Salenstein
Encyclopedia
Salenstein is a municipality
in Kreuzlingen District in the canton
of Thurgau
in Switzerland
.
Salenstein was the home village of Napoleon III, who lived at Castle Arenenberg in his youth.
period (750-450 BC) have been discovered. The modern village of Salenstein is first mentioned in 1092 as Salestein. In the 11th Century, Salenstein Castle was built as a seat for the Ministerialis
(unfree knights in the service of a feudal overlord) officials of Reichenau Abbey. The smaller castles of Sandegg and Riederen were added to provide further housing for the officials. The land rights, Herrschaft
rights and the low court
rights were all held by the Abbey. In 1401, the noble Clare of Breitenstein, founded a Béguinage
house in the Götschen woods, which was known as Blümlistobel. At some time before 1520 the Augustinian rule was introduced at the house. In 1534 a fire destroyed Blümlistobel house and it was rebuilt 1537. The last sister lived there until 1545, when she moved to Reichenau Abbey.
In the early modern period
the villages incurred a massive debt. Mannenbach and Salenstein had to seek credit several times and 1573 they had to use their common forest
as collateral
for a loan.
A mild climate allows the production of wine
, cherries and gardens. In 1750, a cottage industry of weavers and knitters developed. In 1817 the ex-Queen Hortense de Beauharnais
of Holland acquired Arenenberg Castle for a residence while she was in exile. This resulted in additional job opportunities for the residents of the village. After periods of stagnation Salenstein began to grow again after 1950. It has one of the lowest tax rates of any municipality in Thurgau.
Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 8.3% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 0.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.2%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 4.1%. Out of the forested land, 48.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 28.0% is used for growing crops, while 7.2% is used for orchards or vine crops.
The municipality is located in Kreuzlingen District, on a terrace in the Seerücken hills between Berlingen
and Ermatingen
. It consists of the village of Salenstein and the hamlets
of Fruthwilen and Mannenbach.
(94.8%), with Portuguese
being second most common ( 1.0%) and Albanian
being third ( 0.9%).
, the gender distribution of the population was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. The population was made up of 461 Swiss men (37.3% of the population), and 152 (12.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 494 Swiss women (39.9%), and 130 (10.5%) non-Swiss women. In there were 9 live births to Swiss citizens and births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 10 deaths of Swiss citizens and 1 non-Swiss citizen death. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 1 while the foreign population decreased by 1. There were 11 non-Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 8 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources) was a decrease of 11 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 17 people. This represents a population growth rate of 0.5%.
The age distribution, , in Salenstein is; 110 children or 8.8% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 106 teenagers or 8.4% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 126 people or 10.0% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 139 people or 11.1% are between 30 and 39, 253 people or 20.1% are between 40 and 49, and 218 people or 17.4% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 164 people or 13.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 83 people or 6.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 45 people or 3.6% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 12 people or 1.0% who are 90 and older.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.48 which is less people per room than the cantonal average of 0.56 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 58.5% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 487 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. there were 251 single family homes (or 78.4% of the total) out of a total of 320 inhabited buildings. There were 38 two family buildings (11.9%), 13 three family buildings (4.1%) and 18 multi-family buildings (or 5.6%). There were 341 (or 30.8%) persons who were part of a couple without children, and 500 (or 45.1%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 54 (or 4.9%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 11 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 4 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 8 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 28 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 3.16%. , the construction rate of new housing units was 10.6 new units per 1000 residents.
there were 602 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the four-room apartment of which there were 157. There were 30 single-room apartments and 133 apartments with six or more rooms. the average price to rent an average apartment in Salenstein was 1228.12 Swiss franc
s (CHF) per month (US$980, £550, €790 approx. exchange rate from 2000). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 639.30 CHF (US$510, £290, €410), a two-room apartment was about 848.61 CHF (US$680, £380, €540), a three room apartment was about 1069.35 CHF (US$860, £480, €680) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1805.63 CHF (US$1440, £810, €1160). The average apartment price in Salenstein was 110.% of the national average of 1116 CHF.
In the 2007 federal election
the most popular party was the SVP
which received 47.36% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
(13.41%), the FDP
(12.83%) and the SP
(11.18%). In the federal election, a total of 444 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
was 54.4%.
