of the French standard NFX 04-008 demonstrates the relevance of topics covered by the Cluster.
Other programs involve the clean production of clean parts (4P project), developing new models of customer / supplier relationships to improve the effectiveness of simultaneous engineering tasks and the development of the international visibility of the Cluster and its members.
The companies concerned are industrial mechanics, precision engineering, precision turning and sub-assemblies and mechanical assemblies, often associated with integrating technologies such as plastics, electronics, fluidics.
The markets served by member companies of the cluster include transport (cars, trucks, rail and air), production or distribution of electricity, the fluid (gas or liquid, high pressure vacuum) medical and health as well a broad sector of industries not to mention the various electronic components passive or active.
For more details see the website of Pole.
s in 2000 and is represented by:
In 1999, attendance was 37.9 million increase in overnight stays, 56% in winter and 44% for the rest of the year.
in the districts of Geneva
of Vaud
and Valais
). In November 2006 more than 52,200 workers who lived in the region were employed in Switzerland. The phenomenon has accelerated dramatically since the bilateral agreements concluded between Switzerland and the European Union
, of which a significant part related to the free movement of persons. In 2007, commuting flows has increased over 12%.
Since 1st June 2007, a resident of Haute-Savoie is entitled to freely work in Switzerland. The department and the municipalities receive compensation commonly called "frontier funds" allocated to municipalities in proportion to the number of border residents there. Following an agreement signed in Geneva 1973, the Canton of Geneva transferred to the Haute-Savoie an amount corresponding to 3.5% of the total mass of workers' compensation border, which was shown in December 2006 an allocation of €77.687 M., surrendered to common at 80%.
Income:
History
Prior to 1860 the territory occupied by modern Haute-Savoie (EnglishEnglish language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
: Upper Savoy) and the adjoining department of Savoie
Savoie
Savoie is a French department located in the Rhône-Alpes region in the French Alps.Together with the Haute-Savoie, Savoie is one of the two departments of the historic region of Savoy that was annexed by France on June 14, 1860, following the signature of the Treaty of Turin on March 24, 1860...
had been part of the Kingdom of Sardinia
Kingdom of Sardinia
The Kingdom of Sardinia consisted of the island of Sardinia first as a part of the Crown of Aragon and subsequently the Spanish Empire , and second as a part of the composite state of the House of Savoy . Its capital was originally Cagliari, in the south of the island, and later Turin, on the...
since the 1713
Treaty of Utrecht
The Treaty of Utrecht, which established the Peace of Utrecht, comprises a series of individual peace treaties, rather than a single document, signed by the belligerents in the War of Spanish Succession, in the Dutch city of Utrecht in March and April 1713...
. Annexation of the region by France was formalised in the Treaty of Turin
Treaty of Turin
The Treaty of Turin concluded on March 24, 1860 is the instrument by which the Duchy of Savoy and the County of Nice were annexed to France.-Background:...
on .
Between November 1942 and September 1943 Haute-Savoie was subjected to military occupation by Italy. The Maquis des Glières
Maquis des Glières
The Maquis des Glières was a Free French Resistance group, which fought against the 1940-1944 German occupation of France in World War II. The name is also given to the military conflict that opposed Resistance fighters to German, Vichy and Milice forces....
, a band of Free French Resistance
Maquis (World War II)
The Maquis were the predominantly rural guerrilla bands of the French Resistance. Initially they were composed of men who had escaped into the mountains to avoid conscription into Vichy France's Service du travail obligatoire to provide forced labour for Germany...
fighters who opposed the Nazi, Vichy
Vichy France
Vichy France, Vichy Regime, or Vichy Government, are common terms used to describe the government of France that collaborated with the Axis powers from July 1940 to August 1944. This government succeeded the Third Republic and preceded the Provisional Government of the French Republic...
, and Milice
Milice
The Milice française , generally called simply Milice, was a paramilitary force created on January 30, 1943 by the Vichy Regime, with German aid, to help fight the French Resistance. The Milice's formal leader was Prime Minister Pierre Laval, though its chief of operations, and actual leader, was...
regimes during World War II operated out of Haute-Savoie.
