USATC S100 Class
Encyclopedia
The United States Army Transportation Corps
(USATC) S100 Class is a 0-6-0
steam locomotive
that was designed for switching (shunting) duties in Europe
and North Africa
during World War II
. Several were later used on railways in Austria
, Great Britain
, France
, Greece
, Italy
, Yugoslavia
, Palestine, Iraq
, Iran
, Israel
and China
.
In 1942, the USATC ordered 382 S100s from Davenport Locomotive Works
of Iowa
, H. K. Porter, Inc
, of Pittsburgh
and Vulcan Iron Works
of Wilkes-Barre. They were shipped to Great Britain in 1943 where they were stored until 1944. After D-Day
, they were shipped to Continental Europe
.
bought 77 S100's and designated them class 030TU. Jugoslovenske železnice (Yugoslav State Railways) bought many S100's and designated them class 62
. In the 1950s JŽ assembled more examples bringing the number of class 62 to 129. The Hellenic State Railways
in Greece acquired 20 S100's and designated them class Δα
(Delta-alpha). Österreichische Bundesbahnen in Austria acquired 10 and designated them class 989. Ferrovie dello Stato
in Italy acquired four and designated them class 831.
The Southern Railway (GB)
bought 15 S100's (14 for operational use and one for spare parts) and designated them USA Class
. Other S100's entered British industrial use with the National Coal Board, Longmoor Military Railway
, Austin Motor Company
and others.
China acquired about 20 S100's, designating them class XK2. In 1946, Egyptian State Railways bought eight and numbered them 1151–1158. The UK War Department loaned six to Palestine Railways. in 1946 PR bought two of these, both of which subsequently entered the stock of Israel Railways
in 1948.
Iraqi State Railways bought five, designated them Class SA, and gave them fleet numbers 1211-1215. All five were Davenport-built examples. At least two were still in service in March 1967: 1211 at Basrah
and 1214 as the station pilot at Baghdad West.
by ordering several similar examples from Djuro Djakovic of Slavonski Brod
, Croatia
. These differed in minor details, principally the use of plate frames instead of bar frames, resulting in a higher boiler
pitch. This gives the steam pipes a shoulder instead of being straight, and requires smaller domes with a flatter top to fit JŽ's loading gauge
.
Poland
built several TKh Ferrum locomotives. These have a similar outline but include various differences such as the use of 2 domes instead of 3, driving onto the second axle instead of the third, a different cab, etc.
The British Great Western Railway
(GWR) had used many S100's in South Wales
during the Second World War. The GWR 1500 Class
was partially inspired by the S100 in its use of outside cylinders and short wheelbase
.
s (shunters) at the ArcelorMittal steel plant
in Zenica
, Bosnia-Hercegovina.
but there are also two in China and one in Egypt. Project 62 has an online database of them.
United States Army Transportation Corps
The Transportation Corps was established 31 July 1942 by Executive Order 9082. The Transportation Corps is a combat service support branch of the U.S. Army, and was headquartered at Fort Eustis, Virginia, but has now moved to Fort Lee, Virginia. The Transportation Corps is responsible for the...
(USATC) S100 Class is a 0-6-0
0-6-0
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives, 0-6-0 represents the wheel arrangement of no leading wheels, six powered and coupled driving wheels on three axles, and no trailing wheels...
steam locomotive
Steam locomotive
A steam locomotive is a railway locomotive that produces its power through a steam engine. These locomotives are fueled by burning some combustible material, usually coal, wood or oil, to produce steam in a boiler, which drives the steam engine...
that was designed for switching (shunting) duties in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
and North Africa
North Africa
North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...
during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. Several were later used on railways in Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
, Great Britain
Great Britain
Great Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
, Palestine, Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
, Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
, Israel
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
and China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
.
Wartime development and use
The S100 is a side tank design by Col. Howard G. Hill.In 1942, the USATC ordered 382 S100s from Davenport Locomotive Works
Davenport Locomotive Works
The Davenport Locomotive Works, of Davenport, Iowa, USA built locomotives from 1902 until 1956. The company acquired the locomotive business of H. K...
of Iowa
Iowa
Iowa is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland". It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New...
