Hari Merdeka
Encyclopedia
Hari Merdeka is a national day of Malaysia commemorating the independence of the Federation of Malaya
from British colonial rule in 1957, celebrated on August 31 each year. It is not to be confused with the formation of Malaysia
. August 31 of 1957 is designated as the formation of Malaya which does not include the states of Sabah and Sarawak.
, who led a delegation of ministers and political leaders of Malaya in negotiations with the British in London for Merdeka
, or independence along with the first president of the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) Tun Dato Sir Tan Cheng Lock
and fifth President of Malaysian Indian Congress Tun V.T. Sambanthan. Once it became increasingly clear that the Communist threat posed during the Malayan Emergency
was petering out, agreement
was reached on February 8, 1956, for Malaya to gain independence from the British Empire. However, for a number of logistical and administrative reasons, it was decided that the official proclamation of independence
would only be made the next year, on August 31, 1957, at Stadium Merdeka
(Independence Stadium), in Kuala Lumpur.
Padang
in Kuala Lumpur
to witness the handover of power from the British. Prime Minister-designate Tunku Abdul Rahman
arrived at 11:58 pm and joined members of the Alliance Party's youth divisions in observing two minutes of darkness. On the stroke of midnight, the lights were switched back on, and the Union Flag
in the square was lowered. The new Flag of Malaya was raised as the national anthem Negaraku
was played. This was followed by seven chants of 'Merdeka' by the crowd. Tunku Abdul Rahman gave a speech hailing the ceremony as "greatest moment in the life of the Malayan people".
On the morning of Saturday, August 31, 1957, the festivities moved to the newly-completed Merdeka Stadium. More than 20,000 people witnessed the ceremony, which began at 9:30 am. Those in attendance included rulers of the Malay states, foreign dignitaries, members of the federal cabinet and citizens. The Queen's representative, the Duke of Gloucester
presented Tunku Abdul Rahman with the instrument of independence. Tunku then proceeded to read the Proclamation of Independence
, which culminated in the chanting of 'Merdeka' seven times with the crowd joining in. The ceremony continued with the raising of the National Flag of Malaya accompanied by the national anthem being played and a 21-gun salute, followed by an azan
call and a thanksgiving prayer in honor of this great occasion.
Members of royal families:
Heads of government:
Representatives from other British colonies:
Members of the former British colonial administration
(later renamed Sabah
), Sarawak
and Singapore
was to be officially declared on the date August 31, 1963, on the 6th anniversary of Malayan independence. However, it was postponed to September 16, 1963, mainly due to Indonesian and the Philippines' opposition to the formation of Malaysia. Nevertheless, North Borneo and Singapore declared sovereignty on August 31, 1963. Indonesian opposition later escalated to a military conflict
.
Indonesia considered Malaysia as a new form of colonization on the provinces of Sarawak and Sabah in the island of Borneo (bordering Kalimantan, Indonesia), which they laid claim on. To assure Indonesia that Malaysia was not a form of neo-colonialism, a referendum, organized by the United Nations
, and the Cobbold Commission
, led by Lord Cobbold, were formed to determine whether the people of Sabah
and Sarawak
wished to join Malaysia. Their eventual findings which indicated substantial support for Malaysia among the peoples of Sabah and Sarawak, cleared the way for the final proclamation of Malaysia.
