Brasília Metro
Encyclopedia
Brasília Metro is the metro
system in Brasília
, the capital of Brazil
. It is operated by Metro-DF or Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal, and was opened in 2001. The system has 24 stations on two lines, in operation from 06:00 AM to 11:30 PM Mondays to Saturdays, and from 07:00 AM to 7:00 PM on Sundays, and covering part of the metropolitan area
. Its main problem is the sheer distance between stations, making it a small component of the transit system of Brasília. The community
of Águas Claras is well served by the system, making it one of the fastest-growing areas of Brasília.
The access to Metro-DF is controlled by electronic locks entry and exit. To travel on the metro, ticket
s are unitary, which contains a single trip, or the magnetic card, which are inserted into the travel claims. When the credits end, there is no need to buy a new card, just recharge it.
The supervision and control of the operation, which includes subsystems of traffic
, energy
, telecommunication
s are centralized by the Operational Control Center (OCC), considered the brains of the Metro-DF. The control is fully computer
ized. Qualified professionals are attached, full-time, all the activity of train
s. All this is done with the help of sensors installed along the tracks and a communication
system
in optical fiber
. This structure allows reception and transmission of information between the OCC and the other units of the metro system, like trains, stations and substations. The center receives real-time information on speed
routes, time spent at stations, passenger flow and energy supply routes.
The electricity
used by the Metro-DF is supplied by Companhia Energética de Brasília (CEB), directly from Furnas
. Arrives at 13,800 V alternating current and is transformed into power rectifier substations
located along the lines of Metro-DF. These rectifier substations distribute 13,800 V for passenger stations, that turns to 380/220 V, to feed the equipment, and also makes kneeling/rectification to power the trains pull in 750 V. To move the trains, the electric current
is sent to the third rail
and is collected by shoes located on the sides of trains.
Any movement of trains on the lines and yards, signaling systems and auxiliary energy
distribution function under the command of the Operational Control Center (OCC). There is direct communication. Between the OCC and the trains, the OCC and the seasons, the OCC and control tower of the courtyards, and between the control towers and courtyards of the trains. In exceptional situations of operation, the OCC, in touch with teams of technicians and agents in metro station
s and courts, and uses this structure
to command the necessary steps to determine alternative routes for trains. All this is possible thanks to the Signaling and Traffic Control and Automatic Protection System for Trains, which allow the regularity of the interval between trips, speed control and maintenance of the distance
between the trains. Electrical systems, communication and signaling work in a redundant way, ie if there are flaws in the main, the second is immediately fired. The whole system takes corrective and preventive maintenance daily.
("Distrito Federal") began in 1992 and its first phases started working in 1999, but because of a backlog of work, the Metro was not opened on its originally scheduled date and time (21 April 1994 at 17:00). Work was finally finished in the beginning of 2001. The commercial service began in September that year. During the first months, the Metro operated only from 10:00 to 16:00 over 32 km (19.8 mi) of the network of 41 km (25.4 mi). Five more stations were opened in 2008: 108 South, Guariroba, Downtown Ceilândia, Ceilândia North and Ceilândia. 102 South and 112 South stations were opened in 2009. Guará station was opened in 2010.
in Brasília and run parallel up until the águas Claras station. The Orange Line goes to the south, to Terminal Samambaia; the Green Line follows to Ceilândia
. The metro runs underground in Brasília and at Praça do Relógio, centre of Taguatinga. Other than that it runs on the surface. The Metro's commercial speed is 45 km/h (27.9 mi/h). The track gauge is 1600 mm and power is via third rail. Its stations are equipped with stairs and lifts.
s. To deal with the increasing demand, 12 new trains were purchased. with the first arriving in Brasília
on June, 2010. All trains go through a period of engagement and dynamic tests, where all components of traction
, braking, signal
ing and communication
will be assessed. Therefore, it takes 30 days to the effective operation of these cars. The new fleet incorporates a number of advanced technologies including a modern drive system, which reduces the technical flaws of trains and reduce the waiting time at stations. Currently, Metro-DF carries about 160,000 passenger
s per day.
