1873 in Germany
Encyclopedia
National level
- KaiserKaiserKaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...
— William IWilliam I, German EmperorWilliam I, also known as Wilhelm I , of the House of Hohenzollern was the King of Prussia and the first German Emperor .Under the leadership of William and his Chancellor Otto von Bismarck, Prussia achieved the unification of Germany and the... - ChancellorChancellor of GermanyThe Chancellor of Germany is, under the German 1949 constitution, the head of government of Germany...
— Otto von BismarckOtto von BismarckOtto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg , simply known as Otto von Bismarck, was a Prussian-German statesman whose actions unified Germany, made it a major player in world affairs, and created a balance of power that kept Europe at peace after 1871.As Minister President of...
Kingdoms
- King of BavariaKing of BavariaKing of Bavaria was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished...
— Ludwig II of BavariaLudwig II of BavariaLudwig II was King of Bavaria from 1864 until shortly before his death. He is sometimes called the Swan King and der Märchenkönig, the Fairy tale King... - King of Prussia — Kaiser William I
- King of Saxony — John of Saxony to 29 October, then Albert of SaxonyAlbert of SaxonyAlbert of Saxony may refer to:* Albert of Saxony * Albert I, Duke of Saxony * Albert, Duke of Saxony * Prince Albert of Saxony, Duke of Teschen * Albert of Saxony...
- King of Württemberg — Charles of Württemberg
Grand Duchies
- Grand Duke of Baden — Frederick I
- Grand Duke of Hesse — Louis IIILouis III, Grand Duke of HesseLouis III was Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1848 until his death. He was succeeded by his nephew, Louis IV....
- Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-SchwerinMecklenburg-SchwerinMecklenburg-Schwerin was a duchy in northern Germany created in 1348, when Albert II of Mecklenburg and his younger brother John were raised to Dukes of Mecklenburg by King Charles IV...
— Frederick Francis II - Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz — Frederick William
- Grand Duke of Oldenburg — Peter IIPeter II, Grand Duke of OldenburgPeter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg was the ruler of Oldenburg from 1853 to 1900.-Family:Duke Nikolaus Friedrich Peter was the only son of Augustus, Grand Duke of Oldenburg by his second wife Princess Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym. He was born on 8 July 1827 in Oldenburg. In his youth, he...
- Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachSaxe-Weimar-EisenachThe Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach was created in 1809 by the merger of the Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Weimar and Saxe-Eisenach. It was raised to a Grand duchy in 1815 by resolution of the Vienna Congress. In 1877, it officially changed its name to the Grand Duchy of Saxony , but this name was...
- Charles AlexanderCharles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-EisenachKarl Alexander August Johann, Grand Duke of Saxony; 24 June 1818 – 5 January 1901) was the ruler of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach from 1853 until his death.-Biography:...
Principalities
- Schaumburg-LippeSchaumburg-LippeSchaumburg-Lippe was until 1946 a small state in Germany, located in the present day state of Lower Saxony, with its capital at Bückeburg.- History :...
— Adolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-LippeAdolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-LippeAdolf I, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe was a ruler of the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe.-Biography:He was born in Bückeburg to Georg Wilhelm, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe and Princess Ida of Waldeck and Pyrmont .... - Schwarzburg-RudolstadtSchwarzburg-RudolstadtSchwarzburg-Rudolstadt was a small historic state in present-day Thuringia, Germany with its capital at Rudolstadt.-History:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was established in 1599 in the course of a resettlement of Schwarzburg dynasty lands...
— George Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-RudolstadtGeorge Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-RudolstadtGeorg Albert, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt was the penultimate sovereign prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.-Biography:... - Schwarzburg-SondershausenSchwarzburg-SondershausenSchwarzburg-Sondershausen was a small principality in Germany, in the present day state of Thuringia, with capital at Sondershausen.-History:...
— Günther Friedrich Karl II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen - Principality of LippePrincipality of LippeLippe was a historical state in Germany. It was located between the Weser River and the southeast part of the Teutoburg forest.-History:...
