Booz Allen Hamilton
Encyclopedia
Booz Allen Hamilton Inc. , or more commonly Booz Allen, is an American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 public consulting firm headquartered in McLean
McLean, Virginia
McLean is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Fairfax County in Northern Virginia. The community had a total population of 48,115 as of the 2010 census....

, Fairfax County, Virginia
Fairfax County, Virginia
Fairfax County is a county in Virginia, in the United States. Per the 2010 Census, the population of the county is 1,081,726, making it the most populous jurisdiction in the Commonwealth of Virginia, with 13.5% of Virginia's population...

, with 80 other offices throughout the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. Ralph Shrader is its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Chief executive officer
A chief executive officer , managing director , Executive Director for non-profit organizations, or chief executive is the highest-ranking corporate officer or administrator in charge of total management of an organization...

. The firm was founded by Edwin Booz in Chicago
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...

 circa 1914. It is listed as number 438 in the 2011 Fortune 500
Fortune 500
The Fortune 500 is an annual list compiled and published by Fortune magazine that ranks the top 500 U.S. closely held and public corporations as ranked by their gross revenue after adjustments made by Fortune to exclude the impact of excise taxes companies collect. The list includes publicly and...

 and is listed as the 9th largest US Government contractor (the largest for consulting services) by Washington Technology
Washington technology
Washington Technology is a United States magazine for government contractors providing an in-depth look at government programs, technologies and spending priorities, as well as management issues, case studies M&A, and trends that impact the contractor community. It is published by 1105 Government...

 magazine in 2011.

Booz Allen is a defense and civil contractor for the US federal government. Booz Allen’s services include strategic planning, human capital and learning, communications, operational improvement, information technology
Information technology
Information technology is the acquisition, processing, storage and dissemination of vocal, pictorial, textual and numerical information by a microelectronics-based combination of computing and telecommunications...

 work, systems engineering
Systems engineering
Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering that focuses on how complex engineering projects should be designed and managed over the life cycle of the project. Issues such as logistics, the coordination of different teams, and automatic control of machinery become more...

, organizational change efforts, modeling and simulation
Computer simulation
A computer simulation, a computer model, or a computational model is a computer program, or network of computers, that attempts to simulate an abstract model of a particular system...

, program management
Program management
Program management or programme management is the process of managing several related projects, often with the intention of improving an organization's performance...

, assurance and resilience, and economic business analysis.

As of August 2008, what was formerly Booz Allen Hamilton’s parent company (which used the Booz Allen name itself) divided in two. The Booz Allen Hamilton moniker was retained by the half focusing on U.S. governmental matters, with Booz & Company
Booz & Company
Booz & Company is a global management consulting firm established in the United States in 1914. It is recognized as one of the most prestigious management consulting firms in the world and one of the best consulting firms to work for by Consulting Magazine...

 taking sole control of its commercial strategy and international portfolio. Booz Allen Hamilton is majority owned by private equity firm The Carlyle Group, while Booz & Company is owned and operated as a partnership. On November 17, 2010 Booz Allen's shares of common stock began trading at the New York Stock Exchange
New York Stock Exchange
The New York Stock Exchange is a stock exchange located at 11 Wall Street in Lower Manhattan, New York City, USA. It is by far the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies at 13.39 trillion as of Dec 2010...

 under the ticker symbol BAH.

History

"Booz Allen Hamilton traces its roots to Edwin G. Booz
Edwin G. Booz
Edwin G. Booz founded the consulting firm Booz Allen & Hamilton, the predecessor of both Booz Allen Hamilton - which focuses on government contracting - and Booz & Company, a commercial management-consulting firm....

. A student at Chicago's Northwestern University
Northwestern University
Northwestern University is a private research university in Evanston and Chicago, Illinois, USA. Northwestern has eleven undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools offering 124 undergraduate degrees and 145 graduate and professional degrees....

 in the early 1900s, Booz received a bachelor's degree in economics and a master's degree in psychology, upon completion of his thesis 'Mental Tests for Vocational Fitness.' In 1914, Booz established a small consulting firm in Chicago, and, two years later, he and two partners formed the Business Research and Development Company, which conducted studies and performed investigational work for commercial and trade organizations. This service, which Booz labeled as the first of its kind in the Midwest, soon attracted such clients as Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company, Chicago's Union Stockyards and Transit Company, and the Canadian & Pacific Railroad."

Formation

After graduating from Northwestern University
Northwestern University
Northwestern University is a private research university in Evanston and Chicago, Illinois, USA. Northwestern has eleven undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools offering 124 undergraduate degrees and 145 graduate and professional degrees....

 in Chicago in 1914, Edwin G. Booz developed the business theory that companies would be more successful if they could call on someone outside their own organizations for expert, impartial advice. This theory developed into a new profession — management consulting
Management consulting
Management consulting indicates both the industry and practice of helping organizations improve their performance primarily through the analysis of existing organizational problems and development of plans for improvement....

 — and the firm that would bear his name.

Early years

"In 1940, the firm was hired to help the United States Secretary of the Navy
United States Secretary of the Navy
The Secretary of the Navy of the United States of America is the head of the Department of the Navy, a component organization of the Department of Defense...

 with World War II preparations, a project that marked the start of a longstanding relationship with the United States Federal Government
Federal government of the United States
The federal government of the United States is the national government of the constitutional republic of fifty states that is the United States of America. The federal government comprises three distinct branches of government: a legislative, an executive and a judiciary. These branches and...