The historical population is given in the following table:
(with chapel and Napoleon Museum), Eugensberg
and Louisenberg
as well as the pilgrimage
chapel of St. Aloysius in Mannenbach on Louisenbergstrasse 14 that are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance
. The villages of Salenstein and Mannenbach and the Untersee region (including Ermatingen, Gottlieben
, Kreuzlingen
, Salenstein and Tägerwilen
) are designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
.
Arenenberg Castle was built in the early 16th century by the mayor of Constance
(1546–1548) Sebastian Geissberg. The estate saw a number of owners. In 1817, Johann Baptist von Streng sold it to the exiled Hortense de Beauharnais, the daughter of ex-Empress Joséphine
, for 30,000 guilders. As arranged by Napoleon, Hortense had to marry his brother Louis Bonaparte
, and the couple were named King and Queen of the Netherlands
(1806 to 1810). The royal couple not only suffered with the demise of the rule of Napoleon, but also had an unhappy marriage leading to a separation. Hortense initiated reconstructions and renovations in an attempt to recreate the atmosphere of Malmaison
. The surrounding park was possibly designed by Louis-Martin Berthault. In 1818 she moved in. Her brother, Eugène de Beauharnais
, bought the nearby Sandegg Castle and built a villa close by.
While Hortense initially spent time at her house in Augsburg
, Arenenberg soon became her main domicile. At her Parisian-styled salon
she entertained many luminaries. Her son Louis Napoléon, the future emperor Napoléon III, who had attended school in Augsburg, visited Arenenberg as a teenager; there he was further educated and then attended the Swiss military academy at Thun
, receiving Swiss citizenship. In 1837, while he was exiled and living in New York City
, Louis Napoleon received notice of his mother's deteriorating health and returned to Arenenberg. Hortense died on 5 October 1837. After mourning, Louis Napoleon had to leave Switzerland, due to French pressure, and moved to London. In 1843, in need of money to finance his aspirations, he sold the property to Heinrich Keller. Once he was emperor, his empress Eugénie
bought it back in 1855. Further renovations were made between 1855 and 1874.
After Napoleon III's death, Eugénie visited Arenenberg several times before she donated it in 1906 to the Canton Thurgau.
there were 773 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 373 or about 48.3% of the residents worked outside Salenstein while 135 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 535 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 6.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 52.7% used a private car.
. Of the rest of the population, there is 1 individual who belongs to the Orthodox Church, and there are 16 individuals (or about 1.44% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There were 20 (or about 1.81% of the population) who are Islam
ic. There are 6 individuals (or about 0.54% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 140 (or about 12.64% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic
or atheist
, and 35 individuals (or about 3.16% of the population) did not answer the question.
).
Salenstein is home to the Salenstein combined municipal and primary school district. In the 2008/2009 school year there are 66 students. There are 16 children in the kindergarten
, and the average class size is 16 kindergartners. Of the children in kindergarten, 8 or 50.0% are female, 5 or 31.3% are not Swiss citizens. The lower and upper primary levels begin at about age 5-6 and lasts for 6 years. There are 26 children in who are at the lower primary level and 24 children in the upper primary level. The average class size in the primary school is 16.67 students. At the lower primary level, there are 18 children or 69.2% of the total population who are female and 5 or 19.2% are not Swiss citizens. In the upper primary level, there are 11 or 45.8% who are female and 3 or 12.5% are not Swiss citizens.
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...
in Kreuzlingen District in the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...
of Thurgau
Thurgau
Thurgau is a northeast canton of Switzerland. The population, , is . In 2007, there were a total of 47,390 who were resident foreigners. The capital is Frauenfeld.-History:...
in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
.
Salenstein was the home village of Napoleon III, who lived at Castle Arenenberg in his youth.
History
In the Eichholz area near Salenstein, burial mounds from the late HallstattHallstatt culture
The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Central European culture from the 8th to 6th centuries BC , developing out of the Urnfield culture of the 12th century BC and followed in much of Central Europe by the La Tène culture.By the 6th century BC, the Hallstatt culture extended for some...
period (750-450 BC) have been discovered. The modern village of Salenstein is first mentioned in 1092 as Salestein. In the 11th Century, Salenstein Castle was built as a seat for the Ministerialis
Ministerialis
Ministerialis ; a post-classical Latin word, used in English, meaning originally servitor, agent, in a broad range of senses...
