Nikolay Devyatkov
Encyclopedia
Nikolay Devyatkov — ' onMouseout='HidePop("35642")' href="/topics/Vologda">Vologda
— 1 February 2001, Moscow
) was a Soviet/Russian
scientist
and inventor of microwave
vacuum tube
s and medical equipment
. Full Member of the USSR/Russian Academy of Sciences
(1968; Corresponding Member
from 1953). Professor of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.
Most Devyatkov's scientific papers apply to a microwave vacuum tubes. He was an author of more than 250 scientific works and inventions. Nikolay Devyatkov is inventor of a reflex klystron (1939, with E. Daniltcev).
, Moscow Oblast
, in the head Soviet (now Russian) enterprise of microwave
electronics
, including 39 years he was Deputy Director for Science.
Nikolay Devyatkov organized the publication of the journal "Electronic Engineering. Series 1, "Microwave Electronic", the editorial board of which he headed since its release in 1950 until his death. He was the chief editor of the journal "Radio Engineering and Electronics".
Nikolay Devyatkov was never a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
.
) also called Extremely High Frequency (EHF) Therapy. In mid-1980s, under the guidance of Nikolay Devyatkov the company "Istok" (Fryazino
, Moscow oblast
) has developed the first device for MM-wave therapy "Jav-1". The Committee on New Medical Technology of the Ministry of Health of the USSR recommended the "Jav-1" for serial production (1987) and included one in the National Register of medical devices. In late 1980 the "Istok" has been established mass serial production the "Jav-1". "Jav-1" is also was produced in the company "Start", Penza
. The "Istok" and "Start" don't produce the "Jav-1" now.
(hyperthermia) operating local electromagnetic hyperthermia of malignant neoplasms. At present, this direction is actively developed and theoretical developments Devyatkov and his colleagues are embodied in manufactured today in the company "Istok" installation:
probe
, which measured the acid
ity of the two points of the gastrointestinal tract
and apparatus for recording the pH. Also he created the original versions of pH-probes with 3, 4 and 5 sensors, intraoperation, endoscopic
, children's pH-probes for different age groups, dentistry
and gynecology pH-probes, as well as equipment, recording pH with multisensor pH-probes. With the direct participation Devyatkov the NPC "Istok" were organized serial production of the first in the USSR pH-probes for gastrointestinal pH-metry. Method of complex study of the functional state of the stomach
and duodenum
, providing simultaneous measurement of pressure and acidity in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract
and is called at that time "ionomanometry" has been applied in medical practice since 1974. Under the guidance of Devyatkov was made probe with 4 pH sensors, and 4 plastic manometric catheter
s.
This area of his research has its modern development in the devices for diagnostic gastroenterology
: esophageal pH monitoring
, esophageal motility study
, electrogastroenterography and other, that has brandname "GastroScan" in Russia and are the main products of Fryazino company ZAO NPP «Istok-Sistema».
, were developed the therapy and surgical lasers, electrodes for coagulation endovascular veins, xenon feeds "Yakhont" for the treatment of otolaryngology
, dental and gynecological diseases, and others.
(1965), the State Prize of the Russian Federation
(2000) and the Hero of Socialist Labor
(1969). Ру is awarded by two Orders of Lenin
, Order of the October Revolution
, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labour
, Order of the Red Star
, Gold Medal in honour of Alexandr Popov.
Vologda
Vologda is a city and the administrative, cultural, and scientific center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Vologda River. The city is a major transport knot of the Northwest of Russia. Vologda is among the Russian cities possessing an especially valuable historical heritage...
— 1 February 2001, Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
) was a Soviet/Russian
Russians
The Russian people are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Russia, speaking the Russian language and primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries....
scientist
Scientist
A scientist in a broad sense is one engaging in a systematic activity to acquire knowledge. In a more restricted sense, a scientist is an individual who uses the scientific method. The person may be an expert in one or more areas of science. This article focuses on the more restricted use of the word...
and inventor of microwave
Microwave
Microwaves, a subset of radio waves, have wavelengths ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter, or equivalently, with frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz. This broad definition includes both UHF and EHF , and various sources use different boundaries...
vacuum tube
Vacuum tube
In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube , or thermionic valve , reduced to simply "tube" or "valve" in everyday parlance, is a device that relies on the flow of electric current through a vacuum...
s and medical equipment
Medical equipment
Medical equipment is designed to aid in the diagnosis, monitoring or treatment of medical conditions.-Types:There are several basic types:* Diagnostic equipment includes medical imaging machines, used to aid in diagnosis...
. Full Member of the USSR/Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of the national academy of Russia and a network of scientific research institutes from across the Russian Federation as well as auxiliary scientific and social units like libraries, publishers and hospitals....
(1968; Corresponding Member
Academician
The title Academician denotes a Full Member of an art, literary, or scientific academy.In many countries, it is an honorary title. There also exists a lower-rank title, variously translated Corresponding Member or Associate Member, .-Eastern Europe and China:"Academician" may also be a functional...
from 1953). Professor of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.