With all new cars in operation, the capacity will be nearly doubled, reaching 300,000 users per day. As of March 2011, all 12 of the new trains have been delivered and are in service. Brasília Metro invested a total of R$ 325 million for the purchase of the new trains, modernizing the aging fleet, and purchasing spare parts. Of this, R$ 260 million was financed by BNDES
, with the remainder being paid by the federal government.
system in Brasília was inaugurated. The Light Rail will depart from Terminal South Wing and will cut the road south and W3 will reach the height of 502 North. This is one of three sections provided for in an online project that integrates a set of measures developed by the Government of the Federal District to revitalize the W3. The complete path will link the Juscelino Kubitschek International Airport
Terminal North Wing and should be ready in 2014, the year of the 2014 FIFA World Cup
. Work on the first phase started the first half of 2010, under the Company's management of the Brasília Metro.
The line uses mild electrical energy, which contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and noise sound
s. In most of the line, the electricity
will come from poles and wires along the track. In the area between 502 South and 502 North, the energy will be collected through the rails, as required by the Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage (Iphan). The route W3 Sul, one of the busiest of the city is 60,000 car
s per day and 800 bus
es. About 150 bus routes run through the W3 South, Metro Light will carry between 15,000 and 18,000 passenger
s per hour in both directions.
Taking the example of the Metro system, the Metropolitan Company of the Federal District expects at least 30% of motorists leave their cars at home and start using the new system, which is fast, punctual, clean, comfortable and secure. A new impetus in the local market will be a consequence of changes in the way of urban W3. The big news is a great place to be built between the Commercial Sector South and Pátio Brasil, and the Commercial Sector North and Brasília Shopping
, which will facilitate the meeting between people. The passage that will be delivered in 2011 are 8.7 km (5.4 mi), 11 station
s and is budgeted at R$ 780 million. Part of the funds R$ 400 million will be funded by the French Development Agency
(AFD) and the remainder will be paid by the Government of the Federal District.
Rapid transit
A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway, metro or metropolitan railway system is an electric passenger railway in an urban area with a high capacity and frequency, and grade separation from other traffic. Rapid transit systems are typically located either in underground tunnels or on...
system in Brasília
Brasília
Brasília is the capital city of Brazil. The name is commonly spelled Brasilia in English. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central. It has a population of about 2,557,000 as of the 2008 IBGE estimate, making it the...
, the capital of Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
. It is operated by Metro-DF or Companhia do Metropolitano do Distrito Federal, and was opened in 2001. The system has 24 stations on two lines, in operation from 06:00 AM to 11:30 PM Mondays to Saturdays, and from 07:00 AM to 7:00 PM on Sundays, and covering part of the metropolitan area
Metropolitan area
The term metropolitan area refers to a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing. A metropolitan area usually encompasses multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships,...
. Its main problem is the sheer distance between stations, making it a small component of the transit system of Brasília. The community
Community
The term community has two distinct meanings:*a group of interacting people, possibly living in close proximity, and often refers to a group that shares some common values, and is attributed with social cohesion within a shared geographical location, generally in social units larger than a household...
of Águas Claras is well served by the system, making it one of the fastest-growing areas of Brasília.
The access to Metro-DF is controlled by electronic locks entry and exit. To travel on the metro, ticket
Train ticket
A train ticket is a ticket issued by a railway operator that enables the bearer to travel on the operator's network or a partner's network. Tickets can authorize the bearer to travel a set itinerary at a specific time , a set itinerary at any time , a set itinerary at multiple times, or an...
s are unitary, which contains a single trip, or the magnetic card, which are inserted into the travel claims. When the credits end, there is no need to buy a new card, just recharge it.
The supervision and control of the operation, which includes subsystems of traffic
Traffic
Traffic on roads may consist of pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars and other conveyances, either singly or together, while using the public way for purposes of travel...
, energy
Energy
In physics, energy is an indirectly observed quantity. It is often understood as the ability a physical system has to do work on other physical systems...