— Leopold III, Prince of LippeLeopold III, Prince of LippeLeopold III of Lippe was the sovereign of the Principality of Lippe reigning from 1851 until his death.-Early life and ascension:... - Reuss Elder LineReuss Elder LineThe Principality of Reuss Elder Line was a state in Germany, ruled by members of the House of Reuss. The Counts Reuss of Greiz, Lower- and Upper Greiz , were elevated to princely status in 1778. Its members bore the title Prince Reuss, Elder Line, or Prince Reuss of Greiz...
— Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of GreizHeinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of GreizPrince Heinrich XXII Reuss of Greiz was the reigning sovereign of Reuss, a small principality of the German states, from 1859 to his death in 1902.-Reign:... - Reuss Younger Line — Heinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger LineHeinrich XIV, Prince Reuss Younger Line-Early life:Heinrich XIV was born at Coburg, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, sixth child of Heinrich LXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line , and his wife, Princess Adelheid Reuss of Ebersdorf , .-Prince Reuss...
- Waldeck and PyrmontWaldeck (state)Waldeck was a sovereign principality in the German Empire and German Confederation and, until 1929, a constituent state of the Weimar Republic. It comprised territories in present-day Hesse and Lower Saxony, ....
— George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and PyrmontGeorge Victor, Prince of Waldeck and PyrmontGeorge Victor was the 3rd sovereign Prince of the German state of Waldeck and Pyrmont.He was born in Arolsen the son of George II, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont and his wife Princess Emma of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym...
Duchies
- Duke of Anhalt — Frederick I, Duke of AnhaltFrederick I, Duke of AnhaltFrederick I was a German prince of the house of Ascania who ruled the Duchy of Anhalt from 1871 to 1904.-Early life:...
- Duke of Brunswick — William, Duke of Brunswick
- Duke of Saxe-Altenburg — Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
- Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha — Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- Duke of Saxe-Meiningen — Georg II, Duke of Saxe-MeiningenGeorg II, Duke of Saxe-MeiningenGeorg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen , was the penultimate Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, reigning from 1866 to 1914.-Family and early life:...
Events
- 16 September — German troops leave FranceFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
upon completion of payment of indemnity for the Franco-Prussian WarFranco-Prussian WarThe Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. Prussia was aided by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and...
. - 22 October — BismarckOtto von BismarckOtto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg , simply known as Otto von Bismarck, was a Prussian-German statesman whose actions unified Germany, made it a major player in world affairs, and created a balance of power that kept Europe at peace after 1871.As Minister President of...
negotiates the League of the Three EmperorsLeague of the Three EmperorsThe League of the Three Emperors was an unstable alliance between Tsar Alexander II of Russia, Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria-Hungary and Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany.- Formation 1873 :...
, ensuring an alliance between Austria–Hungary and the Russian EmpireRussian EmpireThe Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
.
- KattowitzKattowitz (district)Landkreis Kattowitz was a rural district of the German-state of Prussia from 1873–1922 and 1939–45. Its capital was the city of Kattowitz .-History:...
is created as a district of Prussia.
Architecture
- 2 September — Berlin Victory ColumnBerlin Victory ColumnThe Victory Column is a monument in Berlin, Germany. Designed by Heinrich Strack after 1864 to commemorate the Prussian victory in the Danish-Prussian War, by the time it was inaugurated on 2 September 1873, Prussia had also defeated Austria in the Austro-Prussian War and France in the...
inaugurated to celebrate the Second Schleswig War.
Music
- Johannes BrahmsJohannes BrahmsJohannes Brahms was a German composer and pianist, and one of the leading musicians of the Romantic period. Born in Hamburg, Brahms spent much of his professional life in Vienna, Austria, where he was a leader of the musical scene...
premieres his String Quartet No. 1, Variations on a Theme by Haydn.