Most Devyatkov's scientific papers apply to a microwave vacuum tubes. He was an author of more than 250 scientific works and inventions. Nikolay Devyatkov is inventor of a reflex klystron (1939, with E. Daniltcev).
Biography
Nikolay Devyatkov worked in 54 years at the enterprise "Istok" in FryazinoFryazino
Fryazino is a scientific town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Lyuboseyevka River northeast of the city of Moscow. Population: Fryazino is a center of the Russian microwave electronics.-History:...
, Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast , or Podmoskovye , is a federal subject of Russia . Its area, at , is relatively small compared to other federal subjects, but it is one of the most densely populated regions in the country and, with the 2010 population of 7,092,941, is the second most populous federal subject...
, in the head Soviet (now Russian) enterprise of microwave
Microwave
Microwaves, a subset of radio waves, have wavelengths ranging from as long as one meter to as short as one millimeter, or equivalently, with frequencies between 300 MHz and 300 GHz. This broad definition includes both UHF and EHF , and various sources use different boundaries...
electronics
Electronics
Electronics is the branch of science, engineering and technology that deals with electrical circuits involving active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies...
, including 39 years he was Deputy Director for Science.
Nikolay Devyatkov organized the publication of the journal "Electronic Engineering. Series 1, "Microwave Electronic", the editorial board of which he headed since its release in 1950 until his death. He was the chief editor of the journal "Radio Engineering and Electronics".
Nikolay Devyatkov was never a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the only legal, ruling political party in the Soviet Union and one of the largest communist organizations in the world...
.
The founder of Soviet and Russian medical electronics
Although the main work of Nikolay Devyatkov were aimed at improving the country's defense, he also made a significant contribution to the development of medical instrumentation.MM-wave Therapy
Nikolay Devyatkov with colleagues developed the theoretical foundations of low-intensity millimeter waves therapy (MM-wave TherapyEHF – therapy
EHF therapy is a biophysical theory studying mechanisms of action on the living organism of electromagnetic radiation of millimeter range high frequency of low intensity, and medical practice using effects of the above mentioned action at treatment of different ailments.Electromagnetic waves of...
) also called Extremely High Frequency (EHF) Therapy. In mid-1980s, under the guidance of Nikolay Devyatkov the company "Istok" (Fryazino
Fryazino
Fryazino is a scientific town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Lyuboseyevka River northeast of the city of Moscow. Population: Fryazino is a center of the Russian microwave electronics.-History:...
, Moscow oblast
Moscow Oblast
Moscow Oblast , or Podmoskovye , is a federal subject of Russia . Its area, at , is relatively small compared to other federal subjects, but it is one of the most densely populated regions in the country and, with the 2010 population of 7,092,941, is the second most populous federal subject...
) has developed the first device for MM-wave therapy "Jav-1". The Committee on New Medical Technology of the Ministry of Health of the USSR recommended the "Jav-1" for serial production (1987) and included one in the National Register of medical devices. In late 1980 the "Istok" has been established mass serial production the "Jav-1". "Jav-1" is also was produced in the company "Start", Penza
Penza
-Honors:A minor planet, 3189 Penza, discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh in 1978, is named after the city.-Notable residents:...
. The "Istok" and "Start" don't produce the "Jav-1" now.
Microwave thermotherapy
Nikolay Devyatkov, together with Eduard Gelvic, Vladimir Mazohin and others developed the theoretical framework and create an apparatus of the microwave thermotherapyMicrowave thermotherapy
Microwave thermotherapy, also called microwave therapy, is a type of treatment in which body tissue is heated by microwave irradiation to damage and kill cancer cells or to make cancer cells more sensitive to the effects of radiation and certain anticancer drugs.- External links :* entry in the...
(hyperthermia) operating local electromagnetic hyperthermia of malignant neoplasms. At present, this direction is actively developed and theoretical developments Devyatkov and his colleagues are embodied in manufactured today in the company "Istok" installation:
- "Yachta-4M" for the local microwave thermotherapy of malignant neoplasms and diseases of the prostateProstateThe prostate is a compound tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the male reproductive system in most mammals....
- "Yachta-5" for the general and local microwave thermotherapy of malignant neoplasms.
Gastrointestinal and intraluminal pH-metry and manometry
In 1969-1970, ND Devyatkov with the colleagues designed by the world's first industrial model of pHPH
In chemistry, pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution. Pure water is said to be neutral, with a pH close to 7.0 at . Solutions with a pH less than 7 are said to be acidic and solutions with a pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline...
probe
Probe
- Science and technology :* Medical equipment** Anal probe** Endoscope** Proctoscope* Atom probe, an atomic-resolution microscope* Hybridization probe or chemical probe, used in molecular biology...
