Norman Toponymy
Encyclopedia
Norman Toponymy refers to all place-names in Normandy
. Some belong to the common heritage of the Langue d'oïl extension zone in northern France and Belgium; this is called Pre-Normanic. Others contains Old Norse
and Old English male names and toponymic appellatives. They intermingle with romance male names and place-name elements to create a very specific substratum
typical of Normandy within the extension zone of the Langue d'oïl. These are sometimes called Normanic.
. All of them follow the Late Latin phonetic changes that lead to Langue d'oïl.
- Rouen
< Rotomagus, sometimes Ratómagos or Ratumacos (on the coins of the Veliocassi tribe). It can be roto-, the word for 'wheel' or 'race', cf. Old Irish roth 'wheel' 'race' or Welsh rhod 'wheel' 'race'. Magos is surer here : 'field', 'plain' or later 'market' cf. Old Irish mag (gen. maige) 'field' 'plain', Old Breton ma 'place'. The whole thing could mean 'hippodrome', 'racecourse' or 'wheel market'.
- Caen
< Catumagus. From Old Celtic catu- 'battle' 'fight' 'combat', Old Irish cath (gen. catho) 'combat' 'batalion' 'troop', Breton -kad /-gad, Welsh cad 'combat' 'troop'. The general meaning could be 'battlefield'
- Carentan
< Carentomagus
- Vernon
< Vernomagus 'plain of the alder-trees'. uernā 'alder-tree', Old Irish fern, Breton, Welsh gwern, dial. French verne / vergne.
In the following examples the original Gaulish toponym was replaced by the name of the tribe according to a well-known process in the Late Empire.
- Bayeux
< (Civitas
) Bajocassensis; former Augustodurum. 'forum
dedicated to Augustus
- Evreux
< (Civitas) Eburovicensis ; former Mediolanum
- Lisieux
< (Civitas) Lexoviensis ; former Noviomagus 'new market', Old Celtic noviios 'new'.
- Avranches
< (Civitas) Abrincatii ; former Ingena or Legedia
There are exceptions :
- Coutances
< Constantia (dedicated to Emperor Constantius Chlorus
) / Cosedia
- Lillebonne
< Juliobona (dedicated to Julius
(Caesar) of a bona, Old Celtic bona 'foundation' or 'spring'. See Ratisbona or Vindobona
)
Some of these disappear to be later replaced by Normanic names such as Coriovallum / Cherbourg or Caracotinum / Harfleur
. It shows that the old inhabitants who used it were expelled or flew away and were replaced by newcomers, or that they became only a small minority.
In other cases, we do not know the Pre-Normanic names of Honfleur
or Dieppe
for instance.
in northern France is -acum (written -acum or -aco in the Medieval Latin
documents, but pronounced in vulgar Latin -acu) that means 'place of', 'property'. Its origin is Celtic *-āko (compare Breton -eg, Welsh -og, Irish -ach, same thing).
The result of its evolution and way of spelling can be -ay, -ai, -ey, -é or -y in northern France and Belgium. We can find all of them in Normandy.
The preceeding element is sometimes another Celtic substantive, which cannot always be clearly identified or translated, because Old Celtic is ill-known. There are common archetypes like :
- Gournay (*GORNACU < *Gornāko-, Gaulish gorn 'water tank' [?] > French gord [?]),
- Bernay (*BRINNACU < *Brinnāko- / *Brennāko-, Gaulish *brinn- / *brenn- 'wet place' [?], 'marsh' [?], dial. French bren / brin 'dirty thing'),
- Cernay (*SARNACU < *(I)sarnāko-, Gaulish isarnon 'iron' cf. Old Irish íarnn, Breton houarn, 'iron'),
- Andilly (< *ANDALIACU cf. Andely
: Andelagum 830 < *Andalāko- Gaulish *andal 'whirlpool' [?], hydronym : stream Andelle
, river Andelsbach. cf. Old Occitan andalhon 'to-and-fro motion of the water').
These exist everywhere in the Langue d'oïl extension area. In other regions of France and countries of Europe, they can exist with another phonetics.
Another, generally later, series is composed of masuline names that can be Gaulish (Celtic) or Latin (but the owner is a Celt with a Roman name), for example : Massy (*MASSIACU with Mascius, Gaulish name), Marcilly (*MARCELLIACU with Marcellus, Roman name), Fleury (*FLORIACU with Florius, Roman name), Montigny (*MONTANIACU with Montanius, Roman name), etc.
However, the latest -acum formations are combined with a Christian or a Germanic masculine name : Repentigny (*REPENTINIACU with Repentinius, Christian name). The most common -acum place-name in Normandy is Glatigny (More than 40 Glatigny, Glatiney, from *GLATTINIACU, Germanic name *Glatto). In the late creation, it is more difficult to make the difference between the suffix and the root : *GLATTINIACU can be interpreted as *Glattini-acu or as *Glatt-iniacu, because *-INIACU became finally a suffix.
, but began only to extend about 100 years after the fall of the Roman Empire
in the 6th century AD. In this Province, it is sometimes quite difficult to know if these place name formations are Pre-Normanic or Normanic, because of the similarities between the earlier creations and the later creations.
The main romance appellatives are the following :
(Bodardi villa 715) 'Bodard's farm', Harcourt
(Normannus de Herolcurt 1030 - 1035) 'Herulf's farm', Attemesnil
(Ademesnil 1260) 'Adda's property', etc. It is called formula A. Less than 1/3 of France is entirely contained in the formula A extension area (the north).
The word order in Vulgar Latin is the opposite (the same evolution as in Celtic). Romance appellative + adjective, determining name or person's name is the dominating formula in the Occitan French toponymy and in western France. It is called formula B. Instead of Neuville, we find Villeneuve further to the south, that can be a translation from Occitan Vielanova too, or sometimes a modern name. The same for Neuchâtel, Neufchâtel, Neufchâteau 'new castle', further to the south Châteauneuf, Châtelneuf, can also be a translation of Castelnau (Occitan). In Normandy, the only pays to be included totally in formula B zone is Avranchin (southwest).
However, these comments need to be qualified : -ville (as second element) extended outside the formula A zone to Avranchin, to Beauce
and to the south west of France (obviously, without mentioning the very modern -ville combinations everywhere in France). On the contrary, mesnil-, mont- or val- are used as first element (according to the formula B system) in the formula A zone to the north, in the later medieval toponymic creations.
, South West) and we estimate up to 20% the number of Norman communes ending with -ville. The oldest recorded one (in an ancient Latin written document) is Bourville
in 715 and we suppose -ville was used massively until the 11th. In contrast to -court that is the less common one (compare to neighbouring Picardy).
The most widely used -ville toponyms are the following : Amfreville (Asfridr′s farm), Auzouville (Asulfr′s farm), Beuzeville (Bosi′s farm), Colleville (Koli′s farm), Épreville (Sprot′s farm), Sotteville (Soti′s farm), Tocqueville (Toki′s farm), Touffreville (Thorfridr′s farm), Tourville (Thori′s farm), Trouville (Thorold′s farm) and Grainville (Grimr′s farm) and with an adjective : Bretteville (Briton's farm) and Englesqueville / Anglesqueville (former Englesqueville = English farm). They don't exist in France out of Normandy.
-court is usually combined with a Germanic masculine name : Hébécourt, with Haribertus > Herbert ; Norman surname Hébert
or Sébécourt
, with Sigibertus > Norman and Picard surname Sébert. It almost never appears as a suffix in the western part of Normandy, but as a prefix according the combination mode formula B : Cour-, Gour-, Col-, Coul-. For instance : Gourfaleur
(Courfalor 1250, *falor, name of a people), Coulvain
(Laipwin 's "court"), Coulimer
(Lietmar 's "court"), etc.
François de Beaurepaire observes that the -court, Cour- were never used with an anglo-scandinavian male's name or element. He concludes they were no more usual in the local language at the end of the 9th C. when the first Norsemen settled. We can add, that the extension of the formula A to the west except Avranchin (where otherwise the anglo-scandinavian place names are rare) is probably due to the Saxon settlements in Otlinga Saxonia around the 5th C. AD, followed later by the Anglo-Scandinavian settlements.
Another common one is -mesnil / Mesnil- (written ménil in the Orne
département as a result of a local political decision). They are mainly combined with a masculine anthroponym like the -ville place-names. The late formations are always built according to the formula B mode, for example : Mesnil-Hermant, Mesnil-Esnard
, etc.
The list of the romance appellatives does not mention -bosc / Bosc- 'wood', because it is typically Norman. It corresponds to the French word bois, that was never used this way and with such an extension in the general French toponymy. The spelling bosc (sometimes -bos(c)q or Bos- / Boc-), pronounced [bo:] or [bɔk], is specific for this Province. Despite the fact that the word bosc exists in the Occitan language , its extension in the southern French toponymy is very limited.
In Normandy, most of them are combined with a masculine name, for instance : Formula A : Auberbosc, Colbosc, Formula B : numerous Bosc-Roger, Bosc-Renoult, Bosc-Robert, etc. Note Bosc-Guérard / Bosguérard (French 'Bois-Gérard')
Same thing for -val (f. e. Beuzeval
with Boso / Bosi, Norman surname Beux) / Val- (f e. Valmartin with Martin, that is the most widespread French surname until nowadays) and -mont (f. e Rubremont, with Germanic name *Rotbradus) / Mont- (f. e. Montgommery
with Germanic name Gumaricus). Note the dialectal diminutive mouchel (French monceau 'small hill') in Several le Mouchel or in Beuzemouchel (Bernières
since 1678).
Véraval, now often misspelled as Ver-à-Val, became a -val place-name by popular etymology. It is first recorded as Warelwast in 1024 (see William de Warelwast) and we can recognize the former appellative -wast 'bad land, unfertile or uncultivated land' (now spelled -vast in the north and ga(s)t(te) in the south), the first element must be a personal name like in Martinvast
(de Martin wasto ar. 1210), Sottevast
(Sotewast 12th c.), Tollevast
(Toberwast ar. 1000 read 'Tolerwast', Tolewast 12th c.), Reniévast, etc. Derived word Va(s)tine (French Gâtine). Surnames Vatine, Vatinel, French Gatineau.
in 911. The speakers of Old Norse were linguistically assimilated into Francophone society within a few generations, so these settlement names can probably be dated before the 11th century. Most settlers and colonists of the 9th and 10th centuries were probably from the Danelaw
and could be Danish, Norwegian, or Anglo-Saxon. These languages were quite similar to each other and it is consequently sometimes difficult to make the difference between them, concerning the origin of the appellatives and male's names.
It is the most common suffix of Old Norse origin. There are more than 300 places ending with -tot in Normandy. Its root is Old Norse topt (compare English -toft, Danish -toft) 'site of a house'. It can be used alone in the late formations of the 11th century : le Tot.
It can be combined with a male's name, for example : Yvetot
, Routot
, Martintot or Létantot, combined respectively with Yvo (Germanic), Hrolfr (Norse), Martin (Romance, rarely) or Lestan (<Leodstān / Leofstān, Anglo-Saxon). Compare Blactot with Blacktoft
GB, Old norse MN Blakkr.
Sometimes with a tree-name : Bouquetot
(Bochetot 1179, boki 'beech-tree'), Seltot (selja 'sallow'), Ectot
/ Ecquetot
(Eschetoth 1055, Esketoth 1074, eski 'ash-tree', cf. Eastoft
GB, Eschetoft 12th c., Esketoft 13th c.).
With another appellative or adjectiv (Old Norse or Old English) : Martot (marr/ mere 'mere
', 'pond'), Életot
(Esletetot 1025, sletta 'flat land' cf. Eslettes
with English -s form = Sleights
, GB), Hautot
, Hottot
or Hotot
(Old English hōh 'slope', 'incline'. Cf. Huttoft
GB, Hotoft 11th c.), Brestot
( Breitot 1080, breiðr 'broad', the "(Br)-es-(tot)" spelling could represent the sound [ɛ] in Old French, the way it can still be pronounced nowadays [brɛto] or [breto] cf. Bratoft
GB, Breitoft 1115 ; Bretoft, Jönköping
, Sweden), Lanquetot
(Languetot 12th c. langr or lång 'long' cf. Langtoft GB) etc.
It can be found alone le Bec, in the late creations like le Tot.
Houlbec
'hollow beck' (Holbec 12th c.), Foulbec
'dirty beck' (Folebec 1066, cf. Fulbeck
GB, Fulebec 11th c.) , Caudebec
'cold beck' (Caldebec 1025, cf. Caldbeck
GB, Caldebeck 1060), etc.
From Old Norse brekka 'slope', 'incline', 'hill'
Houllebrecque (Saint-Aubin-de-Crétot
), Brecqhou
and Briquedalle [?], etc. cf. GB, Norbreck, Warbreck
, Scarisbrick
From Old Norse kjarr 'marsh', 'swamp'
Villequier
(Villequier, Villechier 12th C.) with Old English wiliġ, weliġ 'willow', Orcher
(Aurichier 12th C.) with Old English alri 'alders'; cf. GB, Ellerker
(Alrecher 11th C.)
From Old Norse skali, Old English scale
Écalgrain, Brecquécal, Écalles-Alix
(Escales, end 12th C.) , Villers-Écalles
(Escalis 12th C.), Estouteville-Écalles
(Scalis, end 12th C.). cf. GB, Scales
From Old Norse garðr
Auppegard
(Appelgart 1160, Alpegard 12th C.), Épégard
(Alpegard 1199, with æppel 'apple'. Cf. Applegarth
GB, Appelgard 1160), Figar(d), (with fiskr 'fish'), le Boullangard, etc.
Several Houlgate
, la Houlgate, Hôrgate 'hollow way', Hiégathe Castle. cf. GB, Holegate, Holgate (disambiguation)
ON or OE haga 'enclosure'
la Hague
, le Tohague (l'Estohague 1456), Étauhague
(Estohague 1262) from stodhaga with stod 'stud' cf. Stodday
(GB, Stodhae, ar. 1200), le Haguedic (or Hague-dike) with Anglo-Norse dik. cf. dial. English dike, dyke 'ditch' cf. Alano atte Haggedik, England 1327
From Old Norse haugr 'hill'. West Norman dialect houguet 'small hill'
Les Hogues
, Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue
, la Hougue-Bie (Jersey
), etc.
From Old Norse holmr
Le Houlme
(de Hulmo 1154), Robehomme
(Raimberti Hulmus 1083), Saint-Quentin-sur-le-Homme
(Sanctum Quintinum 1179 / de Hulmo 1160), Néhou
(Nigellihulmus 12th C. male's name Njall > Néel > Nigel
), L'Isle-Marie (Holmus 1027, Beate Marie de Homme 12th C. Homme is later translated into Old French isle, mod. île, island), l'Isle-Dieu Abbey (Ile du Houlme 1190), les Échommes
(Eschehoume 1547).
The word homme is written like the French word homme 'man', but the pronunciation is different : French ɔm 'man' (the man = l'homme) / Norman χɔm or [hɔm] "holm" (the holm = le homme)
From Old Norse lundr 'wood', 'forest' > -lunda.
Over 45 La Londe cf. La Londe
(Lunda ar. 1170) cf. Lund
. La Londe-les-Maures
in southeastern France inherited its name from Antoine Lemonnier, Sieur of La Londe in Normandy. Several Les Londes (plural)
Combinations
Étalondes
(Stanelonde 1059, Stenalunda 1119, steinn 'stone' or stān > stone). Le Héron
(Hairun 1025 < *hæġ-lundr, Old English hæġ)
From ON dalr 'valley' or OE dæl > 'dale'
With a romance article : la Dalle, le Dallet, etc., Dieppedalle
(Diepedale 1225, Old Norse djupr or Old English dēop 'deep', cf. Deepdale
GB), Croixdalle
(Craudale 1253, Old English crāwe > 'crow'), Oudalle
(Hulvedala 1025, ulfr 'wolf' cf. Norman surname Ouf), Bruquedalle
(Brokedale 1189, Old English brōc 'brook', 'stream', cf. Brookdale), Daubeuf-la-Campagne
(Dalbuoth 1010), Eurdal, Briquedalle, Louvedalle, etc.
From Old Norse bóð (both) > English booth.
The use of -beuf / -bot corresponds to -by in GB. It explains the similar formations on both sides of the English Channel :
Elbeuf-sur-Andelle
(Wellebotum 1218), Elbeuf
(Wellebuoht 1070 - 81, wella 'spring'), etc. Criquebeuf-en-Caux
(Cricheboum 1079, kirkja 'church'), etc. Lindebeuf
(Lindebeod 1142, lindi 'lind'), Daubeuf-la-Campagne
(Dalbuoth 1011), Daubeuf-près-Vatteville
(Dalbodo 1025, dalr 'valley'), etc. Bricquebosq
(Brichebot 1104, Brickebo 1224, later confusion with bosc 'wood'), Boos
(Bothas 1049, cf. Booths
. Old English plural -S), etc.
Two cases at least are doubtful : Criquebeuf-la-Campagne
(Crichebu 1203) and Carquebut
(Querquebu, Kerkebu, from 1165 to 1244). It is probably not both, but ON bú cf. DK Kværkeby (Querkeby 1198), or OE bū (bȳ) in some Kirkby / Kirby.
Sometimes -beuf has been misspelled -bœuf ('ox' in French) : Cricquebœuf
(Crikeboe 1198), Quillebœuf (Rock at Gatteville-le-Phare
) same as Quillebeuf-sur-Seine
(unknown first element). Brébœuf (hamlets at Condé-sur-Vire
and Sainte-Suzanne-sur-Vire
) same as Jean de Brébeuf
(breidr 'broad, large').
Other -bœuf place-names in Normandie and in other French regions really mean 'ox' and clearly allude to slaughterhouses : Écorchebœuf, Tubœuf
, Tombebœuf
, Écornebœuf or Escornebœuf
.
From Old Norse thveit > dial. English thwaite.
Several le Thuit, Bracquetuit
(AN *brāke 'fern') cf. with ON brakni Brackenthwaite, GB or Bregentved, DK), Vautuit
(Wautuit 12th c. MN Valr or Wal), Bliquetuit
(Belinguetuith 1025, Anglo-Saxon MN Baeling, cf. Badlingham GB, Belincgesham 1080), etc.