Commerce
- The Baden guldenBaden guldenThe Gulden was a currency of Baden from 1754 until 1873. Until 1821, the Gulden was a unit of account, worth 5/12 of a Conventionsthaler, used to denominate banknotes but not issued as a coin. It was subdivided into 50 Conventionskreuzer or 60 Kreuzer landmünze.In 1821, the first Gulden coins were...
, the Bavarian guldenBavarian guldenThe Gulden was the currency of Bavaria until 1873. Between 1754 and 1837 it was a unit of account, worth of a Conventionsthaler, used to denominate banknotes but not issued as a coin...
, the Bremen thalerBremen thalerThe Thaler was the currency of Bremen until 1873. It was divided into 72 Grote, each of 5 Schwaren. Until 1863, the Bremen Thaler was on a silver standard, containing 1/13½ Cologne mark of silver. After 1863, the Bremen Thaler, unlike the Vereinsthaler, went over to a gold standard and was worth 1...
, the Hamburg markHamburg markThe Mark was the currency of Hamburg until 1873. It was subdivided into 16 Schilling, each of 12 Pfennig. The Hamburg Mark was on a silver standard, with the final peg being 1 Mark = 1/34 Cologne mark. It was replaced by the Goldmark at a rate of 1 Hamburg mark = 1.2 Goldmark .-External links:*...
, the Hesse-Kassel vereinsthalerHesse-Kassel vereinsthalerThe Vereinsthaler was the currency of the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel between 1858 and 1873. It replaced the Thaler at par and was replaced by the German Mark at a rate of 1 Vereinsthaler = 3 Mark....
, the Mecklenburg vereinsthalerMecklenburg vereinsthalerThe Vereinsthaler was the currency of the two Grand Duchies of Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz between 1857 and 1873. It replaced the Mecklenburg Thaler at par and was replaced by the Mark at a rate of 1 Vereinsthaler = 3 Mark. The Vereinsthaler was subdivided into 48 Schillinge, each...
, the Prussian vereinsthalerPrussian vereinsthalerThe Vereinsthaler was the currency of Prussia between 1857 and 1873. It replaced the Thaler at par and was replaced by the Mark at a rate of 1 Vereinsthaler = 3 Mark. The Vereinsthaler was subdivided into 30 Silbergroschen, each of 12 Pfenninge....
, the Saxon vereinsthalerSaxon vereinsthalerThe Vereinsthaler was the currency of Saxony between 1857 and 1873. It replaced the Thaler at par and was replaced by the Mark at a rate of 1 Vereinsthaler = 3 Mark. The Vereinsthaler was subdivided into 30 Neugroschen, each of 10 Pfennig....
, the South German guldenSouth German guldenThe Gulden was the currency of the states of southern Germany between 1754 and 1873. These states included Bavaria, Baden, Württemberg, Frankfurt and Hohenzollern....
and the Württemberg guldenWürttemberg guldenThe Gulden was the currency of Württemberg until 1873. Until 1824, the Gulden was a unit of account and was used to denominate banknotes but was not issued as a coin. It was worth 5/12 of a Conventionsthaler and was subdivided into 50 Conventionskreuzer or 60 Kreuzer Landmünze.The first Gulden...
are all abolished and replaced with the new single currency of the German Empire, the German gold markGerman gold markThe Goldmark was the currency used in the German Empire from 1873 to 1914.-History:Before unification, the different German states issued a variety of different currencies, though most were linked to the Vereinsthaler, a silver coin containing 16⅔ grams of pure silver...
.
Education
- Establishment of the University of the Arts BremenUniversity of the Arts BremenThe University of the Arts Bremen is a publicly funded university in Bremen, Germany and one of the most successful ones whose roots in music, arts and design date back to 1873...
. - German language university, the Deutsche Evangelische OberschuleDeutsche Evangelische OberschuleDeutsche Evangelische Oberschule is an exclusive German school in Cairo, Egypt, operated by the German Protestant community of Cairo.-History:...