, which measured the acid
Acid
An acid is a substance which reacts with a base. Commonly, acids can be identified as tasting sour, reacting with metals such as calcium, and bases like sodium carbonate. Aqueous acids have a pH of less than 7, where an acid of lower pH is typically stronger, and turn blue litmus paper red...
ity of the two points of the gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal tract
The human gastrointestinal tract refers to the stomach and intestine, and sometimes to all the structures from the mouth to the anus. ....
and apparatus for recording the pH. Also he created the original versions of pH-probes with 3, 4 and 5 sensors, intraoperation, endoscopic
Endoscopy
Endoscopy means looking inside and typically refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons using an endoscope , an instrument used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike most other medical imaging devices, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ...
, children's pH-probes for different age groups, dentistry
Dentistry
Dentistry is the branch of medicine that is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area and the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body. Dentistry is widely considered...
and gynecology pH-probes, as well as equipment, recording pH with multisensor pH-probes. With the direct participation Devyatkov the NPC "Istok" were organized serial production of the first in the USSR pH-probes for gastrointestinal pH-metry. Method of complex study of the functional state of the stomach
Stomach
The stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated part of the alimentary canal which functions as an important organ of the digestive tract in some animals, including vertebrates, echinoderms, insects , and molluscs. It is involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication .The stomach is...
and duodenum
Duodenum
The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum...
, providing simultaneous measurement of pressure and acidity in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract
Gastrointestinal tract
The human gastrointestinal tract refers to the stomach and intestine, and sometimes to all the structures from the mouth to the anus. ....
and is called at that time "ionomanometry" has been applied in medical practice since 1974. Under the guidance of Devyatkov was made probe with 4 pH sensors, and 4 plastic manometric catheter
Catheter
In medicine, a catheter is a tube that can be inserted into a body cavity, duct, or vessel. Catheters thereby allow drainage, administration of fluids or gases, or access by surgical instruments. The process of inserting a catheter is catheterization...
s.
This area of his research has its modern development in the devices for diagnostic gastroenterology
Gastroenterology
Gastroenterology is the branch of medicine whereby the digestive system and its disorders are studied. The name is a combination of three Ancient Greek words gaster , enteron , and logos...
: esophageal pH monitoring
Esophageal pH Monitoring
Esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease . It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of...
, esophageal motility study
Esophageal motility study
An esophageal motility study or esophageal manometry is a test to assess motor function of the Upper Esophageal Sphincter , Esophageal body and Lower Esophageal Sphincter .-Indications:...
, electrogastroenterography and other, that has brandname "GastroScan" in Russia and are the main products of Fryazino company ZAO NPP «Istok-Sistema».
Other areas
Devyatkov and his colleagues performed a series of pioneering work in the field of medical thermographyThermography
Infrared thermography, thermal imaging, and thermal video are examples of infrared imaging science. Thermal imaging cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum and produce images of that radiation, called thermograms...
, were developed the therapy and surgical lasers, electrodes for coagulation endovascular veins, xenon feeds "Yakhont" for the treatment of otolaryngology
Otolaryngology
Otolaryngology or ENT is the branch of medicine and surgery that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck disorders....
, dental and gynecological diseases, and others.
Awards
Devyatkov received the Stalin Prize (1949), the Lenin PrizeLenin Prize
The Lenin Prize was one of the most prestigious awards of the USSR, presented to individuals for accomplishments relating to science, literature, arts, architecture, and technology. It was created on June 23, 1925 and was awarded until 1934. During the period from 1935 to 1956, the Lenin Prize was...
(1965), the State Prize of the Russian Federation
State Prize of the Russian Federation
State Prize of the Russian Federation is a state honorary prize established in 1992 as the substitute for the USSR State Prize. In 2004 the rules for selection of laureates and the status of the award was significantly changed making them closer to such awards as Nobel Prize or the Soviet Lenin...
(2000) and the Hero of Socialist Labor
Hero of Socialist Labor
Hero of Socialist Labour was an honorary title in the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries. It was the highest degree of distinction for exceptional achievements in national economy and culture...
(1969). Ру is awarded by two Orders of Lenin
Order of Lenin
The Order of Lenin , named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was the highest decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union...
, Order of the October Revolution
Order of the October Revolution
The Order of the October Revolution was instituted on October 31, 1967, in time for the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. It was awarded to individuals or groups for services furthering communism or the state, or in enhancing the defenses of the Soviet Union, military and civil...
, two Orders of the Red Banner of Labour
Order of the Red Banner of Labour
The Order of the Red Banner of Labour was an order of the Soviet Union for accomplishments in labour and civil service. It is the labour counterpart of the military Order of the Red Banner. A few institutions and factories, being the pride of Soviet Union, also received the order.-History:The Red...
, Order of the Red Star
Order of the Red Star
Established on 6 April 1930, the Order of the Red Star was an order of the Soviet Union, given to Red Army and Soviet Navy personnel for "exceptional service in the cause of the defense of the Soviet Union in both war and peace". It was established by Resolution of the Presidium of the CEC of the...
, Gold Medal in honour of Alexandr Popov.