. Since then, Booz Allen has had a hand in several notable private and public engagements throughout its years, such as advising on the breakup of Ma Bell
Bell System
The Bell System was the American Bell Telephone Company and then, subsequently, AT&T led system which provided telephone services to much of the United States and Canada from 1877 to 1984, at various times as a monopoly. In 1984, the company was broken up into separate companies, by a U.S...

 and helping organize the National Football League
National Football League
The National Football League is the highest level of professional American football in the United States, and is considered the top professional American football league in the world. It was formed by eleven teams in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association, with the league changing...

 in the 1960s."

In 1959, Time
Time (magazine)
Time is an American news magazine. A European edition is published from London. Time Europe covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong...

magazine named it the most prestigious management consulting firm in the world, with longstanding relationships with federal intelligence agencies, with current and former employees including former Director of Central Intelligence, R. James Woolsey, former CIA employee Miles Copeland, Jr.
Miles Copeland, Jr.
Miles Axe Copeland, Jr. was an American musician, businessman, and CIA officer who was closely involved in major foreign-policy operations from the 1950s to the 1980s...

, former NRO
National Reconnaissance Office
The National Reconnaissance Office , located in Chantilly, Virginia, is one of the 16 U.S. intelligence agencies. It designs, builds, and operates the spy satellites of the United States government.-Mission:...

 Director Keith R. Hall
Keith R. Hall
Keith R. Hall was the twelfth director of the National Reconnaissance Office.Mr. Hall was appointed DDNRO and acting DNRO concurrently in 1996, and promptly introduced financial management reforms culminating in a single NRO accounting system...

, former NSA Director Mike McConnell, who was the second Director of National Intelligence, and former DIA
Defense Intelligence Agency
The Defense Intelligence Agency is a member of the Intelligence Community of the United States, and is the central producer and manager of military intelligence for the United States Department of Defense, employing over 16,500 U.S. military and civilian employees worldwide...

, NGA
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency is an agency of the federal government of the United States with the primary mission of collecting, analyzing and distributing geospatial intelligence in support of national security. NGA was formerly known as the National Imagery and Mapping Agency ...

 and the current for the Director of National Intelligence, James R. Clapper
James R. Clapper
James R. Clapper, Jr. is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force and is currently the Director of National Intelligence. He was previously dual-hatted as the first Director of Defense Intelligence within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence alongside the position...

.

Organization

In 1970, Booz Allen first went public with an initial offering of 500,000 shares at $24 per share. However, in 1976 public trading ceased in the largest-ever leveraged buyout involving a consulting firm where Booz Allen's partners bought back the stock, through one of the first management buyout
Management buyout
A management buyout is a form of acquisition where a company's existing managers acquire a large part or all of the company.- Overview :Management buyouts are similar in all major legal aspects to any other acquisition of a company...

s (MBO), and returned the firm to private ownership with a new governance structure. In 2007 managing director Marc Gerencser said that being privately held allowed the firm to consider long-range investments that companies beholden to shareholders might not be able to make.

On June 21, 2010 Booz Allen Hamilton filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to raise up to $300 million in an initial public offering. Booz Allen went public on November 17, 2010.

Internal Revenue Service

Booz Allen was chosen in 1998 to help the Internal Revenue Service
Internal Revenue Service
The Internal Revenue Service is the revenue service of the United States federal government. The agency is a bureau of the Department of the Treasury, and is under the immediate direction of the Commissioner of Internal Revenue...

 (IRS) modernize, and shed its dismal customer-service reputation. Booz Allen's team, led by commercial strategy and government consultants, developed a strategy for the IRS to reshuffle its 100,000 employees into units focused on particular taxpayer categories: individuals, charities, businesses and so on. "We made some very dramatic changes in the way the IRS is organized", says Booz Allen Chief Executive Officer Dr. Ralph Shrader, an electrical engineering
Electrical engineering
Electrical engineering is a field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth century after commercialization of the electric telegraph and electrical...

 Ph.D.
Ph.D.
A Ph.D. is a Doctor of Philosophy, an academic degree.Ph.D. may also refer to:* Ph.D. , a 1980s British group*Piled Higher and Deeper, a web comic strip*PhD: Phantasy Degree, a Korean comic series* PhD Docbook renderer, an XML renderer...

 and 28-year company veteran. Despite these confident words, reports from the Government Accountability Office
Government Accountability Office
The Government Accountability Office is the audit, evaluation, and investigative arm of the United States Congress. It is located in the legislative branch of the United States government.-History:...

 (GAO) have pointed to mixed performance results at IRS, and notably, poor management of its IT portfolio and its contractors.

New South Wales, Australia

In 1988, the newly elected Greiner State Government
Nick Greiner
Nicholas "Nick" Frank Hugo Greiner AC, is an Australian businessman and former politician. He was the 37th Premier New South Wales from 1988 to 1992. He was Leader of the New South Wales Division of the Liberal Party from 1983 to 1992 and Leader of the Opposition from 1983 to 1988. He is married...

 commissioned a report into the State Rail Authority (SRA) of New South Wales by American consultants Booz Allen Hamilton. The report, delivered in 1989, recommended widespread job losses, up to 8000, including the withdrawal of staff from 94 country railway stations, withdrawing services on the Nyngan- Bourke line
Main Western railway line, New South Wales
The Main Western Railway is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs through the Blue Mountains, Central West, North West Slopes and the Far West regions.- Description of route :...