From Old Norse steinn or Old English stān > stone
Grestain
(Grestano 1050, OE grēat 'big' (> great), cf. Garston, Lancashire, Grestan 1150), Étainhus
('Stonehouse'), Étaintot (Saint-Wandrille-Rançon
, Steintot 1074), Étheintot (Grainville-la-Teinturière
, Esteintot 1198), Étalondes
(Stanelonde 1059, Stenalunda 1119), Étangval ('Stone valley', graphic attraction of the French word étang 'pond', pronounced [etã]), Mont Entenclin (Estenclif 1262), la Roche Gélétan (at Saint-Germain-des-Vaux
, Jallestain ar. 1200, translated into French roche = stone)
From Old Norse klif or Old English clif
Ancient Risleclif near the Risle
river, Witeclif now 'Côte Blanche' (white cliff) : old vineyard at Évreux,
Verclives
(Warcliva 1025), Clitourps
(Clitorp 1164 - 1180), Cléville (Clivilla 1121 - 1133), Carquelif
(Kareclif 1226), Mont Entenclin (Estenclif 1262), Mont de Doville
= Mont d'Escaulequin 1499 (Dodville 1082, Sanctus Martinus d'Escalleclif 12th c., Escaulleclif 1213, Dovilla ar. 1280)
From Old Norse torp
or Old English thorp 'settlement'
Several Torps, le Torp, le Torpt
. le Torp-Mesnil
, Clitourps
(Clitorp 1164, with klif 'cliff') Saussetour
(Sauxetorp 12th C.), Sauxtour
(Sauxetourp 1292) cf. G, Schleswig-Holstein, Saustrup
(Saxtorppe 1464) or Saxtorf (Saxtorppe 1499) with Saxi masculine name 'the Saxon'.
From Old Norse hus or Old English hūs
Sahurs
(Salhus 1024, 'house of the sallow', cf. Salhouse
GB and Salhus N), Étainhus
.
From Old Norse kirkja 'church' (> dial. English kirk
)
la Crique
(Not to be confused with the la Crique stream, that is 'creek'), Criquetot-l'Esneval
(Criketot 1195), Criquetot-le-Mauconduit
(Kriquetot 12th C.), etc., Criquebeuf-en-Caux (Cricheboum 1079), etc. (cf. Kirkby
GB), Yvecrique
From ON vella and OE wella
Veules-les-Roses
(Wellas 1025, name of a 1 km stream, from the spring to the sea at the eponym
place). English -S form cf. Wells
(GB). Elbeuf
(Wellebuoth 1070 - 81), Elbeuf-sur-Andelle
(Wellebotum 1218), Elbeuf-en-Bray
(Wellebof 1046 - 48) cf. Welby, GB. Rouelles
(Rodewella 1035) cf. Rothwell, GB.
le Vicq, Sanvic
(Sanwic 1035, probably from *Sandwic, vik with sand' cf. Sandvík
(Faroe Islands), Sandwich Bay
(Sandwich, Kent, Sandwic 993) GB. Houlvy, Cap-Lévi (ancient Kapelwic 12th c. with metathesis
), Vasouy
(Wasewic, Wasuic 1035, probably OE wāse 'mud' : 'the muddy mouth' the Seine estuary ?), Brévy (with breiðr 'wide' 'broad' cf. Brevik
, Breivik
, Breidvik (disambiguation), Breivika (disambiguation), Norway, etc.), Silvy (Selevy in 1570, de selr « seal » ? ), Carry (Carrwic in 1207, with kjarr « swamp ») ou Pulvy (with píll « alder-tree » ?)
Cabourg
(Cadburgum 11th c., cf. Cadbury, Cadborough, GB), Wambourg
(Wamburgum 1025, Weneborch 1147, cf. Wanborough, GB), Cherbourg (Chiersburg 1070, Chieresborc 1297, Old English ċiriċe 'church')-crot, -croc, -crocq = croft
Vannecrocq
(Wanescrotum 11th c., cf. Walshcroft, GB), Bec-de-Croc (Bethecroth 11th c.). The spelling -C or -CQ is the result of a confusion with French croc 'fang', 'tooth'. final -C and -T are not being pronounced in French since the Middle Ages.
flōd (> flood) or flēot (> fleet) :
Honfleur
(Hunefleth 1025, Hunefloth ar. 1062), Barfleur
(Barbefleth, Barbeflueth 12th c.), Harfleur
, Vittefleur
, Crémanfleur, Vicqfleur, la Gerfleur (stream).
The spelling /r/, the additional final -R, is due to an "official" correctism. -fleu was believed to be the local and popular pronunciation for fleur 'flower'.
Ouistreham
, Étréham
(ōstar, easter), le Ham, Huppain, Surrain
, Hemevez
.
Heuland with OD hoh 'decline', Ételan
(Esteilant 11th c.) with OE steġili 'steep'
(Amundivilla 1269), Mondeville and probably Amontot (Reuville
), Amontot (Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc
) Agi (or OD Aghi) : Acqueville
(Manche, Agueville until 15th c.) Áki (or OD Aki) : Achelunda 1070 - 79 (ON lundr 'wood') near Acqueville
(Calvados Achevilla 13th c.), same owner. Api : Aptot, Aptuit / Appeville
, Appeville-Annebault
, Appeville
(Apevilla in Baltesio 12th C.) cf. DK, Aptrup Atli : Autretot
(Altetot 12th c., Altretot 1219) Baggi : La Baguelande
(Bagalunda 1200, Baguelonde 1237 / Bagueville
[?] Barni : Barneville-sur-Seine
(Barnevilla ar. 1078), Barneville-Carteret
(Barnavilla 1023 - 1026), etc. Bondi : Notre-Dame-de-Bondeville
(Bundivilla ar. 1080) , Sainte-Hélène-Bondeville
(Bondevilla 1198) cf. DK, Bonderup Bosi (confused with the Frankish name Boso) : Beuzeville
(Bosevilla 1078 - 1087), Beuzeville-la-Grenier
(Boseville 1172 - 1178), etc. Beuzebosc, Beuzemouchel, Beuzeval ; surname : Beux Boli : Bolbec
(Bolebec 11th C.) / Bolleville (Bolevilla 12th C.), Boulleville
(Bollivilla ar. 1080) Brami : Brametot
(Bramatot ar. 1025) Geri : Gerville
*Ginni : Gennetot, Gennetuit [?] cf. Domesday Book
masculine name Ghinius, Genius. Gintoft (G, Schleswig-Holstein, Gyntoft 1483) Gulli > Old Swedish Golle ; Anglo-Norse Golle : Golleville
(Golevilla, Gollevilla 12th - 13th c.). cf. Willelmus Goles mentioned in Audouville and Ulf de Westerne, pater Golle 1218 (Yorkshire). Surname Golle (Équeurdreville (disambiguation)). Helgi : Heuqueville (Heuguevilla 1198), Heugueville-sur-Sienne
(Helgevilla 1115), Heugon
(local lord's name) Hnakki : Urville-Nacqueville
(Nakevilla 1148), Necqueville (Hautot-Saint-Sulpice
) Holti : Houtteville
(Hultivilla 1070 - 1082, Holtavilla end 11th c.) Hunni or Húni : Honfleur
(Hunefleth 1025, Hunefloth ar. 1062) / Honneville, Honaville Kari : Cartot, Carbec-Grestain
(Carebec 12th c.) / Carville
, Carville-la-Folletière
(Carevilla 13th C.), etc. Karli : Cailletot, Calletot, Caltot / Calleville-les-Deux-Églises
(Carlevilla 1143), etc. Kati : Catelon
(ecclesiam Catelunti 1096 - 1101) / Catteville
*Kǣrandi > *Kǣrnadi : Carneville
(Chernetvilla (?) 1074, Carnanvilla 12th c., Kiernevilla 1196) cf. Carnaby
(GB, Cherendebi 1086, Kerendebi 1155 - 1157, Kernetebi 1190, Kerneteby 1267) Knapi : Canapville (kenapevilla 1180), Canappeville
, etc. cf. GB, Knaptoft
, Knapthorpe Koli : Colletot
/ Colleville, Colmesnil, Colbosc
cf. GB, Colby Korni : Cornemare / Corneville-la-Fouquetière
, Corneville-sur-Risle
Malti : Motteville
(Maltevilla 1059), Mautheville
(Mautevilla ar. 1170) Muli : Le Mulambec / Muneville-le-Bingard
Otti : Octeville
(Otteville 12th c.), Octeville-l'Avenel
(Otheville 1240), Octeville-sur-Mer
Rúmfari : Saint-Romphaire
instead of Saint-Romacaire (Lat. Romacharius, Germ. Rumakar) Runi : Runetot / Runeville, Reigneville-Bocage
(Runevilla 1105) cf. G, Schleswig-Holstein Rundhof, danish Runtoft (Runaetoft 1231) Saxi : Saussetour
(Sauxetorp 12th C.), Sauxtour
(Sauxetourp 1290), Sassetot-le-Mauconduit
/ Sasseville
, Saussemesnil Sibbi : Sébeville
(Sebevilla 1159 - 1181) ≠ Sébécourt
with Germanic name Sigebert
us > patronymic Sébert (Normandy and Picardy) *Silli or Sild(*i) : Cidetot (Silletot 12th C.), Silleron
(< *Silli-lundr) / Cideville
(Silde villa 1075), Sideville
(Sildeville 1200) cf. Sillerup (Schleswig-Holstein, Silderup 1638) Skalli (OD Scalli) "bald head" : Écausseville
(Escaullevilla 1147, Escallevilla 1175, 1203, 1232), Écolleville
(Escauleville 1407, 1461, 1499) near Mont d'Escaulequin 1499 (Escalleclif 12th c.) Skeggi : Ecuquetot (Eskeketot 1222) / Equiqueville (Schechevilla 1142 - 1150) Cf. GB Skeyton
, Skegby
Skrauti : Écretteville-les-Baons
(Scrotivilla 1006), Écretteville-sur-Mer
(Escrutevilleta 13th C.) Skuli : Écultot (Esculetot ar. 1210)/ Éculleville
(Esculleville → 16th C.) Soti : Sottevast
, Sotteville-les-Rouen
(Sotavilla ar. 1020), Sotteville-sous-le-Val
(Sotevilla 1087 - 1092), etc. Stali : Etalleville
(Stalavilla 1185) Sturi or Styri : Étretat
(Strutat ar. 1040) / Étréville
(Sturivilla ar. 1054), Éturville (Sturvilla 1165) ; surname : Estur (Pays de Caux
) Svarti : Surville (Souarville 1220, Soarvilla 1221) Svarthofdi : Surtauville
(Sortovilla 1214), Sortosville Toki : Tocqueville (Tokevilla ar. 1065), Tocqueville-sur-Eu
(Toche villa 1059), etc. Tofi : Le Mesnil-Tove
Tommi or Tummi : Tonneville
(Tommevilla, Thommevilla 13th. c.), Saint-Georges-de-la-Rivière
(Tummavilla 1080, Tommevilla 1286) ≠ Tonneville (Bourville
, Taunacum villa 702 - 704, Tonnevilla ar. 1210) Thori : Tourville Vigi : Prétot-Vicquemare
(Wiguemare ar. 1210), Victot-Pontfol
(Vigetot ar. 1160)
(Sancti Petri de Archetiglise ar. 1150) Ásbjǫrn or Ásbiǫrn : Auzouville-Auberbosc
(Osber boscus 12th C.), Aubermesnil-Beaumais
(Osberni mesnil 1040 - 66), etc. Auberville-la-Manuel
(Osberni villa ar. 1040), etc. Medieval Norman first name Osbern > surname : Auber, Osbert, maybe influence of OE Ōs-bearn for Asbjǫrn, mod. Osborn ≠ Auberville-sur-Eaulne, Auberville-sur-Yères, former Alberti villa, like Aubervilliers
(Île-de-France, Albertvillare 1060) and French surname Aubert
'Albert' Ásgautr : Angoville; surname : Angot (cf. Jean Ango
, italianized version) Ásfriðr : Amfreville (Ansfrevilla 12th C.), Amfreville-les-Champs (Anfridivilla ar. 1034), Amfreville-la-Campagne
(Ansfredville 1095), etc. ; surnames : Anfry, Lanfry, Anfray Ásketill : Anquetot / Ancteville
(Ansketevilla 1196), Anctoville-sur-Boscq
(Anschitilvilla 1159), Ancourteville-sur-Héricourt
(Anschetilvilla ar. 1024), Ancretteville-sur-Mer
(Anschetevilla 12th C.), etc. ; surnames : Anquetil, Anquetille, Anctil, Anquety, Amptil, Anketell (GB). Ocqueville
(Oskevilla ar. 1150) from the Anglo-Norse version Oskel Ásleikr : Anneville (Anneville-Ambourville
: Anslecvilla 1057) ; old surname Anlec (Jersey
1306, Hémevez
ar. 1320) cf. Ansleicus. Ásmundr / Osmundr : Omonville-la-Foliot (Osmundi villa 1197), Omonville
(Osmundivillam 1155), etc. Saint-Martin-Osmonville
(Osmundi villam 1137) ; surnames Osmond (Cotentin), Osmont (Pays de Caux
, Cotentin), Omond and Omont. cf. Saint Osmund Ásulfr : Auzouville, Ozeville ; surnames : Auzou(x), Auzout, Auzouf, Osouf Blakkr : Blactot / Blacqueville
(Blachrevilla ar. 1080), Chamblac
(Campus Blaque 12th C.). cf. GB, Blacktoft
Brandr : Branville-Hague
, Brainville Bretakollr : Brectouville (Britecolvilla 1159) Farmaðr (OD Farman, ONw Farmann) "wayfarer, traveller" : Fermanville (Farmanville 12th c.), Fermanbreuil (Carneville), Saint-Denis-le-Ferment
(Sanctus Dyonisus de Farman 1199). Recorded as a personal name in Magni Rotuli Scaccariae Normanniae : Willemus Ferman. Modern Norman surname Ferment. In England, it is often mentioned in the Middle Ages, f. e. : Farmannus in 1066 (Hampshire
), Richard Fareman in 1086 (Cambridgeshire
), Roger Fareman or Farman in 1260 (Yorkshire), etc. Place-name Farmanby Fastulfr : Fatouville-Grestain
(Fastovilla 1140), Fatouville, etc. Fotr : Fauville
(Manche, Fodvilla 1225), Fauville
(Eure, Foville 1152), etc. cf. GB Fosdyke
(Yorkshire, Fotesdic 1183), Foston (disambiguation) (Yorkshire, Fodstone 12th c.) Grimr : Grainval (Saint-Léonard, Seine-Maritime
, Grinval ar. 1040) , Mesnil-Grain, Grainville
, Grainville-la-Teinturière
(Grinvillam 1082 - 1087), Grainville-sur-Ry
(Grinvilla 1055 - 1056), etc. Medieval Latin name Grinius ≠ Grainville-Ymauville
(Gerwinivilla 1032 - 1035, Germanic N Gerwinus) Gunnulfr : Gonnetot
/ Gonneville-la-Mallet
, etc. ; surnames : Gounout, Gounouf Gunnfriðr : Gonfreville-l'Orcher
(Gonfrevilla 12th c.), Gonfreville-Caillot
(Gunfredi villa ar. 1024), Gonfreville
, Mesnil-Gonfroy ; surnames : Gonfroy (Calvados, Manche, Seine-Maritime), Gonfrey (Manche), Gonfray (Seine-Maritime) Hals : Hauville
(Halsvilla 1014) Hasteinn : Hattentot / Hattenville
(Hastingi villa 1032 - 1035), Hatainville ; Medieval Latin name Hastincus *Helgimaðr : Hecmanville
(Heuguemanville 1331) Holmgeirr : Hougerville cf. mod. name Holger Hugleikr : Hugleville-en-Caux
, Heugleville-sur-Scie
Ingulfr : Ingouville
(Ingulfi villam 990), Digosville
(Ingulvilla [?] ar. 1095, Digouvilla 1198) for *d'Ingo(u)ville with article
agglutination
; surnames : Ingouf, Ygout, Igout.. Ketill : Quettehou
, Quettetot
/ Quetteville, Cretteville
; surnames : Quétil, Quétel, Quetil, Quetel Klakkr : Mesnil-Claque
, Claville-Motteville
, Clasville
cf. GB, Clacton Kolbeinn : Compainville
(Cobeinvilla 1200, Cobbenivilla 1237) Krókr : Faubourg du Pré (Saint-Lô, Maisnillum Croc 1174, Le Mesnil-Croc), Cropus
, Crosville-sur-Scie
(Crocvilla ar. 1020), Crosville-sur-Douve
, Crosville-la-Vieille
, etc. Morfar : Montfarville
(Morfarvilla (w. d.), Morfarvilla 1210, 1260, 1280). Scandinavian name used in the north of England. The spelling Mont- appears only in 1792. Njáll, Njál (< Old Irish Niall) : Néville
(Nevilla 1032 - 1035), Néville-sur-Mer
(Neevilla 12th, Nigevilla 12th), Néhou
(Neauhou ar. 1175, Nealhou ar. 1210, Nigelli Hulmus 12th c.). Old Norman first name Neel (see Néel I de Saint-Sauveur, Néel II de Saint-Sauveur), surname Néel
, often ill latinized in Nigel
Ospakr : Le Mesnil-Opac
Sigbrandr : Cibrantot (Terre de Sibrantot in Mémoire de la société des antiquaires de Normandie, 1852) Sigfridr : Chiffretot / Chiffreville
(Sigefridisvilla 1035), Chiffrevast, Cheffreville-Tonnencourt
(Seicfrede villa 1024, Sigefredivilla 1135). Patronymic : Seffray Skallagrímr : Baie d'Écalgrain Skammhals > Old Danish Skammel : Équemauville
(Scamelli Villae 1048) *Snægeir : Négreville
(Esnegervilla 1185 - 1189), Montem Esnerguier 1251 (maybe *Snærgeir). Smiðr : Émiéville
(Esmitvilla 1129), Émainville
(Smit villa ar. 1024) Sprot : Épretot
(Espretot 1131) / Épreville
(Sprovilla ar. 1025), etc. Starr : Éterville
(Starvilla 1081) Summarliði : † Summerleevilla ar. 1210, Cotentin Svartingr : Surtainville
(Sortinvilla ar. 1062) Thorfriðr : Touffrécale (Torfrescalis 1156) / le Mesnil-Touffray
, Touffreville (Turfreivilla 1121 - 1135), Touffreville-la-Corbeline
(Turfreitvilla ar. 1040), etc. Thorgautr : Turgauville
, surname : Turgot Thorgisl : Tourgéville
, Saint-Jean-de-la-Rivière
(Turgisvilla 1023), Torgisval at Saint-Vaast-d'Équiqueville
(Torgisval 1180), Old priory Torgistorp (1150) at Clitourps. cf. DK, Truelstrup (Torgilstorp w. d.) ; surnames : Turgis, Tourgis. See FitzTurgis > Sturgis (disambiguation), Sturges
Thorketill : Teurthéville-Hague
(Torquetevilla 12 th C.), Teurthéville-Bocage
(Torquetelvilla 1180 - 1182) ; surnames : Turquetil, Teurquetil, Turquety, Truptil. Torqueville, Turqueville
(Torclevilla 1158) from Torkel shortened version of this name. Thorlakr : Tourlaville
(Torlachvilla 1063 - 1066), Tout-la-ville (Torlavilla 1198) Tous-les-Mesnil (Toulamesnil 1328); old surname Tourlaque (cf. Rue Tourlaque in Paris) Thormodr : Trémauville
(Tormodi villa 1023), Tourmauville (Tormovilla 1172), Turmeauville, etc. Thorsteinn : Toutainville
(Turstini villa ar. 1080), La Noë-Poulain
(Sanctus Audoenus de Bosco Turstini w.d.); surnames Tostain, Toustain, Toutain : most common Normanic surname > probably because of saint Toutains popularity > English Thurstan
(= Turstin of Bayeux).Thorvaldr : Turretot
/ Trouville (cf. Trouville, Seine-Maritime
, Thorouvilla ar. 1240), Bourgtheroulde
; surnames : Thouroude, Théroude, Throude, Troude
Tolir (short form of Thórleifr) : Tollevast
(Toberwast ar. 1000, for *Tolerwast, Tolewast 12th c.), Tolleville (w.a.f.). Charta
of the Héauville
Priory
: Guillermus filius Rogerii Toler 1152.