Geography
Haute-Savoie comprises 4 arrondissements, divided into 294 communes and 35 cantons.To the north, Haute-Savoie borders the Swiss Canton of Geneva
Canton of Geneva
The Republic and Canton of Geneva is the French speaking westernmost canton or state of Switzerland, surrounded on almost all sides by France. As is the case in several other Swiss cantons The Republic and Canton of Geneva is the French speaking westernmost canton or state of Switzerland,...
and Lake Geneva
Lake Geneva
Lake Geneva or Lake Léman is a lake in Switzerland and France. It is one of the largest lakes in Western Europe. 59.53 % of it comes under the jurisdiction of Switzerland , and 40.47 % under France...
; to the east, Haute-Savoie borders the Swiss Canton of Valais
Valais
The Valais is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland in the southwestern part of the country, around the valley of the Rhône from its headwaters to Lake Geneva, separating the Pennine Alps from the Bernese Alps. The canton is one of the drier parts of Switzerland in its central Rhône valley...
and Italy's Aosta Valley; on the west lies the French department of Ain
Ain
Ain is a department named after the Ain River on the eastern edge of France. Being part of the region Rhône-Alpes and bordered by the rivers Saône and Rhône, the department of Ain enjoys a privileged geographic situation...
, and to the south the department of Savoie.
Haute-Savoie has the largest range of elevations of all the departments in France, the lowest point being 250 metres (820.2 ft) in the Rhone River Valley
Rhône
Rhone can refer to:* Rhone, one of the major rivers of Europe, running through Switzerland and France* Rhône Glacier, the source of the Rhone River and one of the primary contributors to Lake Geneva in the far eastern end of the canton of Valais in Switzerland...
, and the highest Mont Blanc
Mont Blanc
Mont Blanc or Monte Bianco , meaning "White Mountain", is the highest mountain in the Alps, Western Europe and the European Union. It rises above sea level and is ranked 11th in the world in topographic prominence...
at 4810.4 metres (15,782.2 ft). Some of the world's most well-known ski resorts are located in Haute-Savoie.
The terrain of the department includes the Alpine Mont Blanc Range
Mont Blanc Massif
The Mont Blanc massif is a mountain range in the western Alps. It is named after Mont Blanc, at 4,810.45 m the highest summit of the Alps. It is located in France , Italy , and Switzerland...
; the French Prealps
French Prealps
The French Prealps are a group of subalpine mountain ranges of medium elevation located immediately west of the French Alps. They roughly stretch from Lake Geneva southwest to the Isère and Drôme Rivers; east to a line running from Chamonix, to Albertville, to Grenoble, to Gap, to Barcelonette;...
of the Aravis Range
Aravis Range
The Aravis is a mountain range in Savoie and Haute-Savoie, eastern France. It is part of the French Prealps, a lower chain of mountain ranges west of the main chain of the Alps. Its highest summit is the Pointe Percée, at 2752m. The orientation of the Aravis is north-south, and it stretches from...
, Chablais Alps
Chablais Alps
The Chablais Alps are a mountain range in the western Alps. They are situated between Lake Geneva and the Mont Blanc Massif. The Col des Montets separates them from the Mont Blanc Massif in the south, and the Rhône valley separates them from the Bernese Alps in the east.The Chablais Alps are...
, Bornes Alps, and the Bauges Alps; and the peneplain
Peneplain
A peneplain is a low-relief plain representing the final stage of fluvial erosion during times of extended tectonic stability. The existence of peneplains, and peneplanation as a geomorphological process, is not without controversy, due to a lack of contemporary examples and uncertainty in...
s of Genevois haut-savoyard and Albanais
Albanais
The Albanais is a small Savoyard region situated between Lake Annecy and Lac du Bourget, at the entrance to the Parc naturel régional du Massif des Bauges. Located in the French departments of Savoie and Haute-Savoie, its principal city is Rumilly...