, Queanbeyan - Cooma line and Glen Innes- Wallangarra line
Main North railway line, New South Wales
The Main North Line is a major railway in New South Wales, Australia. It runs through the Central Coast, Hunter and the New England regions. The line was the original main line between Sydney and Brisbane, however this required a change of gauge at Wallangarra...

, the discontinuation of several country passenger services (the Canberra XPT, the Silver City Comet to Broken Hill and various diesel locomotive hauled services) and the removal of sleeper trains from services to Brisbane
Brisbane
Brisbane is the capital and most populous city in the Australian state of Queensland and the third most populous city in Australia. Brisbane's metropolitan area has a population of over 2 million, and the South East Queensland urban conurbation, centred around Brisbane, encompasses a population of...

 and Melbourne. The report also recommended the removal of all country passenger services and small freight operations, but the government did not consider this to be politically feasible. The SRA was divided into business units- CityRail
CityRail
CityRail is an operating brand of RailCorp, a corporation owned by the state government of New South Wales, Australia. It is responsible for providing commuter rail services, and some coach services, in and around Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong, the three largest cities of New South Wales. It is...

, responsible for urban railways; CountryLink
CountryLink
CountryLink is the operator of passenger rail services in country New South Wales, Australia and into Queensland and Victoria. It is an operating brand of the Rail Corporation New South Wales, a government-owned entity...

, responsible for country passenger services; FreightRail, responsible for freight services; and Rail Estate, responsible for rail property. Upon the formation of the business units in 1988, CityRail adopted a black and yellow 'L7' logo (later to become blue and yellow), and Countylink adopted its present blue and green 'Mountains' logo and livery.

Business

  • Jonathan Black - Director, Corporate Affairs, University of Oxford
    University of Oxford
    The University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...

  • Rohit Bhagat - Global Chief Operating Officer
    Chief operating officer
    A Chief Operating Officer or Director of Operations can be one of the highest-ranking executives in an organization and comprises part of the "C-Suite"...

    , Barclays Global Investors
  • Sir (Francis) Christopher Buchan Bland
    Christopher Bland
    Sir Christopher Buchan Bland is a British businessman and politician. He was Chairman of the Board of Governors of the BBC from 1996 to 2001, when he took up a position as Chairman of British Telecommunications plc...

     - Chairman of the Royal Shakespeare Company, and former Chairman of British Telecommunications PLC
    BT Group
    BT Group plc is a global telecommunications services company headquartered in London, United Kingdom. It is one of the largest telecommunications services companies in the world and has operations in more than 170 countries. Through its BT Global Services division it is a major supplier of...

  • Chipper Boulas - Venture advisor in Paris, France and former Vice President of Corporate Strategy, eBay
    EBay
    eBay Inc. is an American internet consumer-to-consumer corporation that manages eBay.com, an online auction and shopping website in which people and businesses buy and sell a broad variety of goods and services worldwide...

  • Jonathan S. Bush - President
    President
    A president is a leader of an organization, company, trade union, university, or country.Etymologically, a president is one who presides, who sits in leadership...

    , CEO, and Co-founder of AthenaHealth
  • Art Collins - Chairman and CEO, Medtronic
    Medtronic
    Medtronic, Inc. , based in suburban Minneapolis, Minnesota, is the world's largest medical technology company and is a Fortune 500 company.- History :...

    , Inc.
  • Tim Collins
    Tim Collins (financier)
    Timothy C. Collins, born 1956, is the founder, senior managing director, and chief executive officer of Ripplewood Holdings LLC. He also sits on the Board of Directors of Citigroup....

     - Founder
    Entrepreneur
    An entrepreneur is an owner or manager of a business enterprise who makes money through risk and initiative.The term was originally a loanword from French and was first defined by the Irish-French economist Richard Cantillon. Entrepreneur in English is a term applied to a person who is willing to...

     and Chief Executive of Ripplewood Holdings
    Ripplewood Holdings
    Ripplewood is an American private equity firm based in New York, New York that focuses on leveraged buyouts, late stage venture, growth capital, management buyouts, leveraged recapitalizations and other illiquid investments....

  • Edward C. Davies (Ted) - Managing Partner, Unisys
    Unisys
    Unisys Corporation , headquartered in Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, United States, and incorporated in Delaware, is a long established business whose core products now involves computing and networking.-History:...

     Federal Systems
  • Karen Fawcett - Director, Standard Chartered Bank
    Standard Chartered Bank
    Standard Chartered PLC is a multinational financial services company headquartered in London, United Kingdom with operations in more than seventy countries...

     Malaysia
  • Richard Gay - Senior Vice President of Strategy and Business Operations
    Business development
    A subset of the field of commerce, business development comprises a number of techniques and responsibilities which aim at:1. Researching new types of business/products/services with an emphasis on identifying gaps in the mitigation of needs of potential clients .2. Attracting new customers3...

     for VH1
    VH1
    VH1 or Vh1 is an American cable television network based in New York City. Launched on January 1, 1985 in the old space of Turner Broadcasting's short-lived Cable Music Channel, the original purpose of the channel was to build on the success of MTV by playing music videos, but targeting a slightly...

     and CMT
    CMT
    - Medicine :* California mastitis test* Certified Massage Therapist* Cervical motion tenderness, a sign of pelvic inflammatory disease* Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease* Chemically modified tetracyclines* Circus Movement Tachycardia...