Ulfr : Oudalle
(Hulvedala ar. 1025) / Ouville
, Ouville-la-Bien-Tournée
(Ulvilla 1121 - 1128), etc. cf. DK Uldall (Wldall 1508); surname : Ouf.
Valr : Vautuit, Valletot
/ Valleville
Vigautr (Old Danish Wigot) : Igoville
(Vigovilla ar. 1240) , Le Mesnil-Vigot
(Maisnillum Vigot 1192, Maisnillum Wigoti 1206) ; surname : Vigot
Normandy
Normandy is a geographical region corresponding to the former Duchy of Normandy. It is in France.The continental territory covers 30,627 km² and forms the preponderant part of Normandy and roughly 5% of the territory of France. It is divided for administrative purposes into two régions:...
. Some belong to the common heritage of the Langue d'oïl extension zone in northern France and Belgium; this is called Pre-Normanic. Others contains Old Norse
Old Norse
Old Norse is a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age, until about 1300....
and Old English male names and toponymic appellatives. They intermingle with romance male names and place-name elements to create a very specific substratum
Substratum
In linguistics, a stratum or strate is a language that influences, or is influenced by another through contact. A substratum is a language which has lower power or prestige than another, while a superstratum is the language that has higher power or prestige. Both substratum and superstratum...
typical of Normandy within the extension zone of the Langue d'oïl. These are sometimes called Normanic.
Description
There is still a significant number of Celtic names, like everywhere in France and in western Europe. They were partly mixed with Latin elements, especially male names, fashionable among the inhabitants of GaulGaul
Gaul was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age and Roman era, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg and Belgium, most of Switzerland, the western part of Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the left bank of the Rhine. The Gauls were the speakers of...
. All of them follow the Late Latin phonetic changes that lead to Langue d'oïl.
Traditional large cities
Almost all the main cities kept a Romanized Celtic name, that gave birth to the modern toponym :- BC
- Rouen
Rouen
Rouen , in northern France on the River Seine, is the capital of the Haute-Normandie region and the historic capital city of Normandy. Once one of the largest and most prosperous cities of medieval Europe , it was the seat of the Exchequer of Normandy in the Middle Ages...
< Rotomagus, sometimes Ratómagos or Ratumacos (on the coins of the Veliocassi tribe). It can be roto-, the word for 'wheel' or 'race', cf. Old Irish roth 'wheel' 'race' or Welsh rhod 'wheel' 'race'. Magos is surer here : 'field', 'plain' or later 'market' cf. Old Irish mag (gen. maige) 'field' 'plain', Old Breton ma 'place'. The whole thing could mean 'hippodrome', 'racecourse' or 'wheel market'.
- Caen
Caen
Caen is a commune in northwestern France. It is the prefecture of the Calvados department and the capital of the Basse-Normandie region. It is located inland from the English Channel....
< Catumagus. From Old Celtic catu- 'battle' 'fight' 'combat', Old Irish cath (gen. catho) 'combat' 'batalion' 'troop', Breton -kad /-gad, Welsh cad 'combat' 'troop'. The general meaning could be 'battlefield'
- Carentan
Carentan
Carentan is a small rural town near the north-eastern base of the French Cotentin Peninsula in Normandy in north-western France near the port city of Cherbourg-Octeville. Carentan has a population somewhat over 6,000 and is now administratively organized as a commune in the Manche department...
< Carentomagus
- Vernon
Vernon, Eure
Vernon is a commune in the department of Eure in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.It lies on the banks of the Seine River, about midway between Paris and Rouen...
< Vernomagus 'plain of the alder-trees'. uernā 'alder-tree', Old Irish fern, Breton, Welsh gwern, dial. French verne / vergne.
- AD
In the following examples the original Gaulish toponym was replaced by the name of the tribe according to a well-known process in the Late Empire.
- Bayeux
Bayeux
Bayeux is a commune in the Calvados department in Normandy in northwestern France.Bayeux is the home of the Bayeux Tapestry, which depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England.-Administration:Bayeux is a sub-prefecture of Calvados...
< (Civitas
Civitas
In the history of Rome, the Latin term civitas , according to Cicero in the time of the late Roman Republic, was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by law . It is the law that binds them together, giving them responsibilities on the one hand and rights of citizenship on the other...
) Bajocassensis; former Augustodurum. 'forum
Forum (Roman)
A forum was a public square in a Roman municipium, or any civitas, reserved primarily for the vending of goods; i.e., a marketplace, along with the buildings used for shops and the stoas used for open stalls...
dedicated to Augustus
Augustus
Augustus ;23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.The dates of his rule are contemporary dates; Augustus lived under two calendars, the Roman Republican until 45 BC, and the Julian...
- Evreux
Évreux
Évreux is a commune in the Eure department, of which it is the capital, in Haute Normandie in northern France.-History:In late Antiquity, the town, attested in the fourth century CE, was named Mediolanum Aulercorum, "the central town of the Aulerci", the Gallic tribe then inhabiting the area...
< (Civitas) Eburovicensis ; former Mediolanum
- Lisieux
Lisieux
Lisieux is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.Lisieux is the capital of the Pays d'Auge area, which is characterised by valleys and hedged farmland...
< (Civitas) Lexoviensis ; former Noviomagus 'new market', Old Celtic noviios 'new'.
- Avranches
Avranches
Avranches is a commune in the Manche department in the Basse-Normandie region in north-western France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department. The inhabitants are called Avranchinais.-History:...
< (Civitas) Abrincatii ; former Ingena or Legedia
There are exceptions :
- Coutances
Coutances
Coutances is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-History:Capital of the Unelli, a Gaulish tribe, the town took the name of Constantia in 298 during the reign of Roman emperor Constantius Chlorus...
< Constantia (dedicated to Emperor Constantius Chlorus
Constantius Chlorus
Constantius I , commonly known as Constantius Chlorus, was Roman Emperor from 293 to 306. He was the father of Constantine the Great and founder of the Constantinian dynasty. As Caesar he defeated the usurper Allectus in Britain and campaigned extensively along the Rhine frontier, defeating the...
) / Cosedia
- Lillebonne
Lillebonne
Lillebonne is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France. It lies miles north of the Seine and east of Le Havre by railway.-History:...
< Juliobona (dedicated to Julius
Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman and a distinguished writer of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
(Caesar) of a bona, Old Celtic bona 'foundation' or 'spring'. See Ratisbona or Vindobona
Vindobona
Vindobona was originally a Celtic settlement, and later a Roman military camp on the site of the modern city of Vienna in Austria. Around 15 BC, the kingdom of Noricum was included in the Roman Empire...
)
Some of these disappear to be later replaced by Normanic names such as Coriovallum / Cherbourg or Caracotinum / Harfleur
Harfleur
-Population:-Places of interest:* The church of St-Martin, dating from the fourteenth century.* The seventeenth century Hôtel de Ville .* Medieval ramparts * The fifteenth century museums of fishing and of archaeology and history....
. It shows that the old inhabitants who used it were expelled or flew away and were replaced by newcomers, or that they became only a small minority.
In other cases, we do not know the Pre-Normanic names of Honfleur
Honfleur
Honfleur is a commune in the Calvados department in northwestern France. It is located on the southern bank of the estuary of the Seine across from le Havre and very close to the exit of the Pont de Normandie...
or Dieppe
Dieppe, Seine-Maritime
Dieppe is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in France. In 1999, the population of the whole Dieppe urban area was 81,419.A port on the English Channel, famous for its scallops, and with a regular ferry service from the Gare Maritime to Newhaven in England, Dieppe also has a popular pebbled...
for instance.
Common northern French archetypes
The most common suffixSuffix
In linguistics, a suffix is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word. Common examples are case endings, which indicate the grammatical case of nouns or adjectives, and verb endings, which form the conjugation of verbs...
in northern France is -acum (written -acum or -aco in the Medieval Latin
Medieval Latin
Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange and as the liturgical language of the medieval Roman Catholic Church, but also as a language of science, literature, law, and administration. Despite the clerical origin of many of its authors,...
documents, but pronounced in vulgar Latin -acu) that means 'place of', 'property'. Its origin is Celtic *-āko (compare Breton -eg, Welsh -og, Irish -ach, same thing).
The result of its evolution and way of spelling can be -ay, -ai, -ey, -é or -y in northern France and Belgium. We can find all of them in Normandy.
The preceeding element is sometimes another Celtic substantive, which cannot always be clearly identified or translated, because Old Celtic is ill-known. There are common archetypes like :
- Gournay (*GORNACU < *Gornāko-, Gaulish gorn 'water tank' [?] > French gord [?]),
- Bernay (*BRINNACU < *Brinnāko- / *Brennāko-, Gaulish *brinn- / *brenn- 'wet place' [?], 'marsh' [?], dial. French bren / brin 'dirty thing'),
- Cernay (*SARNACU < *(I)sarnāko-, Gaulish isarnon 'iron' cf. Old Irish íarnn, Breton houarn, 'iron'),
- Andilly (< *ANDALIACU cf. Andely
Les Andelys
Les Andelys is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Geography:It lies on the Seine, about 35 km northeast of Évreux.The commune is divided into two parts, Grand-Andely and Petit-Andely.-Population:-Sights:...
: Andelagum 830 < *Andalāko- Gaulish *andal 'whirlpool' [?], hydronym : stream Andelle
Andelle
The Andelle is a river of Normandy, France, in length, flowing through the departments of Seine-Maritime and Eure.- Geography :The Andelle has its source in the Pays de Bray in the territory of the commune of Serqueux...
, river Andelsbach. cf. Old Occitan andalhon 'to-and-fro motion of the water').
These exist everywhere in the Langue d'oïl extension area. In other regions of France and countries of Europe, they can exist with another phonetics.
Another, generally later, series is composed of masuline names that can be Gaulish (Celtic) or Latin (but the owner is a Celt with a Roman name), for example : Massy (*MASSIACU with Mascius, Gaulish name), Marcilly (*MARCELLIACU with Marcellus, Roman name), Fleury (*FLORIACU with Florius, Roman name), Montigny (*MONTANIACU with Montanius, Roman name), etc.
However, the latest -acum formations are combined with a Christian or a Germanic masculine name : Repentigny (*REPENTINIACU with Repentinius, Christian name). The most common -acum place-name in Normandy is Glatigny (More than 40 Glatigny, Glatiney, from *GLATTINIACU, Germanic name *Glatto). In the late creation, it is more difficult to make the difference between the suffix and the root : *GLATTINIACU can be interpreted as *Glattini-acu or as *Glatt-iniacu, because *-INIACU became finally a suffix.
Romance place-name elements
These come from Vulgar LatinVulgar Latin
Vulgar Latin is any of the nonstandard forms of Latin from which the Romance languages developed. Because of its nonstandard nature, it had no official orthography. All written works used Classical Latin, with very few exceptions...
, but began only to extend about 100 years after the fall of the Roman Empire
Decline of the Roman Empire
The decline of the Roman Empire refers to the gradual societal collapse of the Western Roman Empire. Many theories of causality prevail, but most concern the disintegration of political, economic, military, and other social institutions, in tandem with foreign invasions and usurpers from within the...
in the 6th century AD. In this Province, it is sometimes quite difficult to know if these place name formations are Pre-Normanic or Normanic, because of the similarities between the earlier creations and the later creations.
The main romance appellatives are the following :
- -ville, Ville- 'farm', later 'village'
- -court, Cour-, Cor- 'farm with a courtyard'
- -val, Val- 'small valley'
- -mont, Mont- 'hill'
- -mesnil, Mesnil- 'property'
General description
In France (including Normandy), the extension of -court, -ville and -mesnil (other spellings -maisnil, -ménil) corresponds generally to the Frankish and other Germanic settlements (and Anglo-Scandinavian in Normandy). That is probably the reason why the common word order is from Germanic : determinative (adjective, appellative or owner's name) + (determined) romance element, for instance : Neuville 'new village', BourvilleBourville
Bourville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe, at the junction of the D108 and the D237 roads.-Population:...
(Bodardi villa 715) 'Bodard's farm', Harcourt
Harcourt (disambiguation)
-Places:Australia*Harcourt, Victoria, a townCanada*Harcourt, Ontario, a village*, a village*Harcourt House, an art gallery in Edmonton, Alberta*Harcourt, Newfoundland and LabradorFrance*Harcourt, Eure, a commune...
(Normannus de Herolcurt 1030 - 1035) 'Herulf's farm', Attemesnil
Carville-Pot-de-Fer
Carville-Pot-de-Fer is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Le Havre, near the junction of the D106 and D149 roads....
(Ademesnil 1260) 'Adda's property', etc. It is called formula A. Less than 1/3 of France is entirely contained in the formula A extension area (the north).
The word order in Vulgar Latin is the opposite (the same evolution as in Celtic). Romance appellative + adjective, determining name or person's name is the dominating formula in the Occitan French toponymy and in western France. It is called formula B. Instead of Neuville, we find Villeneuve further to the south, that can be a translation from Occitan Vielanova too, or sometimes a modern name. The same for Neuchâtel, Neufchâtel, Neufchâteau 'new castle', further to the south Châteauneuf, Châtelneuf, can also be a translation of Castelnau (Occitan). In Normandy, the only pays to be included totally in formula B zone is Avranchin (southwest).
However, these comments need to be qualified : -ville (as second element) extended outside the formula A zone to Avranchin, to Beauce
Beauce
Beauce is a natural region in northern France, located between the Seine and Loire rivers. It now comprises the Eure-et-Loir département and parts of Loiret, Essonne and Loir-et-Cher. The region shared the history of the province of Orléanais and the county of Chartres, which is its only major...
and to the south west of France (obviously, without mentioning the very modern -ville combinations everywhere in France). On the contrary, mesnil-, mont- or val- are used as first element (according to the formula B system) in the formula A zone to the north, in the later medieval toponymic creations.
The local specificity
In the Norman toponymy, the most widespread appellative is -ville (Ville- in AvranchinAvranchin
The Avranchin is an area in Normandy, France, corresponding to the territory of the Abrincates, tribe of Celts who also gave their name to the city of Avranches, main town of the Avranchin....
, South West) and we estimate up to 20% the number of Norman communes ending with -ville. The oldest recorded one (in an ancient Latin written document) is Bourville
Bourville
Bourville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe, at the junction of the D108 and the D237 roads.-Population:...
in 715 and we suppose -ville was used massively until the 11th. In contrast to -court that is the less common one (compare to neighbouring Picardy).
The most widely used -ville toponyms are the following : Amfreville (Asfridr′s farm), Auzouville (Asulfr′s farm), Beuzeville (Bosi′s farm), Colleville (Koli′s farm), Épreville (Sprot′s farm), Sotteville (Soti′s farm), Tocqueville (Toki′s farm), Touffreville (Thorfridr′s farm), Tourville (Thori′s farm), Trouville (Thorold′s farm) and Grainville (Grimr′s farm) and with an adjective : Bretteville (Briton's farm) and Englesqueville / Anglesqueville (former Englesqueville = English farm). They don't exist in France out of Normandy.
-court is usually combined with a Germanic masculine name : Hébécourt, with Haribertus > Herbert ; Norman surname Hébert
Hébert
Hébert or Hebert is a surname, and may refer to:* Anne Hébert, Canadian author and poet* Bobby Hebert, National Football League player* Chantal Hébert, Canadian political commentator* Chris Hebert, American actress* Edmond Hébert, French geologist...
or Sébécourt
Sébécourt
-References:*...
, with Sigibertus > Norman and Picard surname Sébert. It almost never appears as a suffix in the western part of Normandy, but as a prefix according the combination mode formula B : Cour-, Gour-, Col-, Coul-. For instance : Gourfaleur
Gourfaleur
Gourfaleur is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France....
(Courfalor 1250, *falor, name of a people), Coulvain
Coulvain
Coulvain is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.-Population:...
(Laipwin 's "court"), Coulimer
Coulimer
Coulimer is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France....
(Lietmar 's "court"), etc.
François de Beaurepaire observes that the -court, Cour- were never used with an anglo-scandinavian male's name or element. He concludes they were no more usual in the local language at the end of the 9th C. when the first Norsemen settled. We can add, that the extension of the formula A to the west except Avranchin (where otherwise the anglo-scandinavian place names are rare) is probably due to the Saxon settlements in Otlinga Saxonia around the 5th C. AD, followed later by the Anglo-Scandinavian settlements.
Another common one is -mesnil / Mesnil- (written ménil in the Orne
Orne
Orne is a department in the northwest of France, named after the river Orne.- History :Orne is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution, on March 4, 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Normandy and Perche.- Geography :Orne is in the region of...
département as a result of a local political decision). They are mainly combined with a masculine anthroponym like the -ville place-names. The late formations are always built according to the formula B mode, for example : Mesnil-Hermant, Mesnil-Esnard
Le Mesnil-Esnard
-External links:* *...
, etc.
The list of the romance appellatives does not mention -bosc / Bosc- 'wood', because it is typically Norman. It corresponds to the French word bois, that was never used this way and with such an extension in the general French toponymy. The spelling bosc (sometimes -bos(c)q or Bos- / Boc-), pronounced [bo:] or [bɔk], is specific for this Province. Despite the fact that the word bosc exists in the Occitan language , its extension in the southern French toponymy is very limited.
