Gondershausen
Encyclopedia
Gondershausen is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality
belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde
, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district
) in Rhineland-Palatinate
, Germany
. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Emmelshausen
, whose seat is in the like-named town
.
between the Baybach and Ehrbach valleys to the north and south, and the Rhine and the Moselle in the east and west.
s in Schorfeld, Steinmelt, Lampenheck and Scheidwald bear witness to early human habitation in the Gondershausen area in Hallstatt times
(1000-400 BC). Vessels and ironware have also been unearthed locally at some of the newer barrows. These date from La Tène times
(400-100 BC). By about 50 BC, the most influential culture was the Roman Empire
. The Romans built watermains and were the first to use brick
s in the region. Eventually, they also brought the first contact with Christianity
.
The antiquarian Johann Christian von Stramberg
noted that in AD 367, “Roman riders came by way of Guntershusin and in a dale found a few cottages, called Pichenbach.” Christianization came between 400 and 600.
In 893, King Arnulf donated holdings to St. Maximin’s
Benedictine
Abbey in Trier
. Gondershausen, however, is not mentioned by name, though there is an etching in the document.
On 13 June 897, Gondershausen had its first documentary mention as Guntereshusen when King Arnulf’s donations were confirmed by his son Zwentibold. Gunter here is a personal name while the ending —husen was used by the Franks
for a settlement in the heights. Sometime between 900 and 1084, the parish of Gondershausen was established. On 4 October 1084, Gondershausen was restored to St. Maximin’s Abbey after a certain “Luitoldus” had unlawfully taken ownership. The first known priest in Gondershausen was the one serving in 1153 whose name was “Corardus”. In 1200, St. Maximin’s Abbey relinquished its claim to Gondershausen and ownership then passed to the Counts Palatine.
Sometime in the 11th or 12th century, Gondershausen’s first church, a Romanesque
building, was built. The 12th century also saw two castles built nearby, Castle Waldeck and Castle Schöneck, whose lords wielded influence and rights throughout the area. On 7 May 1285, Guntirshusen passed to Conrat zu Schonecke, whereupon the landlords at Waldeck and Schöneck once again divided up their holdings.
In 1332, the robber knight Heinrich von Waldeck, called von Renneberg, endowed the local church. His bequest was 15 Denare for the priest at Gondershausen, while the church itself got 2 marks. In 1399, Wynant von Waldeck was mentioned as having been made the village’s Vogt
(roughly “reeve”). The next year, Peter von Schöneck was mentioned as being the fiefholder at Gondershausen, as was Cuno von Schöneck later, in 1462. In 1410, King Ruprecht of the Palatinate bequeathed Gondershausen to the House of Palatinate-Simmern.
In 1443, Saint Anthony’s Church (St. Antonius Kirche) in Niedergondershausen (“Lower Gondershausen”) was mentioned for the first time. An old Gondershausen court seal from 1466 stands as the earliest reference to Saint Servatius
as the parish patron.
In 1508, the House of Schöneck died out with Georg von Schöneck, who bequeathed to the parish priest hunting and fishing rights on the condition that he say Mass
in return on an ongoing basis. In 1598, Simmern, and thereby Gondershausen too, passed back to Electoral Palatinate.
The 17th century brought the Thirty Years' War
, and along with it a Spanish
invasion and the Plague in 1620 and 1621. In 1631 came the Swedes
from the Moselle. They reintroduced Calvinism
and drove out the Catholic priest, Konrad Blumenthal, who had taken over the parish in 1625.
In 1650 there was widespread hunger in Gondershausen, and the famine
was so serious that the villagers were even trading land for bread.
In 1685, there was a school
in Gondershausen for the first time. The village’s first schoolteacher was Burkhard Ross. This same year also brought freedom of religion
. In 1689 there was a feud between the townsmen of Simmern
and the peasants of Gondershausen over a sum of money lent the former. The latter group won, and the Simmerners suffered one death among them as a result.
