Frederick I, Duke of Anhalt
Encyclopedia
Frederick I (29 April 1831 – 24 January 1904) was a German prince of the house of Ascania who ruled the Duchy of Anhalt from 1871 to 1904.
in 1831 as the third child and only son of Duke Leopold IV of Anhalt-Dessau
and his wife Frederica Wilhelmina of Prussia, the daughter of Prince Louis Charles of Prussia
.
He studied in Bonn
and Geneva
, and in 1851 entered the Prussian military at Potsdam
.
In 1863 he became heir to the united Duchy of Anhalt, when his father Leopold IV
had inherited all the Anhalt territories following the death of the last Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg
.
In 1864, he participated in the Second Schleswig War in the staff of his brother-in-law, Prince Frederic Charles of Prussia, and in 1870-71 in the Franco-Prussian War
as Lieutenant General
. He was present at the proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor
in the Hall of Mirrors at the Versailles Palace on 18 January 1871.
On 23 January 1904 he suffered an apoplectic stroke and died the next day at Ballenstedt
castle. As his eldest son Leopold
had predeceased him, he was succeeded as Duke by his second son who became Frederick II
.
to Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg. She was a daughter of Prince Eduard of Saxe-Altenburg and his wife Princess Amalie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
. They had six children:
Early life
Frederick was born in DessauDessau
Dessau is a town in Germany on the junction of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland of Saxony-Anhalt. Since 1 July 2007, it is part of the merged town Dessau-Roßlau. Population of Dessau proper: 77,973 .-Geography:...
in 1831 as the third child and only son of Duke Leopold IV of Anhalt-Dessau
Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt
Leopold IV Frederick, Duke of Anhalt was a German prince of the House of Ascania.From 1817 until 1853 he was ruler of the duchy of Anhalt-Dessau and from 1847 until 1853 also ruler of the duchy of Anhalt-Köthen...
and his wife Frederica Wilhelmina of Prussia, the daughter of Prince Louis Charles of Prussia
Prince Louis Charles of Prussia
Prince Louis Charles of Prussia was the second son and third child of Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt.-Marriage and issue:...
.
He studied in Bonn
Bonn
Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany. Located in the Cologne/Bonn Region, about 25 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, it was the capital of West Germany from 1949 to 1990 and the official seat of government of united Germany from 1990 to 1999....
and Geneva
Geneva
Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...
, and in 1851 entered the Prussian military at Potsdam
Potsdam
Potsdam is the capital city of the German federal state of Brandenburg and part of the Berlin/Brandenburg Metropolitan Region. It is situated on the River Havel, southwest of Berlin city centre....
.
In 1863 he became heir to the united Duchy of Anhalt, when his father Leopold IV
Leopold IV, Duke of Anhalt
Leopold IV Frederick, Duke of Anhalt was a German prince of the House of Ascania.From 1817 until 1853 he was ruler of the duchy of Anhalt-Dessau and from 1847 until 1853 also ruler of the duchy of Anhalt-Köthen...
had inherited all the Anhalt territories following the death of the last Duke of Anhalt-Bernburg
Anhalt-Bernburg
Anhalt-Bernburg was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and a duchy of the German Confederation ruled by the House of Ascania with its residence at Bernburg in present-day Saxony-Anhalt...
.
In 1864, he participated in the Second Schleswig War in the staff of his brother-in-law, Prince Frederic Charles of Prussia, and in 1870-71 in the Franco-Prussian War
Franco-Prussian War
The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia. Prussia was aided by the North German Confederation, of which it was a member, and the South German states of Baden, Württemberg and...
as Lieutenant General
Lieutenant General
Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....
. He was present at the proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor
German Emperor
This article is about the emperors of the German Empire. For full list of German monarchs before 1871, see List of German monarchs.The German Emperor was the official title of the Head of State and ruler of the German Empire, beginning with the proclamation of Wilhelm I as emperor during the...
in the Hall of Mirrors at the Versailles Palace on 18 January 1871.