, established in CairoCairoCairo , is the capital of Egypt and the largest city in the Arab world and Africa, and the 16th largest metropolitan area in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a centre of the region's political and cultural life...
, EgyptEgyptEgypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
. - Verein für SocialpolitikVerein für SocialpolitikThe Verein für Socialpolitik is an important society of economists in the German-speaking area. The Society, which covers all branches of economics was founded in 1873. Among its members were eminent economists like Gustav von Schmoller and Adolph Wagner.It annually awards the Gossen Prize to...
established.
Science
- Hermann von HelmholtzHermann von HelmholtzHermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz was a German physician and physicist who made significant contributions to several widely varied areas of modern science...
is awarded the Copley MedalCopley MedalThe Copley Medal is an award given by the Royal Society of London for "outstanding achievements in research in any branch of science, and alternates between the physical sciences and the biological sciences"...
"for his researches in physics and physiology".
Transport
- Frankfurt South station opened.
- The armoured frigate SMS PreußenSMS Preußen (1873)SMS Preussen was an armored frigate of the German Kaiserliche Marine. The ship was built by the AG Vulcan shipyard in Stettin in 1871–1876; she was commissioned into the fleet in July 1876. She was the first large warship of the German navy built by a private shipyard; all previous vessels...
is launched.
Births
- 6 January — Karl StraubeKarl StraubeMontgomery Rufus Karl/Carl Siegfried Straube was a German church musician , organist, and choral conductor, famous above all for championing the abundant organ music of Max Reger. He studied organ under Heinrich Reimann in Berlin from 1894 to 1897 and became a widely respected concert organist...
, organist (d. 1950) - 13 January — Walther BensemannWalther BensemannWalther Bensemann was a German pioneer of football and founder of the country's major sports publication, Kicker....
, Jewish-German association football pioneer (d. 19341934 in FranceSee also:1933 in France,other events of 1934,1935 in France.----Events from the year 1934 in France.-Events:*6 February - an anti-parliamentarist demonstration organised in Paris by far-right leagues, finished in a riot and led to a political crisis.*9 February - Gaston Doumergue forms a new...
, France) - 24 January — Hermann HauptHermann HauptHermann Haupt was a German entomologist who worked mainly on Homoptera and Hymenoptera.He was an intermediate school teacher. He described many new species...
, entomologist (d. 1959) - 31 January — Melitta BentzMelitta BentzAmalie Auguste Melitta Bentz , born Amalie Auguste Melitta Liebscher, was a German entrepreneur, who invented the coffee filter in 1908.-Biography:Bentz was born in Dresden, Germany...
, entrepreneur (d. 1950) - 26 February — Rudolf KanzlerRudolf KanzlerRudolf Kanzler was a German surveyor and politician who was involved in the organisation of Freikorps units after World War I....
, German politician (d. 1956) - 2 February — Konstantin von NeurathKonstantin von NeurathKonstantin Freiherr von Neurath was a German diplomat remembered mostly for having served as Foreign minister of Germany between 1932 and 1938...
, German diplomat (d. 1956) - 10 March — Walter FriedländerWalter FriedländerWalter Ferdinand Friedlaender was a German art historian.Born in Glogau, he was taught art history by Heinrich Wölfflin and others...
, art historian (d. 1966) - 10 March — Jakob WassermannJakob WassermannJakob Wassermann was a Jewish-German writer and novelist.- Life :Born in Fürth, Wassermann was the son of a shopkeeper and lost his mother at an early age. He showed literary interest early and published various pieces in small newspapers...
, Jewish-German novelist (d. 19341934 in Germany-National level:Head of State*Paul von Hindenburg to 2 August, then Adolf Hitler Chancellor* Adolf Hitler -Events:...
) - 17 March — Wilhelm KreisWilhelm KreisWilhelm Kreis was a prominent German architect and professor of architecture, active through four political systems in German history: the Wilhelmine era, the Weimar Republic, the Third Reich, and the foundation of the Federal Republic.Kreis was born in Eltville am Rhein in Hesse-Nassau...