    , MTV Networks
    MTV Networks
    MTV Networks is a division of media conglomerate Viacom that oversees the operations of many television channels and Internet brands, including the original MTV channel in the United States...

  • Rhonda Germany - Vice President
    Vice president
    A vice president is an officer in government or business who is below a president in rank. The name comes from the Latin vice meaning 'in place of'. In some countries, the vice president is called the deputy president...

     of Strategy and Business Development, Honeywell
    Honeywell
    Honeywell International, Inc. is a major conglomerate company that produces a variety of consumer products, engineering services, and aerospace systems for a wide variety of customers, from private consumers to major corporations and governments....

  • Patrick Gorman - Senior Vice President and Chief Information Security Officer (SVP/CISO), Bank of America
    Bank of America
    Bank of America Corporation, an American multinational banking and financial services corporation, is the second largest bank holding company in the United States by assets, and the fourth largest bank in the U.S. by market capitalization. The bank is headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina...

  • Gerry Horkan - Vice President of Corporate Strategy, Yahoo! Inc.
    Yahoo!
    Yahoo! Inc. is an American multinational internet corporation headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, United States. The company is perhaps best known for its web portal, search engine , Yahoo! Directory, Yahoo! Mail, Yahoo! News, Yahoo! Groups, Yahoo! Answers, advertising, online mapping ,...

  • Paul Idzik - Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
    Chief operating officer
    A Chief Operating Officer or Director of Operations can be one of the highest-ranking executives in an organization and comprises part of the "C-Suite"...

    , Barclays PLC
  • Abigail Johnson - President of Fidelity Investments
    Fidelity Investments
    FMR LLC or Fidelity Investments is an American multinational financial services corporation one of the largest mutual fund and financial services groups in the world. It was founded in 1946 and serves North American investors. Fidelity Ventures is its venture capital arm...

     the 1.5 trillion dollar supermutualfund controlled by her family wealth which holds controlling interests in ABC and NBC networks through their corporate parents among other things. She was a consultant with Booz Allen Hamilton in 1985-1986
  • Raymond J. "Ray" Lane - General Partner
    General partner
    General partner is a legal term used to describe a person who joins with at least one other person to form a business. A general partner has responsibility for the actions of the business, can legally bind the business and is personally liable for all the business's debts and obligations.General...

     at Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers; Chairman of the Board of Trustees at Carnegie Mellon University
    Carnegie Mellon University
    Carnegie Mellon University is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States....

    , former President and Chief Operating Officer
    Chief operating officer
    A Chief Operating Officer or Director of Operations can be one of the highest-ranking executives in an organization and comprises part of the "C-Suite"...

     of Oracle Corporation
    Oracle Corporation
    Oracle Corporation is an American multinational computer technology corporation that specializes in developing and marketing hardware systems and enterprise software products – particularly database management systems...

    , and inducted to West Virginia
    West Virginia
    West Virginia is a state in the Appalachian and Southeastern regions of the United States, bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the northeast and Maryland to the east...

     Business
    Business
    A business is an organization engaged in the trade of goods, services, or both to consumers. Businesses are predominant in capitalist economies, where most of them are privately owned and administered to earn profit to increase the wealth of their owners. Businesses may also be not-for-profit...

     Hall of Fame
    Hall of Fame
    A hall of fame, wall of fame, walk of fame, walk of stars or avenue of stars is a type of attraction established for any field of endeavor to honor individuals of noteworthy achievement in that field...

    ; chairman of Hewlett-Packard
    Hewlett-Packard
    Hewlett-Packard Company or HP is an American multinational information technology corporation headquartered in Palo Alto, California, USA that provides products, technologies, softwares, solutions and services to consumers, small- and medium-sized businesses and large enterprises, including...

  • Edward J. O'Hare - Chief Information Officer
    Chief information officer
    Chief information officer , or information technology director, is a job title commonly given to the most senior executive in an enterprise responsible for the information technology and computer systems that support enterprise goals...

     for the U.S. General Services Administration's
    General Services Administration
    The General Services Administration is an independent agency of the United States government, established in 1949 to help manage and support the basic functioning of federal agencies. The GSA supplies products and communications for U.S...

    's Federal Acquisition Service; former Assistant Commissioner
    Commissioner
    Commissioner is in principle the title given to a member of a commission or to an individual who has been given a commission ....

    , General Services Administration, and former vice president
    Vice president
    A vice president is an officer in government or business who is below a president in rank. The name comes from the Latin vice meaning 'in place of'. In some countries, the vice president is called the deputy president...

     at Dynanet
  • Torsten Oltmanns
    Torsten Oltmanns
    Torsten Oltmanns is a German author of several books in the topics of marketing and change management. He currently is the Global Marketing Director and a partner at the management consulting firm Roland Berger Strategy Consultants....

     - former member of the Executive Committee of Booz Allen Hamilton, currently Global Marketing Director at Roland Berger Strategy Consultants
    Roland Berger Strategy Consultants
    Roland Berger Strategy Consultants is a global strategy consulting firm headquartered in Munich, with 43 offices in 31 countries. Roland Berger Strategy Consultants was founded in 1967 by Prof. Roland Berger...

     and Assistant Prof. at University of Innsbruck
  • Todd Y. Park - Co-founder and Chief Development Officer of Athena Health
  • Mark DeSantis, PhD - Chief Executive Officer of ANGLE Technology Consulting and Management and former CEO and President of Formation3 LLC
    Limited liability company
    A limited liability company is a flexible form of enterprise that blends elements of partnership and corporate structures. It is a legal form of company that provides limited liability to its owners in the vast majority of United States jurisdictions...