The formation of the Federation of Malaysia was then announced on September 16, 1963 as Malaysia Day
. The nationwide Independence Day celebration is still held on August 31, the original independence date of Malaya, while Malaysia Day was a public holiday only in East Malaysia. However, this has caused some minor discontent among East Malaysians in particular since it has been argued that celebrating the national day on August 31 is too Malaya-centric. In 2009, it was decided that starting 2010, Malaysia Day would be a nationwide public holiday in addition to Hari Merdeka on August 31.
| 1970
| Muhibah dan Perpaduan
(Love and Unity)
| none
|-
| 1971
| Masyarakat Progresif
(Progressive Society)
| none
|-
| 1972
| Masyarakat Adil
(Fair Society)
| none
|-
| 1973
| Masyarakat Berkebudayaan Malaysia
(A Society with Malaysian Culture)
| none
|-
| 1974
| Sains dan Teknologi Alat Perpaduan
(Science and Technology as Tools of Unity)
| none
|-
| 1975
| Masyarakat Berdikari
(A Self-Reliant Society)
| none
|-
| 1976
| Ketahanan Rakyat
(Strength of the People)
|
|-
| 1977
| Bersatu Maju
(United and Progressive)
|
|-
| 1978
| Kebudayaan Sendi Perpaduan
(Culture is the Core of Unity)
|
|-
| 1979
| Bersatu Berdisplin
(United and Disciplined)
|
|-
| 1980
| Berdisplin Berbakti
(Discipline and Service)
|
|-
| 1981
| Berdisplin Berharmoni
(Discipline and Harmony)
|
|-
| 1982
| Berdisplin Giat Maju
(Discipline Creates Progress)
|
|-
| 1983
| Bersama Ke Arah Kemajuan
(Together Towards Success)
|
|-
| 1984
| Amanah Asas Kejayaan
(Honesty Brings Success)
|
|-
| 1985
| Nasionalisme Teras Perpaduan
(Nationalism is the Core of Unity)
|
|-
| 1986
| Bangsa Tegas Negara Teguh
(Steadfast Society, Strong Country)
|
|-
| 1987
| Setia Bersatu Berusaha Maju
(Loyally United and Progressively Working)
|
|-
| 1988
| Bersatu
(Unity)
|
|-
| 1989
| Bersatu
(Unity)
|
|-
| 1990
| Berjaya
(Success)
|
|-
| 1991
| Wawasan 2020
(Vision 2020)
|
|-
| 1992
| Wawasan Asas Kemajuan
(Vision is the Basis of Progress)
|
|-
| 1993
| Bersatu Menuju Wawasan
(Together Towards Vision)
|
|-
| 1994
| Nilai Murni Jayakan Wawasan
(Good Values Makes the Vision a Success)
|
|-
| 1995
| Jatidiri Pengerak Wawasan
(Steadfastness Moves the Vision Forward)
|
|-
| 1996
| Budaya Penentu Kecapaian
(Culture Determines Achievements )
|
|-
| 1997
| Akhlak Mulia Masyarakat Jaya
(Good Values Make a Successful Society)
|
|-
| 1998
| Negara Kita, Tanggungjawab Kita
(Our Country, Our Responsibility)
|
|-
| 1999
| Bersatu Ke Alaf Baru
(Together Towards the New Millennium)
|
|-
| 2000–2006
| Keranamu: MALAYSIA
(Because of you: MALAYSIA)
|
|-
| 2007
| Malaysiaku Gemilang
(My Glorious Malaysia)
|
|-
| 2008
| Perpaduan Teras Kejayaan
(Unity Is The Core of Success)
|
|-
| 2009
| 1 Malaysia
, Rakyat Didahulukan, Pencapaian Diutamakan
(1 Malaysia, People First, Performance Now)
|
|-
| 2010
| 1 Malaysia, Menjana Transformasi
(1 Malaysia, Transforming the Nation)
|-
| 2011
| 1 Malaysia, Transformasi Berjaya, Rakyat Sejahtera
(1 Malaysia, Transformation Success, People Peace)
|}
Federation of Malaya
The Federation of Malaya is the name given to a federation of 11 states that existed from 31 January 1948 until 16 September 1963. The Federation became independent on 31 August 1957...
from British colonial rule in 1957, celebrated on August 31 each year. It is not to be confused with the formation of Malaysia
Malaysia Day
Malaysia Day is held on September 16 every year to commemorate the establishment of the Malaysian federation on the same date in 1963. It marked the joining together of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore to form Malaysia...