(known collectively as L'Avant-pays savoyard). Its mountainous terrain makes mountain pass
Mountain pass
A mountain pass is a route through a mountain range or over a ridge. If following the lowest possible route, a pass is locally the highest point on that route...
es important to trade and economic life. Some of the most important are the Col de la Forclaz
Col de la Forclaz
Col de la Forclaz is a mountain pass in the Alps in the Canton of Valais in Switzerland. It connects Martigny at and Le Châtelard . The road from Martigny to the Col has an average gradient of 6% but in parts is more like 8%...
, which connects Chamonix to the Canton of Valais; and the Mont Blanc Tunnel
Mont Blanc Tunnel
The Mont Blanc Tunnel is a road tunnel in the Alps under the Mont Blanc mountain, linking Chamonix, Haute-Savoie, France , and Courmayeur, Aosta Valley, Italy . It is one of the major trans-Alpine transport routes, particularly for Italy, which relies on the tunnel for transporting as much as...
, linking Chamonix to Courmayeur
Courmayeur
Courmayeur is an Italian town and comune in the autonomous region of Aosta Valley, in northern Italy. It is located at the foot of Mont Blanc, the highest mountain in western Europe, in the Graian Alps range, and is crossed by the Dora Baltea...
in the Aosta Valley.
Forests
As of 1996, 178624 hectares (441,389.1 acre) of Haute-Savoie is forestForest
A forest, also referred to as a wood or the woods, is an area with a high density of trees. As with cities, depending where you are in the world, what is considered a forest may vary significantly in size and have various classification according to how and what of the forest is composed...
ed, equal to 38.8% of the total land area, compared to 34.4% for the Rhone-Alpes
Rhône-Alpes
Rhône-Alpes is one of the 27 regions of France, located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south. The region was named after the Rhône River and the Alps mountain range. Its capital, Lyon, is the second-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris...
region and 27.1% for France. Of the forested hectares, 141063 hectares (348,574 acre) (79%) are actively managed
Forest management
200px|thumb|right|[[Sustainable development|Sustainable]] forest management carried out by [[Complejo Forestal y Maderero Panguipulli|Complejo Panguipulli]] has contributed to the preservation of the forested landscape around [[Neltume]], a sawmill town in Chile...
for timber
Timber
Timber may refer to:* Timber, a term common in the United Kingdom and Australia for wood materials * Timber, Oregon, an unincorporated community in the U.S...
and other forest product
Forest product
A forest product is any material derived from a forest for commercial use, such as lumber, paper, or forage for livestock. Wood, by far the dominant commercial forest product, is used for many industrial purposes, such as the finished structural materials used for the construction of buildings, or...
s, with the remaining 37561 hectares (92,815.2 acre) either have no commercial value or are used for outdoor recreation
Outdoor recreation
Outdoor recreation or outdoor activity is leisure pursuits engaged in outside, especially in natural or semi-natural settings out of town...
.
National nature reserves are designated by the French government
Government of France
The government of the French Republic is a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the fifth Republic. The nation declares itself to be an "indivisible, secular, democratic, and social Republic"...
as areas where an outstanding natural heritage
Natural heritage
Natural heritage is the legacy of natural objects and intangible attributes encompassing the countryside and natural environment, including flora and fauna, scientifically known as biodiversity, and geology and landforms ....
is present, both rare and typical areas in terms of species and geological elements. Management is charged to expert local organizations, with direction and evaluation from locals focusing on long-term protection for future generations and environmental education
Environmental education
Environmental education refers to organized efforts to teach about how natural environments function and, particularly, how human beings can manage their behavior and ecosystems in order to live sustainably. The term is often used to imply education within the school system, from primary to...
. Of the 37561 hectares (92,815.2 acre) of land not managed for timber, Haute-Savoie has nine national nature reserves totalling 24542 hectares (60,644.5 acre).
- Aiguilles Rouges National Nature ReserveAiguilles Rouges National Nature ReserveThe Aiguilles Rouges National Nature Reserve is a nature reserve located in the Aiguilles Rouges mountain range in the Haute-Savoie department in southeastern France.-History:...
