Mantle Hood
Encyclopedia
Mantle Hood was an American
ethnomusicologist. Among other areas, he specialized in studying gamelan
music from Indonesia
. Hood pioneered, in the 1950s and 1960s, a new approach to the study of music, and the creation at UCLA of the first American university program devoted to ethnomusicology
. He was known for a suggestion, somewhat novel at the time, that his students actually learn to play the music they were studying.
, Hood studied piano
as a child and played tenor saxophone
in regional jazz
clubs in his teens. Despite his talent as a musician, he had no plans to make it his profession. He moved to Los Angeles
in the 1930s and wrote pulp fiction
while employed as a draftsman
in the aeronautical
industry.
After Army
service in Europe
during World War II
, he returned to Los Angeles. He enrolled in the School of Agriculture
at the University of California
before transferring to UCLA.
Between 1945 and 1950 Mantle Hood studied Western music under composer Ernst Toch
and composed several classical pieces. Hood earned both his BA
in music and MA
in composition from UCLA in 1951. As a Fulbright scholar, Hood studied Indonesian music under Jaap Kunst
at the University of Amsterdam.
He wrote his Ph.D.
dissertation on pathet
, translated as the modal system of Central Javanese music. He proposed that the contours of the balungan
(nuclear theme) melody
are the primary determinants of the Javanese musical mode. The dissertation, The Nuclear Theme as a Determinant of Patet in Javanese Music was published in 1954.
After completing his doctoral work in 1954, Hood spent two years in Indonesia doing field research funded by a Ford Foundation
fellowship. He joined the faculty at UCLA where he established the first gamelan performance program in the United States
in 1958. He also founded the Institute for Ethnomusicology at UCLA in 1960. UCLA quickly became an important American hub of this rapidly developing field. Hood's work spawned a legion of teachers and leaders of the more than 100 gamelan groups in the United States today.
A renowned expert in Javanese and Bali
nese music and culture
, Hood received honors from the Indonesian government for his research, among them the conferral of the title Ki (literally "the venerable") in 1986, and in 1992 was one of the first non-Indonesians to be honored with membership into the Dharma Kusuma (Society of National Heroes).
Hood wrote numerous novels, scholarly books and articles in journals and encyclopedias. Some of his works include The Ethnomusicologist (1971, 1982), Music in Indonesia (1972), the three-volumed The Evolution of Javanese Gamelan.
In 1973, Hood left UCLA and retired to Hawaii
where he composed music and served as an editor of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. He also wrote contributions for the Harvard Dictionary of Music
and the Encyclopedie de la Musique.
In the 1980s, he came out of retirement in Hawaii
to become Senior Distinguished Professor at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, where he remained until 1996, establishing an ethnomusicology program. He was a professor of music at West Virginia University
and a visiting professor at Harvard, Yale
, Wesleyan
, Indiana
, and Drake
Universities and the University of Ghana
. He also served as President of the Society for Ethnomusicology
from 1965 to 1967. In 1999 he was the Charles Seeger
Lecturer at the annual conference of the SEM.
Mantle Hood's wife, Hazel Chung, was a teacher of Indonesian and Africa
n dance. Hood, with Chung, shot footage in Ghana
and Nigeria
for their film
, Atumpan: The Talking Drums of Ghana (1964).
In 1990, Mantle Hood presented a paper at the 7th International Congress of the European Seminar in Ethnomusicology in Berlin under the title "The Quantum Theory of Music." The concept sought to revolutionize research in music by developing theoretical and practical constructs to close a 75-year gap between the 1920s, which were the beginning of the quantum age in the sciences, and the present. An international consortium was formed (England, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, and the United States). This consortium resulted in an interdisciplinary five-day workshop with the keynote paper on this subject held in Trieste, Italy, including scholars in physics, mathematics, acoustics, computer-based musical composition, and ethnomusicology. In the following year, seminars in ethnomusicology were held in Venice, Italy. In subsequent years, a core group continued to explore new paradigms inspired by Hood's concepts, and worked through correspondence and meetings. The group included Giovanni Giuriati of the University of Rome, Rudiger Schumacher of the University of Cologne, John E. Myers of Bard College at Simon’s Rock, and others. Schumacher and Myers delivered related papers at the annual conference of the European Seminar in Ethnomusicology, held in Barcelona, Spain, Sept. 20-25, 1993. In 1999, Hood outlined key principles of his quantum theory - influenced thinking in his paper "Ethnomusicology's Bronze Age in Y2K," delivered as the Seeger Lecture at the congress of the Society for Ethnomusicology held in Austin, Texas.