Beginning in 1794, Gondershausen lay under French
rule. The French swept the old mediaeval
order away. In 1797, they abolished tithes; serfdom
, too, was all but banned. In 1815 Gondershausen was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia
at the Congress of Vienna
. In the years 1820 to 1830, and again from 1860 to 1870, there were waves of emigration to the United States
and the Ruhr area
. Between these two periods, the year 1846 was marked by a great crop failure.
The early 20th century brought with it a railway, the Hunsrückbahn between Simmern and Boppard
. However, it also brought the First World War, in which Gondershausen lost 45 men. The 1930s saw the rise of the Nazis and the Third Reich
. This resulted in the construction of the Hunsrückhöhenstraße (“Hunsrück Heights Road”, a scenic road across the Hunsrück built originally as a military road on Hermann Göring
’s orders), but also in the outbreak of the Second World War. This claimed 76 Gondershausen men’s lives. Also, near the municipality itself, a USAAF
bomber was shot down and the crew was forced to make an emergency landing. On 15 March 1945 the Americans marched in from the Moselle, meeting very little resistance from German forces. Most of the villagers had sought shelter in mine galleries in the Baybach valley.
Since 1946, Gondershausen has been part of the then newly founded state
of Rhineland-Palatinate
. In 1958, Flurbereinigung
was undertaken. On 1 April 1969, the municipality of Gondershausen was newly formed out of what had until then been two self-administering municipalities, Niedergondershausen (“Lower Gondershausen”, with 673 inhabitants) and Obergondershausen (“Upper Gondershausen”, with 465 inhabitants).
On 11 April 1973, Gondershausen was officially recognized as a recreation resort (Erholungsort) by the State Technical Committee for Spas (Landesfachausschuß für Kurorte). In 1979, Gondershausen’s new coat of arms
was introduced. An official municipal flag followed in January 1996. In 2010, a solar park
was brought into service.
at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. The 16 seats on council are shared between two voters’ groups. The 2004 election was based on majority vote
.
The municipality’s arms
might in English heraldic
language be described thus: Per pale sable a lion rampant Or armed, langued and crowned gules, and argent a bishop’s staff of the first surmounted by a mitre of the third.
The charge
on the dexter (armsbearer’s right, viewer’s left) side, the Palatine Lion, stands for the village’s former allegiance to the Counts Palatine, while the charges on the sinister (armsbearer’s left, viewer’s right) side, a bishop’s staff and a mitre, are a holy bishop’s attributes, as shown on a court seal on a 1466 document from Gontershusen.
’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
Municipalities of Germany
Municipalities are the lowest level of territorial division in Germany. This may be the fourth level of territorial division in Germany, apart from those states which include Regierungsbezirke , where municipalities then become the fifth level.-Overview:With more than 3,400,000 inhabitants, the...
belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde
Verbandsgemeinde
A Verbandsgemeinde is an administrative unit in the German Bundesländer of Rhineland-Palatinate and Saxony-Anhalt.-Rhineland-Palatinate:...
, a kind of collective municipality – in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis (district
Districts of Germany
The districts of Germany are known as , except in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein where they are known simply as ....
) in Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of and about four million inhabitants. The capital is Mainz. English speakers also commonly refer to the state by its German name, Rheinland-Pfalz ....
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
. It belongs to the Verbandsgemeinde of Emmelshausen
Emmelshausen (Verbandsgemeinde)
Emmelshausen is a Verbandsgemeinde in the Rhein-Hunsrück district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Its seat is in Emmelshausen....
, whose seat is in the like-named town
Emmelshausen
Emmelshausen is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, to which it also belongs...
.
Location
The municipality lies in the northernmost part of the HunsrückHunsrück
The Hunsrück is a low mountain range in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is bounded by the river valleys of the Moselle , the Nahe , and the Rhine . The Hunsrück is continued by the Taunus mountains on the eastern side of the Rhine. In the north behind the Moselle it is continued by the Eifel...
between the Baybach and Ehrbach valleys to the north and south, and the Rhine and the Moselle in the east and west.