. August 31 of 1957 is designated as the formation of Malaya which does not include the states of Sabah and Sarawak.
Events leading up to independence
The effort for independence was spearheaded by Tunku Abdul Rahman, the first Prime Minister of MalaysiaPrime Minister of Malaysia
The Prime Minister of Malaysia is the indirectly elected head of government of Malaysia. He is officially appointed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the head of state, who in HM's judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members of that House of Representatives , the...
, who led a delegation of ministers and political leaders of Malaya in negotiations with the British in London for Merdeka
Merdeka
Merdeka is a word in the Indonesian and Malay language meaning Independent or freedom. It is derived from the Sanskrit Maharddhika meaning "rich, prosperous and powerful". In the Malay archipelago, this term had acquired the meaning of a freed slave...
, or independence along with the first president of the Malayan Chinese Association (MCA) Tun Dato Sir Tan Cheng Lock
Tan Cheng Lock
Tun Dato Sri Sir Cheng-lock Tan, DPMJ, KBE was a Malaysian Chinese businessman and a key public figure who devoted his life to fighting for the rights and the social welfare of the Chinese community in Malaya...
and fifth President of Malaysian Indian Congress Tun V.T. Sambanthan. Once it became increasingly clear that the Communist threat posed during the Malayan Emergency
Malayan Emergency
The Malayan Emergency was a guerrilla war fought between Commonwealth armed forces and the Malayan National Liberation Army , the military arm of the Malayan Communist Party, from 1948 to 1960....
was petering out, agreement
Treaty of London 1956
The Treaty of London 1956 was signed to set up the independent Federation of Malaya, which achieved its independence on 31 August 1957.-See also:*Reid Commission*Merdeka Day...
was reached on February 8, 1956, for Malaya to gain independence from the British Empire. However, for a number of logistical and administrative reasons, it was decided that the official proclamation of independence
Proclamation of Malayan Independence
The Proclamation of Malayan Independence was read by the first Malayan prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman at 8.00 a.m. on Saturday, August 31, 1957 at Stadium Merdeka , Kuala Lumpur.-Malay: PERMASYHURAN KEMERDEKAAN...
would only be made the next year, on August 31, 1957, at Stadium Merdeka
Stadium Merdeka
Stadium Merdeka is a sports stadium, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was initially erected for Malaysia's declaration of independence on 31 August 1957....
(Independence Stadium), in Kuala Lumpur.
August 31, 1957
On the night of August 30, 1957, crowds gathered at the Royal Selangor ClubRoyal Selangor Club
The Royal Selangor Club is a social club in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, founded in 1884 by the British who ruled Malaya. The club is situated next to the Dataran Merdeka, or Independence Square, padang , and is accessible from Jalan Raja...
Padang
Merdeka Square
Merdeka Square may refer to:*Merdeka Square, Jakarta- The central park of Jakarta with National Monument rise in the center to commemorate the Indonesian independence....
in Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur
Kuala Lumpur is the capital and the second largest city in Malaysia by population. The city proper, making up an area of , has a population of 1.4 million as of 2010. Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, is an urban agglomeration of 7.2 million...
to witness the handover of power from the British. Prime Minister-designate Tunku Abdul Rahman
Tunku Abdul Rahman
Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah, AC, CH was Chief Minister of the Federation of Malaya from 1955, and the country's first Prime Minister from independence in 1957. He remained as the Prime Minister after Sabah, Sarawak, and Singapore joined the...
arrived at 11:58 pm and joined members of the Alliance Party's youth divisions in observing two minutes of darkness. On the stroke of midnight, the lights were switched back on, and the Union Flag
Union Flag
The Union Flag, also known as the Union Jack, is the flag of the United Kingdom. It retains an official or semi-official status in some Commonwealth Realms; for example, it is known as the Royal Union Flag in Canada. It is also used as an official flag in some of the smaller British overseas...