Hood died in Ellicott City, Maryland
. His son Made Mantle Hood (BA (Maryland), MA (Hawaii), PhD (Cologne)) is a lecturer in ethnomusicology at Monash University
in Australia
.
UCLA, B.A., Highest Honors in Music, Phi Beta Kappa, 195l
UCLA, M.A. in Music, 1952
University of Amsterdam, Ph.D. cum laude, 1954
University of Cologne, 2003
Doctoris Philosophiae Honoris Causa
Teaching
Visiting Professor, Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia Denpasar, Summer, 1998.
Senior Distinguished Professor, West Virginia University, 1995–1998
Housewright Eminent Scholar, Florida State University, 1996-1997 (in residence: March, 1997).
Distinguished Visiting Professor, University of Massachusetts, Boston, 1993–94
Adjunct Professor, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1993-94
Senior Distinguished Professor Retired, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1993
Visiting Professor, The Queen's University of Belfast, 1985
Visiting Professor, The Academy of Arts, Cairo, Egypt, 1984
Visiting Professor, Central Academy of Music, Beijing, 1983
Visiting Professor, The Queen's University of Belfast, 1983
Senior Distinguished Professor of Ethnomusicology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1980–1996
Visiting Distinguished Professor of Folklore, Indiana University, 1977–78
Visiting Professor, Yale University, 1977
Adjunct Professor, UMBC, 1976
Professor Emeritus, UCLA, 1974
Visiting Distinguished Professor, Drake University, 1972
Visiting Colleague, University of Hawaii, 1967–68
Visiting Professor, University of Ghana, 1963–64
Professor, UCLA, 1962–74
Visiting Professor, Harvard University, 196l
Associate Professor, UCLA, 1959
Assistant Professor, UCLA, 1956
Instructor, UCLA, 1954
Courses:
Pro-seminar in Ethnomusicology
Music of Africa
Music of Bali
Music of Hawaii
Music of Indonesia
Music of Java
Musical Cultures of the World
Advanced Orchestration
Advanced Harmony
Advanced Modal Counterpoint
Music Appreciation
Musicianship
Form and Analysis
Balinese Gamelan Performance
Balinese Gender Wayang Performance
Javanese Gamelan Performance
Seminars:
Seminar in Ethnomusicology
Seminar in Field and Laboratory Methods
Seminar in Bibliography and Research Methods
Seminar in Guided Writing
Seminar in Organology
Seminar in Aesthetics
Individual Guidance
many Special Projects and the guidance of a large number of M.A. and Ph.D. candidates
Administration
President of the Academic Senate, UMBC, 1981–82
Progenitor and Program Coordinator of M.A./Ph.D., 1980 program in ethnomusicology, UMBC; including budgetary responsibility, staffing, research program, curriculum
Founder-Director Institute of Ethnomusicology, UCLA, 1961-1974. Responsibilities: instigating and coordinating interdisciplinary research programs involving many departments, several colleges of UCLA, and occasionally other campuses of the University; budgets, grant proposals (for the Institute, for UCLA, for Univ. of California), curriculum planning and staffing with emphasis on the ethnic arts. Graduate degree candidates averaged 50 annually; majors and non-majors involved in performances and areas courses in ethnomusicology numbered between 500-600 annually.
Honors and Awards
Award 2002 for Outstanding Contribution to the United States-Indonesia Relationship, September 12, 2002, Washington D.C., The United States-Indonesia Society
The Charles Seeger Lecture, Austin Texas, SEM, November 20, 1999: “Ethnomusicology’s Bronze Age in Y2K”.
Housewright Eminent Scholar, academic year 1996-1997, Florida State University, (in residence: March, 1997).
John Blacking Memorial Lecture, “The Musical River of Change and Innovation,” Triple Congress, ESEM, Rotterdam, 1995.
One of the first five non-Indonesians honored by membership in Dharma Kusuma, (Society of National Heroes)in a ceremony led by the Governor of Bali, August 14, 1992.
Inaugural Address: “The Quantum Theory of Music II,” for the founding of the Jaap Kunst Stichting (Foundation), October 3, 1991, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Honorary Life-Time President, Jaap Kunst Stichting.