– 3276 hectares (8,095.2 acre) - Bout du Lac d'Annecy National Nature Reserve – 84 hectares (207.6 acre)
- Carlaveyron National Nature Reserve – 599 hectares (1,480.2 acre)
- Contamines-Montjoie National Nature Reserve – 5500 hectares (13,590.8 acre)
- Delta de la Dranse National Nature ReserveDelta de la Dranse National Nature ReserveThe Delta de la Dranse National Nature Reserve is a nature reserve located in the delta of the Dranse river. The reserve is located to the east of the commune of Thonon-les-Bains in southeastern France. At long by wide, it covers a small area of at an elevation ranging from...
– 539.7 hectares (1,333.6 acre) - Passy National Nature ReservePassy National Nature ReserveThe Passy National Nature Reserve is a nature reserve located on the face of the Aiguilles Rouges and Mont Blanc mountain ranges, in the middle of the Arve valley, in the Haute-Savoie metropolitan department of France....
– 2000 hectares (4,942.1 acre) - Roc de Chère National Nature ReserveRoc de Chère National Nature ReserveThe Roc de Chère National Nature Reserve is a major ecologic site in southeastern France. A protected nature reserve since 1977, it covers a small area of . It is located near the commune of Talloires, on the eastern bank of Lake Annecy at an elevation of...
– 68.24 hectares (168.6 acre) - Sixt-Passy National Nature Reserve – 9200 hectares (22,733.7 acre)
- Vallon de Bérard National Nature Reserve – 3276 hectares (8,095.2 acre)
Lakes
Haute-Savoie has significant fresh waterFresh Water
Fresh Water is the debut album by Australian rock and blues singer Alison McCallum, released in 1972. Rare for an Australian artist at the time, it came in a gatefold sleeve...
resources. Among these, Lake Annecy
Lake Annecy
Lake Annecy is a perialpine lake in Haute-Savoie in France .It is the second largest lake in France, after the Lac du Bourget, if the French part of Lake Geneva is excluded. It is known as "Europe's cleanest lake" because of strict environmental regulations introduced in the 1960s...
is a major attraction, as is the town of Évian-les-Bains
Évian-les-Bains
Évian-les-Bains or Évian is a commune in the northern part of the Haute-Savoie department in the Rhône-Alpes region in south-eastern France...
, perhaps the most famous town on the French shore of Lake Geneva
Lake Geneva
Lake Geneva or Lake Léman is a lake in Switzerland and France. It is one of the largest lakes in Western Europe. 59.53 % of it comes under the jurisdiction of Switzerland , and 40.47 % under France...
, and well-known around the world for its Evian
Evian
Evian is a French brand of mineral water coming from several sources near Évian-les-Bains, on the south shore of Lake Geneva.Today, Evian is owned by Danone Group, a French multinational company...
mineral water
Mineral water
Mineral water is water containing minerals or other dissolved substances that alter its taste or give it therapeutic value, generally obtained from a naturally occurring mineral spring or source. Dissolved substances in the water may include various salts and sulfur compounds...
. Haute-Savoie is located entirely within the watershed of the Rhone
Rhône
Rhone can refer to:* Rhone, one of the major rivers of Europe, running through Switzerland and France* Rhône Glacier, the source of the Rhone River and one of the primary contributors to Lake Geneva in the far eastern end of the canton of Valais in Switzerland...
.
Agriculture
In 2006, approximately 142000 hectares (350,889.3 acre) of land was suitable for agricultureAgriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
, of which 33600 hectares (83,027.3 acre) (24%) was arable land
Arable land
In geography and agriculture, arable land is land that can be used for growing crops. It includes all land under temporary crops , temporary meadows for mowing or pasture, land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow...
suitable for market gardening
Market gardening
A market garden is the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants. It is distinguishable from other types of farming by the diversity of crops grown on a small area of land, typically, from under one acre ...