in the square was lowered. The new Flag of Malaya was raised as the national anthem Negaraku
Negaraku
"Negaraku" is the national anthem of Malaysia. "Negaraku" was selected as a national anthem at the time of the Federation of Malaya's independence from Britain in 1957. The tune was originally used as the state anthem of Perak, which was adopted from a popular French melody titled "La Rosalie"...
was played. This was followed by seven chants of 'Merdeka' by the crowd. Tunku Abdul Rahman gave a speech hailing the ceremony as "greatest moment in the life of the Malayan people".
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
The Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester was a soldier and member of the British Royal Family, the third son of George V of the United Kingdom and Queen Mary....
presented Tunku Abdul Rahman with the instrument of independence. Tunku then proceeded to read the Proclamation of Independence
Proclamation of Malayan Independence
The Proclamation of Malayan Independence was read by the first Malayan prime minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman at 8.00 a.m. on Saturday, August 31, 1957 at Stadium Merdeka , Kuala Lumpur.-Malay: PERMASYHURAN KEMERDEKAAN...
, which culminated in the chanting of 'Merdeka' seven times with the crowd joining in. The ceremony continued with the raising of the National Flag of Malaya accompanied by the national anthem being played and a 21-gun salute, followed by an azan
Azan
Azan may refer to:* Adhan or Azaan, Islamic call to prayer* Ivan Asen I of Bulgaria r. 1189-1196 or his son* Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria r. 1218-1241* Azan , Star Trek character* Azan , character in Greek mythology* Azan, Afghanistan...
call and a thanksgiving prayer in honor of this great occasion.
Attendees
The foreign guests of honour included:Members of royal families:
- The KingBhumibol AdulyadejBhumibol Adulyadej is the current King of Thailand. He is known as Rama IX...
and Queen of ThailandSirikitSomdet Phra Nang Chao Sirikit Phra Borommarachininat , is the queen consort of Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand. She is the second Queen Regent of Thailand... - The Crown PrinceAkihitois the current , the 125th emperor of his line according to Japan's traditional order of succession. He acceded to the throne in 1989.-Name:In Japan, the emperor is never referred to by his given name, but rather is referred to as "His Imperial Majesty the Emperor" which may be shortened to . In...
and Princess of Japan - The DukePrince Henry, Duke of GloucesterThe Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester was a soldier and member of the British Royal Family, the third son of George V of the United Kingdom and Queen Mary....
and Duchess of GloucesterPrincess Alice, Duchess of GloucesterPrincess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester was a member of the British Royal Family, the wife and then widow of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, the third son of George V and Queen Mary.The daughter of the 7th Duke of Buccleuch & Queensberry, Scotland’s largest landowner, her brothers Walter and...
(representing The Queen)- Prince William of GloucesterPrince William of GloucesterPrince William of Gloucester was a member of the British Royal Family, a grandson of George V.-Early life:...
- Prince William of Gloucester
Heads of government:
- The Prime Minister of South Africa, Johannes Gerhardus StrijdomJohannes Gerhardus StrijdomJohannes Gerhardus Strijdom, commonly called JG Strydom or Hans Strydom , nicknamed the Lion of the North, was Prime Minister of South Africa from 30 November 1954 to 24 August 1958...
- The Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal NehruJawaharlal NehruJawaharlal Nehru , often referred to with the epithet of Panditji, was an Indian statesman who became the first Prime Minister of independent India and became noted for his “neutralist” policies in foreign affairs. He was also one of the principal leaders of India’s independence movement in the...
- The Prime Minister of Pakistan, Huseyn Shaheed SuhrawardyHuseyn Shaheed SuhrawardyHuseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy was a Pakistani-Bengali politician and statesman who served as 5th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1956 till 1957, and a close associate of Mohammad Ali Jinnah and Liaquat Ali Khan, first Prime minister of Pakistan...