Adjudicator for an international competition of research in ethonmusicology (Premio internazionale Latina di studi musicali), sponspored by Campus Internazionale di Musica Associazione Circe-Eurora, Latina, Italy, September 27–29, 1990.
Ditto 1995.
Canadian Broadcasting Company purchased mechanical reproduction rights for
"Implosion," percussion quartet (1981), for broadcast throughout Canada and 1,000 affiliated stations worldwide, 1989; (composers: VARESE, BELUSE, MOREL, LANZA, KONDO, HOOD).
Principal Speaker, "Gamelan in America," lecture-concert "Double Concerto" by Lou Harrison, Japan Musical Education and Culture Promotion Society, Tokyo, May, 1989.
Keynote address, "Music from Galileo to Einstein -- a Quantum Leap," Southern California Chapter of the Society for Ethnomusicology, UCLA, May, 1989.
The title "KI" (Javanese: "KHJAI"), “The Venerable,” conferred by the Indonesian Government, August, 1986, (the only non-Indonesian ever so-honored).
Documentary film Atumpan (42' color) selected for Milan Film Festival, 1985, filmed in West Africa, 1963–64.
Invitation from Under-Secretary of Culture in Oman to research collection of Omani folklore, make recommendations to the Omani Government (Muscat, Oman, April, 1985), and to participate in a two-week congress (Muscat, October, 1985).
Senior Fulbright to Australia, summer, 1985 (declined).
Keynote address: "Music the 'Ha' of Culture," Silver Jubilee, April, 1984, Cairo University
Keynote address: "The Epic Identity and the Arts," Section 12 Tradition and Intercultural Relations in Music, Dance and Theater, XXXI International Congress of Human Sciences in Asia and North Africa, 31 August to 7 September, Tokyo and Kyoto, 1983.
Certificate of Merit, Prime Minister Suharto (now ex-President Suharto), Indonesia, 1983.
NEH Summer Seminar for College Teachers, UMBC, 1982, "Are All Musical Cultures about Equally Complex?"
Director, Summer Institute for Elementary-Secondary Teachers, U.S. Office of Education, 1982.
Elected to Scientific Board, International Institute of Comparative Music Studies and Documentation, Berlin, 1978.
Keynote address: Pacific Basin Conference, University of California Santa Cruz, 1977.
Senior Fulbright to Bombay, India, 1975.
Certificate of Outstanding Contributions to Indonesia, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, 1975.
Research Fellowship, Center for Twentieth Century Studies, University of Wisconsin, 1973 (declined).
Senior Fulbright Lectureship to Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, 1972-73 (declined in favor of consultancy).
Senior Fellow Specialist, East-West Center, Honolulu, 197l
Fellowship, California Institute of the Humanities, 1970–71, (declined).
Senior Fellowship, NEH, 1971.
Senior Fulbright Lecturer, Australia, 1969-70 (declined).
Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1969.
Fellowship, Institute of Creative Arts, University of California, 1967–68.
Visiting Colleague, University of Hawaii, 1967–68.
Fellowship, American Council of Learned Societies, 1964-65.
Fellowship, African-American Universities Program, Ghana-Nigeria, 1963–64.
Fellow, Princeton Council on Humanities, 1962-63.
Elected to the Research Group, UCLA, 1962.
Two successive Ford Foundation Fellowships to Indonesia, 1956-58.
Two successive Fulbright Fellowships, The Netherlands, 1952-54.
Guggenheim Fellowship, 1952 (declined).
University Fellowships, UCLA, 195l-53 (second year declined).