History
BarrowTumulus
A tumulus is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, Hügelgrab or kurgans, and can be found throughout much of the world. A tumulus composed largely or entirely of stones is usually referred to as a cairn...
s in Schorfeld, Steinmelt, Lampenheck and Scheidwald bear witness to early human habitation in the Gondershausen area in Hallstatt times
Hallstatt culture
The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Central European culture from the 8th to 6th centuries BC , developing out of the Urnfield culture of the 12th century BC and followed in much of Central Europe by the La Tène culture.By the 6th century BC, the Hallstatt culture extended for some...
(1000-400 BC). Vessels and ironware have also been unearthed locally at some of the newer barrows. These date from La Tène times
La Tène culture
The La Tène culture was a European Iron Age culture named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchâtel in Switzerland, where a rich cache of artifacts was discovered by Hansli Kopp in 1857....
(400-100 BC). By about 50 BC, the most influential culture was the Roman Empire
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
. The Romans built watermains and were the first to use brick
Brick
A brick is a block of ceramic material used in masonry construction, usually laid using various kinds of mortar. It has been regarded as one of the longest lasting and strongest building materials used throughout history.-History:...
s in the region. Eventually, they also brought the first contact with Christianity
Christianity
Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...
.
The antiquarian Johann Christian von Stramberg
Johann Christian von Stramberg
Johann Christian Hermenegild Joseph Franz de Paula Benjamin von Stramberg , commonly known as Johann Christian von Stramberg or Christian von Stramberg was a German historian....
noted that in AD 367, “Roman riders came by way of Guntershusin and in a dale found a few cottages, called Pichenbach.” Christianization came between 400 and 600.
In 893, King Arnulf donated holdings to St. Maximin’s
St. Maximin's Abbey, Trier
St. Maximin's Abbey was a Benedictine monastery in Trier in the Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.-History:The abbey, traditionally considered one of the oldest monasteries in western Europe, was held to have been founded by Saint Maximin of Trier in the 4th century. Maximin St. Maximin's Abbey was a...
Benedictine
Benedictine
Benedictine refers to the spirituality and consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century for the cenobitic communities he founded in central Italy. The most notable of these is Monte Cassino, the first monastery founded by Benedict...
Abbey in Trier
Trier
Trier, historically called in English Treves is a city in Germany on the banks of the Moselle. It is the oldest city in Germany, founded in or before 16 BC....
. Gondershausen, however, is not mentioned by name, though there is an etching in the document.
On 13 June 897, Gondershausen had its first documentary mention as Guntereshusen when King Arnulf’s donations were confirmed by his son Zwentibold. Gunter here is a personal name while the ending —husen was used by the Franks
Franks
The Franks were a confederation of Germanic tribes first attested in the third century AD as living north and east of the Lower Rhine River. From the third to fifth centuries some Franks raided Roman territory while other Franks joined the Roman troops in Gaul. Only the Salian Franks formed a...
for a settlement in the heights. Sometime between 900 and 1084, the parish of Gondershausen was established. On 4 October 1084, Gondershausen was restored to St. Maximin’s Abbey after a certain “Luitoldus” had unlawfully taken ownership. The first known priest in Gondershausen was the one serving in 1153 whose name was “Corardus”. In 1200, St. Maximin’s Abbey relinquished its claim to Gondershausen and ownership then passed to the Counts Palatine.
Sometime in the 11th or 12th century, Gondershausen’s first church, a Romanesque
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of Medieval Europe characterised by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque architecture, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 10th century. It developed in the 12th century into the Gothic style,...
building, was built. The 12th century also saw two castles built nearby, Castle Waldeck and Castle Schöneck, whose lords wielded influence and rights throughout the area. On 7 May 1285, Guntirshusen passed to Conrat zu Schonecke, whereupon the landlords at Waldeck and Schöneck once again divided up their holdings.