, telecommunication
Telecommunication
Telecommunication is the transmission of information over significant distances to communicate. In earlier times, telecommunications involved the use of visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs, or audio messages via coded...
s are centralized by the Operational Control Center (OCC), considered the brains of the Metro-DF. The control is fully computer
Computer
A computer is a programmable machine designed to sequentially and automatically carry out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations. The particular sequence of operations can be changed readily, allowing the computer to solve more than one kind of problem...
ized. Qualified professionals are attached, full-time, all the activity of train
Train
A train is a connected series of vehicles for rail transport that move along a track to transport cargo or passengers from one place to another place. The track usually consists of two rails, but might also be a monorail or maglev guideway.Propulsion for the train is provided by a separate...
s. All this is done with the help of sensors installed along the tracks and a communication
Communication
Communication is the activity of conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast...
system
System
System is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole....
in optical fiber
Optical fiber
An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made of a pure glass not much wider than a human hair. It functions as a waveguide, or "light pipe", to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber. The field of applied science and engineering concerned with the design and application of...
. This structure allows reception and transmission of information between the OCC and the other units of the metro system, like trains, stations and substations. The center receives real-time information on speed
Speed
In kinematics, the speed of an object is the magnitude of its velocity ; it is thus a scalar quantity. The average speed of an object in an interval of time is the distance traveled by the object divided by the duration of the interval; the instantaneous speed is the limit of the average speed as...
routes, time spent at stations, passenger flow and energy supply routes.
The electricity
Electricity
Electricity is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. These include many easily recognizable phenomena, such as lightning, static electricity, and the flow of electrical current in an electrical wire...
used by the Metro-DF is supplied by Companhia Energética de Brasília (CEB), directly from Furnas
Furnas
Furnas is a civil parish in the municipality of Povoação on the island of São Miguel in the Azores. The population in 2001 was 1,541, its density is 44.76/km² and the area is 34.43 km². The parish is one of the largest in the island and in the Azores...
. Arrives at 13,800 V alternating current and is transformed into power rectifier substations
Electrical substation
A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions...
located along the lines of Metro-DF. These rectifier substations distribute 13,800 V for passenger stations, that turns to 380/220 V, to feed the equipment, and also makes kneeling/rectification to power the trains pull in 750 V. To move the trains, the electric current
Electric current
Electric current is a flow of electric charge through a medium.This charge is typically carried by moving electrons in a conductor such as wire...
is sent to the third rail
Third rail
A third rail is a method of providing electric power to a railway train, through a semi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a railway track. It is used typically in a mass transit or rapid transit system, which has alignments in its own corridors, fully or almost...
and is collected by shoes located on the sides of trains.
Any movement of trains on the lines and yards, signaling systems and auxiliary energy
Energy
In physics, energy is an indirectly observed quantity. It is often understood as the ability a physical system has to do work on other physical systems...
distribution function under the command of the Operational Control Center (OCC). There is direct communication. Between the OCC and the trains, the OCC and the seasons, the OCC and control tower of the courtyards, and between the control towers and courtyards of the trains. In exceptional situations of operation, the OCC, in touch with teams of technicians and agents in metro station
Metro station
A metro station or subway station is a railway station for a rapid transit system, often known by names such as "metro", "underground" and "subway". It is often underground or elevated. At crossings of metro lines, they are multi-level....
s and courts, and uses this structure
Structure
Structure is a fundamental, tangible or intangible notion referring to the recognition, observation, nature, and permanence of patterns and relationships of entities. This notion may itself be an object, such as a built structure, or an attribute, such as the structure of society...
to command the necessary steps to determine alternative routes for trains. All this is possible thanks to the Signaling and Traffic Control and Automatic Protection System for Trains, which allow the regularity of the interval between trips, speed control and maintenance of the distance
Distance
Distance is a numerical description of how far apart objects are. In physics or everyday discussion, distance may refer to a physical length, or an estimation based on other criteria . In mathematics, a distance function or metric is a generalization of the concept of physical distance...
between the trains. Electrical systems, communication and signaling work in a redundant way, ie if there are flaws in the main, the second is immediately fired. The whole system takes corrective and preventive maintenance daily.