University Committees
UMBC (1980–1995):
Provost's Advisory Committee
Academic Planning and Budget Committee
Graduate Council
President of Academic Senate
U. of Maryland President's Task Force on Admission Requirements
Committee on General Distribution Requirements
Committee on Core Curricula
Chairman, Graduate Committee
Chancellor's Faculty Review Committee of Promotion, Tenure, Contracts
numerous ad hoc committees
UCLA (1954–74):
Committee on Committees of the Academic Senate
Committee on the University of the Future
Chancellor's Committee on International and Comparative Studies
University Cultural Policy Committee
Arts and Literature Committee
University of California-University of Chile Committee
Committee on Asian Studies
Lower Division College Steering Committee
(five annual) Steering Committees for UC All-Faculty Conferences, held on Davis Campus
Library Committee of the Academic Senate
Committee for African Studies Center
Committee for the Institute of Ethnomusicology
Committee for the Center for Mythology and Folklore
Committee for the Center for Near Eastern Studies
Committee for the Center for Latin American Studies
numerous ad hoc committees of the Senate, UCLA campus, the greater University
Departmental Committees (UCLA):
Graduate Advisor
Chairman, Council Ethnomusicology
Composers' Council
Graduate Committee
Committee on T.A.s
Library Committee
numerous ad hoc interdepartmental and college committees
PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Consulting
1999-2000 appointed Adunct Distinguished Senior Professor; continuing as consultant and Editor-in-Chief of journal World Music Reports (see EDITORIAL) to the present
1995-98 Dean Philip Faini, College of Creative Arts, West Virginia University
1994-95 - Asian Cultural Council
1993-94 - University of Massachusetts
1993 - Asian Cultural Council
1992 - Asian Cultural Council
1991 - Ford Foundation Indonesia
1991 - Asian Cultural Council
1991 - Jaap Kunst Stichting, Amsterdam
1991 - Constitution and By laws, European Seminar in Ethnomusicology, Lucerne, Switzerland
1991 - Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia, Bali, Indonesia
1990-96 - Reader for the National Humanities Center
1989 - Japan Victor Company, Editorial Board for American Edition (U.S. and Canada), 30 video tapes of music-dance worldwide (Japanese version released 1987)
1988- - The (international) Hawaiian Steel Guitar Association.
1988- - The Research Foundation, San Francisco
1987- - Asian Cultural Council
1987-88 - Aspen Institute, Wye Plantation, re. studies in Balinese culture
1986 - Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX of Yogyakarta, Java, Indonesia
1985 - Ministry of Culture, Indonesia, re. Vancouver World's Fair 1986
1985 - Minister of Communications and Director of Center for Omani Traditional Music, the Sultanate of Oman
1985-96 - International Institute of Comparative Music Studies and Documentation, Berlin
1984-85 - Academy of the Arts and four of its seven Institutes, Cairo
1983 - Central Academy of Music, Beijing, China
1983 - External Examiner of Ph.D. candidate, University of Toronto,
1983 - Advisor on faculty - University of Ibadan
1983 - Ford Foundation re. establishment of archive in Poona, Inda
1982 - Advisor to Dr. Djelantik (son of the late Radja of Bali and sponsor of educational institutions in the arts) re. training program at UMBC for arts faculty of ASTI and ASKI, Bali, Indonesia
1976 - for Brown University President Howard Swearer re. expansion of program in ethnomusicology
1976 - for faculty and administrators of Visual and Performing Arts Program, UMBC
1973-76 - Senior Fulbright-Hays Program, Committee on International Exchange of Persons
1972 - Minister of Education, Minister of Culture, three universities of Malaysia re. establishing three-year curriculum in performing arts, School of Humanities, Sains Malaysia Universiti
1972 - for Brown University President Donald F. Hornig, re. all Music Programs of the University
1971 - Her Imperial Majesty, The Shahbanou, Empress of Iran and the Vice-Chancellor, University of Tehran re. establishing a research center for the performing arts
1971 - External Examiner of candidate for Doctor of Literature, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
1971 - Southwest Regional Laboratories re. audio-visual products designed for schools and universities
1970 - External Examiner of candidate for Ph.D., University of Melbourne
1969 - California Institute for the Arts re. curricular planning and staffing for program in the performing arts
1968 - Asia Society re. selection of Indonesian touring artists
1968 - External Examiner of candidate for Ph.D., Sydney University
1967-68 - East-West Center re. Humanities program
1967-68 - Music Department, University of Hawaii re. graduate program in ethnomusicology
1967-86 - JDR IIIrd Fund (now Asian Arts Council) re. cultural exchange program with Indonesia