, H. K. Porter, Inc
H. K. Porter, Inc
H. K. Porter, Inc. manufactured light-duty railroad locomotives in the USA, starting in 1866. The company became the largest producer of industrial locomotives, and built almost eight thousand of them...
, of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh is the second-largest city in the US Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Allegheny County. Regionally, it anchors the largest urban area of Appalachia and the Ohio River Valley, and nationally, it is the 22nd-largest urban area in the United States...
and Vulcan Iron Works
Vulcan Iron Works
Since Vulcan was the Roman god of fire and smithery, the name was an obvious choice for an iron foundry or mechanical engineering works in the nineteenth century, both in England, the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, and in the United States.-England:...
of Wilkes-Barre. They were shipped to Great Britain in 1943 where they were stored until 1944. After D-Day
D-Day
D-Day is a term often used in military parlance to denote the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. "D-Day" often represents a variable, designating the day upon which some significant event will occur or has occurred; see Military designation of days and hours for similar...
, they were shipped to Continental Europe
Continental Europe
Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, is the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands....
.
Use after the Second World War
After the Second World War, SNCFSNCF
The SNCF , is France's national state-owned railway company. SNCF operates the country's national rail services, including the TGV, France's high-speed rail network...
bought 77 S100's and designated them class 030TU. Jugoslovenske železnice (Yugoslav State Railways) bought many S100's and designated them class 62
JŽ Class 62
The Jugoslovenskih Železnica Class 62 was a class formed of 106 ex-United States Army Transportation Corps S100 Class 0-6-0 steam locomotives, surplus after the Second World War, plus about 90 similar examples built by Djuro Djakovic of Slavonski Brod, Croatia between 1952 and 1961.These...
. In the 1950s JŽ assembled more examples bringing the number of class 62 to 129. The Hellenic State Railways
Hellenic State Railways
Hellenic State Railways or SEK was a Greek public sector entity which was established in 1920 and operated most Greek railway lines until 1970.-History:...
in Greece acquired 20 S100's and designated them class Δα
SEK Class Δα
SEK Class Δα was a class of twenty 0-6-0T steam locomotives of the Hellenic State Railways in Greece. These were ex-United States Army Transportation Corps S100 Class. They were delivered to SEK in 1946-1947 and were numbered Δα51-70. Two of these locomotives still survive and are undergoing...
(Delta-alpha). Österreichische Bundesbahnen in Austria acquired 10 and designated them class 989. Ferrovie dello Stato
Ferrovie dello Stato
Ferrovie dello Stato is a government-owned holding which manage infrastructure and service on the Italian rail network. The subsidiary Trenitalia is the main rail operator in Italy.-Organization:Ferrovie dello Stato subsidiaries are:...
in Italy acquired four and designated them class 831.
The Southern Railway (GB)
Southern Railway (Great Britain)
The Southern Railway was a British railway company established in the 1923 Grouping. It linked London with the Channel ports, South West England, South coast resorts and Kent...
bought 15 S100's (14 for operational use and one for spare parts) and designated them USA Class
SR USA Class
The SR USA class were ex-United States Army Transportation Corps S100 Class steam locomotives purchased by the Southern Railway after the end of the Second World War.- Construction history :...
. Other S100's entered British industrial use with the National Coal Board, Longmoor Military Railway
Longmoor Military Railway
The Longmoor Military Railway was a British military railway in Hampshire, built by the Royal Engineers from 1903 in order to train soldiers on railway construction and operations.-Route:...
, Austin Motor Company
Austin Motor Company
The Austin Motor Company was a British manufacturer of automobiles. The company was founded in 1905 and merged in 1952 into the British Motor Corporation Ltd. The marque Austin was used until 1987...
and others.
China acquired about 20 S100's, designating them class XK2. In 1946, Egyptian State Railways bought eight and numbered them 1151–1158. The UK War Department loaned six to Palestine Railways. in 1946 PR bought two of these, both of which subsequently entered the stock of Israel Railways
Israel Railways
Israel Railways is the principal passenger railway operating company in Israel, and is responsible for all inter-city and suburban rail way passenger and freight traffic in the country. All its lines are standard gauge. The network is centered in Israel's densely populated coastal plain, from...
in 1948.