History
The construction of the Brasilia Metro, which links Brasília to some sites of the Federal DistrictBrazilian Federal District
The Federal District is set apart for Brasília, the capital of Brazil. Located in a region called Planalto Central, or Central Plateau, the Federal District is divided in 29 administrative regions. Brasilia - place where the three branches of the Federal Government are located - is the main...
("Distrito Federal") began in 1992 and its first phases started working in 1999, but because of a backlog of work, the Metro was not opened on its originally scheduled date and time (21 April 1994 at 17:00). Work was finally finished in the beginning of 2001. The commercial service began in September that year. During the first months, the Metro operated only from 10:00 to 16:00 over 32 km (19.8 mi) of the network of 41 km (25.4 mi). Five more stations were opened in 2008: 108 South, Guariroba, Downtown Ceilândia, Ceilândia North and Ceilândia. 102 South and 112 South stations were opened in 2009. Guará station was opened in 2010.
Characteristics of the System
This system is composed of the Green and Orange lines. Both lines begin at the Central bus stationBus station
A bus station is a structure where city or intercity buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers. It is larger than a bus stop, which is usually simply a place on the roadside, where buses can stop...
in Brasília and run parallel up until the águas Claras station. The Orange Line goes to the south, to Terminal Samambaia; the Green Line follows to Ceilândia
Ceilândia
Ceilândia is one of the most important satellite towns near Brasília, Brazil. Currently, the city has a population of 350,000 inhabitants.Located 24 kilometers from the Pilot Plan of Brasília, and linked by a four-lane highway, Ceilândia occupies an area of 232 square kilometers and is in one of...
. The metro runs underground in Brasília and at Praça do Relógio, centre of Taguatinga. Other than that it runs on the surface. The Metro's commercial speed is 45 km/h (27.9 mi/h). The track gauge is 1600 mm and power is via third rail. Its stations are equipped with stairs and lifts.
| Line | Terminals | Opened | Length (km) | Stations | Length of trips (min) | Operation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green | Central ↔ Ceilândia | 31 March 2001 | 33 | 24 | 35 | 06:00 to 23:30 Mondays to Fridays; 07:00 to 19:00 on weekends |
| Orange | Central ↔ Samambaia | 31 March 2001 | 42 | 19 | 30 | 06:00 to 23:30 Mondays to Fridays; 07:00 to 19:00 on weekends |
New trains
The growth of Brasília Metro is not only at stations. The increase in daily volume of users indicated the need to expand the current fleet of 20 trainTrain
A train is a connected series of vehicles for rail transport that move along a track to transport cargo or passengers from one place to another place. The track usually consists of two rails, but might also be a monorail or maglev guideway.Propulsion for the train is provided by a separate...
s. To deal with the increasing demand, 12 new trains were purchased. with the first arriving in Brasília
Brasília
Brasília is the capital city of Brazil. The name is commonly spelled Brasilia in English. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country, along a plateau known as Planalto Central. It has a population of about 2,557,000 as of the 2008 IBGE estimate, making it the...
on June, 2010. All trains go through a period of engagement and dynamic tests, where all components of traction
Railway electric traction
Railway electric traction describes the various types of locomotive and multiple units that are used on electrification systems around the world.-History:...
, braking, signal
Railway signal
A signal is a mechanical or electrical device erected beside a railway line to pass information relating to the state of the line ahead to train/engine drivers. The driver interprets the signal's indication and acts accordingly...
ing and communication
Communication
Communication is the activity of conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast...
will be assessed. Therefore, it takes 30 days to the effective operation of these cars. The new fleet incorporates a number of advanced technologies including a modern drive system, which reduces the technical flaws of trains and reduce the waiting time at stations. Currently, Metro-DF carries about 160,000 passenger
Passenger
A passenger is a term broadly used to describe any person who travels in a vehicle, but bears little or no responsibility for the tasks required for that vehicle to arrive at its destination....
s per day.