, architect (d. 1955) - 23 March — Richard KolkwitzRichard KolkwitzRichard Kolkwitz was a German botanist who was a native of Berlin. He studied natural sciences at the University of Berlin under Adolf Engler and Simon Schwendener , and from 1895 to 1900 was an assistant at the university under Leopold Kny...
, botanist (d. 1956) - 7 April — Friedrich von Oppeln-BronikowskiFriedrich von Oppeln-BronikowskiFriedrich von Oppeln-Bronikowski was a German writer, translator, publisher and cultural historian. His grave is located in the Südwestkirchhof Stahnsdorf near Berlin.- Life :...
, writer (d. 19361936 in Germany-National level:Head of State*Adolf Hitler Chancellor* Adolf Hitler -Events:* 6 February — The IV Olympic Winter Games open in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany....
) - 27 April — Robert WieneRobert WieneRobert Wiene was an important film director of the German silent cinema.Robert Wiene was born in Breslau, as the elder son of the successful theatre actor Carl Wiene. His younger brother Conrad also became an actor, but Robert Wiene at first studied law at the University of Berlin. In 1908 he also...
, filmmaker (d. 19381938 in Germany-National level:Head of State*Adolf Hitler Chancellor* Adolf Hitler -Events:* 12 January — The German War Minister Field Marshal Werner von Blomberg marries Eva Gruhn in Berlin; Hermann Göring is best man at the wedding....
) - 3 May — Richard von KühlmannRichard von KühlmannRichard von Kühlmann was a German diplomat and industrialist. From 6 August 1917 to 9 July 1918, he served as Germany's Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.-Biography:Kühlmann was born in Constantinople...
, German diplomat (d. 1948) - 14 May — Theodor von der PfordtenTheodor von der PfordtenTheodor von der Pfordten was a county court councillor, who served in World War I and was an early member of the Nazi Party who took part in Adolf Hitler's failed Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. He along with fifteen others died trying to overthrow the government of Bavaria...
, so-called NaziNazismNazism, the common short form name of National Socialism was the ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany...
'martyr' (d. 19231923 in GermanyEvents in the year 1923 in Germany.-National level:President*Friedrich Ebert Chancellor*Wilhelm Cuno to 12 August, then from 13 August Gustav Stresemann to 30 November, then Wilhelm Marx -Events:* 11 January - French and Belgian troops enter the Ruhr in the Occupation of the Ruhr because of...
) - 21 May — Hans BergerHans BergerHans Berger was born in Neuses near Coburg, Bavaria, Germany. He is best known as the first to record human electroencephalograms in 1924, for which he invented the electroencephalogram , and the discoverer of the alpha wave rhythm known as "Berger's wave".- Biography :After attending...
, neurologist (d. 19411941 in Germany-National level:Head of State*Adolf Hitler Chancellor* Adolf Hitler -Events:* 3 January — A decree in Germany outlaws the use of Blackletter Gothic typefaces in favour of Antiqua....
) - 26 May — Hans LudendorffHans LudendorffFriedrich Wilhelm Hans Ludendorff was a German astronomer and astrophysicist. He was the younger brother of General Erich Ludendorff....
, astronomer (d. 19411941 in Germany-National level:Head of State*Adolf Hitler Chancellor* Adolf Hitler -Events:* 3 January — A decree in Germany outlaws the use of Blackletter Gothic typefaces in favour of Antiqua....
) - 7 June — Franz WeidenreichFranz Weidenreich-External references:*...
, Jewish-German, later American, anatomist (d. 19481948 in the United States-January:* January 1 – The latest New Jersey State Constitution goes into effect.* January 29 – Plane crash at Los Gatos Creek, California kills 4 US citizens and 28 deportees, commemorated in a song by Woody Guthrie.-February:...