In Normandy, most of them are combined with a masculine name, for instance : Formula A : Auberbosc, Colbosc, Formula B : numerous Bosc-Roger, Bosc-Renoult, Bosc-Robert, etc. Note Bosc-Guérard / Bosguérard (French 'Bois-Gérard')
Same thing for -val (f. e. Beuzeval
Houlgate
Houlgate is a small tourist resort in northwestern France along the English Channel with a beach and a casino. It is a commune in the Drochon Valley, in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region.-Pre-19th century:...
with Boso / Bosi, Norman surname Beux) / Val- (f e. Valmartin with Martin, that is the most widespread French surname until nowadays) and -mont (f. e Rubremont, with Germanic name *Rotbradus) / Mont- (f. e. Montgommery
Sainte-Foy-de-Montgommery
Sainte-Foy-de-Montgommery is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.-Population:-References:*...
with Germanic name Gumaricus). Note the dialectal diminutive mouchel (French monceau 'small hill') in Several le Mouchel or in Beuzemouchel (Bernières
Bernières, Seine-Maritime
Bernières is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D73 and the D52 roads...
since 1678).
Véraval, now often misspelled as Ver-à-Val, became a -val place-name by popular etymology. It is first recorded as Warelwast in 1024 (see William de Warelwast) and we can recognize the former appellative -wast 'bad land, unfertile or uncultivated land' (now spelled -vast in the north and ga(s)t(te) in the south), the first element must be a personal name like in Martinvast
Martinvast
Martinvast is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(de Martin wasto ar. 1210), Sottevast
Sottevast
Sottevast is a commune in Normandy in north-western France.-Bombing of Sottevast in World War II:Sottevast was a Nazi Germany storage and servicing bunker for V-weapons. The site was captured by the 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment ....
(Sotewast 12th c.), Tollevast
Tollevast
Tollevast is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Toberwast ar. 1000 read 'Tolerwast', Tolewast 12th c.), Reniévast, etc. Derived word Va(s)tine (French Gâtine). Surnames Vatine, Vatinel, French Gatineau.
Description
Old Norse and Old English settlement names began with the Norse settlement at the end of the 9th century and particularly in the 10th with the creation of a Norman state by RolloRollo
Rollo has multiple meanings. It may mean:a first name*Rollo Armstrong, member of British dance act Faithless* Rollo May, American psychologist...
in 911. The speakers of Old Norse were linguistically assimilated into Francophone society within a few generations, so these settlement names can probably be dated before the 11th century. Most settlers and colonists of the 9th and 10th centuries were probably from the Danelaw
Danelaw
The Danelaw, as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , is a historical name given to the part of England in which the laws of the "Danes" held sway and dominated those of the Anglo-Saxons. It is contrasted with "West Saxon law" and "Mercian law". The term has been extended by modern historians to...
and could be Danish, Norwegian, or Anglo-Saxon. These languages were quite similar to each other and it is consequently sometimes difficult to make the difference between them, concerning the origin of the appellatives and male's names.
Old Norse and Old English appellatives
- Tot, -tot 'property'
It is the most common suffix of Old Norse origin. There are more than 300 places ending with -tot in Normandy. Its root is Old Norse topt (compare English -toft, Danish -toft) 'site of a house'. It can be used alone in the late formations of the 11th century : le Tot.
It can be combined with a male's name, for example : Yvetot
Yvetot
Yvetot is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-History:The name is of Scandinavian origin . The town is most likely of Scandinavian origin too. There is also a locality in Bromölla municipality in southern Sweden bearing the same name...
, Routot
Routot
Routot is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:...
, Martintot or Létantot, combined respectively with Yvo (Germanic), Hrolfr (Norse), Martin (Romance, rarely) or Lestan (<Leodstān / Leofstān, Anglo-Saxon). Compare Blactot with Blacktoft
Blacktoft
Blacktoft is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated on the north bank of the River Ouse, not far from where it flows into the River Trent and becomes the Humber...
GB, Old norse MN Blakkr.
Sometimes with a tree-name : Bouquetot
Bouquetot
Bouquetot is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:...
(Bochetot 1179, boki 'beech-tree'), Seltot (selja 'sallow'), Ectot
Ectot-l'Auber
Ectot-l’Auber is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated some northwest of Rouen at the junction of the D67, D467 and the D253 roads. The A29 autoroute passes along the commune’s northern...
/ Ecquetot
Ecquetot
Ecquetot is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:...
(Eschetoth 1055, Esketoth 1074, eski 'ash-tree', cf. Eastoft
Eastoft
Eastoft is a village and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. It lies within the Isle of Axholme, north-east of Crowle on the A161.The 2001 census recorded a parish population of 378.-History:...
GB, Eschetoft 12th c., Esketoft 13th c.).
With another appellative or adjectiv (Old Norse or Old English) : Martot (marr/ mere 'mere
Mere (lake)
Mere in English refers to a lake that is broad in relation to its depth, e.g. Martin Mere. A significant effect of its shallow depth is that for all or most of the time, it has no thermocline.- Etymology :...
', 'pond'), Életot
Életot
Életot is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village on the coast of the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, on the D79 road. A pebble beach and spectacular limestone cliffs can be reached by way of the...
(Esletetot 1025, sletta 'flat land' cf. Eslettes
Eslettes
Eslettes is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated by the banks of the Cailly River in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Rouen, at the junction of the D251, D44 and the D297 roads...
with English -s form = Sleights
Sleights
Sleights is an English village, rumoured to be the largest in North Yorkshire, England. It is located in the Esk Valley in the postal region of Whitby, and is part of the borough of Scarborough....
, GB), Hautot
Hautot-sur-Mer
Hautot-sur-Mer is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small town of farming and light industry situated in the Pays de Caux, immediately to the west of Dieppe, at the junction of the D75, D56 and D925 roads. The chalk cliffs and...
, Hottot
Hottot-les-Bagues
-External links:***...
or Hotot
Hotot-en-Auge
-References:*...
(Old English hōh 'slope', 'incline'. Cf. Huttoft
Huttoft
Huttoft is a small village, east of the market town of Alford in the East Lindsey district of the county of Lincolnshire, England.It lies along the A52 road, between Ingoldmells and Sutton-on-Sea.- Etymology :...
GB, Hotoft 11th c.), Brestot
Brestot
Brestot is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:...
( Breitot 1080, breiðr 'broad', the "(Br)-es-(tot)" spelling could represent the sound [ɛ] in Old French, the way it can still be pronounced nowadays [brɛto] or [breto] cf. Bratoft
Bratoft
Bratoft is a small hamlet in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies 6 miles east of Spilsby and 2 miles west of Burgh Le Marsh, and south of the A158....
GB, Breitoft 1115 ; Bretoft, Jönköping
Jönköping
-Notable people:*Lillian Asplund, RMS Titanic survivor*John Bauer, illustrator, painter*Amy Diamond, singer*Agnetha Fältskog, ABBA*Carl Henrik Fredriksson, editor-in-chief and co-founder of Eurozine*Anders Gustafsson, kayaker, Olympian...
, Sweden), Lanquetot
Lanquetot
Lanquetot is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D9015, D30 and D109 roads.-Heraldry:...
(Languetot 12th c. langr or lång 'long' cf. Langtoft GB) etc.
- BecBec (place name)Bec can be sometimes a place-name element meaning 'point', 'cape' Bec is more commonly a place-name element in Normandy, deriving from Norse bekkr, 'stream' Bec can be sometimes a place-name element meaning 'point', 'cape' (from the bird's beak, bec)Bec is more commonly a place-name element in...
, -bec = beckBeckBeck Hansen is an American musician, singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, known by the stage name Beck...
, 'stream' or 'brook'.
It can be found alone le Bec, in the late creations like le Tot.
Houlbec
Houlbec-Cocherel
Houlbec-Cocherel is a commune in the Eure department in Haute Normandie in northern France.-History:The Battle of Cocherel, an event of the Hundred Years' War that occurred on 16 May 1364.-Population:-References:*...
'hollow beck' (Holbec 12th c.), Foulbec
Foulbec
Foulbec is a commune in the Eure department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Population:...
'dirty beck' (Folebec 1066, cf. Fulbeck
Fulbeck
Fulbeck is a small village and civil parish in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies on the A607, north from Grantham and north-west from Sleaford. To the north is Leadenham, and to the south is Caythorpe.-Toponymy:...
GB, Fulebec 11th c.) , Caudebec
Caudebec-en-Caux
Caudebec-en-Caux is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:Caudebec-en-Caux is located W.N.W. of Rouen, on the right bank of the River Seine. The tidal bore in the estuary of the Seine which is known as the mascaret in French, but...
'cold beck' (Caldebec 1025, cf. Caldbeck
Caldbeck
Caldbeck is a village and civil parish in the Borough of Allerdale, Cumbria, England. Historically within Cumberland, the village had 714 inhabitants according to the census of 2001. It lies on the northern edge of the Lake District. The nearest town is Wigton, 6 miles north east of the village...
GB, Caldebeck 1060), etc.
- Bre(c)q-, -bre(c)que, sometimes Bricque- [?]
From Old Norse brekka 'slope', 'incline', 'hill'
Houllebrecque (Saint-Aubin-de-Crétot
Saint-Aubin-de-Crétot
Saint-Aubin-de-Crétot is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northwest of Rouen near the junction of the D34 and the D40 roads....
), Brecqhou
Brecqhou
Brecqhou is one of the Channel Islands and part of the Bailiwick of Guernsey. It is located just west of Sark and has a surface area of approximately...
and Briquedalle [?], etc. cf. GB, Norbreck, Warbreck
Warbreck
Warbreck is a Liverpool City Council Ward in Liverpool, England. It contains the northern parts of the Walton and Orrell Park areas of Liverpool.Warbreck is purely the name of the council ward and has never been used as a district name...
, Scarisbrick
Scarisbrick
Scarisbrick is a village and civil parish in West Lancashire, England. It is spread out along the A570 so there is no real village centre, though the junction with the A5147 is close to the geographic centre...
- -cher-, -quier
From Old Norse kjarr 'marsh', 'swamp'
Villequier
Villequier
Villequier is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A village of farming and forestry situated by the banks of the river Seine in the Pays de Caux, some west of Rouen near the junction of the D281 with the D81...
(Villequier, Villechier 12th C.) with Old English wiliġ, weliġ 'willow', Orcher
Gonfreville-l'Orcher
Gonfreville-l’Orcher is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:An industrial town based around an ancient village situated in the Pays de Caux, some east of Le Havre, in between the D982 and D9015 roads...
(Aurichier 12th C.) with Old English alri 'alders'; cf. GB, Ellerker
Ellerker
Ellerker is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately west of Hull city centre and east of the market town of Howden...
(Alrecher 11th C.)
- Escalle, -écal- 'shelter'
From Old Norse skali, Old English scale
Écalgrain, Brecquécal, Écalles-Alix
Écalles-Alix
Écalles-Alix is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northwest of Rouen at the junction of the D89 with the D6015 road.-Population:...
(Escales, end 12th C.) , Villers-Écalles
Villers-Écalles
Villers-Écalles is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A village of farming and associated light industry situated by the banks of the Austreberthe River in the Pays de Caux, some northwest of Rouen near the junction of the D88...
(Escalis 12th C.), Estouteville-Écalles
Estouteville-Écalles
Esteville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Rouen, at the junction of the D98 and the D919 roads.-Population:...
(Scalis, end 12th C.). cf. GB, Scales
- -gard 'yard', 'garden'
From Old Norse garðr
Auppegard
Auppegard
Auppegard is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some south of Dieppe at the junction of the D108 and D308 roads.-Etymology:...
(Appelgart 1160, Alpegard 12th C.), Épégard
Épégard
Épégard is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Alpegard 1199, with æppel 'apple'. Cf. Applegarth
Applegarth
-People:*Adam Applegarth , the Chief Executive Officer of the Northern Rock bank*Mark Applegarth, a professional rugby league footballer*Robert Applegarth , a prominent British trade unionist...
GB, Appelgard 1160), Figar(d), (with fiskr 'fish'), le Boullangard, etc.
- -gate / -gathe 'way'
Several Houlgate
Houlgate
Houlgate is a small tourist resort in northwestern France along the English Channel with a beach and a casino. It is a commune in the Drochon Valley, in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region.-Pre-19th century:...
, la Houlgate, Hôrgate 'hollow way', Hiégathe Castle. cf. GB, Holegate, Holgate (disambiguation)
- Hague
ON or OE haga 'enclosure'
la Hague
La Hague
La Hague is a region on the tip of the Cotentin peninsula in Normandy, France.La Hague is a picturesque place of Precambrian granite cliffs, coves and small fields surrounded by hedges. It faces the Channel Islands and there any many cousins on both side of the Alderney race.The dialect of the...
, le Tohague (l'Estohague 1456), Étauhague
Imbleville
Imbleville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village by the banks of the Saâne river in the Pays de Caux situated some south of Dieppe at the junction of the D2 with the D25....
(Estohague 1262) from stodhaga with stod 'stud' cf. Stodday
Stodday
Stodday is a hamlet in the Lancaster District, in the English county of Lancashire just south of the city of Lancaster. It is near the A588 road and the River Lune....
(GB, Stodhae, ar. 1200), le Haguedic (or Hague-dike) with Anglo-Norse dik. cf. dial. English dike, dyke 'ditch' cf. Alano atte Haggedik, England 1327
- Hogue, Hougue 'hill'
From Old Norse haugr 'hill'. West Norman dialect houguet 'small hill'
Les Hogues
Les Hogues
Les Hogues is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
, Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue
Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue
Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-Geography:Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue is situated in the Manche département, in the Basse-Normandie région. It is in the Quettehou canton, of the Cherbourg arrondissement. The town had a population of 2,097...
, la Hougue-Bie (Jersey
Jersey
Jersey, officially the Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes two groups of small islands that are no longer permanently inhabited, the Minquiers and Écréhous, and the Pierres de Lecq and...
), etc.
- Houlme, Hom(me) 'holm', 'islet'
From Old Norse holmr
Le Houlme
Le Houlme
-Places of interest:* The church of St.Martin, dating from the nineteenth century.* The war memorial.-External links:*...
(de Hulmo 1154), Robehomme
Bavent
Bavent is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.-Population:...
(Raimberti Hulmus 1083), Saint-Quentin-sur-le-Homme
Saint-Quentin-sur-le-Homme
Saint-Quentin-sur-le-Homme is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-References:*...
(Sanctum Quintinum 1179 / de Hulmo 1160), Néhou
Néhou
Néhou is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Nigellihulmus 12th C. male's name Njall > Néel > Nigel
Nigel
Nigel is an English masculine given name. The name is derived from the Latin Nigellus. This Latin word would seem to derive from the Latin niger, meaning "black"; however this is thought to be an example of an incorrect etymology created by French speaking clerics, who knew Latin as well, to...
), L'Isle-Marie (Holmus 1027, Beate Marie de Homme 12th C. Homme is later translated into Old French isle, mod. île, island), l'Isle-Dieu Abbey (Ile du Houlme 1190), les Échommes
Saint-Senier-sous-Avranches
Saint-Senier-sous-Avranches is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-Heraldry:-References:*...
(Eschehoume 1547).
The word homme is written like the French word homme 'man', but the pronunciation is different : French ɔm 'man' (the man = l'homme) / Norman χɔm or [hɔm] "holm" (the holm = le homme)
- Londe, -lon, -ron. Old NormanOld NormanOld Norman, also called Old Northern French or Old Norman French, was one of many langues d'oïl dialects. It was spoken throughout the region of what is now called Normandy and spread into England, Southern Italy, Sicily, and the Levant. It is the ancestor of modern Norman, including the insular...
londe (→ 16th C.) 'forest', 'wood'
From Old Norse lundr 'wood', 'forest' > -lunda.
Over 45 La Londe cf. La Londe
La Londe
-Places of interest: * A memorial to the Canadian soldiers that liberated the town in August 1944.* The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the sixteenth century.* A seventeenth century château.* A stone cross from the sixteenth century.* Some Roman ruins....
(Lunda ar. 1170) cf. Lund
Lund
-Main sights:During the 12th and 13th centuries, when the town was the seat of the archbishop, many churches and monasteries were built. At its peak, Lund had 27 churches, but most of them were demolished as result of the Reformation in 1536. Several medieval buildings remain, including Lund...
. La Londe-les-Maures
La Londe-les-Maures
La Londe-les-Maures is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.-References:*...
in southeastern France inherited its name from Antoine Lemonnier, Sieur of La Londe in Normandy. Several Les Londes (plural)
Combinations
-
- bók(i) 'beech-tree' : several BouquelonBouquelonBouquelon is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:...
, le Bois de Boclon (Saint-Léonard, Seine-MaritimeSaint-Léonard, Seine-MaritimeSaint-Léonard is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:An area of farming and light industry, in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D940 and D79 roads. The commune is just south of Fécamp...
, Bocolunda silva 1032, Bokelunt 1218) cf. BöklundBöklundBöklund is a municipality in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approx. 10 km north of Schleswig, and 22 km southeast of Flensburg....
Germany. La Bouquelonde (ValliquervilleValliquervilleValliquerville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northwest of Rouen at the junction of the D6015 with the D131e and the D110 roads....
) cf. Bøgelunde (Danemark) - eik(i) 'oak-tree' : several YquelonYquelonYquelon is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
/ Yclon / Iclon. f. e. Iclon (Ichelunt 1080) cf. Eikelund, TelemarkTelemarkis a county in Norway, bordering Vestfold, Buskerud, Hordaland, Rogaland and Aust-Agder. The county administration is in Skien. Until 1919 the county was known as Bratsberg amt.-Location:...
, Norway, Ekelunda, UppsalaUppsala- Economy :Today Uppsala is well established in medical research and recognized for its leading position in biotechnology.*Abbott Medical Optics *GE Healthcare*Pfizer *Phadia, an offshoot of Pharmacia*Fresenius*Q-Med...
, Sweden - Old English sċeaċere, sċeacre 'thief', 'brigand' > Anglo-Norse skakari : Écatelonde (LondinièresLondinièresLondinières is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming town situated by the banks of the river Eaulne in the Pays de Bray, some southeast of Dieppe at the junction of the D920, the D12, D117 and the D1314...
, Scakerlonde 1165); several Écaquelon f. e. ÉcaquelonÉcaquelonÉcaquelon is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Schacherlon 1174) , Écaquelon (RainfrevilleRainfrevilleRainfreville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A very small farming village situated by the banks of the river Saâne in the Pays de Caux at the junction of the D2 with the D270 road, some southwest of...
, Escakerlon 1169), Écaquelon (SmermesnilSmermesnilSmermesnil is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming commune created from three ancient parishes and situated at the 2nd highest point in the department, between the valleys of the Yères and the Eaulne rivers in the Pays de...
, Scakerlande 12th c.), etc.
- bók(i) 'beech-tree' : several Bouquelon
Étalondes
Étalondes
Étalondes is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A village of farming and light industry situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Dieppe at the junction of the D926, D126 and the D78 roads.-Population:-External links:*...
