Vilgot Sjöman
Encyclopedia
David Harald Vilgot Sjöman (2 December 1924 - 9 April 2006) was a Swedish
writer
and film director
. His films deal with controversial issues of social class
, morality
, and sex
ual taboo
s, combining the emotionally-tortured characters of Ingmar Bergman
with the avant garde style of the French New Wave
. He is best known as the director of the films 491
(1964), I Am Curious (Yellow)
(in Swedish
, "Jag är nyfiken - gul") (1967), and I Am Curious (Blue)
("Jag är nyfiken - blå") (1968), which stretched the boundaries of acceptability of what could then be shown on film, deliberately treating their subjects in a provocative and explicit manner.
, from a working-class
family. His father, Anders W. Sjöman, was a builder; his mother was Mandis Pettersson. Sjöman became a clerk with a cereal company aged 15, but passed his studentexamen
in 1945 and studied at the later Stockholm University
. He then worked in a prison while writing plays (none of which were produced). One play became his first novel, The Teacher ("Lektorn") (1955), which was filmed in 1952 by Gustaf Molander
as Defiance ("Trots").
After taking up a scholarship to study film at UCLA in 1956, Sjöman worked with George Seaton
on The Proud and Profane
. He returned to Sweden, and wrote a study of Hollywood, In Hollywood ("I Hollywood") in 1961. Sjöman directed his first film in 1962, The Mistress
("Älskarinnan"), with a cast that included regular actors for Ingmar Bergman
such as Bibi Andersson
and Max von Sydow
, showing a young woman in love with two men, one older and the other younger. For her role, Anderson won the Silver Bear for Best Actress
award at the 13th Berlin International Film Festival
. He assisted Ingmar Bergman
with his 1963 film, Winter Light
("Nattvardsgästerna").
Sjöman's second film, 491
, from 1964, is based on a novel by Lars Görling and deals with the issues of homosexuality
and juvenile delinquency
; it includes a scene in which a girl is rape
d, off-screen, by a dog. His fourth film, My Sister My Love (Syskonbädd 1782), from 1966, again starred Bibi Andersson and is based on Tis Pity She's a Whore, a 17th century play by John Ford about incest
between a brother and his twin sister.
His most notorious film, I Am Curious (Yellow)
, was a political film that examined Swedish society from a critical, leftist viewpoint, portraying a young working-class sociology
student, played by Lena Nyman
, interviewing people about social classes in Sweden. Filmed in a knowing cinéma vérité
style, she asks, "Do we have a class system in Sweden?" and receives the reply, "It depends on the people. Undress them, and they're all the same; dress them, and you have a class system." The film also shows the protagonist's affair with a young man, played by Börje Ahlstedt
, and sparked controversy both in Sweden and abroad because of its nudity
and realistic scenes of sexual intercourse
between the two lovers. Norman Mailer
described it as "one of the most important pictures I have ever seen in my life".
An 11-minute section was cut by the British censor
, and copies of the film were seized by U.S. Customs in January 1968 as obscene, and banned as pornography
in most of the United States
. After the US Supreme Court overturned the anti-obscenity ban on First Amendment
grounds, the film was screened from March 1969 in US venues—one in New York City
, and another one in New Jersey
. Also screen in Oklahoma City Oklahoma March 1969. However, its notoriety guaranteed it large audiences, and it became and remained the most successful foreign film in the US for the next 23 years. Its title, and that of the 1968 sequel, I Am Curious (Blue)
, refers to the yellow and blue colours of the flag of Sweden
. It marked a turning point in attitudes to censorship of screen nudity, and was followed by films such as Midnight Cowboy
and Last Tango in Paris
.
Sjöman returned to similar themes in later films. He directed Till Sex Do Us Part in 1971, a farce
about a young married couple who believe they will die if they have sex, but most of his later films were less successful. He directed his last film in 1995, a biography of Alfred Nobel
, inventor, industrialist, and founder of the Nobel Prize
s, entitled Alfred.