, cultivation
Tillage
Tillage is the agricultural preparation of the soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, stirring, and overturning. Examples of human-powered tilling methods using hand tools include shovelling, picking, mattock work, hoeing, and raking...
or pasture
Pasture
Pasture is land used for grazing. Pasture lands in the narrow sense are enclosed tracts of farmland, grazed by domesticated livestock, such as horses, cattle, sheep or swine. The vegetation of tended pasture, forage, consists mainly of grasses, with an interspersion of legumes and other forbs...
; 600 hectares (1,482.6 acre) for orchards; 300 hectares (741.3 acre) in vineyards; and 108300 hectares (267,614.9 acre) of alpine tundra
Alpine tundra
Alpine tundra is a natural region that does not contain trees because it is at high altitude. Alpine tundra is distinguished from arctic tundra, because alpine soils are generally better drained than arctic soils...
or grass
Grass
Grasses, or more technically graminoids, are monocotyledonous, usually herbaceous plants with narrow leaves growing from the base. They include the "true grasses", of the Poaceae family, as well as the sedges and the rushes . The true grasses include cereals, bamboo and the grasses of lawns ...
es.
- Number of farmers: 4,450 (1999), 4,800 farmers and over 1,700 jobs full time employees (end 2006)
Distribution of final agricultural production :
- Crop Production: 71.5 million € (1999)
- Animal Production: 165.4 million € (1999)
Dairy
Dairy
A dairy is a business enterprise established for the harvesting of animal milk—mostly from cows or goats, but also from buffalo, sheep, horses or camels —for human consumption. A dairy is typically located on a dedicated dairy farm or section of a multi-purpose farm that is concerned...
production is a large part of the Haute-Savoie economy earning €117.2 million euro
Euro
The euro is the official currency of the eurozone: 17 of the 27 member states of the European Union. It is also the currency used by the Institutions of the European Union. The eurozone consists of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,...
s in 2006, representing 74% of the net animal product
Animal product
Animal product, or animal by-product, is a term used to describe material taken from the body of a non-human animal. Examples are fat, flesh, blood, milk, eggs, and lesser known products such as isinglass and rennet....
worth. In the same time frame, cattle
Cattle
Cattle are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos primigenius...
earned €29.7 million euros. Cheese
Cheese
Cheese is a generic term for a diverse group of milk-based food products. Cheese is produced throughout the world in wide-ranging flavors, textures, and forms....
production by variety is equal to:
- ReblochonReblochonReblochon is a French cheese from the Alps region of Haute-Savoie and has been granted the AOC title. Reblochon was first produced in the Thônes and Arly valleys, in the Aravis massif. Thônes remains the centre of Reblochon production; the cheeses are still made in the local cooperatives. Until...
– 16,950 tons (1999), - Tomme de SavoieTomme de SavoieTomme de Savoie is a variety of Tomme cheese from Savoie in the French Alps. It is a mild, semi-firm cow's milk cheese with a beige interior and a thick brownish-grey rind....
– 5,500 tons (1999), - EmmentalEmmentalFor the cheese made in the region, see Emmental .The Emmental is a region in west central Switzerland, forming part of the canton of Bern. It is a hilly landscape comprising the basins of the Emme and Ilfis rivers. The region is mostly devoted to farming, particularly dairy farming...
– 3,000 tons (2006) vs 4,050 tons in 1999 - RacletteRacletteRaclette is both a type of cheese and a Swiss and French dish based on heating the cheese and scraping off the melted part.-Cheese:Raclette is a semi-firm, cow's milk cheese - most commonly used for melting...
raw milk – 2,000 tons (1999) - AbondanceAbondance (cheese)Abondance is a semi-hard, fragrant, raw-milk cheese made in the Haute-Savoie department of France. Its name comes from a small commune also called Abondance. A round of Abondance weighs approximately 10 kg and its aroma is similar to that of Beaufort, also from France. Abondance is made...
– 700 tons (1999) - Tome des Bauges – 650 tons (1999)
See also: Abondance (cattle)
Abondance (cattle)
The Abondance is a mixed race breed of cattle which originated in the high valleys of Haute-Savoie, France.-Description:They are medium-sized, with the female weighing in at between 580 and 680 kilograms and standing 1.30 metres tall...