(Stanelonde 1059, Stenalunda 1119, steinn 'stone' or stān > stone). Le Héron
Le Héron
Le Héron is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small forestry and farming village situated at the confluence of the small Héron river with the Andelle, some east of Rouen at the junction of the D13, D46 and the D62...
(Hairun 1025 < *hæġ-lundr, Old English hæġ)
- Dalle, -dalle, -dal, Dau- = dale, valley
From ON dalr 'valley' or OE dæl > 'dale'
With a romance article : la Dalle, le Dallet, etc., Dieppedalle
Saint-Vaast-Dieppedalle
Saint-Vaast-Dieppedalle is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D53, D420 and D250 roads.-Population:-Places of interest:* The...
(Diepedale 1225, Old Norse djupr or Old English dēop 'deep', cf. Deepdale
Deepdale
Deepdale is a stadium in the Deepdale area of Preston, England, the home of Preston North End F.C. and, up to 2010, England's National Football Museum. Preston North End are one of the founder members of the Football League.- History :...
GB), Croixdalle
Croixdalle
Croixdalle is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A forestry and farming village situated in the Pays de Bray, some southeast of Dieppe, at the junction of the D17 and the D56 roads....
(Craudale 1253, Old English crāwe > 'crow'), Oudalle
Oudalle
Oudalle is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A village with light industry in its southern sector and farming in the northern part, in the Pays de Caux, situated some east of Le Havre, at the junction of the A131 autoroute with...
(Hulvedala 1025, ulfr 'wolf' cf. Norman surname Ouf), Bruquedalle
La Chapelle-Saint-Ouen
La Chapelle-Saint-Ouen is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A very small farming village situated in the Pays de Bray, some northeast of Rouen at the junction of the D38 and the D57 roads....
(Brokedale 1189, Old English brōc 'brook', 'stream', cf. Brookdale), Daubeuf-la-Campagne
Daubeuf-la-Campagne
Daubeuf-la-Campagne is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Dalbuoth 1010), Eurdal, Briquedalle, Louvedalle, etc.
- -beuf, Boos, rarelier -bot (Cotentin), 'barrack' 'shelter', 'village' (confusion with -by).
From Old Norse bóð (both) > English booth.
The use of -beuf / -bot corresponds to -by in GB. It explains the similar formations on both sides of the English Channel :
| Normandy | Great-Britain |
|---|---|
| Elbeuf (*Welleboth) | Welby (disambiguation) |
| Criquebeuf (*Kirkeboth) | Kirkby Kirkby Kirkby is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in the metropolitan county of Merseyside in England. The town was developed from the 1950s through 1970s as a means to house the overspill of Liverpool. It is situated roughly north of Huyton, the administrative HQ of the borough and about... |
| Daubeuf (*Dalboth) | Dalby Dalby Dalby is a Scandinavian place name meaning "valley settlement", during the Viking Age, the name was brought to England and it later also became an English surname... |
Elbeuf-sur-Andelle
Elbeuf-sur-Andelle
Elbeuf-sur-Andelle is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village situated by the banks of the Andelle river, some east of Rouen at the junction of the D13, D46 and the D293 roads.-Population:-Places of interest:*...
(Wellebotum 1218), Elbeuf
Elbeuf
-Population:-Places of interest:* The mairie, also housing the museum.* Two seventeenth century churches.* Some sixteenth century houses.* A fifteenth century stone cross.* The theatre , renovated in the late twentieth century.-Notable people:...
(Wellebuoht 1070 - 81, wella 'spring'), etc. Criquebeuf-en-Caux
Criquebeuf-en-Caux
Criquebeuf-en-Caux is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D211 and D940 roads...
(Cricheboum 1079, kirkja 'church'), etc. Lindebeuf
Lindebeuf
Lindebeuf is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux some northwest of Rouen, at the junction of the D25, D225 and the D103 roads.-Population:...
(Lindebeod 1142, lindi 'lind'), Daubeuf-la-Campagne
Daubeuf-la-Campagne
Daubeuf-la-Campagne is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Dalbuoth 1011), Daubeuf-près-Vatteville
Daubeuf-près-Vatteville
Daubeuf-près-Vatteville is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Dalbodo 1025, dalr 'valley'), etc. Bricquebosq
Bricquebosq
Bricquebosq is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Brichebot 1104, Brickebo 1224, later confusion with bosc 'wood'), Boos
Boos, Seine-Maritime
Boos is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming and light industrial town situated some south of Rouen at the junction of the D6014, D491 and the D138 roads...
(Bothas 1049, cf. Booths
Booths
Booths is a chain of supermarkets in Northern England. Most of its branches are located in Lancashire, but there are also branches in Cheshire, Cumbria, Greater Manchester, North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire. Booths is targeted at the middle class market and competes on quality as opposed to just...
. Old English plural -S), etc.
Two cases at least are doubtful : Criquebeuf-la-Campagne
Criquebeuf-la-Campagne
Criquebeuf-la-Campagne is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Crichebu 1203) and Carquebut
Carquebut
Carquebut is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Querquebu, Kerkebu, from 1165 to 1244). It is probably not both, but ON bú cf. DK Kværkeby (Querkeby 1198), or OE bū (bȳ) in some Kirkby / Kirby.
Sometimes -beuf has been misspelled -bœuf ('ox' in French) : Cricquebœuf
Cricquebœuf
Cricquebœuf is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Crikeboe 1198), Quillebœuf (Rock at Gatteville-le-Phare
Gatteville-le-Phare
Gatteville-le-Phare is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.-See also:*Communes of the Manche department*Antipodes Islands, the exact antipodes of Gatteville-le-Phare...
) same as Quillebeuf-sur-Seine
Quillebeuf-sur-Seine
Quillebeuf-sur-Seine is a commune in the north-western part of the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.Quillebeuf, which is an old port, is located on left bank of the Seine. The town is connected to Port-Jérôme, in Seine-Maritime via a car ferry.-Population:-References:*...
(unknown first element). Brébœuf (hamlets at Condé-sur-Vire
Condé-sur-Vire
-People:Among well known people born here is Father Jean de Brébeuf, a martyr and since 1930 a Catholic saint.-See also:*Communes of the Manche department...
and Sainte-Suzanne-sur-Vire
Sainte-Suzanne-sur-Vire
Sainte-Suzanne-sur-Vire is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-References:*...
) same as Jean de Brébeuf
Jean de Brébeuf
Jean de Brébeuf was a Jesuit missionary, martyred in Canada on March 16, 1649.-Early years:Brébeuf was born in Condé-sur-Vire, Normandy, France. He was the uncle of the fur trader Georges de Brébeuf. He studied near home at Caen. He became a Jesuit in 1617, joining the Order...
(breidr 'broad, large').
Other -bœuf place-names in Normandie and in other French regions really mean 'ox' and clearly allude to slaughterhouses : Écorchebœuf, Tubœuf
Saint-Michel-Tubœuf
Saint-Michel-Tubœuf is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.-References:*...
, Tombebœuf
Tombebœuf
Tombebœuf is a commune in the Lot-et-Garonne department in south-western France.-See also:*Communes of the Lot-et-Garonne department...
, Écornebœuf or Escornebœuf
Escornebœuf
Escornebœuf is a commune in the Gers department in southwestern France.-Population:-References:*...
.
- Thuit, Thuit-, -tuit 'assart'
From Old Norse thveit > dial. English thwaite.
Several le Thuit, Bracquetuit
Bracquetuit
Bracquetuit is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Bray, south of Dieppe, at the junction of the N29 and the D96 roads.-Population:...
(AN *brāke 'fern') cf. with ON brakni Brackenthwaite, GB or Bregentved, DK), Vautuit
Doudeville
Doudeville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:Called the flax capital, the town is situated at the centre of the Pays de Caux, the chalk plateau in High Normandy and one widely known for its fields of blue-flowered flax.*...
(Wautuit 12th c. MN Valr or Wal), Bliquetuit
Notre-Dame-de-Bliquetuit
Notre-Dame-de-Bliquetuit is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux by the banks of the river Seine, some west of Rouen at the junction of the D490 and the D65 roads...
(Belinguetuith 1025, Anglo-Saxon MN Baeling, cf. Badlingham GB, Belincgesham 1080), etc.
- Étain-, Étan-, Étenne-
From Old Norse steinn or Old English stān > stone
Grestain
Fatouville-Grestain
Fatouville-Grestain is a commune in the Eure department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Grestano 1050, OE grēat 'big' (> great), cf. Garston, Lancashire, Grestan 1150), Étainhus
Étainhus
Étainhus is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Heraldry:-Geography:Étainhus is a farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D234 and D39 roads.-Population:-See also:* Tramway de...
('Stonehouse'), Étaintot (Saint-Wandrille-Rançon
Saint-Wandrille-Rançon
Saint-Wandrille-Rançon is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in north west France.-Geography:A village of farming and forestry situated by the banks of the Seine, some south of Rouen at the junction of the D22, D33 and the D982 roads. Until 1960, the Pont de...
, Steintot 1074), Étheintot (Grainville-la-Teinturière
Grainville-la-Teinturière
Grainville-la-Teinturière is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming and forestry village situated by the banks of the Durdent river in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe, at the junction of the D71, the D75 and the...
, Esteintot 1198), Étalondes
Étalondes
Étalondes is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A village of farming and light industry situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Dieppe at the junction of the D926, D126 and the D78 roads.-Population:-External links:*...
(Stanelonde 1059, Stenalunda 1119), Étangval ('Stone valley', graphic attraction of the French word étang 'pond', pronounced [etã]), Mont Entenclin (Estenclif 1262), la Roche Gélétan (at Saint-Germain-des-Vaux
Saint-Germain-des-Vaux
Saint-Germain-des-Vaux is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-References:*...
, Jallestain ar. 1200, translated into French roche = stone)
- -clives, -lif, clé-, cli-
From Old Norse klif or Old English clif
Ancient Risleclif near the Risle
Risle
The Risle is a long river in Normandy, left tributary of the Seine.The river begins in Orne west of L'Aigle, crosses the western part of the department of Eure flowing from south to north and out into the estuary of the Seine on the left bank near Berville-sur-Mer...
river, Witeclif now 'Côte Blanche' (white cliff) : old vineyard at Évreux,
Verclives
Mesnil-Verclives
Mesnil-Verclives is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.- Etymology:Old North French Mesnil 'house' and Verclives Old English clif or Old Norse klif. Verclives is located on a small hill. The first element could be Old English waeter...
(Warcliva 1025), Clitourps
Clitourps
Clitourps is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-See also:*Communes of the Manche department...
(Clitorp 1164 - 1180), Cléville (Clivilla 1121 - 1133), Carquelif
Saint-Martin-en-Campagne
Saint-Martin-en-Campagne is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A coastal farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, at the junction of the D113, D313 and the D925 roads, some east of Dieppe. Huge chalk cliffs rise up over a...
(Kareclif 1226), Mont Entenclin (Estenclif 1262), Mont de Doville
Doville
Doville is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France....
= Mont d'Escaulequin 1499 (Dodville 1082, Sanctus Martinus d'Escalleclif 12th c., Escaulleclif 1213, Dovilla ar. 1280)
- Torp, Torps, Tourp, Tourps, -tour
From Old Norse torp
Torp
In Scandinavian languages torp means a small dwelling, such as a cottage, with a small leased farm area cultivated by its inhabitants, similar to a croft....
or Old English thorp 'settlement'
Several Torps, le Torp, le Torpt
Le Torpt
Le Torpt is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
. le Torp-Mesnil
Le Torp-Mesnil
Le Torp-Mesnil is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some north of Rouen at the junction of the D55, D25 and the D106 roads.-Population:...
, Clitourps
Clitourps
Clitourps is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-See also:*Communes of the Manche department...
(Clitorp 1164, with klif 'cliff') Saussetour
Fresville
Fresville is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France....
(Sauxetorp 12th C.), Sauxtour
Théville
Théville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Sauxetourp 1292) cf. G, Schleswig-Holstein, Saustrup
Saustrup
Saustrup is a municipality in the district of Schleswig-Flensburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany....
(Saxtorppe 1464) or Saxtorf (Saxtorppe 1499) with Saxi masculine name 'the Saxon'.
- -hus or -hurs 'house'
From Old Norse hus or Old English hūs
Sahurs
Sahurs
-Places of interest:* The church of St. Sauveur, dating from the eleventh century.* The sixteenth century Château de Soquence.* The manorhouse and chapel de Marbeuf, dating from the sixteenth century.* The Château de Trémauville.-People:...
(Salhus 1024, 'house of the sallow', cf. Salhouse
Salhouse
Salhouse is a village and civil parish within The Broads National Park in the English county of Norfolk. It lies south of the River Bure and Salhouse Broad, about north-east of Norwich....
GB and Salhus N), Étainhus
Étainhus
Étainhus is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Heraldry:-Geography:Étainhus is a farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D234 and D39 roads.-Population:-See also:* Tramway de...
.
- Crique-, -crique 'church'
From Old Norse kirkja 'church' (> dial. English kirk
Kirk
Kirk can mean "church" in general or the Church of Scotland in particular. Many place names and personal names are also derived from it.-Basic meaning and etymology:...
)
la Crique
La Crique
La Crique is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some south of Dieppe at the junction of the D115, the D99 and the D15 roads.-Population:...
(Not to be confused with the la Crique stream, that is 'creek'), Criquetot-l'Esneval
Criquetot-l'Esneval
Criquetot-l’Esneval is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming town situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D139, D239 and D79 roads....
(Criketot 1195), Criquetot-le-Mauconduit
Criquetot-le-Mauconduit
Criquetot-le-Mauconduit is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.The inhabitants of the town of Criquetot le Mauconduit are "Criquetot Criquetotaises"-Geography:...
(Kriquetot 12th C.), etc., Criquebeuf-en-Caux (Cricheboum 1079), etc. (cf. Kirkby
Kirkby
Kirkby is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley in the metropolitan county of Merseyside in England. The town was developed from the 1950s through 1970s as a means to house the overspill of Liverpool. It is situated roughly north of Huyton, the administrative HQ of the borough and about...
GB), Yvecrique
Yvecrique
Yvecrique is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northwest of Rouen near the junction of the D27 with the D20 road.-Population:...
- Veules, El- 'spring', 'stream'
From ON vella and OE wella
Veules-les-Roses
Veules-les-Roses
Veules-les-Roses is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A tourism and farming village situated on the coast of the English Channel in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe at the junction of the D68, D926 and the D142...
(Wellas 1025, name of a 1 km stream, from the spring to the sea at the eponym
Eponym
An eponym is the name of a person or thing, whether real or fictitious, after which a particular place, tribe, era, discovery, or other item is named or thought to be named...
place). English -S form cf. Wells
Wells
Wells is a cathedral city and civil parish in the Mendip district of Somerset, England, on the southern edge of the Mendip Hills. Although the population recorded in the 2001 census is 10,406, it has had city status since 1205...
(GB). Elbeuf
Elbeuf
-Population:-Places of interest:* The mairie, also housing the museum.* Two seventeenth century churches.* Some sixteenth century houses.* A fifteenth century stone cross.* The theatre , renovated in the late twentieth century.-Notable people:...
(Wellebuoth 1070 - 81), Elbeuf-sur-Andelle
Elbeuf-sur-Andelle
Elbeuf-sur-Andelle is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village situated by the banks of the Andelle river, some east of Rouen at the junction of the D13, D46 and the D293 roads.-Population:-Places of interest:*...
(Wellebotum 1218), Elbeuf-en-Bray
Elbeuf-en-Bray
Elbeuf-en-Bray is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Bray, some southeast of Dieppe, at the junction of the D57 and the D204 roads.-Population:...
(Wellebof 1046 - 48) cf. Welby, GB. Rouelles
Le Havre
Le Havre is a city in the Seine-Maritime department of the Haute-Normandie region in France. It is situated in north-western France, on the right bank of the mouth of the river Seine on the English Channel. Le Havre is the most populous commune in the Haute-Normandie region, although the total...
(Rodewella 1035) cf. Rothwell, GB.
- -vic, -vy 'bay', 'beach'
le Vicq, Sanvic
Le Havre
Le Havre is a city in the Seine-Maritime department of the Haute-Normandie region in France. It is situated in north-western France, on the right bank of the mouth of the river Seine on the English Channel. Le Havre is the most populous commune in the Haute-Normandie region, although the total...
(Sanwic 1035, probably from *Sandwic, vik with sand' cf. Sandvík
Sandvík
Sandvík is the northernmost village of the island of Suðuroy in the Faroe Islands. It is situated on the northern side of a shallow fjord. The small village was earlier known as Hvalvík until 1913...
(Faroe Islands), Sandwich Bay
Sandwich Bay
Sandwich Bay is a long sweeping inlet of the sea between Ramsgate and Deal, on the east coast of Kent, England. The coastal area consists of sand flats with their associated salt marshes and coastal sand dunes. The Sandwich Flats stretch for about five miles along the coast...
(Sandwich, Kent, Sandwic 993) GB. Houlvy, Cap-Lévi (ancient Kapelwic 12th c. with metathesis
Metathesis (linguistics)
Metathesis is the re-arranging of sounds or syllables in a word, or of words in a sentence. Most commonly it refers to the switching of two or more contiguous sounds, known as adjacent metathesis or local metathesis:...
), Vasouy
Honfleur
Honfleur is a commune in the Calvados department in northwestern France. It is located on the southern bank of the estuary of the Seine across from le Havre and very close to the exit of the Pont de Normandie...
(Wasewic, Wasuic 1035, probably OE wāse 'mud' : 'the muddy mouth' the Seine estuary ?), Brévy (with breiðr 'wide' 'broad' cf. Brevik
Brevik
is a town in Telemark, Norway with an estimated population of 2,700. Brevik was established as a municipality January 1, 1838 , but was merged with Porsgrunn on January 1, 1964. Brevik is regarded one of the best preserved towns from the sailing ship era...
, Breivik
Breivik
Breivik may refer to the following locations:* Breivik, Finnmark in Hasvik municipality, Finnmark, Norway* Breivik, Nordland in Bodø municipality, Nordland, Norway* Breivik, Telemark in Fyresdal municipality, Telemark, Norway...
, Breidvik (disambiguation), Breivika (disambiguation), Norway, etc.), Silvy (Selevy in 1570, de selr « seal » ? ), Carry (Carrwic in 1207, with kjarr « swamp ») ou Pulvy (with píll « alder-tree » ?)
Old English appellatives
- -bourg = borough,
Cabourg
Cabourg
Cabourg is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region of France.Cabourg belongs to the Paris Basin. The commune is located next to the sea and the back country is a plain, favourable to the cereal culture...
(Cadburgum 11th c., cf. Cadbury, Cadborough, GB), Wambourg
Saint-Aubin-sur-Quillebeuf
Saint-Aubin-sur-Quillebeuf is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.The village was formerly called Wambourg and Saint-Aubin-de-Vambourg. The name was Saxon in origin.-Population:...