(unfree knights in the service of a feudal overlord) officials of Reichenau Abbey. The smaller castles of Sandegg and Riederen were added to provide further housing for the officials. The land rights, Herrschaft
Herrschaft (territory)
In the German feudal system, a Herrschaft or Herrlichkeit was the fiefdom of a lord, who in this area exercised his full feudal rights...
rights and the low court
High, middle and low justice
High, middle and low justices are notions dating from Western feudalism to indicate descending degrees of judiciary power to administer justice by the maximal punishment the holders could inflict upon their subjects and other dependents....
rights were all held by the Abbey. In 1401, the noble Clare of Breitenstein, founded a Béguinage
Béguinage
A béguinage or begijnhof is a collection of small buildings used by Beguines. These were various lay sisterhoods of the Roman Catholic Church, founded in the 13th century in the Low Countries, comprising religious women who sought to serve God without retiring from the world.-Description:A...
house in the Götschen woods, which was known as Blümlistobel. At some time before 1520 the Augustinian rule was introduced at the house. In 1534 a fire destroyed Blümlistobel house and it was rebuilt 1537. The last sister lived there until 1545, when she moved to Reichenau Abbey.
In the early modern period
Early Modern Switzerland
The early modern history of the Old Swiss Confederacy , lasting from formal independence in 1648 to the French invasion of 1798 came to be referred as Ancien Régime retrospectively, in post-Napoleonic Switzerland.The early modern period was characterized by an increasingly...
the villages incurred a massive debt. Mannenbach and Salenstein had to seek credit several times and 1573 they had to use their common forest
The commons
The commons is terminology referring to resources that are owned in common or shared between or among communities populations. These resources are said to be "held in common" and can include everything from natural resources and common land to software. The commons contains public property and...
as collateral
Collateral (finance)
In lending agreements, collateral is a borrower's pledge of specific property to a lender, to secure repayment of a loan.The collateral serves as protection for a lender against a borrower's default - that is, any borrower failing to pay the principal and interest under the terms of a loan obligation...
for a loan.
A mild climate allows the production of wine
Wine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage, made of fermented fruit juice, usually from grapes. The natural chemical balance of grapes lets them ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, or other nutrients. Grape wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast...
, cherries and gardens. In 1750, a cottage industry of weavers and knitters developed. In 1817 the ex-Queen Hortense de Beauharnais
Hortense de Beauharnais
Hortense Eugénie Cécile Bonaparte , Queen Consort of Holland, was the stepdaughter of Emperor Napoleon I, being the daughter of his first wife, Joséphine de Beauharnais. She later became the wife of the former's brother, Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland, and the mother of Napoleon III, Emperor of...
of Holland acquired Arenenberg Castle for a residence while she was in exile. This resulted in additional job opportunities for the residents of the village. After periods of stagnation Salenstein began to grow again after 1950. It has one of the lowest tax rates of any municipality in Thurgau.
Geography
Salenstein has an area, , of 6.54 square kilometres (2.5 sq mi). Of this area, 2.3 km² (0.888034964762831 sq mi) or 35.2% is used for agricultural purposes, while 3.31 km² (1.3 sq mi) or 50.6% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.89 km² (0.343630921147356 sq mi) or 13.6% is settled (buildings or roads).Of the built up area, industrial buildings made up 8.3% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 0.2% and transportation infrastructure made up 0.2%. while parks, green belts and sports fields made up 4.1%. Out of the forested land, 48.5% of the total land area is heavily forested and 2.1% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 28.0% is used for growing crops, while 7.2% is used for orchards or vine crops.
The municipality is located in Kreuzlingen District, on a terrace in the Seerücken hills between Berlingen
Berlingen
Berlingen may refer to the following places:*Berlingen, Switzerland, in the canton of Thurgau, Switzerland*Berlingen, Germany, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany...
and Ermatingen
Ermatingen
Ermatingen is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.-History:The Stone Age Westerfeld and Büge shoreline settlements were discovered in 1861 and studied extensively 1981-83, with finds from the Pfyn, Horgen and Corded Ware cultures An Alamanni...
. It consists of the village of Salenstein and the hamlets
Hamlet (place)
A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...
of Fruthwilen and Mannenbach.