  • Stan Scoggins - Vice President of Worldwide Digital Assets, Universal Studios
    Universal Studios
    Universal Pictures , a subsidiary of NBCUniversal, is one of the six major movie studios....

  • Deven Sharma
    Deven Sharma
    Deven Sharma was an executive, and the president of Standard & Poor's, a Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, providing independent credit ratings, indices, risk evaluation, and investment research. Mr. Sharma joined Standard & Poor's in 2006 as executive vice president, Investment Service and...

     - President, Standard & Poor's
    Standard & Poor's
    Standard & Poor's is a United States-based financial services company. It is a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies that publishes financial research and analysis on stocks and bonds. It is well known for its stock-market indices, the US-based S&P 500, the Australian S&P/ASX 200, the Canadian...

     and executive vice president for global strategy
    Global Strategy
    Global strategy as defined in business terms is an organization's strategic guide to globalization. A sound global strategy should address these questions: what must be the extent of market presence in the world's major markets? How to build the necessary global presence? What must be AND the...

     at The McGraw-Hill Companies
    McGraw-Hill
    The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., is a publicly traded corporation headquartered in Rockefeller Center in New York City. Its primary areas of business are financial, education, publishing, broadcasting, and business services...

  • Michael Wolf - Former president and COO
    Chief operating officer
    A Chief Operating Officer or Director of Operations can be one of the highest-ranking executives in an organization and comprises part of the "C-Suite"...

     of MTV Networks
    MTV Networks
    MTV Networks is a division of media conglomerate Viacom that oversees the operations of many television channels and Internet brands, including the original MTV channel in the United States...


Government

  • Wendy Alexander
    Wendy Alexander
    Wendy Alexander is a Scottish politician and the former Member of the Scottish Parliament for Paisley North. She held various Scottish Government cabinet posts and was the leader of the Labour Party group in the Scottish Parliament from 2007-2008...

     - Labour Party Leader
    Scottish Labour Party
    The Scottish Labour Party is the section of the British Labour Party which operates in Scotland....

     and Member of the Scottish Parliament
    Member of the Scottish Parliament
    Member of the Scottish Parliament is the title given to any one of the 129 individuals elected to serve in the Scottish Parliament.-Methods of Election:MSPs are elected in one of two ways:...

     (MSP).
  • Miles Axe Copeland, Jr. - a prominent U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) operative who was one of the founding members of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) under William Donovan
    William Donovan
    William Donovan or Bill Donovan may refer to:*Bill Donovan , pitcher and manager in Major League Baseball*William Joseph Donovan , American soldier, lawyer and intelligence officer, best remembered as wartime head of the Office of Strategic Services *Billy Donovan , head coach of the Florida Gators...

    .
  • Karol Joseph "Bo" Bobko
    Karol J. Bobko
    Karol Joseph "Bo" Bobko is an engineer, retired United States Air Force officer and a former USAF and NASA astronaut.-Personal:Bobko was born in New York City, New York to a Lithuanian-American family...

     - Retired United States Air Force
    United States Air Force
    The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on September 18, 1947 under the National Security Act of...

     officer
    Officer (armed forces)
    An officer is a member of an armed force or uniformed service who holds a position of authority. Commissioned officers derive authority directly from a sovereign power and, as such, hold a commission charging them with the duties and responsibilities of a specific office or position...

     and a former USAF and NASA
    NASA
    The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research...

     astronaut
    Astronaut
    An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft....

    .
  • James R. Clapper
    James R. Clapper
    James R. Clapper, Jr. is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force and is currently the Director of National Intelligence. He was previously dual-hatted as the first Director of Defense Intelligence within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence alongside the position...

     - Director of National Intelligence, formally Undersecretary of Defense for Intelligence, Director of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
    National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
    The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency is an agency of the federal government of the United States with the primary mission of collecting, analyzing and distributing geospatial intelligence in support of national security. NGA was formerly known as the National Imagery and Mapping Agency ...

    , Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency
    Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency
    The Director of the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency is a three-star military officer and is the highest ranking intelligence officer in the Department of Defense. He is the primary military intelligence advisor to the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and also...

    , and Lieutenant General
    Lieutenant General
    Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....

     in the US Air Force
  • Keith R. Hall
    Keith R. Hall
    Keith R. Hall was the twelfth director of the National Reconnaissance Office.Mr. Hall was appointed DDNRO and acting DNRO concurrently in 1996, and promptly introduced financial management reforms culminating in a single NRO accounting system...

     - Director, National Reconnaissance Office
    National Reconnaissance Office
    The National Reconnaissance Office , located in Chantilly, Virginia, is one of the 16 U.S. intelligence agencies. It designs, builds, and operates the spy satellites of the United States government.-Mission:...

     (1997–2001); formerly Executive Director for Intelligence Community Affairs
  • Steve Isakowitz
    Steve Isakowitz
    Steve Isakowitz is currently the Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer at Virgin Galactic.In 2007, he was appointed as the United States Department of Energy Chief Financial Officer. He is also a former Deputy Associate Administrator of NASA, from 2002 to 2005...