He died at age 81 from a cerebral haemorrhage in St. Görans Sjukhus in Stockholm, leaving behind his wife of 37 years and three children.
Shortly after his death, a Swedish appeal court upheld a ruling that Swedish television broadcaster TV4
had damaged his and Claes Eriksson's "artistic integrity" by inserting commercial breaks
into broadcasts of their films without their consent. He had been awarded the Ingmar Bergman Prize in 2003 for pursuing this court case.
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
writer
Writer
A writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images....
and film director
Film director
A film director is a person who directs the actors and film crew in filmmaking. They control a film's artistic and dramatic nathan roach, while guiding the technical crew and actors.-Responsibilities:...
. His films deal with controversial issues of social class
Social class
Social classes are economic or cultural arrangements of groups in society. Class is an essential object of analysis for sociologists, political scientists, economists, anthropologists and social historians. In the social sciences, social class is often discussed in terms of 'social stratification'...
, morality
Morality
Morality is the differentiation among intentions, decisions, and actions between those that are good and bad . A moral code is a system of morality and a moral is any one practice or teaching within a moral code...
, and sex
Sex
In biology, sex is a process of combining and mixing genetic traits, often resulting in the specialization of organisms into a male or female variety . Sexual reproduction involves combining specialized cells to form offspring that inherit traits from both parents...
ual taboo
Taboo
A taboo is a strong social prohibition relating to any area of human activity or social custom that is sacred and or forbidden based on moral judgment, religious beliefs and or scientific consensus. Breaking the taboo is usually considered objectionable or abhorrent by society...
s, combining the emotionally-tortured characters of Ingmar Bergman
Ingmar Bergman
Ernst Ingmar Bergman was a Swedish director, writer and producer for film, stage and television. Described by Woody Allen as "probably the greatest film artist, all things considered, since the invention of the motion picture camera", he is recognized as one of the most accomplished and...
with the avant garde style of the French New Wave
French New Wave
The New Wave was a blanket term coined by critics for a group of French filmmakers of the late 1950s and 1960s, influenced by Italian Neorealism and classical Hollywood cinema. Although never a formally organized movement, the New Wave filmmakers were linked by their self-conscious rejection of...
. He is best known as the director of the films 491
491 (film)
491 is a 1964 Swedish black-and-white drama film directed by Vilgot Sjöman, based on a novel by Lars Görling. The story is about a group of youth criminals who are chosen to participate in a social experiment, where they are assigned to live together in an apartment while being supervised by two...
(1964), I Am Curious (Yellow)
I Am Curious (Yellow)
I Am Curious is a 1967 Swedish drama film written and directed by Vilgot Sjöman and starring Sjöman and Lena Nyman. It is a companion film to 1968's I Am Curious ; the two were initially intended to be one 3½ hour film...
(in Swedish
Swedish language
Swedish is a North Germanic language, spoken by approximately 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along its coast and on the Åland islands. It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish...
, "Jag är nyfiken - gul") (1967), and I Am Curious (Blue)
I Am Curious (Blue)
I Am Curious is a 1968 Swedish film directed by Vilgot Sjöman and starring Lena Nyman as a character named after herself. It is a companion film to 1967's I Am Curious ; the two were initially intended to be one 3½ hour film...
("Jag är nyfiken - blå") (1968), which stretched the boundaries of acceptability of what could then be shown on film, deliberately treating their subjects in a provocative and explicit manner.
Career
Sjöman was born in StockholmStockholm
Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...
, from a working-class
Working class
Working class is a term used in the social sciences and in ordinary conversation to describe those employed in lower tier jobs , often extending to those in unemployment or otherwise possessing below-average incomes...
family. His father, Anders W. Sjöman, was a builder; his mother was Mandis Pettersson. Sjöman became a clerk with a cereal company aged 15, but passed his studentexamen
Studentexamen
Studentexamen is the name of the university entrance examination in Sweden from the 17th century until 1968, during the period 1862–1968 taken as a final written and oral exam on graduation from gymnasium...
in 1945 and studied at the later Stockholm University
Stockholm University
Stockholm University is a state university in Stockholm, Sweden. It has over 28,000 students at four faculties, making it one of the largest universities in Scandinavia. The institution is also frequently regarded as one of the top 100 universities in the world...