1962-74 - External Examiner of M.A., Ph.D. candidates, University of Ghana
1964 - Columbia Pictures re. motion picture Lord Jim, starring Peter O'Toole; screen credit: "Advisor in Oriental Music"
1964-66 - Dean, University of Chile re. program in ethnomusicology, exchange of scholars and students, film project
1964-78 - American Society for Eastern Arts re. school curriculum, visiting artists, programs, special projects
1963 - J. F. Kennedy's Advisors in the Sciences; two-week conference at Yale University on the problems of teaching music in the elementary and secondary schools of the nation
1963 - Universal Motion Picture Studios re. motion picture The Spiral Road, starring Rock Hudson
1958-86 - International Music Council of UNESCO
1957-68 - Asia Foundation (San Francisco office and Indonesian office) re. cultural projects in Indonesia
1957-68 - Asia Society re. Asian cultural programs
Editorial
Founder and Editor-in-Chief, World Music Reports, Center for World Music, West Virginia University, 1996
Editorial Board, Japan Victor Company for American Edition of series of 30 video tapes of music-dance worldwide, 1989–90
Founder and Editor-in-Chief, Progress Reports in Ethnomusicology, SEMPOD Laboratory, UMBC, 1983–1995
Founder and Editor Ha'ilono Mele, monthly publication of The Hawaiian Music Foundation, 1974–76
Member of the Board of Editors and Area Editor for the field of ethnomusicology (editorial responsibility for ca. one and a half million words) for The New Grove
International Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 6th ed., British Macmillan, London, 1980
Founder and Editor-in-Chief, Selected Reports, Institute of Ethnomusicology, UCLA, 1966–74
Consulting Editor for the field of music and dance, African Arts Magazine, African Studies Center, UCLA, 1967–74
Founder and Editor-in-Chief, I.E. Records Series (LP recordings and accompanying books), Institute of Ethnomusicology, UCLA, 1966–74
Reader for various commercial and university publishers, 1960 – the present
Professional Societies
European Seminar in Ethnomusicology
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Society for Ethnomusicology (Past President and other offices)
American Council of Learned Societies (past SEM rep.)
American Musicological Society
International Council for Traditional Music
International Musicological Society
Congresses et al.
Congresses, papers read, public lectures, symposia, seminars, panel discussions, etc. in universities, colleges, governmental bureaus, and public forums in the United States and abroad, 1953 – the present
PRINCIPAL PUBLICATIONS
Books
Mantle Hood, six novels: The Keepers [1998], The Celestial Connection [1999], Just a Stone’s Throw [2000], The Wisdom Knot [200l], From Out of the Blue, Trompin’ the Wraparound [2002].
Books and Articles in Books
Mantle Hood, “Balinese Gamelan Semar Pegulingan: the Modal System,” To the Four Corners, a Festschrift in Honor of Rose Brandel, edited by Ellen C. Leichtman, Michigan: Harmonie Park Press, 1994, 11-23.
- - - - "Voiceprints in Omani Traditional Music," in a festschrift for J. H. Nketia African Musicology.
- - - - Current Trends, Vol. II, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1992, 191-244.
- - - - ditto, co-published as another festscrift by the Sultanate of Oman, Muscat, Oman, 1995.
- - - - Paragon of the Roaring Sea. THE EVOLUTION OF JAVANESE GAMELAN, BOOK III. Wilhelmshaven: Florian Noetzel Verlag, 1988.
- - - - "All Musical Cultures are about Equally Complex." (chapter in) More than Drumming. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1985.
- - - - Legacy of the Roaring Sea. THE EVOLUTION OF JAVANESE GAMELAN, BOOK II. Wilhelmshaven: Heinrichshofen, 1984.
- - - - The Ethnomusicologist. New Edition. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1982; translations complete or in process: Arabic, Chinese, Indonesian, Korean, Polish (1986 -).
- - - - Music of the Roaring Sea. THE EVOLUTION OF JAVANESE GAMELAN, BOOK I. Wilhelmshaven: Heinrichshofen, 1980.
- - - - The Nuclear Theme as a Determinant of Patet in Javanese Music. Deluxe Editions (reprint of dissertation), New York: Da Capo Press, 1977.
- - - - "Slendro and Pelog Redefined" (chapter in) Readings in Ethnomusicology. David P. McAllester, editor; reprint, 2nd ed. New York: Johnson Reprint, 1976.
- - - - The Nuclear Theme as a Determinant of Patet in Javanese Music, (reprint of 1954 dissertation), New York: Da Capo., 1977.
- - - - "The Consensus Makers of Asian Music." (chapter in) Perspectives in Musicology. Editors: Barry S. Brook, Edward O. D. Downes, Sherman Van Solkema. New York: W. W. Norton, 1972.
- - - - "Music of Indonesia." (chapter in) Handbuch der Orientalistik. Leiden: E. J. Brille, 1972.
- - - - The Ethnomusicologist. New York: McGraw-Hill, 197l.
Toch, Ernst. Placed as a Link in this Chain - a Medley of Observations. Selection, organization, and Introduction by Mantle Hood. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 197l.