Demographics
Salenstein has a population of , 22.8% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 17.7%. Most of the population speaks GermanGerman language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
(94.8%), with Portuguese
Portuguese language
Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...
being second most common ( 1.0%) and Albanian
Albanian language
Albanian is an Indo-European language spoken by approximately 7.6 million people, primarily in Albania and Kosovo but also in other areas of the Balkans in which there is an Albanian population, including western Macedonia, southern Montenegro, southern Serbia and northwestern Greece...
being third ( 0.9%).
, the gender distribution of the population was 49.6% male and 50.4% female. The population was made up of 461 Swiss men (37.3% of the population), and 152 (12.3%) non-Swiss men. There were 494 Swiss women (39.9%), and 130 (10.5%) non-Swiss women. In there were 9 live births to Swiss citizens and births to non-Swiss citizens, and in same time span there were 10 deaths of Swiss citizens and 1 non-Swiss citizen death. Ignoring immigration and emigration, the population of Swiss citizens decreased by 1 while the foreign population decreased by 1. There were 11 non-Swiss men who emigrated from Switzerland to another country and 8 non-Swiss women who emigrated from Switzerland to another country. The total Swiss population change in 2008 (from all sources) was a decrease of 11 and the non-Swiss population change was an increase of 17 people. This represents a population growth rate of 0.5%.
The age distribution, , in Salenstein is; 110 children or 8.8% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 106 teenagers or 8.4% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 126 people or 10.0% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 139 people or 11.1% are between 30 and 39, 253 people or 20.1% are between 40 and 49, and 218 people or 17.4% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 164 people or 13.1% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 83 people or 6.6% are between 70 and 79, there are 45 people or 3.6% who are between 80 and 89, and there are 12 people or 1.0% who are 90 and older.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.48 which is less people per room than the cantonal average of 0.56 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 58.5% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
Mortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 487 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.2 persons per household. there were 251 single family homes (or 78.4% of the total) out of a total of 320 inhabited buildings. There were 38 two family buildings (11.9%), 13 three family buildings (4.1%) and 18 multi-family buildings (or 5.6%). There were 341 (or 30.8%) persons who were part of a couple without children, and 500 (or 45.1%) who were part of a couple with children. There were 54 (or 4.9%) people who lived in single parent home, while there are 11 persons who were adult children living with one or both parents, 4 persons who lived in a household made up of relatives, 8 who lived in a household made up of unrelated persons, and 28 who are either institutionalized or live in another type of collective housing. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 3.16%. , the construction rate of new housing units was 10.6 new units per 1000 residents.
there were 602 apartments in the municipality. The most common apartment size was the four-room apartment of which there were 157. There were 30 single-room apartments and 133 apartments with six or more rooms. the average price to rent an average apartment in Salenstein was 1228.12 Swiss franc
Swiss franc
The franc is the currency and legal tender of Switzerland and Liechtenstein; it is also legal tender in the Italian exclave Campione d'Italia. Although not formally legal tender in the German exclave Büsingen , it is in wide daily use there...
s (CHF) per month (US$980, £550, €790 approx. exchange rate from 2000). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 639.30 CHF (US$510, £290, €410), a two-room apartment was about 848.61 CHF (US$680, £380, €540), a three room apartment was about 1069.35 CHF (US$860, £480, €680) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 1805.63 CHF (US$1440, £810, €1160). The average apartment price in Salenstein was 110.% of the national average of 1116 CHF.
In the 2007 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...
the most popular party was the SVP
Swiss People's Party
The Swiss People's Party , also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre , is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Toni Brunner, but spearheaded by Christoph Blocher, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 58 members of the National Council and 6 of...
which received 47.36% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...
(13.41%), the FDP
Free Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Free Democratic Party was a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It was one of the major parties in Switzerland until its merger with the smaller classical liberal Liberal Party, to form FDP.The Liberals on 1 January 2009....
(12.83%) and the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
(11.18%). In the federal election, a total of 444 votes were cast, and the voter turnout
Voter turnout
Voter turnout is the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election . After increasing for many decades, there has been a trend of decreasing voter turnout in most established democracies since the 1960s...
was 54.4%.