- The Prime Minister of Vietnam, Pham Van Dong
- The Prime Minister of Ceylon, Solomon BandaranaikeSolomon BandaranaikeSolomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike (Sinhala:සොලමන් වෙස්ට් රිජ්වේ ඩයස් බන්ඩාරනායක)(Tamil:சாலமன் வெஸ்ட் ரிச்சர்ட் டயஸ் பண்டாரநாயக்கா)Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike (Sinhala:සොලමන් වෙස්ට් රිජ්වේ ඩයස් බන්ඩාරනායක)(Tamil:சாலமன் வெஸ்ட் ரிச்சர்ட் டயஸ்...
- The Prime Minister of Burma, U NuU NuFor other people with the Burmese name Nu, see Nu .U Nu was a leading Burmese nationalist and political figure of the 20th century...
- The Prime Minister of Cambodia, Sim Var
- The United States Secretary of State, John Foster DullesJohn Foster DullesJohn Foster Dulles served as U.S. Secretary of State under President Dwight D. Eisenhower from 1953 to 1959. He was a significant figure in the early Cold War era, advocating an aggressive stance against communism throughout the world...
(representing US President Dwight D. EisenhowerDwight D. EisenhowerDwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was the 34th President of the United States, from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army...
)
Representatives from other British colonies:
- The Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Alexander GranthamAlexander GranthamSir Alexander William George Herder Grantham, GCMG was a British colonial administrator who governed Hong Kong and Fiji.-Early life, colonial administration career:...
- The Chief Minister of Singapore, Lim Yew HockLim Yew HockLim Yew Hock , later renamed Haji Omar Lim Yew Hock, was Singapore’s second Chief Minister from 1956 to 1959. He is known for suppressing the communist movements and leading the all-party delegation that won internal self-government for Singapore....
- The High Commissioners of Australia, Canada and New Zealand in Malaya
Members of the former British colonial administration
British Malaya
British Malaya loosely described a set of states on the Malay Peninsula and the Island of Singapore that were brought under British control between the 18th and the 20th centuries...
- Sir Gerald TemplerGerald TemplerField Marshal Sir Gerald Walter Robert Templer KG, GCB, GCMG, KBE was a British military commander. He is best known for his defeat of the guerrilla rebels in Malaya between 1952 and 1954...
(former British High Commissioner in Malaya) and Lady Templer - Lady Gurney (wife of former British High Commissioner in Malaya Sir Henry GurneyHenry GurneySir Henry Lovell Goldsworthy Gurney KCMG K.St.J. was a British official who was assassinated by communist insurgents during the Malayan Emergency.-Background:...
) - Lady Gent (wife of former British High Commissioner in Malaya Sir Edward GentEdward GentSir Gerard Edward James Gent, KCMG, DSO, OBE, MC, was the first appointed Governor of the Malayan Union in 1946.-Life:Sir Edward was born in 1895 was the son of John Gent and Harriet Frankland Randall. His real name is Gerard Edward James Gent, but he changed it to Edward James Gent, the reasons...
)
The formation of Malaysia
The Federation of Malaysia, comprising the States of Malaya, North BorneoNorth Borneo
North Borneo was a British protectorate under the sovereign North Borneo Chartered Company from 1882 to 1946. After the war it became a crown colony of Great Britain from 1946 to 1963, known in this time as British North Borneo. It is located on the northeastern end of the island of Borneo. It is...
(later renamed Sabah
Sabah
Sabah is one of 13 member states of Malaysia. It is located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo. It is the second largest state in the country after Sarawak, which it borders on its southwest. It also shares a border with the province of East Kalimantan of Indonesia in the south...