In 1332, the robber knight Heinrich von Waldeck, called von Renneberg, endowed the local church. His bequest was 15 Denare for the priest at Gondershausen, while the church itself got 2 marks. In 1399, Wynant von Waldeck was mentioned as having been made the village’s Vogt
Vogt
A Vogt ; plural Vögte; Dutch voogd; Danish foged; ; ultimately from Latin [ad]vocatus) in the Holy Roman Empire was the German title of a reeve or advocate, an overlord exerting guardianship or military protection as well as secular justice...
(roughly “reeve”). The next year, Peter von Schöneck was mentioned as being the fiefholder at Gondershausen, as was Cuno von Schöneck later, in 1462. In 1410, King Ruprecht of the Palatinate bequeathed Gondershausen to the House of Palatinate-Simmern.
In 1443, Saint Anthony’s Church (St. Antonius Kirche) in Niedergondershausen (“Lower Gondershausen”) was mentioned for the first time. An old Gondershausen court seal from 1466 stands as the earliest reference to Saint Servatius
Saint Servatius
Saint Servatius was bishop of Tongeren—Roman Atuatuca Tungrorum the capital of the Tungri—one of the earliest dioceses in the Low Countries. Later in his life he fled to Maastricht, Roman Mosae Trajectum, where he became the first bishop of this city...
as the parish patron.
In 1508, the House of Schöneck died out with Georg von Schöneck, who bequeathed to the parish priest hunting and fishing rights on the condition that he say Mass
Mass (liturgy)
"Mass" is one of the names by which the sacrament of the Eucharist is called in the Roman Catholic Church: others are "Eucharist", the "Lord's Supper", the "Breaking of Bread", the "Eucharistic assembly ", the "memorial of the Lord's Passion and Resurrection", the "Holy Sacrifice", the "Holy and...
in return on an ongoing basis. In 1598, Simmern, and thereby Gondershausen too, passed back to Electoral Palatinate.
The 17th century brought the Thirty Years' War
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most countries in Europe. It was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history....
, and along with it a Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
invasion and the Plague in 1620 and 1621. In 1631 came the Swedes
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
from the Moselle. They reintroduced Calvinism
Calvinism
Calvinism is a Protestant theological system and an approach to the Christian life...
and drove out the Catholic priest, Konrad Blumenthal, who had taken over the parish in 1625.
In 1650 there was widespread hunger in Gondershausen, and the famine
Famine
A famine is a widespread scarcity of food, caused by several factors including crop failure, overpopulation, or government policies. This phenomenon is usually accompanied or followed by regional malnutrition, starvation, epidemic, and increased mortality. Every continent in the world has...
was so serious that the villagers were even trading land for bread.
In 1685, there was a school
School
A school is an institution designed for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is commonly compulsory. In these systems, students progress through a series of schools...
in Gondershausen for the first time. The village’s first schoolteacher was Burkhard Ross. This same year also brought freedom of religion
Freedom of religion
Freedom of religion is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance; the concept is generally recognized also to include the freedom to change religion or not to follow any...
. In 1689 there was a feud between the townsmen of Simmern
Simmern
Simmern is a town of 8,000 inhabitants in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, the district seat of the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis, and the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde...
and the peasants of Gondershausen over a sum of money lent the former. The latter group won, and the Simmerners suffered one death among them as a result.
Beginning in 1794, Gondershausen lay under French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
rule. The French swept the old mediaeval
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
order away. In 1797, they abolished tithes; serfdom
Serfdom
Serfdom is the status of peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to Manorialism. It was a condition of bondage or modified slavery which developed primarily during the High Middle Ages in Europe and lasted to the mid-19th century...
, too, was all but banned. In 1815 Gondershausen was assigned to the Kingdom of Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
at the Congress of Vienna
Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815. The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars,...
. In the years 1820 to 1830, and again from 1860 to 1870, there were waves of emigration to the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
and the Ruhr area
Ruhr Area
The Ruhr, by German-speaking geographers and historians more accurately called Ruhr district or Ruhr region , is an urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. With 4435 km² and a population of some 5.2 million , it is the largest urban agglomeration in Germany...
. Between these two periods, the year 1846 was marked by a great crop failure.