Reign
Frederick succeeded his father as Duke of Anhalt on 22 May 1871.On 23 January 1904 he suffered an apoplectic stroke and died the next day at Ballenstedt
Ballenstedt
Ballenstedt is a town in the Harz district, in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. It is situated at the northern rim of the Harz mountain range, about 10 km southeast of Quedlinburg. The municipality includes the villages of Badeborn and Oppenrode...
castle. As his eldest son Leopold
Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt
Leopold of Anhalt , was a German prince of the House of Ascania. From 1871 until his death he was heir to the duchy of Anhalt.-Early life:...
had predeceased him, he was succeeded as Duke by his second son who became Frederick II
Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt
Frederick II was the Duke of Anhalt from 1904 until 1918.-Early life:He was born in Dessau in 1856 as the second son of Hereditary Prince Frederick of Anhalt-Dessau and his wife Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg....
.
Marriage and issue
He was married on 22 April 1854 at AltenburgAltenburg
Altenburg is a town in the German federal state of Thuringia, 45 km south of Leipzig. It is the capital of the Altenburger Land district.-Geography:...
to Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg. She was a daughter of Prince Eduard of Saxe-Altenburg and his wife Princess Amalie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Princess Amalie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Princess Amalie Antoinette Karoline Adrienne of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, was a member of the House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and a Princess of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen by birth...
. They had six children:
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt Leopold, Hereditary Prince of Anhalt Leopold of Anhalt , was a German prince of the House of Ascania. From 1871 until his death he was heir to the duchy of Anhalt.-Early life:... |
18 July 1855 | 2 February 1866 | married Princess Elisabeth of Hesse-Kassel; had issue |
| Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt Frederick II, Duke of Anhalt Frederick II was the Duke of Anhalt from 1904 until 1918.-Early life:He was born in Dessau in 1856 as the second son of Hereditary Prince Frederick of Anhalt-Dessau and his wife Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg.... |
19 August 1856 | 22 April 1918 | married Princess Marie of Baden |
| Princess Elisabeth of Anhalt Princess Elisabeth of Anhalt Princess Elisabeth of Anhalt was the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz from 1904 to 1914 as the spouse of Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.-Family:... |
7 September 1857 | 20 July 1933) | married Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Adolphus Frederick V was grand duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz from 1904 to 1914.-Biography:Adolphus Frederick Augustus Victor Ernest Adalbert Gustavus William Wellington of Mecklenburg was born in Neustrelitz the only surviving child of the then Hereditary Grand Duke Frederick William of... ; had issue |
| Eduard, Duke of Anhalt Eduard, Duke of Anhalt Eduard Georg Wilhelm, Duke of Anhalt was a German prince of the House of Ascania and the penultimate ruler of the Duchy of Anhalt from April to September 1918.-Early life:... |
18 April 1861 | 13 September 1918) | married Princess Luise of Saxe-Altenburg; had issue |
| Prince Aribert of Anhalt Prince Aribert of Anhalt Prince Aribert of Anhalt , was a Prince of the German Duchy of Anhalt.He was regent of Anhalt from September to November 1918 on behalf of his underage nephew Duke Joachim Ernst... |
18 June 1866 | 24 December 1933 | married Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein -Titles:*1872–1891: Her Highness Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein*1891–1900: Her Highness Princess Aribert of Anhalt*1900–1917: Her Highness Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein... |
| Princess Alexandra of Anhalt Princess Alexandra of Anhalt Princess Alexandra Therese Marie of Anhalt was a Princess of Anhalt and member of the House of Ascania by birth... |
4 April 1868 | 26 August 1958 | married Sizzo, Prince of Schwarzburg Sizzo, Prince of Schwarzburg Günther Sizzo, Prince of Schwarzburg was the head of the House of Schwarzburg and pretender to the principalities of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt and Schwarzburg-Sondershausen.-Biography:... ; had issue |