     - Department of Energy
    United States Department of Energy
    The United States Department of Energy is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material...

     Chief Financial Officer
    Chief financial officer
    The chief financial officer or Chief financial and operating officer is a corporate officer primarily responsible for managing the financial risks of the corporation. This officer is also responsible for financial planning and record-keeping, as well as financial reporting to higher management...

    . Former Deputy Associate Administrator, NASA, 2002-2005
  • William Benjamin "Bill" Lenoir (Ph.D.)
    William B. Lenoir
    William Benjamin "Bill" Lenoir was an American engineer and a former NASA astronaut.Lenoir was born on March 14, 1939, in Miami, Florida. He was divorced and remarried, and was survived by three grown children. His recreational interests included sailing, wood-working and outdoor activities...

     - Former NASA astronaut
    Astronaut
    An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft....

    .
  • George E. Little - Media Relations, Central Intelligence Agency
    Central Intelligence Agency
    The Central Intelligence Agency is a civilian intelligence agency of the United States government. It is an executive agency and reports directly to the Director of National Intelligence, responsible for providing national security intelligence assessment to senior United States policymakers...

     (2007-)
  • John M. McConnell
    John M. McConnell
    John Michael "Mike" McConnell is a former vice admiral in the United States Navy. During his naval career he served as Director of the National Security Agency from 1992 to 1996...

     - Director of National Intelligence (2007–2009); formerly Director of the National Security Agency
    Director of the National Security Agency
    The Director of the National Security Agency is the highest-ranking official in the National Security Agency, which is a Defense Agency within the U.S. Department of Defense. The Director of the NSA also concurrently serves as Chief of the Central Security Service and as Commander of U.S. Cyber...

     (1992–96); retired in 1996 as Vice Admiral
    Vice admiral (United States)
    In the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps, and the United States Maritime Service, vice admiral is a three-star flag officer, with the pay grade of...

    , United States Navy
    United States Navy
    The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is the largest in the world; its battle fleet tonnage is greater than that of the next 13 largest navies combined. The U.S...

  • Zoran Jolevski
    Zoran Jolevski
    H.E. Ph.D. Zoran Jolevski is a Macedonian diplomat and the ambassador of the Republic of Macedonia to the United States of America. In November 2008, he was appointed chief negotiator to the Macedonia naming dispute, and beginning 2011 he was appointed Ambassador to the United Mexican States and...

     - Ambassador of the Republic of Macedonia
    Republic of Macedonia
    Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...

     in the US.
  • Thomas S. Moorman Jr. - Commander, Air Force Space Command
    Air Force Space Command
    Air Force Space Command is a major command of the United States Department of the Air Force, with its headquarters at Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado. AFSPC supports U.S. military operations worldwide through the use of many different types of satellite, launch and cyber operations....

     (1990–92); Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force (1994–1997)
  • Michael C. Mullen - Assistant Commissioner, U.S. Customs and Border Protection
  • Patrick Gorman - Chief Information Officer (CIO), and Assistant Deputy Director National Intelligence (ADDNI), Strategy, Plans, and Policy, ODNI http://www.fcw.com/online/news/154053-1.html
  • Andrew Turnbull
    Andrew Turnbull, Baron Turnbull
    Andrew Turnbull, Baron Turnbull, KCB, CVO was the head of Her Majesty's Civil Service and Cabinet Secretary between 2002 and 2005 when he was succeeded by Sir Gus O'Donnell....

     - Member, House of Lords
    House of Lords
    The House of Lords is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the House of Commons, it meets in the Palace of Westminster....

     (upper Parliament), United Kingdom (2005-); Head of British Civil Service
    British Civil Service
    Her Majesty's Home Civil Service, also known as the Home Civil Service, is the permanent bureaucracy of Crown employees that supports Her Majesty's Government - the government of the United Kingdom, composed of a Cabinet of ministers chosen by the prime minister, as well as the devolved...

     (2002–2005)
  • Melissa Hathaway - Director, National Cyber Security Initiative
  • General Frederick Frank Woerner, Jr.
    Frederick F. Woerner, Jr.
    General Frederick Frank Woerner, Jr. is a retired United States Army general and former commander of United States Southern Command.-Military career:...

     - Retired United States Army
    United States Army
    The United States Army is the main branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven U.S. uniformed services...

     general
    General
    A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....

     and former commander of United States Southern Command
    United States Southern Command
    The United States Southern Command , located in Miami, Florida, is one of nine Unified Combatant Commands in the United States Department of Defense. It is responsible for providing contingency planning and operations in Central and South America, the Caribbean The United States Southern Command...

    .
  • R. James Woolsey, Jr.
    R. James Woolsey, Jr.
    Robert James Woolsey Jr. is a foreign policy specialist and former Director of Central Intelligence and head of the Central Intelligence Agency .-Early life:...

     - Director of Central Intelligence
    Director of Central Intelligence
    The Office of United States Director of Central Intelligence was the head of the United States Central Intelligence Agency, the principal intelligence advisor to the President and the National Security Council, and the coordinator of intelligence activities among and between the various United...

     (1993–95)
  • Dov Zakheim
    Dov Zakheim
    Dov S. Zakheim is a former official of the United States government.Born December 18, 1948 in Brooklyn, New York, Zakheim earned his bachelor's degree in government from Columbia University in 1970, and his doctorate in economics and politics at St. Antony's College, Oxford University...

     - Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)
    Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)
    The Under Secretary of Defense is the Chief Financial Officer of the United States Department of Defense. The responsibilities of the Department of Defense's Chief Financial Officer include developing and implementing Department of Defense-wide financial policy, financial management systems, and...

     (2001–04)

Other

  • Joseph Garber - Author
  • Olivia Goldsmith
    Olivia Goldsmith
    Olivia Goldsmith was an American author, best known for her first novel The First Wives Club , which was adapted into the movie The First Wives Club .-Biography:...

     - Author
  • David H. Holtzman
    David H. Holtzman
    David H. Holtzman is a former security analyst and military code-breaker, a futurist, activist, security expert, technologist, technology executive, and writer...

     - Author
  • Patricia A. Morrissey - Commissioner, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
    United States Department of Health and Human Services
    The United States Department of Health and Human Services is a Cabinet department of the United States government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services. Its motto is "Improving the health, safety, and well-being of America"...

     (presidential appointee)
  • Bruce Pasternack
    Bruce Pasternack
    Bruce Pasternack was the President and CEO of the Special Olympics International from 2005-2007. He currently serves on the board of directors of Codexis , a biotechnology company based out of Redwood City California and Accelrys, Inc...

     - Former President and CEO of Special Olympics
    Special Olympics
    Special Olympics is the world's largest sports organization for children and adults with intellectual disabilities, providing year-round training and competitions to more than 3.1 million athletes in 175 countries....

     International, former Director of Energy Policy for the Federal Energy Administration, Former board member BEA Systems
    BEA Systems
    BEA Systems, Inc. specialized in enterprise infrastructure software products known as "middleware", which connect software applications to databases and was acquired by Oracle Corporation on April 29, 2008.- History :...

     (NASDAQ: BEAS), currently on the board of trustees of Cooper Union
    Cooper Union
    The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, commonly referred to simply as Cooper Union, is a privately funded college in the East Village neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, United States, located at Cooper Square and Astor Place...

     and serves as a board member for Codexis, Quantum Corporation (NYSE: QTM) and Symyx Technologies
    Symyx Technologies
    Symyx Technologies is a pioneer in the area of combinatorial chemistry applied to heterogeneous catalysis and homogeneous catalysis, polymer formulations, electronic and magnetic materials....

     as well. Also, was the author of Results and The Centerless Corporation, books on strategy and business.
  • Michael Schearer
    Michael Schearer
    Michael Schearer is an American computer security researcher and writer who is known for his research and presentations on the technology of improvised explosive devices, wireless security, cryptography, and privacy. He is a contributing author to multiple books on computer security, and was...

     - Author and computer security researcher
  • Michael D. Smith
    Michael D. Smith (economist)
    Michael D. Smith is the Heinz Career Development Associate Professor of Information Technology and Marketing at the H. John Heinz III College at Carnegie Mellon University with joint-appointment at the Tepper School of BusinessSmith received his Ph.D...

     - Professor at Carnegie Mellon University
    Carnegie Mellon University
    Carnegie Mellon University is a private research university in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States....


SWIFT

In 2006 at the request of the Article 29 Working Group, an advisory group to the European Commission
European Commission
The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union....

 (EC), the American Civil Liberties Union
American Civil Liberties Union
The American Civil Liberties Union is a U.S. non-profit organization whose stated mission is "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States." It works through litigation, legislation, and...

 (ACLU) and Privacy International
Privacy International
Privacy International is a UK-based non-profit organisation formed in 1990, "as a watchdog on surveillance and privacy invasions by governments and corporations." PI has organised campaigns and initiatives in more than fifty countries and is based in London, UK.-Formation, background and...

 (PI) investigated the U.S. government's SWIFT
Swift
The swifts are a family, Apodidae, of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows, but are actually not closely related to passerine species at all; swifts are in the separate order Apodiformes, which they share with hummingbirds...

 surveillance program and Booz Allen's role therein. The ACLU and PI filed a memo at the end of their investigation which called into question the ethics and legality of a government contractor (in this case Booz Allen) acting as auditors of a government program, when that contractor is heavily involved with those same agencies on other contracts. The basic statement was that a conflict of interest may exist. Beyond that, the implication was also made that Booz Allen may be complicit in a program (electronic surveillance of SWIFT) that may be deemed illegal by the EC.

Democracy Now!

Another controversy [related to some of the senior staff of Booz Allen (past and present) and related to its performance on some specific U.S. intelligence agency contracts] was brought to light on January 12, 2007 in an interview conducted by Democracy Now!
Democracy Now!
Democracy Now! and its staff have received several journalism awards, including the Gracie Award from American Women in Radio & Television; the George Polk Award for its 1998 radio documentary Drilling and Killing: Chevron and Nigeria's Oil Dictatorship, on the Chevron Corporation and the deaths of...

with Tim Shorrock, an independent investigative journalist, and separately in an article he wrote for the Salon
Salon.com
Salon.com, part of Salon Media Group , often just called Salon, is an online liberal magazine, with content updated each weekday. Salon was founded by David Talbot and launched on November 20, 1995. It was the internet's first online-only commercial publication. The magazine focuses on U.S...

 online magazine. Through investigation of Booz Allen employees, Shorrock asserts that there is a sort of revolving-door conflict of interest
Revolving door (politics)
The revolving door is the movement of personnel between roles as legislators and regulators and the industries affected by the legislation and regulation and on within lobbying companies. In some cases the roles are performed in sequence but in certain circumstances may be performed at the same time...

 between Booz Allen and the U.S. government, and between multiple other contractors and the U.S. government in general. Regarding Booz Allen, Shorrock referred to such people as John M. McConnell
John M. McConnell
John Michael "Mike" McConnell is a former vice admiral in the United States Navy. During his naval career he served as Director of the National Security Agency from 1992 to 1996...