(Wamburgum 1025, Weneborch 1147, cf. Wanborough, GB), Cherbourg (Chiersburg 1070, Chieresborc 1297, Old English ċiriċe 'church')
- Bruque- / -broc = OE
Croft (land)
A croft is a fenced or enclosed area of land, usually small and arable with a crofter's dwelling thereon. A crofter is one who has tenure and use of the land, typically as a tenant farmer.- Etymology :...
Vannecrocq
Vannecrocq
Vannecrocq is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:...
(Wanescrotum 11th c., cf. Walshcroft, GB), Bec-de-Croc (Bethecroth 11th c.). The spelling -C or -CQ is the result of a confusion with French croc 'fang', 'tooth'. final -C and -T are not being pronounced in French since the Middle Ages.
- -fleur 'run of water' 'river going into the sea'
flōd (> flood) or flēot (> fleet) :
Honfleur
Honfleur
Honfleur is a commune in the Calvados department in northwestern France. It is located on the southern bank of the estuary of the Seine across from le Havre and very close to the exit of the Pont de Normandie...
(Hunefleth 1025, Hunefloth ar. 1062), Barfleur
Barfleur
Barfleur is a commune in the Manche department in the Basse-Normandie region in north-western France.-Middle Ages:In the Middle Ages Barfleur was one of the chief ports of embarkation for England....
(Barbefleth, Barbeflueth 12th c.), Harfleur
Harfleur
-Population:-Places of interest:* The church of St-Martin, dating from the fourteenth century.* The seventeenth century Hôtel de Ville .* Medieval ramparts * The fifteenth century museums of fishing and of archaeology and history....
, Vittefleur
Vittefleur
Vittefleur is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated on the banks of the Durdent river in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe at the junction of the D69, D10 and the D268 roads.-Population:-Places of...
, Crémanfleur, Vicqfleur, la Gerfleur (stream).
The spelling /r/, the additional final -R, is due to an "official" correctism. -fleu was believed to be the local and popular pronunciation for fleur 'flower'.
- -ham = home, -ham
Ouistreham
Ouistreham
Ouistreham is a commune in the Calvados department' in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.Ouistreham is a small port with fishing boats, leisure craft and a ferry-harbour. It serves as the port of the city of Caen. The town is about the mouth of the Canal de Caen à la...
, Étréham
Étréham
Étréham is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwesternFrance.- Toponymy :Probably Saxon or Old English wester, west and hām, home, hamlet...
(ōstar, easter), le Ham, Huppain, Surrain
Surrain
Surrain is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.-Population:...
, Hemevez
Hémevez
Hémevez is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
.
- -land, -lan = land
Heuland with OD hoh 'decline', Ételan
Saint-Maurice-d'Ételan
Saint-Maurice-d’Ételan is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some east of Le Havre, on the D81 and D281 roads, by the banks of the meandering river Seine, which forms the commune’s...
(Esteilant 11th c.) with OE steġili 'steep'
Old Norse -i names
with Norse appellative / with Romance appellativeÉmondeville
Émondeville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Amundivilla 1269), Mondeville and probably Amontot (Reuville
Reuville
Reuville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some north of Rouen at the junction of the D50 and the D149 roads.-Population:...
), Amontot (Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc
Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc
Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc is a small farming and light industrial town in the Pays de Caux, situated some east of Le Havre, at the junction of the D34 and D6015...
) Agi (or OD Aghi) : Acqueville
Acqueville, Manche
Acqueville is a commune in the Manche department in the Basse-Normandie region in north-western France....
(Manche, Agueville until 15th c.) Áki (or OD Aki) : Achelunda 1070 - 79 (ON lundr 'wood') near Acqueville
Acqueville, Calvados
Acqueville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.Acqueville is from Caen, the capital of Basse-Normandie.-Population:...
(Calvados Achevilla 13th c.), same owner. Api : Aptot, Aptuit / Appeville
Hautot-sur-Mer
Hautot-sur-Mer is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small town of farming and light industry situated in the Pays de Caux, immediately to the west of Dieppe, at the junction of the D75, D56 and D925 roads. The chalk cliffs and...
, Appeville-Annebault
Appeville-Annebault
Appeville-Annebault is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
, Appeville
Appeville
Appeville is a commune in the Manche department in the Basse-Normandie region in north-western France....
(Apevilla in Baltesio 12th C.) cf. DK, Aptrup Atli : Autretot
Autretot
Autretot is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northwest of Rouen on the D131 road....
(Altetot 12th c., Altretot 1219) Baggi : La Baguelande
Les Andelys
Les Andelys is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Geography:It lies on the Seine, about 35 km northeast of Évreux.The commune is divided into two parts, Grand-Andely and Petit-Andely.-Population:-Sights:...
(Bagalunda 1200, Baguelonde 1237 / Bagueville
Magny-le-Désert
Magny-le-Désert is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.-References:*...
[?] Barni : Barneville-sur-Seine
Barneville-sur-Seine
Barneville-sur-Seine is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Barnevilla ar. 1078), Barneville-Carteret
Barneville-Carteret
Barneville-Carteret is a commune in the Manche department in the Basse-Normandie region in north-western France. It is situated on the western coast of the Cotentin peninsula some 30 km south of Cherbourg. It consists of three small urban areas, Barneville Bourg, Barneville Plage and Carteret...
(Barnavilla 1023 - 1026), etc. Bondi : Notre-Dame-de-Bondeville
Notre-Dame-de-Bondeville
-Population:-Places of interest:* The church of Notre-Dame, dating from the nineteenth century.* The nineteenth century ropemaking factory, now a museum.* Some thirteenth century ecclesiastical buildings.-External links:* *...
(Bundivilla ar. 1080) , Sainte-Hélène-Bondeville
Sainte-Hélène-Bondeville
Sainte-Hélène-Bondeville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village, in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D78 and D925 roads....
(Bondevilla 1198) cf. DK, Bonderup Bosi (confused with the Frankish name Boso) : Beuzeville
Beuzeville
Beuzeville is a commune in the north-western part of the department of Eure in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.Located on the Lieuvin plateau, it is adjacent to the communes of Pont-l'Évêque, Honfleur and Deauville...
(Bosevilla 1078 - 1087), Beuzeville-la-Grenier
Beuzeville-la-Grenier
Beuzeville-la-Grenier is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D910 and the D112 roads...
(Boseville 1172 - 1178), etc. Beuzebosc, Beuzemouchel, Beuzeval ; surname : Beux Boli : Bolbec
Bolbec
Bolbec is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France. Its inhabitants are called Bolbécais or Bolbécaises.-Geography:...
(Bolebec 11th C.) / Bolleville (Bolevilla 12th C.), Boulleville
Boulleville
Boulleville is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:...
(Bollivilla ar. 1080) Brami : Brametot
Brametot
Brametot is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, southwest of Dieppe, at the junction of the D142 and the D307 roads.-Population:...
(Bramatot ar. 1025) Geri : Gerville
Gerville
Gerville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D79 and D11 roads...
*Ginni : Gennetot, Gennetuit [?] cf. Domesday Book
Domesday Book
Domesday Book , now held at The National Archives, Kew, Richmond upon Thames in South West London, is the record of the great survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086...
masculine name Ghinius, Genius. Gintoft (G, Schleswig-Holstein, Gyntoft 1483) Gulli > Old Swedish Golle ; Anglo-Norse Golle : Golleville
Golleville
Golleville is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France....
(Golevilla, Gollevilla 12th - 13th c.). cf. Willelmus Goles mentioned in Audouville and Ulf de Westerne, pater Golle 1218 (Yorkshire). Surname Golle (Équeurdreville (disambiguation)). Helgi : Heuqueville (Heuguevilla 1198), Heugueville-sur-Sienne
Heugueville-sur-Sienne
Heugueville-sur-Sienne is a commune in the Manche department in northwestern France.-See also:*Communes of the Manche department...
(Helgevilla 1115), Heugon
Heugon
Heugon is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France....
(local lord's name) Hnakki : Urville-Nacqueville
Urville-Nacqueville
Urville-Nacqueville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-Heraldry:...
(Nakevilla 1148), Necqueville (Hautot-Saint-Sulpice
Hautot-Saint-Sulpice
Hautot-Saint-Sulpice is a commune in the Seine-Maritime département in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:Hautot-Saint-Sulpice is a small farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D53 and D10 roads.-Population:-Places of...
) Holti : Houtteville
Houtteville
Houtteville is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.-Heraldry:...
(Hultivilla 1070 - 1082, Holtavilla end 11th c.) Hunni or Húni : Honfleur
Honfleur
Honfleur is a commune in the Calvados department in northwestern France. It is located on the southern bank of the estuary of the Seine across from le Havre and very close to the exit of the Pont de Normandie...
(Hunefleth 1025, Hunefloth ar. 1062) / Honneville, Honaville Kari : Cartot, Carbec-Grestain
Fatouville-Grestain
Fatouville-Grestain is a commune in the Eure department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Carebec 12th c.) / Carville
Carville (disambiguation)
Carville originally Norman place name meaning Kari's farm. Kari was the name of the first Danish owner. It may refer to:-People:*Edward P...
, Carville-la-Folletière
Carville-la-Folletière
Carville-la-Folletière is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northwest of Rouen, at the junction of the D20 and the D22 roads....
(Carevilla 13th C.), etc. Karli : Cailletot, Calletot, Caltot / Calleville-les-Deux-Églises
Calleville-les-Deux-Églises
Calleville-les-Deux-Églises is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some south of Dieppe, at the junction of the D101 with the D203 road....
(Carlevilla 1143), etc. Kati : Catelon
Flancourt-Catelon
Flancourt-Catelon is a commune in the Eure department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(ecclesiam Catelunti 1096 - 1101) / Catteville
Catteville
Catteville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
Carneville
Carneville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Chernetvilla (?) 1074, Carnanvilla 12th c., Kiernevilla 1196) cf. Carnaby
Carnaby
Carnaby is a small village and civil parish on the A614 road in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated approximately south west of Bridlington town centre....
(GB, Cherendebi 1086, Kerendebi 1155 - 1157, Kernetebi 1190, Kerneteby 1267) Knapi : Canapville (kenapevilla 1180), Canappeville
Canappeville
Canappeville is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
, etc. cf. GB, Knaptoft
Knaptoft
Knaptoft is a civil parish in the Harborough district of Leicestershire, England, with a population of around 50. It is also a deserted village in this parish. Knaptoft just off the A5199 near Husbands Bosworth. Knaptoft House Farm nearby is bed and breakfast accommodation and a stud farm...
, Knapthorpe Koli : Colletot
Colletot
Colletot is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:...
/ Colleville, Colmesnil, Colbosc
Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc
Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc is a small farming and light industrial town in the Pays de Caux, situated some east of Le Havre, at the junction of the D34 and D6015...
cf. GB, Colby Korni : Cornemare / Corneville-la-Fouquetière
Corneville-la-Fouquetière
Corneville-la-Fouquetière is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
, Corneville-sur-Risle
Corneville-sur-Risle
Corneville-sur-Risle is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
Malti : Motteville
Motteville
Motteville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northwest of Rouen at the junction of the D20, D89, D53 and the D336 roads...
(Maltevilla 1059), Mautheville
Grainville-la-Teinturière
Grainville-la-Teinturière is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming and forestry village situated by the banks of the Durdent river in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe, at the junction of the D71, the D75 and the...
(Mautevilla ar. 1170) Muli : Le Mulambec / Muneville-le-Bingard
Muneville-le-Bingard
Muneville-le-Bingard is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-See also:*Communes of the Manche department...
Otti : Octeville
Cherbourg-Octeville
-Main sights:* La Glacerie has a race track.* The Cité de la Mer is a large museum devoted to scientific and historical aspects of maritime subjects.* Cherbourg Basilica* Jardin botanique de la Roche Fauconnière, a private botanical garden.* Le Trident theatre...
(Otteville 12th c.), Octeville-l'Avenel
Octeville-l'Avenel
Octeville-l'Avenel is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-See also:*Communes of the Manche department...
(Otheville 1240), Octeville-sur-Mer
Octeville-sur-Mer
Octeville-sur-Mer is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France and is twinned with Bourne End in United Kingdom since 2003 and with Furci Siculo in Italy since 2010.-Geography:...
Rúmfari : Saint-Romphaire
Saint-Romphaire
Saint-Romphaire is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-References:*...
instead of Saint-Romacaire (Lat. Romacharius, Germ. Rumakar) Runi : Runetot / Runeville, Reigneville-Bocage
Reigneville-Bocage
Reigneville-Bocage is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Runevilla 1105) cf. G, Schleswig-Holstein Rundhof, danish Runtoft (Runaetoft 1231) Saxi : Saussetour
Fresville
Fresville is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France....
(Sauxetorp 12th C.), Sauxtour
Théville
Théville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Sauxetourp 1290), Sassetot-le-Mauconduit
Sassetot-le-Mauconduit
Sassetot-le-Mauconduit is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village, by the coast of the English Channel, in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D5 and D79 roads...
/ Sasseville
Sasseville
Sasseville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village situated in the valley of the Durdent river in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe at the junction of the D50, D70 and the D925...
, Saussemesnil Sibbi : Sébeville
Sébeville
Sébeville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Sebevilla 1159 - 1181) ≠ Sébécourt
Sébécourt
-References:*...
with Germanic name Sigebert
Sigebert
Sigebert was the name of several early Frankish and Anglo-Saxon kings:*Sigobert the Lame *Sigebert of Gembloux...
us > patronymic Sébert (Normandy and Picardy) *Silli or Sild(*i) : Cidetot (Silletot 12th C.), Silleron
Angiens
Angiens is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe, at the junction of the D75, D37 and D468 roads.-Population:...
(< *Silli-lundr) / Cideville
Cideville
Cideville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northwest of Rouen, at the junction of the D304 and the D263 roads.-Population:...
(Silde villa 1075), Sideville
Sideville
Sideville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Sildeville 1200) cf. Sillerup (Schleswig-Holstein, Silderup 1638) Skalli (OD Scalli) "bald head" : Écausseville
Écausseville
Écausseville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-See also:*Communes of the Manche department...
(Escaullevilla 1147, Escallevilla 1175, 1203, 1232), Écolleville
Saint-Sauveur-de-Pierrepont
Saint-Sauveur-de-Pierrepont is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-References:*...
(Escauleville 1407, 1461, 1499) near Mont d'Escaulequin 1499 (Escalleclif 12th c.) Skeggi : Ecuquetot (Eskeketot 1222) / Equiqueville (Schechevilla 1142 - 1150) Cf. GB Skeyton
Skeyton
Skeyton is a village and a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. The village is south of Cromer, north of Norwich and north-east of London. The village lies east of the nearby town of Aylsham. The nearest railway station is at North Walsham for the Bittern Line which runs between...
, Skegby
Skegby
Skegby is a small village in the Ashfield district of Nottinghamshire, England, located two miles west of Mansfield and one mile north of Sutton-in-Ashfield, close to Stanton Hill lying on the B6014 road. Skegby sits on both sides of a deep valley near the source of the River Meden...
Skrauti : Écretteville-les-Baons
Écretteville-lès-Baons
Écretteville-lès-Baons is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northwest of Rouen near the junction of the D110 with the D6015 road....
(Scrotivilla 1006), Écretteville-sur-Mer
Écretteville-sur-Mer
Écretteville-sur-Mer is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A very small farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, just by the D79 road.-Population:...
(Escrutevilleta 13th C.) Skuli : Écultot (Esculetot ar. 1210)/ Éculleville
Éculleville
Éculleville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Esculleville → 16th C.) Soti : Sottevast
Sottevast
Sottevast is a commune in Normandy in north-western France.-Bombing of Sottevast in World War II:Sottevast was a Nazi Germany storage and servicing bunker for V-weapons. The site was captured by the 504th Parachute Infantry Regiment ....
, Sotteville-les-Rouen
Sotteville-lès-Rouen
- Transportation :The métro connects the commune with Rouen and Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray.The commune used to be a railway town in the days of the old Rouen tramway.- Population :- Places of interest :* The three churches of Notre-Dame, St...
(Sotavilla ar. 1020), Sotteville-sous-le-Val
Sotteville-sous-le-Val
Sotteville-sous-le-Val is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in a meander of the river Seine, some south of Rouen at the junction of the D91, D92 and the D292 roads. The A13 autoroute runs through the...
(Sotevilla 1087 - 1092), etc. Stali : Etalleville
Étalleville
Étalleville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe at the junction of the D149 and the D89 road.-Population:...
(Stalavilla 1185) Sturi or Styri : Étretat
Étretat
Étretat is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France. It is a tourist and farming town situated c. 32 km northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D940, D11 and D139 roads. It's located on the coast of the Pays de Caux area.-The...
(Strutat ar. 1040) / Étréville
Étréville
Étréville is a commune in the Eure department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Sturivilla ar. 1054), Éturville (Sturvilla 1165) ; surname : Estur (Pays de Caux
Pays de Caux
The Pays de Caux is an area in Normandy occupying the greater part of the French département of Seine Maritime in Haute-Normandie. It is a chalk plateau to the north of the Seine Estuary and extending to the cliffs on the English Channel coast - its coastline is known as the Côte d'Albâtre...
) Svarti : Surville (Souarville 1220, Soarvilla 1221) Svarthofdi : Surtauville
Surtauville
Surtauville is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:...
(Sortovilla 1214), Sortosville Toki : Tocqueville (Tokevilla ar. 1065), Tocqueville-sur-Eu
Tocqueville-sur-Eu
Tocqueville-sur-Eu is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village situated in the Pays de Caux and on the coast of the English Channel, some northeast of Dieppe on the D925 road.Here, huge chalk cliffs rise up from...
(Toche villa 1059), etc. Tofi : Le Mesnil-Tove
Le Mesnil-Tôve
Le Mesnil-Tôve is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in northwestern France.-External links:*...
Tommi or Tummi : Tonneville
Tonneville
Tonneville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Tommevilla, Thommevilla 13th. c.), Saint-Georges-de-la-Rivière
Saint-Georges-de-la-Rivière
Saint-Georges-de-la-Rivière is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-References:*...
(Tummavilla 1080, Tommevilla 1286) ≠ Tonneville (Bourville
Bourville
Bourville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe, at the junction of the D108 and the D237 roads.-Population:...
, Taunacum villa 702 - 704, Tonnevilla ar. 1210) Thori : Tourville Vigi : Prétot-Vicquemare
Prétot-Vicquemare
Prétot-Vicquemare is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A very small farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northwest of Rouen at the junction of the D25, D27 and the D106 roads....
(Wiguemare ar. 1210), Victot-Pontfol
Victot-Pontfol
-References:*...