- Savoy wine
Savoy wine
Savoy or, in French, Savoie is a wine region situated in the Savoy region in eastern France, and is sometimes referred to as the country of the Allobroges.The Savoy landscape is distinctly alpine...
Crafts
Crafts occupied in late 2000, 15% of the workforce, or 28,443 employees and 1,922 apprentices and 11,951 companies represented included the Répertoire des Métiers or Trade Index, divided into:- Food: 955 companies
- Construction: 4 924 companies
- Production: 2 834 companies
- Services: 3 238 companies
Construction and public works
Building construction and public works, included late December 2000, 13,867 employees in 4,838 companies spread- Construction: 20%
- Decoration, Electricity, Plastering, Painting: 70%
- Public Works: 10%
Trade
The trade sector accounted late December 2000, 33,994 employees in 9,351 Companies in:- Tourism, culture and recreation: 23.7%
- Food, restaurant: 22.5%
- Hygiene and health: 15.2%
- Service: 14.3%
- Cars, motorcycles, cycles: 13.1%
- Household equipment, home appliances: 11.2%
Shops
In late 2006, the département had 600 commercial establishments in over 300 square metre, for a total area of 705419 square metre, including:
- 13 hypermarkets (78105 square metre)
- 92 supermarkets (112844 square metre)
- 24 maxidiscounts (17600 square metre)
- 6 department stores and variety stores (14640 square metre)
- 465 stores (482230 square metre)
From 1998 to 2005, 65 new supermarkets were built for an area totaling 50000 square metre.
Average expenditure per capita in 2006: 21,706€. Since the rise of the euro (2004–2007), Swiss clientele is a little less present in the order of -5/-6%, while it accounts for half of turnover in the sector the Geneve Savoyard district.
The traditional small business, representing less than 300 square metre, represents the end of 2006, 84% of businesses, but only 40% of retail space.
Companies
4 301 companies were established in 2004 in Haute-Savoie, or 5.3% compared to 2003 nearly 80% in the service sector with a higher rank for the service to individuals (hotels, restaurants, recreational, cultural and sports, personal and household services). The general trade accounted for 21.6% of new businesses.Four industrial sectors were particularly dynamic: real estate (+24%), construction (+15.4%), business services (+12.4%) and the food industry (10%).
List of industrial companies in Haute-Savoie
In 1999, the Haute-Savoie had 2,779 established industrial companies producing the equivalent of 13.60% for all businesses.
- Food: Entremont, EvianEvianEvian is a French brand of mineral water coming from several sources near Évian-les-Bains, on the south shore of Lake Geneva.Today, Evian is owned by Danone Group, a French multinational company...
(mineral water), Cereal Partners France, La Gerbe Savoyarde, France, Decoration, Besnier, Fruity. - Chemistry-Pharmacy-Medical: Labcatal, Nicholas Roche, Pierre Fabre Galderma, Ivoclar-Vivadent, Corneal, SNCI, Anthogyr.
- Commerce: Provencia, Botanic
- Electrical and electronic: Chauvin-Arnoux, DAV, Label, Amphenol Socapex, Cartier, Varilac CEB;
- Mechanical Equipment: Dassault, Alcatel Vacuum TechnologyAlcatel Vacuum TechnologyAlcatel Vacuum Technology is a supplier of vacuum pumps, leak detectors and plasma sensors. Forty years of experience developing products for the semiconductor industry, the automotive market and the public R&D have led Alcatel Vacuum Technology to become the fastest growing company in the vacuum...
, Bosch-Rexroth, Union Pump-Guinard Pumps (Group Textron) - Equipment home - household: Tefal, Scaime Bourgeois, Mobalpa, Somfy.
- Equipment of the person: S.T. Dupont, Rexam Reboul, Gay, Maped, Pilot.
- Data: Sopra,Cross Systems.
- Machine tools and special machines: Stäubli, Prosys, Mach 1, Techmeta (Bodycote), Wirth and Gruffat, Mecasonic, Almo.