) - 16 June — Karl von MüllerKarl von MüllerKarl Friedrich Max von Müller was Captain of the famous German commerce raider, the light cruiser SMS Emden during World War I.- Early life and career :The son of a cracking Colonel, he was born in Hanover...
, Naval captain (d. 19231923 in GermanyEvents in the year 1923 in Germany.-National level:President*Friedrich Ebert Chancellor*Wilhelm Cuno to 12 August, then from 13 August Gustav Stresemann to 30 November, then Wilhelm Marx -Events:* 11 January - French and Belgian troops enter the Ruhr in the Occupation of the Ruhr because of...
) - 27 June — Jacob Moritz BlumbergJacob Moritz BlumbergJacob Moritz Blumberg was a German Jewish surgeon and gynaecologist and inventor and namesake of the Blumberg sign.-Biography:...
, Jewish-German, later British, surgeon (d. 19551955 in the United KingdomEvents from the year 1955 in the United Kingdom. The year is marked by changes of leadership for both principal political parties.-Incumbents:* Monarch – Elizabeth II* Prime Minister – Winston Churchill and Anthony Eden, Conservative Party-Events:...
) - 29 June — Leo FrobeniusLeo FrobeniusLeo Viktor Frobenius was an ethnologist and archaeologist and a major figure in German ethnography.-Life:He was born in Berlin as the son of a Prussian officer and died in Biganzolo, Lago Maggiore, Piedmont, Italy...
, ethnologist (d. 1938, Italy) - 30 June — Friedrich Karl Georg FeddeFriedrich Karl Georg FeddeFriedrich Karl Georg Fedde was a German botanist.- Biography :Fedde studied natural sciences, commencing in 1892 and graduating in 1896 in Breslau. He was a teacher in schools of higher learning in Breslau, Tarnowitz and Berlin...
, botanist (d. 19421942 in Germany-National level:Head of State*Adolf Hitler Chancellor* Adolf Hitler -Events:* 13 January — Heinkel test pilot Helmut Schenk becomes the first person to escape from a stricken aircraft with an ejection seat....
) - 6 August — Otto von FeldmannOtto von FeldmannOtto von Feldmann was a German officer and politician.Feldmann attended the Royal Grammar School in Bydgoszcz, the Kaiser-Wilhelm-and Ratsgymnasium Hanover, the Kadettenvoranstalt in Potsdam and the main cadet institution in big-Lichterfelde near Berlin. He joined to the Military in 1907...
, Army officer (d. 19451945 in Germany-National level:Head of State:* Adolf Hitler until 30 April, then Karl Dönitz to 23 May, then noneChancellor...
) - 20 August — Eugen SchmalenbachEugen SchmalenbachEugen Schmalenbach was a German academic and economist. He was born in Halver, and attended the Leipzig College of Commerce starting in 1898...
, economist (d. 1955) - 15 September — Otto WelsOtto WelsOtto Wels was the chairman of the Social Democratic Party of Germany from 1919 and a member of parliament from 1920 to 1933....
, politician (d. 19391939 in Germany-National level:Head of State*Adolf Hitler Chancellor* Adolf Hitler -Events:* 23 January — "Dutch War Scare": Admiral Wilhelm Canaris of the Abwehr leaks misinformation to the effect that Germany plans to invade the Netherlands in February, with the aim of using Dutch airfields to launch a...
) - 29 September — Carl Wilhelm Erich ZimmerCarl Wilhelm Erich ZimmerCarl Wilhelm Erich Zimmer was a German zoologist specialising in crustaceans, especially the order Cumacea. He worked in Berlin, and is the taxonomic authority for the krill species Euphausia hanseni.-References:*....
, zoologist (d. 1950) - 9 October — Karl SchwarzschildKarl SchwarzschildKarl Schwarzschild was a German physicist. He is also the father of astrophysicist Martin Schwarzschild.He is best known for providing the first exact solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, for the limited case of a single spherical non-rotating mass, which he accomplished...