(Vigetot ar. 1160)
Old Norse simple and combined names
Saint-Pierre-d'Arthéglise
Saint-Pierre-d'Arthéglise is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-References:*...
(Sancti Petri de Archetiglise ar. 1150) Ásbjǫrn or Ásbiǫrn : Auzouville-Auberbosc
Auzouville-Auberbosc
Auzouville-Auberbosc is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D109 and the D104...
(Osber boscus 12th C.), Aubermesnil-Beaumais
Aubermesnil-Beaumais
Aubermesnil-Beaumais is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some south of Dieppe, at the junction of the D915 and D100 roads.-Population:...
(Osberni mesnil 1040 - 66), etc. Auberville-la-Manuel
Auberville-la-Manuel
Auberville-la-Manuel is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some west of Dieppe on the D68 road.-Heraldry:-Population:...
(Osberni villa ar. 1040), etc. Medieval Norman first name Osbern > surname : Auber, Osbert, maybe influence of OE Ōs-bearn for Asbjǫrn, mod. Osborn ≠ Auberville-sur-Eaulne, Auberville-sur-Yères, former Alberti villa, like Aubervilliers
Aubervilliers
Aubervilliers is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.-Name:In medieval times the name Aubervilliers was recorded as Alberti Villare, meaning "estate of Adalbert"...
(Île-de-France, Albertvillare 1060) and French surname Aubert
Aubert
Aubert is a surname, and may refer to:* Abbé Aubert, French dramatist, poet and journalist * Alexander Aubert, English merchant* Andreas Aubert, Norwegian art historian* Aristide Aubert Du Petit Thouars, French naval officer...
'Albert' Ásgautr : Angoville; surname : Angot (cf. Jean Ango
Jean Ango
Jean Ango was a French ship-owner who provided ships to Francis I for exploration of the globe. A native of Dieppe, Ango took over his father's import-export business, and ventured into the spice trade with Africa and India...
, italianized version) Ásfriðr : Amfreville (Ansfrevilla 12th C.), Amfreville-les-Champs (Anfridivilla ar. 1034), Amfreville-la-Campagne
Amfreville-la-Campagne
Amfreville-la-Campagne is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Ansfredville 1095), etc. ; surnames : Anfry, Lanfry, Anfray Ásketill : Anquetot / Ancteville
Ancteville
Ancteville is a commune in the Manche department in the Basse-Normandie region in north-western France....
(Ansketevilla 1196), Anctoville-sur-Boscq
Anctoville-sur-Boscq
Anctoville-sur-Boscq is a commune in the Manche department in the Basse-Normandie region in north-western France.*Postal code: 50400*INSEE code: 50008*Population: 424 *Area: 2.15 km²*Density 197.21/km²*Canton: Bréhal...
(Anschitilvilla 1159), Ancourteville-sur-Héricourt
Ancourteville-sur-Héricourt
Ancourteville-sur-Héricourt is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D233 and the D105.-Population:...
(Anschetilvilla ar. 1024), Ancretteville-sur-Mer
Ancretteville-sur-Mer
Ancretteville-sur-Mer is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D33 and the D68.-Population:...
(Anschetevilla 12th C.), etc. ; surnames : Anquetil, Anquetille, Anctil, Anquety, Amptil, Anketell (GB). Ocqueville
Ocqueville
Ocqueville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux at the junction of the D105 and the D70 roads, some southwest of Dieppe .-Population:...
(Oskevilla ar. 1150) from the Anglo-Norse version Oskel Ásleikr : Anneville (Anneville-Ambourville
Anneville-Ambourville
-Population:-Places of interest:* The thirteenth century château d'Ambourville, known as the 'Templars manorhouse', with an octagonal dovecote.* The château des Girouettes with a 17th century dovecote and chapel....
: Anslecvilla 1057) ; old surname Anlec (Jersey
Jersey
Jersey, officially the Bailiwick of Jersey is a British Crown Dependency off the coast of Normandy, France. As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes two groups of small islands that are no longer permanently inhabited, the Minquiers and Écréhous, and the Pierres de Lecq and...
1306, Hémevez
Hémevez
Hémevez is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
ar. 1320) cf. Ansleicus. Ásmundr / Osmundr : Omonville-la-Foliot (Osmundi villa 1197), Omonville
Omonville
Omonville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux at the junction of the D102 and the D927 roads, some south of Dieppe.-Population:...
(Osmundivillam 1155), etc. Saint-Martin-Osmonville
Saint-Martin-Osmonville
Saint-Martin-Osmonville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.The inhabitants of the town of Saint-Martin-Osmonville are "St. Martin, St...
(Osmundi villam 1137) ; surnames Osmond (Cotentin), Osmont (Pays de Caux
Pays de Caux
The Pays de Caux is an area in Normandy occupying the greater part of the French département of Seine Maritime in Haute-Normandie. It is a chalk plateau to the north of the Seine Estuary and extending to the cliffs on the English Channel coast - its coastline is known as the Côte d'Albâtre...
, Cotentin), Omond and Omont. cf. Saint Osmund Ásulfr : Auzouville, Ozeville ; surnames : Auzou(x), Auzout, Auzouf, Osouf Blakkr : Blactot / Blacqueville
Blacqueville
Blacqueville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux northwest of Rouen, at the junction of the D263 and the D22 roads.-Population:...
(Blachrevilla ar. 1080), Chamblac
Chamblac
Chamblac is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:...
(Campus Blaque 12th C.). cf. GB, Blacktoft
Blacktoft
Blacktoft is a village and civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is situated on the north bank of the River Ouse, not far from where it flows into the River Trent and becomes the Humber...
Brandr : Branville-Hague
Branville-Hague
Branville-Hague is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
, Brainville Bretakollr : Brectouville (Britecolvilla 1159) Farmaðr (OD Farman, ONw Farmann) "wayfarer, traveller" : Fermanville (Farmanville 12th c.), Fermanbreuil (Carneville), Saint-Denis-le-Ferment
Saint-Denis-le-Ferment
Saint-Denis-le-Ferment is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in north-western France.-Population:-References:*...
(Sanctus Dyonisus de Farman 1199). Recorded as a personal name in Magni Rotuli Scaccariae Normanniae : Willemus Ferman. Modern Norman surname Ferment. In England, it is often mentioned in the Middle Ages, f. e. : Farmannus in 1066 (Hampshire
Hampshire
Hampshire is a county on the southern coast of England in the United Kingdom. The county town of Hampshire is Winchester, a historic cathedral city that was once the capital of England. Hampshire is notable for housing the original birthplaces of the Royal Navy, British Army, and Royal Air Force...
), Richard Fareman in 1086 (Cambridgeshire
Cambridgeshire
Cambridgeshire is a county in England, bordering Lincolnshire to the north, Norfolk to the northeast, Suffolk to the east, Essex and Hertfordshire to the south, and Bedfordshire and Northamptonshire to the west...
), Roger Fareman or Farman in 1260 (Yorkshire), etc. Place-name Farmanby Fastulfr : Fatouville-Grestain
Fatouville-Grestain
Fatouville-Grestain is a commune in the Eure department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Fastovilla 1140), Fatouville, etc. Fotr : Fauville
Sainte-Mère-Église
Sainte-Mère-Église is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-History:Founded in the eleventh Century, the earliest records include the name Sancte Marie Ecclesia, Latin for "Church of St. Mary", while a later document written in Norman-French mentions Saincte...
(Manche, Fodvilla 1225), Fauville
Fauville
Fauville is a commune in the Eure department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Population:...
(Eure, Foville 1152), etc. cf. GB Fosdyke
Fosdyke
Fosdyke is a village and civil parish in Lincolnshire, England. It lies about south of Boston just off the A17, and east from the junction of the A17 with the A16. The village is near the mouth of the River Welland, and the parish extends across the river to include both ends of the hamlet of...
(Yorkshire, Fotesdic 1183), Foston (disambiguation) (Yorkshire, Fodstone 12th c.) Grimr : Grainval (Saint-Léonard, Seine-Maritime
Saint-Léonard, Seine-Maritime
Saint-Léonard is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:An area of farming and light industry, in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D940 and D79 roads. The commune is just south of Fécamp...
, Grinval ar. 1040) , Mesnil-Grain, Grainville
Grainville
Grainville is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:...
, Grainville-la-Teinturière
Grainville-la-Teinturière
Grainville-la-Teinturière is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming and forestry village situated by the banks of the Durdent river in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe, at the junction of the D71, the D75 and the...
(Grinvillam 1082 - 1087), Grainville-sur-Ry
Grainville-sur-Ry
Grainville-sur-Ry is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming and forestry village situated some east of Rouen, at the junction of the D62 and the D7a roads.-Population:...
(Grinvilla 1055 - 1056), etc. Medieval Latin name Grinius ≠ Grainville-Ymauville
Grainville-Ymauville
Grainville-Ymauville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D75 and D10 roads...
(Gerwinivilla 1032 - 1035, Germanic N Gerwinus) Gunnulfr : Gonnetot
Gonnetot
Gonnetot is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe, on the D27 road and in the valley of the river Saâne....
/ Gonneville-la-Mallet
Gonneville-la-Mallet
Gonneville-la-Mallet is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some north of Le Havre, at the junction of the D129 and D32 roads.-Population:...
, etc. ; surnames : Gounout, Gounouf Gunnfriðr : Gonfreville-l'Orcher
Gonfreville-l'Orcher
Gonfreville-l’Orcher is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:An industrial town based around an ancient village situated in the Pays de Caux, some east of Le Havre, in between the D982 and D9015 roads...
(Gonfrevilla 12th c.), Gonfreville-Caillot
Gonfreville-Caillot
Gonfreville-Caillot is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D452 and D75 roads....
(Gunfredi villa ar. 1024), Gonfreville
Gonfreville
Gonfreville is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France....
, Mesnil-Gonfroy ; surnames : Gonfroy (Calvados, Manche, Seine-Maritime), Gonfrey (Manche), Gonfray (Seine-Maritime) Hals : Hauville
Hauville
Hauville is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Halsvilla 1014) Hasteinn : Hattentot / Hattenville
Hattenville
Hattenville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.The most famous reference to Hattenville is in Paul Cézanne's painting 'Farm in Normandy, Summer'...
(Hastingi villa 1032 - 1035), Hatainville ; Medieval Latin name Hastincus *Helgimaðr : Hecmanville
Hecmanville
Hecmanville is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Heuguemanville 1331) Holmgeirr : Hougerville cf. mod. name Holger Hugleikr : Hugleville-en-Caux
Hugleville-en-Caux
Hugleville-en-Caux is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A village of forestry and farming in the Pays de Caux, situated some north of Rouen, at the junction of the D22, D63 and the D467 roads...
, Heugleville-sur-Scie
Heugleville-sur-Scie
Heugleville-sur-Scie is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A forestry and farming village situated by the banks of the river Scie in the Pays de Caux, some south of Dieppe at the junction of the D3, the D96 and the D296...
Ingulfr : Ingouville
Ingouville
Ingouville, also known as Ingouville-sur-Mer, is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:...
(Ingulfi villam 990), Digosville
Digosville
Digosville is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France....
(Ingulvilla [?] ar. 1095, Digouvilla 1198) for *d'Ingo(u)ville with article
Article (grammar)
An article is a word that combines with a noun to indicate the type of reference being made by the noun. Articles specify the grammatical definiteness of the noun, in some languages extending to volume or numerical scope. The articles in the English language are the and a/an, and some...
agglutination
Agglutination
In contemporary linguistics, agglutination usually refers to the kind of morphological derivation in which there is a one-to-one correspondence between affixes and syntactical categories. Languages that use agglutination widely are called agglutinative languages...
; surnames : Ingouf, Ygout, Igout.. Ketill : Quettehou
Quettehou
Quettehou is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.-Geography:The town of Quettehou is located at the North-East tip of the peninsula of Cotentin in an area called Val de Saire, the vale of the river Saire.-History:...
, Quettetot
Quettetot
Quettetot is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France....
/ Quetteville, Cretteville
Cretteville
Cretteville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-World War II:After the liberation of the area by Allied Forces in 1944, engineers of the Ninth Air Force IX Engineering Command began construction of a combat Advanced Landing Ground outside of the town...
; surnames : Quétil, Quétel, Quetil, Quetel Klakkr : Mesnil-Claque
Fresne-le-Plan
Fresne-le-Plan is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated on the border with the department of Eure, some east of Rouen, at the junction of the D13 and the D42 roads....
, Claville-Motteville
Claville-Motteville
Claville-Motteville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated by the banks of the Cailly River, in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Rouen, at the junction of the D151 and the D6 roads.-Population:-Places...
, Clasville
Clasville
Clasville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated by the banks of the river Durdent in the Pays de Caux, some southeast of Dieppe, near the junction of the D925 and the D271 roads.-Population:-External...
cf. GB, Clacton Kolbeinn : Compainville
Compainville
Compainville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in north-western France.-Geography:A small farming village situated by the banks of the Béthune River in the Pays de Bray, some south of Dieppe, at the junction of the D20 and the D13...
(Cobeinvilla 1200, Cobbenivilla 1237) Krókr : Faubourg du Pré (Saint-Lô, Maisnillum Croc 1174, Le Mesnil-Croc), Cropus
Cropus
Cropus is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some south of Dieppe, at the junction of the D100 and the D76 roads.-Population:...
, Crosville-sur-Scie
Crosville-sur-Scie
Crosville-sur-Scie is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated by the banks of the river Scie in the Pays de Caux, some south of Dieppe, at the junction of the D107 and the D3 roads.-Population:-External links:*...
(Crocvilla ar. 1020), Crosville-sur-Douve
Crosville-sur-Douve
Crosville-sur-Douve is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-See also:*Communes of the Manche department...
, Crosville-la-Vieille
Crosville-la-Vieille
Crosville-la-Vieille is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
, etc. Morfar : Montfarville
Montfarville
Montfarville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Morfarvilla (w. d.), Morfarvilla 1210, 1260, 1280). Scandinavian name used in the north of England. The spelling Mont- appears only in 1792. Njáll, Njál (< Old Irish Niall) : Néville
Néville
Néville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux at the junction of the D53, D69 and the D105 roads, some southwest of Dieppe .-Heraldry:...
(Nevilla 1032 - 1035), Néville-sur-Mer
Néville-sur-Mer
Néville-sur-Mer is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-See also:*Communes of the Manche department...
(Neevilla 12th, Nigevilla 12th), Néhou
Néhou
Néhou is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Neauhou ar. 1175, Nealhou ar. 1210, Nigelli Hulmus 12th c.). Old Norman first name Neel (see Néel I de Saint-Sauveur, Néel II de Saint-Sauveur), surname Néel
Neel
Neel may refer to:* Alice Neel film about painter Alice Neel* Neel, in Indian numbering system* Neel Kamal directed by Kidar Nath Sharma- Neel as a first name :* Neel Akasher Neechey, a Bengali language film director...
, often ill latinized in Nigel
Nigel
Nigel is an English masculine given name. The name is derived from the Latin Nigellus. This Latin word would seem to derive from the Latin niger, meaning "black"; however this is thought to be an example of an incorrect etymology created by French speaking clerics, who knew Latin as well, to...
Ospakr : Le Mesnil-Opac
Le Mesnil-Opac
Le Mesnil-Opac is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
Sigbrandr : Cibrantot (Terre de Sibrantot in Mémoire de la société des antiquaires de Normandie, 1852) Sigfridr : Chiffretot / Chiffreville
Sévigny
Sévigny is a commune in the Orne department in north-western France.-See also:*Communes of the Orne department*Haras du Petit Tellier, one of the oldest thoroughbred horse breeding farms in France-References:*...
(Sigefridisvilla 1035), Chiffrevast, Cheffreville-Tonnencourt
Cheffreville-Tonnencourt
Cheffreville-Tonnencourt is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Seicfrede villa 1024, Sigefredivilla 1135). Patronymic : Seffray Skallagrímr : Baie d'Écalgrain Skammhals > Old Danish Skammel : Équemauville
Équemauville
-References:*...
(Scamelli Villae 1048) *Snægeir : Négreville
Négreville
Négreville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Esnegervilla 1185 - 1189), Montem Esnerguier 1251 (maybe *Snærgeir). Smiðr : Émiéville
Émiéville
-References:*...
(Esmitvilla 1129), Émainville
Saint-Pierre-la-Garenne
Saint-Pierre-la-Garenne is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Smit villa ar. 1024) Sprot : Épretot
Épretot
Épretot is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D31 and C3 roads. Junction 6 of the A29 autoroute with the D31 road is within the...
(Espretot 1131) / Épreville
Épreville
Épreville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A light industrial and farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D11 and D925 roads....
(Sprovilla ar. 1025), etc. Starr : Éterville
Éterville
-References:*...
(Starvilla 1081) Summarliði : † Summerleevilla ar. 1210, Cotentin Svartingr : Surtainville
Surtainville
Surtainville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. It is located on the west coast of the Cotentin Peninsula about 25 km south of Cherbourg...
(Sortinvilla ar. 1062) Thorfriðr : Touffrécale (Torfrescalis 1156) / le Mesnil-Touffray
Barbery, Calvados
Barbery is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.-History:During early medieval times Barbery and its abbey were under control of the de Livet family.-Population:...
, Touffreville (Turfreivilla 1121 - 1135), Touffreville-la-Corbeline
Touffreville-la-Corbeline
Touffreville-la-Corbeline is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northwest of Rouen at the junction of the D104, D37 and the D131 roads....
(Turfreitvilla ar. 1040), etc. Thorgautr : Turgauville
Gonfreville-l'Orcher
Gonfreville-l’Orcher is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:An industrial town based around an ancient village situated in the Pays de Caux, some east of Le Havre, in between the D982 and D9015 roads...
, surname : Turgot Thorgisl : Tourgéville
Tourgéville
Tourgéville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.The Deauville-Clairefontaine Racecourse is located on the territory of the commune.-Population:-References:*...
, Saint-Jean-de-la-Rivière
Saint-Jean-de-la-Rivière
Saint-Jean-de-la-Rivière is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-References:*...
(Turgisvilla 1023), Torgisval at Saint-Vaast-d'Équiqueville
Saint-Vaast-d'Équiqueville
Saint-Vaast-d’Équiqueville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated by the banks of the Béthune River in the Pays de Bray, some southeast of Dieppe at the junction of the D1, D22 and the D14...
(Torgisval 1180), Old priory Torgistorp (1150) at Clitourps. cf. DK, Truelstrup (Torgilstorp w. d.) ; surnames : Turgis, Tourgis. See FitzTurgis > Sturgis (disambiguation), Sturges
Sturges
Sturges is a surname, and may refer to:* William Sturges Bourne , British politician* Graeme Sturges , Australian politician* Jock Sturges , American photographer* John Sturges , American film director...