- Mechanics: SNR Bearings, Parker Hannifin, Glacier Vandervell, Invensys, Eurodec, Frank and Pignard, Bouverat, Nicomatic, ZF, Sandvik.
- Special Metals and Materials: PSB Industries, Pechiney Rhenalu, Fonlem Lachenal.
- Plastics: Veka, SMPI, Decoplast.
- Sport and leisure goods: Salomon (skiing), Mavic, Dynastar, Millet, Fusalp, Eider.
- Other: Velsol France, Mecalac, ABMT (Bodycote).
Screw cutting
Screw cutting is a high-precision parts machining industry, and Haute-Savoie generates the majority of French turnover. Firms engaged in screw-cutting are major employers in the department. Whilst the automotive industry is the principal client, firms also service the electronics, household appliance and medical sectors.Competitiveness Cluster Arve Industries Haute-Savoie Mont-Blanc
This is one of the 67 clusters created in 2005.This center is one dedicated to mechatronics (mechanics + electronics) and includes 60 000 industrial jobs in over 280 companies, mostly small, 1 200 researchers and 250 patents / year (in 2002 ). These actors are very widely exporting their goods and services.
Among the projects supported by the cluster must note the inertial tolerancing, a new approach in considering quality of a lot of machined parts. Based on the Taguchi function, the inertia of a lot of characteristic is defined by its deviation from its target. The inertial tolerancing is a research and development program supported by the Cluster for its member companies. It is led by a research team of the Symme Laboratory of the University of Savoie and the CTDEC or Centre Technique du Decolletage. The publication of the French standard NFX 04-008 demonstrates the relevance of topics covered by the Cluster.
Other programs involve the clean production of clean parts (4P project), developing new models of customer / supplier relationships to improve the effectiveness of simultaneous engineering tasks and the development of the international visibility of the Cluster and its members.
The companies concerned are industrial mechanics, precision engineering, precision turning and sub-assemblies and mechanical assemblies, often associated with integrating technologies such as plastics, electronics, fluidics.
The markets served by member companies of the cluster include transport (cars, trucks, rail and air), production or distribution of electricity, the fluid (gas or liquid, high pressure vacuum) medical and health as well a broad sector of industries not to mention the various electronic components passive or active.
For more details see the website of Pole.
Research
The research sector in Haute-Savoie, has filed 201 patentPatent
A patent is a form of intellectual property. It consists of a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time in exchange for the public disclosure of an invention....
s in 2000 and is represented by:
- Laboratory for Particle Physics in Annecy-le-Vieux;
- The new flagship of mechatronics Technology Center Engineering Industries or CETIM;
- Research laboratories, related to Polytech'Savoie, ESIA and the Savoy University;
- Technical Center for bar turning machining industry (CTDEC) in Cluses;
- The Thésame - mechatronics and management: production, sensors (measurements and instrumentation), Manufacturing, Science Service.
Services
The services sector accounted late December 2000, 75,768 employees in 11,129 Companies in:- Hotels and restaurants – 26.5%
- Real estate activities – 24.6%
- Consulting and assistance – 14.0%
- Transportation – 6.1%
- Financial Activities – 6.2%
Tourism
The tourism sector as of late December 2000, the total of 635,000 beds are divided into:- 1,250 – Rural lodgings
- 803 – Hotels
- 453 – Guest rooms
- 191 – Campsites
- 70 – Bed and Breakfasts
- 40 – High-mountain Shelters (refuges)
In 1999, attendance was 37.9 million increase in overnight stays, 56% in winter and 44% for the rest of the year.
Cross-border labour
Many people who live in Haute-Savoie work in SwitzerlandSwitzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
in the districts of Geneva
Geneva
Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...
of Vaud
Vaud
Vaud is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland and is located in Romandy, the French-speaking southwestern part of the country. The capital is Lausanne. The name of the Canton in Switzerland's other languages are Vaud in Italian , Waadt in German , and Vad in Romansh.-History:Along the lakes,...
and Valais
Valais
The Valais is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland in the southwestern part of the country, around the valley of the Rhône from its headwaters to Lake Geneva, separating the Pennine Alps from the Bernese Alps. The canton is one of the drier parts of Switzerland in its central Rhône valley...