Iraqi State Railways bought five, designated them Class SA, and gave them fleet numbers 1211-1215. All five were Davenport-built examples. At least two were still in service in March 1967: 1211 at Basrah
Al Maqal Railway Station
Al Maqal Railway Station is the main train station in Basrah. It links the rail network of the south to Baghdad and the north of Iraq....
and 1214 as the station pilot at Baghdad West.
Post-war design influence
Several European railways produced designs based on the S100. JŽ added to their Class 62JŽ Class 62
The Jugoslovenskih Železnica Class 62 was a class formed of 106 ex-United States Army Transportation Corps S100 Class 0-6-0 steam locomotives, surplus after the Second World War, plus about 90 similar examples built by Djuro Djakovic of Slavonski Brod, Croatia between 1952 and 1961.These...
by ordering several similar examples from Djuro Djakovic of Slavonski Brod
Slavonski Brod
Slavonski Brod is a city in Croatia, with a population of 59,507 in 2011. The city was known as Marsonia in the Roman Empire, and as Brod na Savi 1244–1934. It is the sixth largest city in Croatia, after Zagreb, Split, Rijeka, Osijek and Zadar. Located in the region of Slavonia, it is the...
, Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
. These differed in minor details, principally the use of plate frames instead of bar frames, resulting in a higher boiler
Fire-tube boiler
A fire-tube boiler is a type of boiler in which hot gases from a fire pass through one or more tubes running through a sealed container of water...
pitch. This gives the steam pipes a shoulder instead of being straight, and requires smaller domes with a flatter top to fit JŽ's loading gauge
Loading gauge
A loading gauge defines the maximum height and width for railway vehicles and their loads to ensure safe passage through bridges, tunnels and other structures...
.
Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
built several TKh Ferrum locomotives. These have a similar outline but include various differences such as the use of 2 domes instead of 3, driving onto the second axle instead of the third, a different cab, etc.
The British Great Western Railway
Great Western Railway
The Great Western Railway was a British railway company that linked London with the south-west and west of England and most of Wales. It was founded in 1833, received its enabling Act of Parliament in 1835 and ran its first trains in 1838...
(GWR) had used many S100's in South Wales
South Wales
South Wales is an area of Wales bordered by England and the Bristol Channel to the east and south, and Mid Wales and West Wales to the north and west. The most densely populated region in the south-west of the United Kingdom, it is home to around 2.1 million people and includes the capital city of...
during the Second World War. The GWR 1500 Class
GWR 1500 Class
The Great Western Railway 1500 Class is a class of 0-6-0 pannier tank steam locomotive. Despite being a GWR design, all ten were built by the Western Region of British Railways in 1949.-Overview:...
was partially inspired by the S100 in its use of outside cylinders and short wheelbase
Wheelbase
In both road and rail vehicles, the wheelbase is the distance between the centers of the front and rear wheels.- Road :In automobiles, the wheelbase is the horizontal distance between the center of the front wheel and the center of the rear wheel...
.
Continuing commercial use
A small number of former JŽ 62's remain in commercial service, more than 65 years after they were built. At least two work as switcherSwitcher
A switcher or shunter is a small railroad locomotive intended not for moving trains over long distances but rather for assembling trains ready for a road locomotive to take over, disassembling a train that has been...
s (shunters) at the ArcelorMittal steel plant
Steel mill
A steel mill or steelworks is an industrial plant for the manufacture of steel.Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. It is produced in a two-stage process. First, iron ore is reduced or smelted with coke and limestone in a blast furnace, producing molten iron which is either cast into pig iron or...
in Zenica
Zenica
Zenica is an industrial city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the capital of the Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity...
, Bosnia-Hercegovina.
Survival and preservation
More than 100 S100s survive: either preserved, stored or derelict. Most are in Europe or North AmericaNorth America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
but there are also two in China and one in Egypt. Project 62 has an online database of them.