, Jewish-German physicist (d. 19161916 in Germany-National level:* Kaiser - Wilhelm II* Chancellor - Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg-Kingdoms:* King of Bavaria - Ludwig III of Bavaria* King of Prussia - Kaiser Wilhelm II* King of Saxony - Frederick Augustus III of Saxony...
) - 10 October — Duke Adolf Friedrich of MecklenburgDuke Adolf Friedrich of MecklenburgDuke Adolf Friedrich Albrecht Heinrich of Mecklenburg was a German explorer in Africa, a colonial politician, the elected Duke of the United Baltic Duchy from 5 November to 28 November, 1918, and the first president of the National Olympic Committee of Germany .- Biography :Born in Schwerin, Adolf...
, explorer (d. 1969) - 9 November — Fritz ThyssenFritz ThyssenFriedrich "Fritz" Thyssen was a German businessman born into one of Germany's leading industrial families.-Youth:Thyssen was born in Mülheim in the Ruhr area...
, German industrialist (d. 1951, Argentina) - 23 November — Otto BergOtto Berg (scientist)Otto Berg was a German scientist. He is one of the scientists credited with discovering rhenium, the next-to-last naturally occurring element to be discovered and the last element to be discovered having a stable isotope.-Rhenium:...
, chemist (d. 19391939 in Germany-National level:Head of State*Adolf Hitler Chancellor* Adolf Hitler -Events:* 23 January — "Dutch War Scare": Admiral Wilhelm Canaris of the Abwehr leaks misinformation to the effect that Germany plans to invade the Netherlands in February, with the aim of using Dutch airfields to launch a...
) - 27 December — Rudolf HöberRudolf HöberRudolf Höber was a German physician-investigator in the late 19th and early 20th century.-Publications:...
, German-born American physician (d. 19531953 in the United States-Incumbents:*President - Harry S. Truman until January 20, Dwight Eisenhower*Vice President - Alben W. Barkley until January 20, Richard Nixon-January–March:* January 7 – President Harry S...
) - 28 December — Gotthard FliegelGotthard FliegelGotthard Fliegel was a German geographer. His work was mostly on western Germany, especially the Lower Rhine basin. He was born in Dammer in Lower Silesia and attended the Maria-Magdalenen school in Wrocław. He then studied at the University of Wrocław, where he gained a Ph.D...
, geographer (d. 1947)
Deaths
- 2 February - Princess Charlotte of Württemberg, noblewoman (b. 1807)
- 9 February - Caroline Augusta of BavariaCaroline Augusta of BavariaCaroline Augusta of Bavaria was a daughter of Maximilian I Joseph, King of Bavaria and his wife, Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt , and a member of the House of Wittelsbach. She was married to Crown Prince William of Württemberg and to Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor...
, noblewoman (b. 1792) - 9 February - Julius FürstJulius FürstJulius Fürst , was a Jewish German orientalist.Fürst was a distinguished scholar of Semitic languages and literature...
, Jewish-German orientalist (b. 1805) - 23 February - Jakob Freiherr von Hartmann, BavariaBavariaBavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
n general (b. 1795) - 10 March - Pauline Therese of WürttembergPauline Therese of WürttembergDuchess Pauline Therese Luise of Württemberg was a daughter of Louis of Württemberg and Princess Henriette of Nassau-Weilburg...
, Queen consort of WürttembergWürttembergWürttemberg , formerly known as Wirtemberg or Wurtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia....
(b. 1800) - 26 March - Albrecht von BernstorffAlbrecht von BernstorffAlbrecht Graf von Bernstorff was a Prussian statesman.Bernstorff was born at the estate Dreilützow , in the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin...
, PrussiaPrussiaPrussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
n politician (b. 1809) - 18 April - Justus von LiebigJustus von LiebigJustus von Liebig was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry. As a professor, he devised the modern laboratory-oriented teaching method, and for such innovations, he is regarded as one of the...