Thorketill : Teurthéville-Hague
Teurthéville-Hague
Teurthéville-Hague is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-See also:*Communes of the Manche department...
(Torquetevilla 12 th C.), Teurthéville-Bocage
Teurthéville-Bocage
Teurthéville-Bocage is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-See also:*Communes of the Manche department...
(Torquetelvilla 1180 - 1182) ; surnames : Turquetil, Teurquetil, Turquety, Truptil. Torqueville, Turqueville
Turqueville
Turqueville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Torclevilla 1158) from Torkel shortened version of this name. Thorlakr : Tourlaville
Tourlaville
Tourlaville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-Heraldry:-See also:*Communes of the Manche department...
(Torlachvilla 1063 - 1066), Tout-la-ville (Torlavilla 1198) Tous-les-Mesnil (Toulamesnil 1328); old surname Tourlaque (cf. Rue Tourlaque in Paris) Thormodr : Trémauville
Trémauville
Trémauville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A very small farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some east of Le Havre, in between the D17 and D217 roads.-Population:...
(Tormodi villa 1023), Tourmauville (Tormovilla 1172), Turmeauville, etc. Thorsteinn : Toutainville
Toutainville
Toutainville is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Turstini villa ar. 1080), La Noë-Poulain
La Noë-Poulain
La Noë-Poulain is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Sanctus Audoenus de Bosco Turstini w.d.); surnames Tostain, Toustain, Toutain : most common Normanic surname > probably because of saint Toutains popularity > English Thurstan
Thurstan
Thurstan or Turstin of Bayeux was a medieval Archbishop of York, the son of a priest. He served kings William II and Henry I of England before his election to the see of York in 1114. Once elected, his consecration was delayed for five years while he fought attempts by the Archbishop of Canterbury...
(= Turstin of Bayeux).
Turretot
Turretot is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D78 and D125e roads.-Population:...
/ Trouville (cf. Trouville, Seine-Maritime
Trouville, Seine-Maritime
See also Trouville-sur-Mer and Trouville-la-Haule Trouville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:...
, Thorouvilla ar. 1240), Bourgtheroulde
Bourgtheroulde-Infreville
Bourgtheroulde-Infreville is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:-External links:*...
; surnames : Thouroude, Théroude, Throude, Troude
Tollevast
Tollevast is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Toberwast ar. 1000, for *Tolerwast, Tolewast 12th c.), Tolleville (w.a.f.). Charta
Charta
Charta is a town and municipality in the Santander Department in northeastern Colombia....
of the Héauville
Héauville
Héauville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
Priory
Priory
A priory is a house of men or women under religious vows that is headed by a prior or prioress. Priories may be houses of mendicant friars or religious sisters , or monasteries of monks or nuns .The Benedictines and their offshoots , the Premonstratensians, and the...
: Guillermus filius Rogerii Toler 1152.
Oudalle
Oudalle is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A village with light industry in its southern sector and farming in the northern part, in the Pays de Caux, situated some east of Le Havre, at the junction of the A131 autoroute with...
(Hulvedala ar. 1025) / Ouville
Ouville
Ouville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.-History:Oufs farm. Ouf from the Norse Ulfr , which survives in the Norman surname Ouf, common in the region of le Havre.-Heraldry:...
, Ouville-la-Bien-Tournée
Ouville-la-Bien-Tournée
-References:*...
(Ulvilla 1121 - 1128), etc. cf. DK Uldall (Wldall 1508); surname : Ouf.
Valletot
Valletot is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:...
/ Valleville
Igoville
Igoville is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:...
(Vigovilla ar. 1240) , Le Mesnil-Vigot
Le Mesnil-Vigot
Le Mesnil-Vigot is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Maisnillum Vigot 1192, Maisnillum Wigoti 1206) ; surname : Vigot
Anglo-Saxon -a names
- Boia : BugliseCauvilleCauville is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.-Population:...
(Buiglise ar. 1240), Biville-la-BaignardeBiville-la-BaignardeBiville-la-Baignarde is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some south of Dieppe, near the junction of the D927 and the D353 roads....
(Buivilla ar. 1210), etc., Biéville - Huna : HonfleurHonfleurHonfleur is a commune in the Calvados department in northwestern France. It is located on the southern bank of the estuary of the Seine across from le Havre and very close to the exit of the Pont de Normandie...
/ Honaville, Honneville - Lufa : LouvetotLouvetotLouvetot is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northwest of Rouen, at the junction of the D33 and the D131 roads.-Heraldry:...
(Luvetoth 1024 - 1026), Louvedalle [?] cf. GB, LeesthorpeLeesthorpeLeesthorpe is a hamlet in the English county of Leicestershire.It is located in the south east of the county close to the Rutland border and just south of the A606 Melton Mowbray and Oakham road.- External links :...
(Luvestorp 11th C.) - Hwita : VitotVitotVitot is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:...
(Witoth ar. 1050), VittefleurVittefleurVittefleur is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated on the banks of the Durdent river in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe at the junction of the D69, D10 and the D268 roads.-Population:-Places of...
(Witeflue 1130 - 1134), QuittebeufQuittebeufQuittebeuf is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:...
(Witeboe 12th c.), YmareYmare-Places of interest:* The church of St. Aubin and St. Anne, dating from the seventeenth century.* A seventeenth-century stone cross.* An old dovecote.-External links:* *...
(Wimara ar. 1240) / Yville-sur-SeineYville-sur-Seine-Places of interest:* A fifteenth-century timber constructed manoir.* A stone cross from the thirteenth century.* The church of St. Leger, dating from the twelfth century....
(Witvilla ar. 1025), IvilleIvilleIville is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:... - *Peola : Pelletot (Peletot 12th C.) cf. GB, PelsallPelsallPelsall is an area of Walsall in the West Midlands, England. It is part of the Parliamentary Constituency of Aldridge-Brownhills.- History :Pelsall was first mentioned in a charter of 994, when it was amongst various lands given to the monastery at Heantune by Wulfrun, a Mercian noblewoman...
(Peoleshale 996), Pelton, etc. - Smala : ÉmallevilleÉmallevilleÉmalleville is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Esmaleville 1170), Saint-Sauveur-d'ÉmallevilleSaint-Sauveur-d'ÉmallevilleSaint-Sauveur-d’Émalleville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, on the D925 road.-Heraldry:-Population:...
(Esmaleville 1080) - Cuda : Coudeville (Coudevilla ar. 1280). cf. GB, CudhamCudhamCudham is a village in the London Borough of Bromley in London, UK. It is located south-southeast of Charing Cross and about northwest of Sevenoaks....
, etc. - *Watta : Vattetot-sur-MerVattetot-sur-MerVattetot-sur-Mer is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village and tourist spot on the coast of the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D11 and D211 roads. Imposing limestone...
(Watetot 1195), Vattetot-sous-BeaumontVattetot-sous-BeaumontVattetot-sous-Beaumont is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, on the D52 road.-Heraldry:-Population:...
(Watetot 1195) / Vatteville-la-RueVatteville-la-RueVatteville-la-Rue is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A village of forestry and farming situated in a meander of the river Seine in the Pays de Caux, some west of Rouen on the D65 and D40. The area is popular for the hunting of... - Willa : Illeville-sur-MontfortIlleville-sur-MontfortIlleville-sur-Montfort is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Willevilla 13th C.) cf. GB, Wilton, etc.
Anglo-Saxon simple and combined names
- Æðel-wine ; Alwin : Alvintot, AlvimareAlvimareAlvimare is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated some east of Le Havre, at the junction of the N15 and the D104.-Population:-Places of interest:...
, Alvimbuc (Alvinbusc w. d.) - Æðel-wold : Allouville-BellefosseAllouville-BellefosseAllouville-Bellefosse is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Rouen at the junction of the D33, D34 and the D110 roads....
(Adelolvilla ar. 1050) - Æðel-stān ; Alestan : L'ÉtantotSaint-Maclou-de-FollevilleSaint-Maclou-de-Folleville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated by the banks of the river Scie in the Pays de Caux, at the junction of the D929 and the D57 roads, some south of...
(Alestantot w. d.) / LestanvilleGrandcamp-MaisyGrandcamp-Maisy is a commune in the Calvados department in the Basse-Normandie region in northwestern France.-Geography:Grandcamp-Maisy is located on the coast, north east of Isigny-sur-Mer and west of Pointe du Hoc...
(Alestanvilla 1195) - Bæling : Notre-Dame-de-BliquetuitNotre-Dame-de-BliquetuitNotre-Dame-de-Bliquetuit is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux by the banks of the river Seine, some west of Rouen at the junction of the D490 and the D65 roads...
(Belinguetuith ar. 1025) and maybe Belintot. cf. GB, Badlingham (Belincgesham ar. 1080) - Beornwulf (ON Björnúlfr) : CambernonCambernonCambernon is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Unfridus miles de Campo Bernulfi, W[i]ll[elmus] de Campbernolf 1203) - Beorh-stān : Brétantot, Brestanville
- *Blacward : Saint-Mards-de-BlacarvilleSaint-Mards-de-BlacarvilleSaint-Mards-de-Blacarville is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Blacuardi villa 11th C.) - Blein, Bleyn (ON Blæingr) : Blainville-sur-MerBlainville-sur-MerBlainville-sur-Mer is a commune in the Manche department in the Basse-Normandie region in north-western France.-See also:*Communes of the Manche department...
(Blainvilla 996 - 1025, Bleinvilla 1146) [?] ≠ Blainville-CrevonBlainville-CrevonBlainville-Crevon is a commune in the Seine-Maritime département of the Haute-Normandie region of northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated by the banks of the river Crevon in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Rouen, at the junction of the D12, D7 and the D98 roads.-Toponymy:Medieval...
(Bleduinvilla 1050 - 1065, Germanic PN *Bladwinus), Blainville-sur-l'EauBlainville-sur-l'EauBlainville-sur-l'Eau is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.-See also:*Communes of the Meurthe-et-Moselle department...
(Villa Bladini 10th c., Germanic PN Bladinus) - Broc [?] : BrosvilleBrosvilleBrosville is a commune in the Eure department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Population:...
(Eure, Broovilla ar. 1190), BrosvilleSaint-Étienne-sous-BailleulSaint-Étienne-sous-Bailleul is a commune in the Eure department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Brochvilla 1025). cf. GB Brockton (disambiguation), BrockhamBrockhamBrockham is a village in the Mole Valley district of Surrey, England. 'Broc-ham' is so called from the Anglo Saxon meaning 'river meadow by the brook' and is first recorded in 1241. It is often mistakenly believed that there is an association with badgers but this is a modern affectation from the...
, BrockhurstBrockhurstBrockhurst is a small hamlet in Staffordshire, England, 1 mile sorth-west of Blymhill.Today it consists of Brockhurst farm, a red brick 18th farmhouse, and two blocks of semi-detached houses built in 1954. The buildings rest on the site of a much earlier settlement, as evidenced by medieval...
, etc. Male's names Goiffredus Broc et Hugo Broc in 1025 around Bernay (Eure) - Burning : Bournainville-FaverollesBournainville-FaverollesBournainville-Faverolles is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Burnenvilla 1155), BournevilleBournevilleBourneville is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Burnenvilla 12th c.), Bonneville-sur-le-Bec (Burnencvilla 1044, attraction of the French word bonne "good", like most other Bonneville (disambiguation)), Le Mesnil-Bonent (Mesnilum Bornenc 13th c.), BornambuscBornambuscBornambusc is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Heraldry:-Geography:A small farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Le Havre, served by the D10 road.-Population:...
Bornenbusc 13 th c.). Norman colour adjective bringe "dark brown". Old Surname Coteburnenc (1242), now Cottebrune. - Calvert : Cauverville-en-RoumoisCauverville-en-RoumoisCauverville-en-Roumois is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Calvervilla 1236 - 1244), etc. cf. GB Calverton, CalverhallCalverhallCalverhall is a small village in Shropshire, approximately 5 miles away from the town of Whitchurch. It lies within the civil parish of its neighbouring village of Ightfield which is one mile away.-Village life:...
, CalverleyCalverleyCalverley is a village in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England, on the A657 road, midway between Leeds city centre and Bradford... - *Culvert : Cuverville (Culvertivilla 1028 - 1033), etc. cf. GB CulverthorpeCulverthorpeCulverthorpe is a hamlet in the civil parish of Heydour, in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England. It lies south-west from Sleaford, north-east from Grantham and 3 miles south-east from Ancaster....
, Culverton, Killerby (Culverdebi 1091) - Dun-stān : DénestanvilleDénestanvilleDénestanville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated by the banks of the river Scie in the Pays de Caux, some south of Dieppe, at the junction of the D107 and the D3 roads.-History:Danestanvilla 1051,...
(Donestanvilla 1088, Dunestanvilla 1142). cf. DunstanDunstanDunstan was an Abbot of Glastonbury Abbey, a Bishop of Worcester, a Bishop of London, and an Archbishop of Canterbury, later canonised as a saint. His work restored monastic life in England and reformed the English Church... - Flot-mån(n) : Flottemanville-HagueFlottemanville-HagueFlottemanville-Hague is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France....
(Flotemanvilla 1145 - 1153), Flottemanville-BocageFlottemanvilleFlottemanville is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France....
(Flotemanvilla 1147) cf. GB, Flotemanby - Hard-kin : HarcanvilleHarcanvilleHarcanville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux some northwest of Rouen, at the junction of the D149 and the D110 roads.-Population:...
(Harkenvilla 12th C.) - Kine-wald / Kine-wold : CanouvilleCanouvilleCanouville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe, at the junction of the D271, D71 and the D69 roads.-Population:...
(Kenualdi villa 1025 - 1026) (cf. KillamarshKillamarshKillamarsh is a town in North East Derbyshire. It borders South Yorkshire to its north and west. It lies between Halfway and Mosborough to the west, Renishaw to the south, Beighton and Sothall to the northwest, Wales to the northeast, Harthill to its east and the Rother Valley Country Park to its...
, GB, Chinewoldesmaresc 12th C.) - Lēōd-grim or Lēōf-grim : LingrevilleLingrevilleLingreville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
(Legrinvilla 1056 - 1066) - Lēōf-rēd ; Levred : LinvervilleGouville-sur-MerGouville-sur-Mer is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.-Heraldry:-See also:*Communes of the Manche department...
(Livervilla 1175) - Mōrcǣr (see Morcar) : Montcarville (Moncarvilla 1180, Moncarvilla ar. 1210, Moncarvilla ar. 1280) [?] The [õ] (-on-) form of the 12th c. supposes an early evolution from [or], that is not noted in the similar place-name MontfarvilleMontfarvilleMontfarville is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France....
, Morfarvilla in 1280. - Ōs-wid : AnvévilleAnvévilleAnvéville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northeast of Le Havre, between the D110 and the D142.-Population:...
(Ovevillam ar. 1210, Onvéville 13th → 18th C.). Anglo-Saxon version of ON Asvidr. - Sæwald / Siwold : Saumont-la-PoterieSaumont-la-PoterieSaumont-la-Poterie is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the valley of the Epte river in the Pays de Bray, some northeast of Rouen, at the junction of the D915, D41 and D241 roads.-Population:-Places...
(Seiwaltmont 1042), Siouville (Seolvilla 1200), Sciotot - *Scarding : Écardenville-sur-EureÉcardenville-sur-EureÉcardenville-sur-Eure is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Scherdanvilla ar. 1055 - 1067), Écardenville-la-CampagneÉcardenville-la-CampagneÉcardenville-la-Campagne is a commune in the Eure department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Esquardenville 1327) cf. GB, Scarthingwell (Scardingwell 1202), ScredingtonScredingtonScredington is a village and civil parish located near the town of Sleaford, in the North Kesteven district, in the county of Lincolnshire, England...
(Scredintune, Domesday BookDomesday BookDomesday Book , now held at The National Archives, Kew, Richmond upon Thames in South West London, is the record of the great survey of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086...
) - *Skelder (ON Skialdari) : Équeurdreville-HainnevilleÉqueurdreville-Hainneville-References and notes:...
(Sceldrevilla 1063 - 1066) cf. GB Skelderskew, Skeldergate - *Snuter : Sainte-Opportune-la-MareSainte-Opportune-la-MareSainte-Opportune-la-Mare is a commune in the Eure department in Haute-Normandie in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Esnutrivillam 1025), NètrevilleÉvreuxÉvreux is a commune in the Eure department, of which it is the capital, in Haute Normandie in northern France.-History:In late Antiquity, the town, attested in the fourth century CE, was named Mediolanum Aulercorum, "the central town of the Aulerci", the Gallic tribe then inhabiting the area...
(Esnetrevilla ar. 1160) cf. GB, Snitterton (Snuterton 12th C.), Sniterley (Snuterlea 11th C.) - *Swart-kin : SorquainvilleSorquainvilleSorquainville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village, in the Valmont valley of the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D75 and D33 roads.-Population:-External links:*...
(Soartichin villa 1032 - 1035) - Wifel : Veauville-les-BaonsVeauville-lès-BaonsVeauville-lès-Baons is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some northwest of Rouen at the junction of the C5 with the D37 road. The A29 autoroute passes through the commune’s...
(Wivelvilla ar. 1050), Veauville-les-QuellesVeauville-lès-QuellesVeauville-lès-Quelles is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A very small farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D88 and D109 roads....
(Wiauvilla que dicitur la Willame d'Escalles 1337. See William d'Escalles) cf. GB Wivelsfields (Wifelesfeld ar. 765), WilcoteWilcoteWilcote is a hamlet about north of Witney in Oxfordshire, England. Wilcote was a separate civil parish until 1932, when it was absorbed into that of North Leigh.-Manor:...
(Wyvelicote ar. 1210) - Win-stān : VénestanvilleVénestanvilleVénestanville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village situated in the Pays de Caux, some southwest of Dieppe at the junction of the D27 and the D270 roads....
(Wenestanvillam 12th C.) cf. Winston - Wivar (ON Vidhfari) : Viertot / VirvilleVirvilleVirville is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.-Geography:A small farming village in the Pays de Caux, situated some northeast of Le Havre, at the junction of the D125 and D10 roads. An SNCF TER railway station serves both this and a...
(Wivarevilla ar. 1210), Vierville-sur-MerVierville-sur-Mer-External links:* *...
(Wiarevilla 1158) (cf. WeaverthorpeWeaverthorpeWeaverthorpe is a village and civil parish in the Ryedale district of North Yorkshire, England. It is 13 miles from Scarborough.Weaverthorpe was listed as being in the wapentake of Buckrose....
, GB, Wiveretorp ar. 1110) ≠ Vierville, Eure-et-LoirVierville, Eure-et-LoirVierville is a commune in the Eure-et-Loir department in northern France.-Population:-References:*...
(Verisvilla ar. 1080, Verivilla)