The historical population is given in the following table:
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1850 | 890 |
| 1860 | 857 |
| 1870 | 864 |
| 1880 | 801 |
| 1890 | 786 |
| 1900 | 782 |
| 1950 | 850 |
| 1960 | 921 |
| 1980 | 882 |
| 1990 | 986 |
| 2000 | 1,108 |
Heritage sites of national significance
There are three castles; ArenenbergArenenberg
Arenenberg is an estate with a small chateau, Schloss Arenenberg, in the municipality of Salenstein at the shore of Lake Constance in Thurgau, Switzerland that is famous as the final domicile of Hortense de Beauharnais. Today it houses the Napoleonmuseum...
(with chapel and Napoleon Museum), Eugensberg
Eugensberg Castle
Eugensberg Castle is a castle in the municipality of Salenstein of the Canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.-References:...
and Louisenberg
Louisenberg Castle
Louisenberg Castle is a castle in the municipality of Salenstein of the Canton of Thurgau in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.-References:...
as well as the pilgrimage
Pilgrimage
A pilgrimage is a journey or search of great moral or spiritual significance. Typically, it is a journey to a shrine or other location of importance to a person's beliefs and faith...
chapel of St. Aloysius in Mannenbach on Louisenbergstrasse 14 that are listed as Swiss heritage sites of national significance
Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance is a register of some 8,300 items of cultural property in Switzerland...
. The villages of Salenstein and Mannenbach and the Untersee region (including Ermatingen, Gottlieben
Gottlieben
Gottlieben is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.-History:Gottlieben is first mentioned around the end of the 10th Century as Gotiliubon. It was originally part of the land owned by the Bishop of Constance. In 1251, Eberhard von Waldburg built a...
, Kreuzlingen
Kreuzlingen
Kreuzlingen is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in north-eastern Switzerland. It is the seat of the district and is the second largest city of the canton, after Frauenfeld, with a population of over 18,000...
, Salenstein and Tägerwilen
Tägerwilen
Tägerwilen is a municipality in the district of Kreuzlingen in the canton of Thurgau in Switzerland.-Geography:Tägerwilen has an area, , of . Of this area, or 47.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 37.4% is forested...
) are designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
The Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites is part of a 1981 Ordinance of the Swiss Federal Council implementing the Federal Law on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage.-Sites of national importance:-Types:...
.
Arenenberg Castle was built in the early 16th century by the mayor of Constance
Constance
Constance is a female given name that derives from Latin and means "constant." Variations of the name include Connie, Constancia, Constanze, Constanza, Stanzy, and Konstanze.Constance may refer to:-People:*Constance Bennett , American actress...
(1546–1548) Sebastian Geissberg. The estate saw a number of owners. In 1817, Johann Baptist von Streng sold it to the exiled Hortense de Beauharnais, the daughter of ex-Empress Joséphine
Joséphine de Beauharnais
Joséphine de Beauharnais was the first wife of Napoléon Bonaparte, and thus the first Empress of the French. Her first husband Alexandre de Beauharnais had been guillotined during the Reign of Terror, and she had been imprisoned in the Carmes prison until her release five days after Alexandre's...
, for 30,000 guilders. As arranged by Napoleon, Hortense had to marry his brother Louis Bonaparte
Louis Bonaparte
Louis Napoléon Bonaparte, Prince Français, Comte de Saint-Leu , King of Holland , was the fifth surviving child and the fourth surviving son of Carlo Buonaparte and Letizia Ramolino...
, and the couple were named King and Queen of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands
The Kingdom of the Netherlands is a sovereign state and constitutional monarchy with territory in Western Europe and in the Caribbean. The four parts of the Kingdom—Aruba, Curaçao, the Netherlands, and Sint Maarten—are referred to as "countries", and participate on a basis of equality...
(1806 to 1810). The royal couple not only suffered with the demise of the rule of Napoleon, but also had an unhappy marriage leading to a separation. Hortense initiated reconstructions and renovations in an attempt to recreate the atmosphere of Malmaison
Château de Malmaison
The Château de Malmaison is a country house in the city of Rueil-Malmaison about 12 km from Paris.It was formerly the residence of Joséphine de Beauharnais, and with the Tuileries, was from 1800 to 1802 the headquarters of the French government.-History:Joséphine de Beauharnais bought the...