. He then worked in a prison while writing plays (none of which were produced). One play became his first novel, The Teacher ("Lektorn") (1955), which was filmed in 1952 by Gustaf Molander
Gustaf Molander
Gustaf Harald August Molander was a Swedish actor and film director. His parents were the director Harald Molander, Sr. and the singer and actress Lydia Molander, née Wessler, and his brother was the director Olof Molander...
as Defiance ("Trots").
After taking up a scholarship to study film at UCLA in 1956, Sjöman worked with George Seaton
George Seaton
George Seaton was an American screenwriter, playwright, film director and producer, and theatre director.Born George Stenius in South Bend, Indiana, Seaton moved to Detroit after graduating from college to work as an actor on radio station WXYZ. John L...
on The Proud and Profane
The Proud and Profane
The Proud and Profane is a 1956 dramatic war romance made by William Perlberg-George Seaton Productions for Paramount Pictures. It was directed by George Seaton and produced by William Perlberg, from a screenplay by George Seaton, based on the novel The Magnificent Bastards by Lucy Herndon...
. He returned to Sweden, and wrote a study of Hollywood, In Hollywood ("I Hollywood") in 1961. Sjöman directed his first film in 1962, The Mistress
The Mistress (film)
The Mistress is a 1962 Swedish drama film directed by Vilgot Sjöman. It marked Sjöman's directoral debut and was entered into the 13th Berlin International Film Festival where Bibi Andersson won the Silver Bear for Best Actress award...
("Älskarinnan"), with a cast that included regular actors for Ingmar Bergman
Ingmar Bergman
Ernst Ingmar Bergman was a Swedish director, writer and producer for film, stage and television. Described by Woody Allen as "probably the greatest film artist, all things considered, since the invention of the motion picture camera", he is recognized as one of the most accomplished and...
such as Bibi Andersson
Bibi Andersson
Bibi Andersson is a Swedish actress.-Early life:Bibi Andersson was born as Berit Elisabeth Andersson in Kungsholmen, Stockholm, the daughter of Karin , a social worker, and Josef Andersson, a businessman...
and Max von Sydow
Max von Sydow
Max von Sydow is a Swedish actor. He has also held French citizenship since 2002. He has starred in many films and had supporting roles in dozens more...
, showing a young woman in love with two men, one older and the other younger. For her role, Anderson won the Silver Bear for Best Actress
Silver Bear for Best Actress
The Silver Bear for Best Actress is the Berlin International Film Festival's award for achievement in performance by an actress.-Awards:- External links :*...
award at the 13th Berlin International Film Festival
13th Berlin International Film Festival
The 13th annual Berlin International Film Festival was held from 21 June to 2 July 1963.-Jury:* Wendy Toye * Harry R. Sokal* Fernando Ayala* Jean-Pierre Melville* B. R...
. He assisted Ingmar Bergman
Ingmar Bergman
Ernst Ingmar Bergman was a Swedish director, writer and producer for film, stage and television. Described by Woody Allen as "probably the greatest film artist, all things considered, since the invention of the motion picture camera", he is recognized as one of the most accomplished and...
with his 1963 film, Winter Light
Winter Light
Winter Light is a 1962 Swedish drama film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman and starring Bergman regulars Gunnar Björnstrand, Ingrid Thulin and Max von Sydow. The film follows Tomas Ericsson , pastor of a small rural Swedish church, as he deals with existential crisis and his...
("Nattvardsgästerna").
Sjöman's second film, 491
491 (film)
491 is a 1964 Swedish black-and-white drama film directed by Vilgot Sjöman, based on a novel by Lars Görling. The story is about a group of youth criminals who are chosen to participate in a social experiment, where they are assigned to live together in an apartment while being supervised by two...