). In November 2006 more than 52,200 workers who lived in the region were employed in Switzerland. The phenomenon has accelerated dramatically since the bilateral agreements concluded between Switzerland and the European Union
European Union
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 independent member states which are located primarily in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community and the European Economic Community , formed by six countries in 1958...
, of which a significant part related to the free movement of persons. In 2007, commuting flows has increased over 12%.
Since 1st June 2007, a resident of Haute-Savoie is entitled to freely work in Switzerland. The department and the municipalities receive compensation commonly called "frontier funds" allocated to municipalities in proportion to the number of border residents there. Following an agreement signed in Geneva 1973, the Canton of Geneva transferred to the Haute-Savoie an amount corresponding to 3.5% of the total mass of workers' compensation border, which was shown in December 2006 an allocation of €77.687 M., surrendered to common at 80%.
Export
The Haute-Savoie is a highly exporting district. In 2007 the coverage rate for exports was 172% (compared to 90% in France). 40% of Haute-Savoie employees work directly for export. Exports are mainly made to Germany, the United States, Switzerland, Italy and the United Kingdom. Imports come mainly from Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Switzerland and the United States. List of exporting companies Haute Savoie ( Export Results 2008) headquartered in the département.Taxation
Habitation tax:- In 2006: 312 823 fiscal households fiscal, 27 747 are exempt.
Income:
- The average income tax per household was 25 621€ in 2007 (France : 21 930€).
Sources
- Assedic (January 2000)
- Construction 74 (January 2000)
- ERC / DDAF 1999
- Chamber of Agriculture
- Chamber of Trade (December 2000)
- Customs
- SIRENE of INSEEINSEEINSEE is the French National Institute for Statistics and Economic Studies. It collects and publishes information on the French economy and society, carrying out the periodic national census. Located in Paris, it is the French branch of Eurostat, European Statistical System...
(July 2003) - CTDEC
- Chamber of Commerce
- Thésame
History
- SavoySavoySavoy is a region of France. It comprises roughly the territory of the Western Alps situated between Lake Geneva in the north and Monaco and the Mediterranean coast in the south....
- Historical region - House of SavoyHouse of SavoyThe House of Savoy was formed in the early 11th century in the historical Savoy region. Through gradual expansion, it grew from ruling a small county in that region to eventually rule the Kingdom of Italy from 1861 until the end of World War II, king of Croatia and King of Armenia...
- Ruling dynasty of Savoy from 1032 to 1860 - Duchy of SavoyDuchy of SavoyFrom 1416 to 1847, the House of Savoy ruled the eponymous Duchy of Savoy . The Duchy was a state in the northern part of the Italian Peninsula, with some territories that are now in France. It was a continuation of the County of Savoy...
- Rulers of Savoy region from 1416 to 1720 - Kingdom of SardiniaKingdom of SardiniaThe Kingdom of Sardinia consisted of the island of Sardinia first as a part of the Crown of Aragon and subsequently the Spanish Empire , and second as a part of the composite state of the House of Savoy . Its capital was originally Cagliari, in the south of the island, and later Turin, on the...
- 1720 to 1860.
Places
- Lake AnnecyLake AnnecyLake Annecy is a perialpine lake in Haute-Savoie in France .It is the second largest lake in France, after the Lac du Bourget, if the French part of Lake Geneva is excluded. It is known as "Europe's cleanest lake" because of strict environmental regulations introduced in the 1960s...
- The second largest lake in France. - Lake GenevaLake GenevaLake Geneva or Lake Léman is a lake in Switzerland and France. It is one of the largest lakes in Western Europe. 59.53 % of it comes under the jurisdiction of Switzerland , and 40.47 % under France...
- Lake which joins Upper Savoy and Switzerland.
External links
General Council website Prefecture website Haute-Savoie Tourism Guide Haute-Savoie Chamber of Commerce and Industry- Employment statistics access to regional statistics (Department of Labor Region Rhone-Alpes)