Hood, Mantle and Hardja Susilo. Music of the Venerable Dark Cloud. Los Angeles: Institute of Ethnomusicology, UCLA, 1967.
McPhee, Colin. Music in Bali. Forward and indices by Mantle Hood. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966.
Harrison, Frank, Mantle Hood, Claud Palisca. Musicology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1963.
Hood, Mantle. "Indonesia." (chapter in) Asia in the Modern World. Helen G. Mathew, ed. New York: Mentor Books, 1963.
- - - - "The Enduring Traditions." (chapter in) Indonesia. Ruth McVey, ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963.
- - - - Institute of Ethnomusicology. Los Angeles: Institute of Ethnomusicology, 196l.
- - - - Javanese Gamelan in the World of Music. (Gamelan Djawa Dilihat Dari Segi Dunia Musik, Trans. H. Susilo) Jogyakarta: Kedaulatan Rakjat, 1958.
Mellema, R. Wayang Puppets, Carving, Coloring, Symbols. Trans. from the Dutch by Mantle Hood. Amsterdam: Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen, 1954.
Hood, Mantle. The Nuclear Theme as a Determinant of Patet in Javanese Music. Groningen: J. B. Wolters, 1954.
Encyclopedias
Mantle Hood, "Composition and Improvisation," Encyclopedia of Communications, University of Pennsylvania, 1987.
- - - - "Southeast Asia." The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 6th ed. London: Macmillan, 1980, 20 vols.
- - - - “Bronze drum.” The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 6th ed. London: Macmillan, 1980, 20 vols.
- - - - "Indonesia." The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 6th ed. London: Macmillan, 1980, 20 vols.
- - - - "Ethnomusicology." Harvard Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969.
- - - - "Pelog." Harvard Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969.
- - - - "Slendro." Harvard Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969.
- - - - "Indonesie.” Encyclopedie de la musique. Paris: Fosquelle, 1963.
- - - - "Pelog." Encyclopedie de la musique. Paris: Fosquelle, 1963.
- - - - "Slendro." Encyclopedie de la musique. Paris: Fosquelle, 1963.
- - - - "Music in History, II - The Orient," Home Encyclopedia of Music, Columbia Records, 196l.
- - - - "Balinesische Musik." Riekmann Musiklexikon. Reiburg: Briesgau, 1960.
- - - - "Javanische Musik." Riemann Musiklexikon. Reiburg: Briesgau, 1960.
- - - - "Indonesie." Encyclopedia van de Muziek. Amsterdam: Elseviers, 1958.
- - - - "Pelog." Encyclopedia van de Muziek. Amsterdam: Elseviers, 1958.
- - - - "Slendro." Encyclopedia van de Muziek. Amsterdam: Elseviers, 1958.
Articles
Hood, Mantle, “Ethnomusicology”s Bronze Age in Y2K,” Ethnomusicology, Vo. 44, No. 3, 2000
- - - -, “Ethnomusioclogy’s Bronze Age in Y2K,” World Music Reports, Vol. I, No. 4, 2000
- - - -, “Il Rasa del suono,” Musica/Realta, 53, Luglio, 1997.
- - - -, "The Quantum Theory of Music II," World Music Reports, Vol. I, No.l, Center for World Music, 1996; published in Chinese (China News, 1992); published in Croat, 1992 (see below).
- - - -, “The Quantum Theory of Music (I),” (prepublished and read in ESEM Congress, Berlin, 1990),China News, (published in Chinese), Beijing, 199l; (viz II) in Croat, 1992; Mudra, (in English) Bali, 1996.
- - - -, John Blacking Memorial Lecture, “The Musical River of Change and Innovation,” European Seminar in Ethnomusicology, pub. By Oideion, Internet, 1995.
- - - -, “Angkep-angkepan,” Ndroje balendro, Musiques, terrains et disciplines, Peters, Paris, 1995.
- - - -, “ENTRETIENS: LA VOIE DUR GAMELAN, Entretien avec Ki Mantle Hood,” Cahiers de musiques traditionnelles, 6, 1993.
- - - -, "Gli 'Indescrivibili' della Musica," EM, Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Archivi di Etnomusicologia, Libreria Musicale Italiana, Rome, 1993
- - - -, "The Untalkables of Music," International Workshop SONIC REPRESENTATION AND TRANSFORM, International School for Advanced Studies, Laboratorio Interdisciplinare per le Scienze Naturali ed Umanistiche, Trieste, Italy, in press, 1992.