, chemist (b. 1803) - 24 April - Prince Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, PrussiaPrussiaPrussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
n nobleman (b. 1797) - 12 May - Karl von Bodelschwingh-VelmedeKarl von Bodelschwingh-VelmedeKarl von Bodelschwingh-Velmede was a Prussian politician.Von Bodelschwingh-Velmede was born in Velmede, near Hamm in the County of Mark...
, PrussiaPrussiaPrussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
n politician (b. 1800) - 6 June - Adalbert of PrussiaAdalbert of PrussiaPrince Adalbert of Prussia was a son of Prince Wilhelm of Prussia and Landgravine Marie Anna of Hesse-Homburg. He was a naval theorist and admiral. He was instrumental during the Revolutions of 1848 in founding the first unified German fleet, the Reichsflotte...
, prince (b. 1811) - 14 June - Friedrich Ludwig Georg von RaumerFriedrich Ludwig Georg von RaumerFriedrich Ludwig Georg von Raumer was a German historian. He was the first scientific historian to popularize history in German. He traveled extensively and served in German legislative bodies.-Biography:...
, historian (b. 1871) - 21 June - Heinrich August Wilhelm MeyerHeinrich August Wilhelm MeyerHeinrich August Wilhelm Meyer , was a German Protestant divine. He wrote commentaries on the New Testament and published an edition of that book.-Biography:Meyer was born in Gotha...
, theologian (b. 1800) - 29 June - Wolfgang Müller von KönigswinterWolfgang Müller von KönigswinterWolfgang Müller von Königswinter was a German novelist and poet. He settled in Cologne, and became a popular poet, novelist, and chronicler of the Rhine region.-Biography:...
, novelist (b. 1816) - 8 July - Franz Xaver Winterhalter, painter (b. 1805)
- 13 August - Fritz Bamberger (painter)Fritz Bamberger (painter)Fritz Bamberger was a German painter, primarily of landscapes.Bamberger was born in Würzburg, the fourth son of two Bavarian musicians. His parents retired in 1820, and he moved with them to Frankfurt, where his sister Sabine became an opera singer. He spent part of his childhood in Dresden and...
, painter (b .1814) - 18 August - Charles II, Duke of BrunswickCharles II, Duke of BrunswickCharles II , Duke of Brunswick, ruled the Duchy of Brunswick from 1815 until 1830.-Biography:Charles was the eldest son of Frederick William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg...
, nobleman (b. 1804) - 22 September - August BreithauptAugust BreithauptJohann Friedrich August Breithaupt was a German mineralogist and professor at Freiberg Mining Academy in Freiberg, Saxony.-Biography:...
, mineralogist (b. 1791) - 10 October - Hermann KurzHermann KurzHermann Kurz was a German poet and novelist.He was born at Reutlingen. Having studied at the theological seminary at Maulbronn and at the University of Tübingen, he became assistant pastor at Ehningen...
, writer (b. 1813) - 13 October - Emil von SydowEmil von SydowEmil von Sydow was a German geographer and cartographer born in Freiberg, Saxony. Early in his career he was a geography instructor at the military academy in Erfurt, and in 1867 became director of statistics and geography to the Prussian General Staff.Emil von Sydow is considered to be the...
, geographer (b. 1812) - 29 October - John, King of Saxony (b. 1801)
- 26 November - Georg Amadeus Carl Friedrich NaumannGeorg Amadeus Carl Friedrich NaumannGeorg Amadeus Carl Friedrich Naumann , also known as Karl Friedrich Naumann, was a German mineralogist and geologist. The crater Naumann on the Moon is named after him....
, mineralogist (b. 1797) - 14 December - Elisabeth Ludovika of BavariaElisabeth Ludovika of BavariaElisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria was a Princess of Bavaria and later Queen consort of Prussia.-Early life and family:...
, Queen consort of PrussiaPrussiaPrussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
(b. 1801)