With all new cars in operation, the capacity will be nearly doubled, reaching 300,000 users per day. As of March 2011, all 12 of the new trains have been delivered and are in service. Brasília Metro invested a total of R$ 325 million for the purchase of the new trains, modernizing the aging fleet, and purchasing spare parts. Of this, R$ 260 million was financed by BNDES
BNDES
The Brazilian Development Bank is a federal public company associated with the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade. Its goal is to provide long-term financing for endeavors that contribute to the country's development...
, with the remainder being paid by the federal government.
Light rail
In the year 2010 the first stage of the new transportTransport
Transport or transportation is the movement of people, cattle, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations...
system in Brasília was inaugurated. The Light Rail will depart from Terminal South Wing and will cut the road south and W3 will reach the height of 502 North. This is one of three sections provided for in an online project that integrates a set of measures developed by the Government of the Federal District to revitalize the W3. The complete path will link the Juscelino Kubitschek International Airport
Brasília International Airport
Brasília-Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek International Airport is the airport serving Brasília, Brazil. Since April 22, 1999 the airport is named after Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira , the 21st President of Brazil....
Terminal North Wing and should be ready in 2014, the year of the 2014 FIFA World Cup
2014 FIFA World Cup
The 2014 FIFA World Cup will be the 20th FIFA World Cup, an international association football tournament that will take place in Brazil from 12 June to 13 July 2014....
. Work on the first phase started the first half of 2010, under the Company's management of the Brasília Metro.
The line uses mild electrical energy, which contributes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and noise sound
Sound
Sound is a mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas, composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a level sufficiently strong to be heard, or the sensation stimulated in organs of hearing by such vibrations.-Propagation of...
s. In most of the line, the electricity
Electricity
Electricity is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. These include many easily recognizable phenomena, such as lightning, static electricity, and the flow of electrical current in an electrical wire...
will come from poles and wires along the track. In the area between 502 South and 502 North, the energy will be collected through the rails, as required by the Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage (Iphan). The route W3 Sul, one of the busiest of the city is 60,000 car
Čar
Čar is a village in the municipality of Bujanovac, Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the town has a population of 296 people.-References:...
s per day and 800 bus
Bus
A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. Buses can have a capacity as high as 300 passengers. The most common type of bus is the single-decker bus, with larger loads carried by double-decker buses and articulated buses, and smaller loads carried by midibuses and minibuses; coaches are...
es. About 150 bus routes run through the W3 South, Metro Light will carry between 15,000 and 18,000 passenger
Passenger
A passenger is a term broadly used to describe any person who travels in a vehicle, but bears little or no responsibility for the tasks required for that vehicle to arrive at its destination....
s per hour in both directions.
Taking the example of the Metro system, the Metropolitan Company of the Federal District expects at least 30% of motorists leave their cars at home and start using the new system, which is fast, punctual, clean, comfortable and secure. A new impetus in the local market will be a consequence of changes in the way of urban W3. The big news is a great place to be built between the Commercial Sector South and Pátio Brasil, and the Commercial Sector North and Brasília Shopping
Shopping
Shopping is the examining of goods or services from retailers with the intent to purchase at that time. Shopping is an activity of selection and/or purchase. In some contexts it is considered a leisure activity as well as an economic one....
, which will facilitate the meeting between people. The passage that will be delivered in 2011 are 8.7 km (5.4 mi), 11 station
Metro station
A metro station or subway station is a railway station for a rapid transit system, often known by names such as "metro", "underground" and "subway". It is often underground or elevated. At crossings of metro lines, they are multi-level....
s and is budgeted at R$ 780 million. Part of the funds R$ 400 million will be funded by the French Development Agency
French Development Agency
French Development Agency is the French international development agency.The Agence Française de Développement is a public institution providing development financing...
(AFD) and the remainder will be paid by the Government of the Federal District.