), Sarawak
Sarawak
Sarawak is one of two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Known as Bumi Kenyalang , Sarawak is situated on the north-west of the island. It is the largest state in Malaysia followed by Sabah, the second largest state located to the North- East.The administrative capital is Kuching, which...
and Singapore
Singapore
Singapore , officially the Republic of Singapore, is a Southeast Asian city-state off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, north of the equator. An island country made up of 63 islands, it is separated from Malaysia by the Straits of Johor to its north and from Indonesia's Riau Islands by the...
was to be officially declared on the date August 31, 1963, on the 6th anniversary of Malayan independence. However, it was postponed to September 16, 1963, mainly due to Indonesian and the Philippines' opposition to the formation of Malaysia. Nevertheless, North Borneo and Singapore declared sovereignty on August 31, 1963. Indonesian opposition later escalated to a military conflict
Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation
Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation during 1962–1966 was Indonesia’s political and armed opposition to the creation of Malaysia. It is also known by its Indonesian/Malay name Konfrontasi...
.
Indonesia considered Malaysia as a new form of colonization on the provinces of Sarawak and Sabah in the island of Borneo (bordering Kalimantan, Indonesia), which they laid claim on. To assure Indonesia that Malaysia was not a form of neo-colonialism, a referendum, organized by the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
, and the Cobbold Commission
Cobbold Commission
The Cobbold Commission, was a Commission of Enquiry set up to determine whether the people of North Borneo and Sarawak supported the proposal to create the Malaysia consisting of Malaya, Singapore, North Borneo, and Sarawak. It was also responsible for the subsequent drafting of the Constitution...
, led by Lord Cobbold, were formed to determine whether the people of Sabah
Sabah
Sabah is one of 13 member states of Malaysia. It is located on the northern portion of the island of Borneo. It is the second largest state in the country after Sarawak, which it borders on its southwest. It also shares a border with the province of East Kalimantan of Indonesia in the south...
and Sarawak
Sarawak
Sarawak is one of two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Known as Bumi Kenyalang , Sarawak is situated on the north-west of the island. It is the largest state in Malaysia followed by Sabah, the second largest state located to the North- East.The administrative capital is Kuching, which...
wished to join Malaysia. Their eventual findings which indicated substantial support for Malaysia among the peoples of Sabah and Sarawak, cleared the way for the final proclamation of Malaysia.
The formation of the Federation of Malaysia was then announced on September 16, 1963 as Malaysia Day
Malaysia Day
Malaysia Day is held on September 16 every year to commemorate the establishment of the Malaysian federation on the same date in 1963. It marked the joining together of Malaya, North Borneo, Sarawak, and Singapore to form Malaysia...
. The nationwide Independence Day celebration is still held on August 31, the original independence date of Malaya, while Malaysia Day was a public holiday only in East Malaysia. However, this has caused some minor discontent among East Malaysians in particular since it has been argued that celebrating the national day on August 31 is too Malaya-centric. In 2009, it was decided that starting 2010, Malaysia Day would be a nationwide public holiday in addition to Hari Merdeka on August 31.