, from 1964, is based on a novel by Lars Görling and deals with the issues of homosexuality
Homosexuality
Homosexuality is romantic or sexual attraction or behavior between members of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality refers to "an enduring pattern of or disposition to experience sexual, affectional, or romantic attractions" primarily or exclusively to people of the same...
and juvenile delinquency
Juvenile delinquency
Juvenile delinquency is participation in illegal behavior by minors who fall under a statutory age limit. Most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with juveniles, such as juvenile detention centers. There are a multitude of different theories on the causes of crime, most if not...
; it includes a scene in which a girl is rape
Rape
Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse, which is initiated by one or more persons against another person without that person's consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority or with a person who is incapable of valid consent. The...
d, off-screen, by a dog. His fourth film, My Sister My Love (Syskonbädd 1782), from 1966, again starred Bibi Andersson and is based on Tis Pity She's a Whore, a 17th century play by John Ford about incest
Incest
Incest is sexual intercourse between close relatives that is usually illegal in the jurisdiction where it takes place and/or is conventionally considered a taboo. The term may apply to sexual activities between: individuals of close "blood relationship"; members of the same household; step...
between a brother and his twin sister.
His most notorious film, I Am Curious (Yellow)
I Am Curious (Yellow)
I Am Curious is a 1967 Swedish drama film written and directed by Vilgot Sjöman and starring Sjöman and Lena Nyman. It is a companion film to 1968's I Am Curious ; the two were initially intended to be one 3½ hour film...
, was a political film that examined Swedish society from a critical, leftist viewpoint, portraying a young working-class sociology
Sociology
Sociology is the study of society. It is a social science—a term with which it is sometimes synonymous—which uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social activity...
student, played by Lena Nyman
Lena Nyman
Anna Lena Elisabet Nyman was a Swedish film and stage actress.Having had her first film roles in 1955, Nyman had a role in Vilgot Sjöman's 491 and got her breakthrough in his I Am Curious , where she, in pseudo-documentary fashion, played a character of the same name as herself, and its sequel I...
, interviewing people about social classes in Sweden. Filmed in a knowing cinéma vérité
Cinéma vérité
Cinéma vérité is a style of documentary filmmaking, combining naturalistic techniques with stylized cinematic devices of editing and camerawork, staged set-ups, and the use of the camera to provoke subjects. It is also known for taking a provocative stance toward its topics.There are subtle yet...
style, she asks, "Do we have a class system in Sweden?" and receives the reply, "It depends on the people. Undress them, and they're all the same; dress them, and you have a class system." The film also shows the protagonist's affair with a young man, played by Börje Ahlstedt
Börje Ahlstedt
Nils Börje Ahlstedt is a Swedish actor who has worked extensively with the world famous director Ingmar Bergman in films like Fanny and Alexander , The Best Intentions , Sunday's Children and Saraband . Ahlstedt has also worked with the directors Bo Widerberg and Kay Pollak.Börje Ahlstedt was...
, and sparked controversy both in Sweden and abroad because of its nudity
Nudity
Nudity is the state of wearing no clothing. The wearing of clothing is exclusively a human characteristic. The amount of clothing worn depends on functional considerations and social considerations...
and realistic scenes of sexual intercourse
Sexual intercourse
Sexual intercourse, also known as copulation or coitus, commonly refers to the act in which a male's penis enters a female's vagina for the purposes of sexual pleasure or reproduction. The entities may be of opposite sexes, or they may be hermaphroditic, as is the case with snails...
between the two lovers. Norman Mailer
Norman Mailer
Norman Kingsley Mailer was an American novelist, journalist, essayist, poet, playwright, screenwriter, and film director.Along with Truman Capote, Joan Didion, Hunter S...
described it as "one of the most important pictures I have ever seen in my life".
An 11-minute section was cut by the British censor
Censorship
thumb|[[Book burning]] following the [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|1973 coup]] that installed the [[Military government of Chile |Pinochet regime]] in Chile...