The early 20th century brought with it a railway, the Hunsrückbahn between Simmern and Boppard
Boppard
Boppard is a town in the Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, lying in the Rhine Gorge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It belongs to no Verbandsgemeinde. The town is also a state-recognized tourism resort and is a winegrowing centre.-Location:Boppard lies on the upper Middle...
. However, it also brought the First World War, in which Gondershausen lost 45 men. The 1930s saw the rise of the Nazis and the Third Reich
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
. This resulted in the construction of the Hunsrückhöhenstraße (“Hunsrück Heights Road”, a scenic road across the Hunsrück built originally as a military road on Hermann Göring
Hermann Göring
Hermann Wilhelm Göring, was a German politician, military leader, and a leading member of the Nazi Party. He was a veteran of World War I as an ace fighter pilot, and a recipient of the coveted Pour le Mérite, also known as "The Blue Max"...
’s orders), but also in the outbreak of the Second World War. This claimed 76 Gondershausen men’s lives. Also, near the municipality itself, a USAAF
United States Army Air Forces
The United States Army Air Forces was the military aviation arm of the United States of America during and immediately after World War II, and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force....
bomber was shot down and the crew was forced to make an emergency landing. On 15 March 1945 the Americans marched in from the Moselle, meeting very little resistance from German forces. Most of the villagers had sought shelter in mine galleries in the Baybach valley.
Since 1946, Gondershausen has been part of the then newly founded state
States of Germany
Germany is made up of sixteen which are partly sovereign constituent states of the Federal Republic of Germany. Land literally translates as "country", and constitutionally speaking, they are constituent countries...
of Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of and about four million inhabitants. The capital is Mainz. English speakers also commonly refer to the state by its German name, Rheinland-Pfalz ....
. In 1958, Flurbereinigung
Flurbereinigung
Flurbereinigung is the German word used to describe land reforms in various countries, especially Germany and Austria. The term can best be translated as land consolidation. Another European country where those land reforms have been carried out is France...
was undertaken. On 1 April 1969, the municipality of Gondershausen was newly formed out of what had until then been two self-administering municipalities, Niedergondershausen (“Lower Gondershausen”, with 673 inhabitants) and Obergondershausen (“Upper Gondershausen”, with 465 inhabitants).
On 11 April 1973, Gondershausen was officially recognized as a recreation resort (Erholungsort) by the State Technical Committee for Spas (Landesfachausschuß für Kurorte). In 1979, Gondershausen’s new coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
was introduced. An official municipal flag followed in January 1996. In 2010, a solar park
Photovoltaic system
A photovoltaic system is a system which uses one or more solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity. It consists of multiple components, including the photovoltaic modules, mechanical and electrical connections and mountings and means of regulating and/or modifying the electrical...
was brought into service.
Municipal council
The council is made up of 16 council members, who were elected by proportional representationProportional representation
Proportional representation is a concept in voting systems used to elect an assembly or council. PR means that the number of seats won by a party or group of candidates is proportionate to the number of votes received. For example, under a PR voting system if 30% of voters support a particular...
at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman. The 16 seats on council are shared between two voters’ groups. The 2004 election was based on majority vote
Plurality voting system
The plurality voting system is a single-winner voting system often used to elect executive officers or to elect members of a legislative assembly which is based on single-member constituencies...
.
Mayor
Gondershausen’s mayor is Karl-Josef Adams, and his deputies are Karl Kremer and Friedel Hoffmann.Coat of arms
The German blazon reads: In gespaltenem Schild vorne in Schwarz ein rotbewehrter, -gezungter und -gekrönter goldener Löwe, hinten in Silber ein schwarzer Bischofsstab belegt mit einer roten Mitra.The municipality’s arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
might in English heraldic
Heraldry
Heraldry is the profession, study, or art of creating, granting, and blazoning arms and ruling on questions of rank or protocol, as exercised by an officer of arms. Heraldry comes from Anglo-Norman herald, from the Germanic compound harja-waldaz, "army commander"...
language be described thus: Per pale sable a lion rampant Or armed, langued and crowned gules, and argent a bishop’s staff of the first surmounted by a mitre of the third.