, R. James Woolsey, Jr.
R. James Woolsey, Jr.
Robert James Woolsey Jr. is a foreign policy specialist and former Director of Central Intelligence and head of the Central Intelligence Agency .-Early life:...

, and James R. Clapper
James R. Clapper
James R. Clapper, Jr. is a retired lieutenant general in the United States Air Force and is currently the Director of National Intelligence. He was previously dual-hatted as the first Director of Defense Intelligence within the Office of the Director of National Intelligence alongside the position...

, all of whom have gone back and forth between government and industry (Booz Allen in particular), and who may present the appearance that certain government contractors receive undue or unlawful business from the government, and that certain government contractors may exert undue or unlawful influence on government. Shorrock further relates that Booz Allen was a sub-contractor with two programs at the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA), called Trailblazer and Pioneer Groundbreaker.

Homeland Security

A June 28, 2007 Washington Post article related how a U.S. Department of Homeland Security contract with Booz Allen increased from $2 million to more than $70 million through two no-bid contracts, one occurring after the DHS's legal office had advised DHS not to continue the contract until after a review. A Government Accountability Office
Government Accountability Office
The Government Accountability Office is the audit, evaluation, and investigative arm of the United States Congress. It is located in the legislative branch of the United States government.-History:...

 (GAO) report on the contract characterized it as not well-planned and lacking any measure for assuring valuable work to be completed.

According to the article,
A review of memos, e-mail and other contracting documents obtained by The Washington Post show that in a rush to meet congressional mandates to establish the information analysis and infrastructure protection offices, agency officials routinely waived rules designed to protect taxpayer money. As the project progressed, the department became so dependent on Booz Allen that it lost the flexibility for a time to seek out other contractors or hire federal employees who might do the job for less.


Elaine C. Duke, the department's chief procurement officer, acknowledged the problems with the Booz Allen contract. But Duke said those matters have been resolved. She defended a decision to issue a second no-bid contract in 2005 as necessary to keep an essential intelligence operation running until a competition could be held.

PISCES

Known as PISCES
PISCES
PISCES is a border control database system.- Overview :The PISCES-project was initiated by the Department of State, Terrorist Interdiction Program in 1997, initially as a system for countries in improving their watch listing capabilities by providing a mainframe computer system to facilitate...

 (Personal Identification Secure Comparison and Evaluation System), the “terrorist interdiction system” matches passengers inbound for the United States against facial images, fingerprints and biographical information at airports in high-risk countries. A high-speed data network permits U.S. authorities to be informed of problems with inbound passengers. Although PISCES
PISCES
PISCES is a border control database system.- Overview :The PISCES-project was initiated by the Department of State, Terrorist Interdiction Program in 1997, initially as a system for countries in improving their watch listing capabilities by providing a mainframe computer system to facilitate...

 was operational in the months prior to September 11, it apparently failed to detect any of the terrorists involved in the attack.

Privacy advocates have alleged that the PISCES
PISCES
PISCES is a border control database system.- Overview :The PISCES-project was initiated by the Department of State, Terrorist Interdiction Program in 1997, initially as a system for countries in improving their watch listing capabilities by providing a mainframe computer system to facilitate...

 system is deployed in various countries that are known for human rights abuses (ie Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...

 and Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....

) and that facilitating them with an advanced database system capable of storing biometric details of travelers (often without consent of their own nationals) poses a danger to human rights activists and government opponents.

See also

  • Booz & Company
    Booz & Company
    Booz & Company is a global management consulting firm established in the United States in 1914. It is recognized as one of the most prestigious management consulting firms in the world and one of the best consulting firms to work for by Consulting Magazine...

  • Booz Allen Classic
    Booz Allen Classic
    The Booz Allen Classic was a regular golf tournament on the PGA Tour from 1968 to 2006.Perhaps more so than any other "regular" PGA Tour stop, the event wandered about, not just from course to course within a given metropolitan area, but along the East Coast...

  • James L. Allen
    James L. Allen
    James L. Allen was one of the founders of management consultancies Booz Allen Hamilton and Booz & Company.Mr. Allen was born on November 21, 1904, on a farm in Somerset, Kentucky...

  • Kellogg School of Management
    Kellogg School of Management
    The Kellogg School of Management is the business school of Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, downtown Chicago, Illinois and Miami, Florida. Kellogg offers full-time, part-time, and executive programs, as well as partnering programs with schools in China, India, Hong Kong, Israel,...

  • List of United States defense contractors
  • John Michael McConnell
  • Top 100 US Federal Contractors
    Top 100 US Federal Contractors
    The Top 100 Contractors Report is a list developed annually by the U.S. General Services Administration as part of its tracking of U.S. federal government procurement....

  • Value Measuring Methodology
    Value Measuring Methodology
    Value measuring methodology is a tool that helps planners balance both tangible and intangible values when making investment decisions, and monitor benefits....


External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.  The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
 
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