, and copies of the film were seized by U.S. Customs in January 1968 as obscene, and banned as pornography
Pornography
Pornography or porn is the explicit portrayal of sexual subject matter for the purposes of sexual arousal and erotic satisfaction.Pornography may use any of a variety of media, ranging from books, magazines, postcards, photos, sculpture, drawing, painting, animation, sound recording, film, video,...
in most of the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. After the US Supreme Court overturned the anti-obscenity ban on First Amendment
First Amendment to the United States Constitution
The First Amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights. The amendment prohibits the making of any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering...
grounds, the film was screened from March 1969 in US venues—one in New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
, and another one in New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. , its population was 8,791,894. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware...
. Also screen in Oklahoma City Oklahoma March 1969. However, its notoriety guaranteed it large audiences, and it became and remained the most successful foreign film in the US for the next 23 years. Its title, and that of the 1968 sequel, I Am Curious (Blue)
I Am Curious (Blue)
I Am Curious is a 1968 Swedish film directed by Vilgot Sjöman and starring Lena Nyman as a character named after herself. It is a companion film to 1967's I Am Curious ; the two were initially intended to be one 3½ hour film...
, refers to the yellow and blue colours of the flag of Sweden
Flag of Sweden
The flag of Sweden is a Scandinavian cross that extends to the edges of the flag. This Scandinavian cross represents Christianity. The design and colours of the Swedish flag are believed to have been inspired by the present Coat of arms of Sweden of 1442, which is blue divided quarterly by a cross...
. It marked a turning point in attitudes to censorship of screen nudity, and was followed by films such as Midnight Cowboy
Midnight Cowboy
Midnight Cowboy is a 1969 American drama film based on the 1965 novel of the same name by James Leo Herlihy. It was written by Waldo Salt, directed by John Schlesinger, and stars Dustin Hoffman and newcomer Jon Voight in the title role. Notable smaller roles are filled by Sylvia Miles, John...
and Last Tango in Paris
Last Tango in Paris
Last Tango in Paris is a 1972 Italian romantic drama film directed by Bernardo Bertolucci which portrays a recent American widower who takes up an anonymous sexual relationship with a young, soon-to-be-married Parisian woman...
.
Sjöman returned to similar themes in later films. He directed Till Sex Do Us Part in 1971, a farce
Farce
In theatre, a farce is a comedy which aims at entertaining the audience by means of unlikely, extravagant, and improbable situations, disguise and mistaken identity, verbal humour of varying degrees of sophistication, which may include word play, and a fast-paced plot whose speed usually increases,...
about a young married couple who believe they will die if they have sex, but most of his later films were less successful. He directed his last film in 1995, a biography of Alfred Nobel
Alfred Nobel
Alfred Bernhard Nobel was a Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer. He is the inventor of dynamite. Nobel also owned Bofors, which he had redirected from its previous role as primarily an iron and steel producer to a major manufacturer of cannon and other armaments...
, inventor, industrialist, and founder of the Nobel Prize
Nobel Prize
The Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
s, entitled Alfred.
He died at age 81 from a cerebral haemorrhage in St. Görans Sjukhus in Stockholm, leaving behind his wife of 37 years and three children.
Shortly after his death, a Swedish appeal court upheld a ruling that Swedish television broadcaster TV4
TV4 AB
TV4 Group is a Swedish media company that owns the largest commercial television channel in Sweden, TV4.Since 2007, the company is fully owned by Bonnier through Nordic Broadcasting Oy...
had damaged his and Claes Eriksson's "artistic integrity" by inserting commercial breaks
Television advertisement
A television advertisement or television commercial, often just commercial, advert, ad, or ad-film – is a span of television programming produced and paid for by an organization that conveys a message, typically one intended to market a product...
into broadcasts of their films without their consent. He had been awarded the Ingmar Bergman Prize in 2003 for pursuing this court case.