| 1970
| Muhibah dan Perpaduan
(Love and Unity)
| none
|-
| 1971
| Masyarakat Progresif
(Progressive Society)
| none
|-
| 1972
| Masyarakat Adil
(Fair Society)
| none
|-
| 1973
| Masyarakat Berkebudayaan Malaysia
(A Society with Malaysian Culture)
| none
|-
| 1974
| Sains dan Teknologi Alat Perpaduan
(Science and Technology as Tools of Unity)
| none
|-
| 1975
| Masyarakat Berdikari
(A Self-Reliant Society)
| none
|-
| 1976
| Ketahanan Rakyat
(Strength of the People)
|
|-
| 1977
| Bersatu Maju
(United and Progressive)
|
|-
| 1978
| Kebudayaan Sendi Perpaduan
(Culture is the Core of Unity)
|
|-
| 1979
| Bersatu Berdisplin
(United and Disciplined)
|
|-
| 1980
| Berdisplin Berbakti
(Discipline and Service)
|
|-
| 1981
| Berdisplin Berharmoni
(Discipline and Harmony)
|
|-
| 1982
| Berdisplin Giat Maju
(Discipline Creates Progress)
|
|-
| 1983
| Bersama Ke Arah Kemajuan
(Together Towards Success)
|
|-
| 1984
| Amanah Asas Kejayaan
(Honesty Brings Success)
|
|-
| 1985
| Nasionalisme Teras Perpaduan
(Nationalism is the Core of Unity)
|
|-
| 1986
| Bangsa Tegas Negara Teguh
(Steadfast Society, Strong Country)
|
|-
| 1987
| Setia Bersatu Berusaha Maju
(Loyally United and Progressively Working)
|
|-
| 1988
| Bersatu
(Unity)
|
|-
| 1989
| Bersatu
(Unity)
|
|-
| 1990
| Berjaya
(Success)
|
|-
| 1991
| Wawasan 2020
Wawasan 2020
Wawasan 2020 or Vision 2020 is a Malaysian ideal introduced by the former Prime Minister of Malaysia, Mahathir bin Mohamad during the tabling of the Sixth Malaysia Plan in 1991...
(Vision 2020)
|
|-
| 1992
| Wawasan Asas Kemajuan
(Vision is the Basis of Progress)
|
|-
| 1993
| Bersatu Menuju Wawasan
(Together Towards Vision)
|
|-
| 1994
| Nilai Murni Jayakan Wawasan
(Good Values Makes the Vision a Success)
|
|-
| 1995
| Jatidiri Pengerak Wawasan
(Steadfastness Moves the Vision Forward)
|
|-
| 1996
| Budaya Penentu Kecapaian
(Culture Determines Achievements )
|
|-
| 1997
| Akhlak Mulia Masyarakat Jaya
(Good Values Make a Successful Society)
|
|-
| 1998
| Negara Kita, Tanggungjawab Kita
(Our Country, Our Responsibility)
|
|-
| 1999
| Bersatu Ke Alaf Baru
(Together Towards the New Millennium)
|
|-
| 2000–2006
| Keranamu: MALAYSIA
(Because of you: MALAYSIA)
|
|-
| 2007
| Malaysiaku Gemilang
(My Glorious Malaysia)
|
|-
| 2008
| Perpaduan Teras Kejayaan
(Unity Is The Core of Success)
|
|-
| 2009
| 1 Malaysia
1Malaysia
1Malaysia is an on-going programme designed by Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak on September 16, 2010, calling for the cabinet, government agencies, and civil servants to more strongly emphasize ethnic harmony, national unity, and efficient governance....
, Rakyat Didahulukan, Pencapaian Diutamakan
(1 Malaysia, People First, Performance Now)
|
|-
| 2010
| 1 Malaysia, Menjana Transformasi
(1 Malaysia, Transforming the Nation)
|-
| 2011
| 1 Malaysia, Transformasi Berjaya, Rakyat Sejahtera
(1 Malaysia, Transformation Success, People Peace)
|}
See also
- History of MalaysiaHistory of MalaysiaMalaysia is a country in South East Asia whose strategic sea-lane position brought trade and foreign influences that fundamentally influenced its history. Hindu and Buddhist cultures imported from India dominated early Malaysian history...
- Peninsular MalaysiaPeninsular MalaysiaPeninsular Malaysia , also known as West Malaysia , is the part of Malaysia which lies on the Malay Peninsula. Its area is . It shares a land border with Thailand in the north. To the south is the island of Singapore. Across the Strait of Malacca to the west lies the island of Sumatra...
- Federation of Malaysia
- Hari Merdeka ParadeHari Merdeka ParadeThe Hari Merdeka Parade is an annual parade held every August 31 in commemoration of Malaysia's independence. Since independence, the event has been usually held at Merdeka Square, Kuala Lumpur in commemoration of it being the original site of the first independence parade, which was held on...