The charge
Charge (heraldry)
In heraldry, a charge is any emblem or device occupying the field of an escutcheon . This may be a geometric design or a symbolic representation of a person, animal, plant, object or other device...
on the dexter (armsbearer’s right, viewer’s left) side, the Palatine Lion, stands for the village’s former allegiance to the Counts Palatine, while the charges on the sinister (armsbearer’s left, viewer’s right) side, a bishop’s staff and a mitre, are a holy bishop’s attributes, as shown on a court seal on a 1466 document from Gontershusen.
Buildings
The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-PalatinateRhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of and about four million inhabitants. The capital is Mainz. English speakers also commonly refer to the state by its German name, Rheinland-Pfalz ....
’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
- Saint Anthony the Abbot’sAnthony the GreatAnthony the Great or Antony the Great , , also known as Saint Anthony, Anthony the Abbot, Anthony of Egypt, Anthony of the Desert, Anthony the Anchorite, Abba Antonius , and Father of All Monks, was a Christian saint from Egypt, a prominent leader among the Desert Fathers...
Catholic Church (branch church; Filialkirche St. Antonius Abbas), Rhein-Mosel-Straße – Romanesque RevivalRomanesque Revival architectureRomanesque Revival is a style of building employed beginning in the mid 19th century inspired by the 11th and 12th century Romanesque architecture...
quarrystone aisleless churchAisleless churchAn Aisleless church is a single-nave church building that consists of a single hall-like room. While similar to the hall church, the aisleless church lacks aisles or passageways either side of the nave separated from the nave by colonnades or arcades, a row of pillars or columns...
, 1842–1844, tower expansion 1869, rebuilt in 1950 after war damage - Saint ServatiusSaint ServatiusSaint Servatius was bishop of Tongeren—Roman Atuatuca Tungrorum the capital of the Tungri—one of the earliest dioceses in the Low Countries. Later in his life he fled to Maastricht, Roman Mosae Trajectum, where he became the first bishop of this city...
’s Catholic Parish Church (Pfarrkirche St. Servatius), Rhein-Mosel-Straße – three-naved brick pseudobasilica, 1863–1865, mediaeval west tower, raised about 1740; churchyard, tomb slab, marked 1786; sandstoneSandstoneSandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains.Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust. Like sand, sandstone may be any colour, but the most common colours are tan, brown, yellow,...
cross from a CrucifixionCrucifixion of JesusThe crucifixion of Jesus and his ensuing death is an event that occurred during the 1st century AD. Jesus, who Christians believe is the Son of God as well as the Messiah, was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally executed on a cross...
group, marked 1784; whole complex of buildings with parish hall - Schulstraße/corner of Friedhofsweg – BaroqueBaroque architectureBaroque architecture is a term used to describe the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late sixteenth century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and...
crucifixCrucifixA crucifix is an independent image of Jesus on the cross with a representation of Jesus' body, referred to in English as the corpus , as distinct from a cross with no body....
at Saint Anthony’s ChapelChapelA chapel is a building used by Christians as a place of fellowship and worship. It may be part of a larger structure or complex, such as a church, college, hospital, palace, prison or funeral home, located on board a military or commercial ship, or it may be an entirely free-standing building,...
(St.-Antonius-Kapelle) - Hübelstraße 17 – timber-frameTimber framingTimber framing , or half-timbering, also called in North America "post-and-beam" construction, is the method of creating structures using heavy squared off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs . It is commonplace in large barns...
Quereinhaus (a combination residential and commercial house divided for these two purposes down the middle, perpendicularly to the street), half-hipped roof, early 19th century - Rhein-Mosel-Straße 89 – estate complex along the street; timber-frame building, partly solid, marked 1763
- Schulstraße 44 – timber-frame Quereinhaus, partly solid and slated, 19th century
- Jagdhaus Mäuseberg (hunting lodge) – not open to the public
- Chapel, near the Schultheisser Mühle (mill) – Baroque aisleless church, 18th century, wooden cross marked 1774