Filmography
- The MistressThe Mistress (film)The Mistress is a 1962 Swedish drama film directed by Vilgot Sjöman. It marked Sjöman's directoral debut and was entered into the 13th Berlin International Film Festival where Bibi Andersson won the Silver Bear for Best Actress award...
(Älskarinnan) (1962) - Ingmar Bergman Makes a MovieIngmar Bergman Makes a MovieIngmar Bergman Makes a Movie is a 1963 Swedish documentary film directed by Vilgot Sjöman which depicts the making of Ingmar Bergman's film Winter Light from screenwriting to the film's premiere and critical reaction....
(Ingmar Bergman gör en film) (1963) - The Dress (Klänningen) (1964)
- 491491 (film)491 is a 1964 Swedish black-and-white drama film directed by Vilgot Sjöman, based on a novel by Lars Görling. The story is about a group of youth criminals who are chosen to participate in a social experiment, where they are assigned to live together in an apartment while being supervised by two...
(1964) - Negressen i skåpet (1965) (Short)
- My Sister My Love (Syskonbädd 1782) (1966)
- I Am Curious (Yellow)I Am Curious (Yellow)I Am Curious is a 1967 Swedish drama film written and directed by Vilgot Sjöman and starring Sjöman and Lena Nyman. It is a companion film to 1968's I Am Curious ; the two were initially intended to be one 3½ hour film...
(Jag är nyfiken - gul) (1967) - I Am Curious (Blue)I Am Curious (Blue)I Am Curious is a 1968 Swedish film directed by Vilgot Sjöman and starring Lena Nyman as a character named after herself. It is a companion film to 1967's I Am Curious ; the two were initially intended to be one 3½ hour film...
(Jag är nyfiken - blå) (1968) - You're Lying (Ni ljuger) (1969)
- Journey with Father (Resa med far) (1969) (Short)
- Blushing CharlieBlushing CharlieBlushing Charlie is a 1970 Swedish drama film directed by Vilgot Sjöman. It was entered into the 21st Berlin International Film Festival.-Cast:* Bernt Lundquist - Karl-Inge 'Charlie' Svensson* Solveig Ternström - Pia Bergström* Tomas Bolme - PV...
(Lyckliga skitar) (1970) - Till Sex Do Us Part (Troll) (1971)
- Älskade Jeanette MacDonald! (1972) (Short)
- Bröderna Karlsson (1974)
- A Handful of LoveA Handful of Love (film)A Handful of Love is a 1974 Swedish film directed by Vilgot Sjöman. It was entered into the 24th Berlin International Film Festival.-Cast:* Anita Ekström - Hjördis* Gösta Bredefeldt - Daniel Severin Larsson* Ingrid Thulin - Inez Crona...
(En handfull kärlek) (1974) - The Garage (Garaget) (1975)
- Taboo (Tabu) (1975)
- Linus and the Mysterious Red Brick House (Linus eller Tegelhusets hemlighet) (1979)
- Brevet till Lotta (1979) (Short)
- Lekhagen (1980) (Short)
- I Am Blushing (Jag rodnar) (1981)
- Malacca (1987)
- En flicka kikar i ett fönster (1987)
- Oskuld och sopor (1988)
- The Pitfall (Fallgropen) (1989)
- En ros till Ingemar (1989) (Short)
- Mannen i buren (Short)
- Self Portrait '92 (1992) (Short)
- Alfred (1995)
External links
- Ten Scandinavian Directors - A feature from The Criterion CollectionThe Criterion CollectionThe Criterion Collection is a video-distribution company selling "important classic and contemporary films" to film aficionados. The Criterion series is noted for helping to standardize the letterbox format for home video, bonus features, and special editions...
that includes Vilgot Sjöman - Obituary, The IndependentThe IndependentThe Independent is a British national morning newspaper published in London by Independent Print Limited, owned by Alexander Lebedev since 2010. It is nicknamed the Indy, while the Sunday edition, The Independent on Sunday, is the Sindy. Launched in 1986, it is one of the youngest UK national daily...
, 12 April 2006 - Rotten Tomatoes link to Sjoman films