. The surrounding park was possibly designed by Louis-Martin Berthault. In 1818 she moved in. Her brother, Eugène de Beauharnais
Eugène de Beauharnais
Eugène Rose de Beauharnais, Prince Français, Prince of Venice, Viceroy of the Kingdom of Italy, Hereditary Grand Duke of Frankfurt, 1st Duke of Leuchtenberg and 1st Prince of Eichstätt ad personam was the first child and only son of Alexandre, Vicomte de Beauharnais and Joséphine Tascher de la...
, bought the nearby Sandegg Castle and built a villa close by.
While Hortense initially spent time at her house in Augsburg
Augsburg
Augsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a...
, Arenenberg soon became her main domicile. At her Parisian-styled salon
Salon (gathering)
A salon is a gathering of people under the roof of an inspiring host, held partly to amuse one another and partly to refine taste and increase their knowledge of the participants through conversation. These gatherings often consciously followed Horace's definition of the aims of poetry, "either to...
she entertained many luminaries. Her son Louis Napoléon, the future emperor Napoléon III, who had attended school in Augsburg, visited Arenenberg as a teenager; there he was further educated and then attended the Swiss military academy at Thun
Thun
Thun is a municipality in the administrative district of Thun in the canton of Bern in Switzerland with about 42,136 inhabitants , as of 1 January 2006....
, receiving Swiss citizenship. In 1837, while he was exiled and living in New York City
New York City
New York is the most populous city in the United States and the center of the New York Metropolitan Area, one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world. New York exerts a significant impact upon global commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and...
, Louis Napoleon received notice of his mother's deteriorating health and returned to Arenenberg. Hortense died on 5 October 1837. After mourning, Louis Napoleon had to leave Switzerland, due to French pressure, and moved to London. In 1843, in need of money to finance his aspirations, he sold the property to Heinrich Keller. Once he was emperor, his empress Eugénie
Eugénie de Montijo
Doña María Eugenia Ignacia Augustina de Palafox-Portocarrero de Guzmán y Kirkpatrick, 16th Countess of Teba and 15th Marquise of Ardales; 5 May 1826 – 11 July 1920), known as Eugénie de Montijo , was the last Empress consort of the French from 1853 to 1871 as the wife of Napoleon III, Emperor of...
bought it back in 1855. Further renovations were made between 1855 and 1874.
After Napoleon III's death, Eugénie visited Arenenberg several times before she donated it in 1906 to the Canton Thurgau.
Economy
, Salenstein had an unemployment rate of 1.49%. , there were 49 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 16 businesses involved in this sector. 67 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 16 businesses in this sector. 215 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 46 businesses in this sector.there were 773 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 373 or about 48.3% of the residents worked outside Salenstein while 135 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 535 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 6.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 52.7% used a private car.
Religion
From the , 318 or 28.7% were Roman Catholic, while 572 or 51.6% belonged to the Swiss Reformed ChurchSwiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...
. Of the rest of the population, there is 1 individual who belongs to the Orthodox Church, and there are 16 individuals (or about 1.44% of the population) who belong to another Christian church. There were 20 (or about 1.81% of the population) who are Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
ic. There are 6 individuals (or about 0.54% of the population) who belong to another church (not listed on the census), 140 (or about 12.64% of the population) belong to no church, are agnostic
Agnosticism
Agnosticism is the view that the truth value of certain claims—especially claims about the existence or non-existence of any deity, but also other religious and metaphysical claims—is unknown or unknowable....
or atheist
Atheism
Atheism is, in a broad sense, the rejection of belief in the existence of deities. In a narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities...
, and 35 individuals (or about 3.16% of the population) did not answer the question.
Education
In Salenstein about 83.6% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a FachhochschuleFachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...
).
Salenstein is home to the Salenstein combined municipal and primary school district. In the 2008/2009 school year there are 66 students. There are 16 children in the kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...
, and the average class size is 16 kindergartners. Of the children in kindergarten, 8 or 50.0% are female, 5 or 31.3% are not Swiss citizens. The lower and upper primary levels begin at about age 5-6 and lasts for 6 years. There are 26 children in who are at the lower primary level and 24 children in the upper primary level. The average class size in the primary school is 16.67 students. At the lower primary level, there are 18 children or 69.2% of the total population who are female and 5 or 19.2% are not Swiss citizens. In the upper primary level, there are 11 or 45.8% who are female and 3 or 12.5% are not Swiss citizens.