- - - -, "Teorija kvantuma u glazbi (II)," Arti Musices 23/2, Zagreb, 1992, 157-164.
- - - -, "Polyphonic Stratification in the Music of Southeast Asia," Proceedings, ESEM, 1992.
- - - -, "Universal Aspects of Javanese Musical Improvisation," Premio Internazionale Latina di Studi Musicali, Camp Internazionale di Musica, Latina, Italy, 1990; also in Chinese translation in Chinese News, Central Academy of Music, Beijing, 1991.
- - - -, "Balinese Gamelan Semar Pegulingan, The Modal System," Progress Reports in Ethnomusicology, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1990.
- - - - "Ethnomusicology in the United States," Campus Internazionale di Musica, Latina, Italy; also in Chinese Translation in Chinese News, Central Academy of Music, Beijing, 1990.
- - - - "The Quantum Theory of Music,"European Seminar in Ethnomusicology, VII,International Institute for Comparative Music Studies and Documentation, 1990, 273-
277; also in Chinese translation in Chinese News, Central Academy of Music, Beijing, 1990.
- - - - , Frank L. Vice, and others,"Cervical Auscultation of Suckle Feeding in Newborn Infants," Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 32, 1990, 760-768.
- - - - "L'Arte della composiqione e dell improvvisazion nella dMusica tradizionale Giavanese," Ethnomusicologica, Seminari Internazionali di Ethnomusicologica, 1977–89, XLIII, 91-106.
- - - - "Music from Galileo to Einstein - A Quantum Leap," keynote address, Progress Reports in Ethnomusicology, Vol. II, No. 3., 1989.
- - - - "Music from Galileo to Einstein . . ." Chinese transl., Chinese News, Journal of The Central Academy of Music, Beijing, China, 1989.
- - - - "The 'Ha' of Music," Keynote Address, Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Academy of the Arts, Cairo; in press, 1989.
- - - - "A Courtly Edict for Javanese Music," Papers of the Third International Conference on Chinese Ethnomusicology, Taipai, Taiwan, 1988, 13-23.
- - - - "Musical Ornamentation as History: the Hawaiian Steel Guitar," Newsletter, Hawaiian Steel Guitar Association, 1988.
- - - - "Indonesia Antica, Musica Nova," Musica e Dossier, Anno II,. Numbero IV, Septembre, 1987, 28-31.
- - - - "Indonesian New Music, " Journal, Accadmia Musicale Chigiana, Siena, Italy (in press), 1987.
- - - - "Javanese Gamelan Sekati, Its Sanctity and Age," Acta Musicologica, Vol. LVII, Fasc. I, 1985. 33-37.
- - - - "The Computer in Ethnomusicology." Marlene Brown and C. Herbert Gilliland, eds. Anapolis: U. S. Naval Academy, 1984. 65-70.
- - - - "Bronze Drum," International Dictonary of Musical Instruments. London: Macmillan, 1984. 3 vols.
- - - - "The Epic Identity and the Arts," keynote address (summary), XXXI International Congress of Human Sciences in Asia and North Africa 1983, the Toho Solskai: Tokyo, 1984. 663-665.
- - - - "Musical Ornamentation as History: the Hawaiian Steel Guitar," Yearbook for Traditional Music, 15:141-48. Biblio., music, 1983.
- - - - "The Bronze Drums of Dongson Culture as Musical Instruments," Proceedings, International Musicological Society, 1982
- - - - "Historical Reconstructions for Oral Traditions of Music," The World of Music, Vol. XXIII, No. 2, 198l.
- - - - "Reminiscent of Charles Seeger," Bulletin, IFMC, 1980.
- - - - "Tribute to Charles Seeger," The World of Music, 1979
- - - - "Universal Attributes of Music," The World of Music, 1977.
- - - - "Improvisation in the Stratified Ensembles of Southeast Asia," Selected Reports, Vol. II, No. 2, 1974.
- - - - "Aspects of Group Improvisation in the Javanese Gamelan," Musics of Asia, National Music Council, Manila, 197l.
- - - - "Epilogue," Musics of Asia, National Music Council, Manila, 197l.
- - - - "Musical Literacy in the 1970's," Journal, College Music Society, Vol. II, Fall, 197l.
- - - - "Effect of Medieval Technology on Musical Style in the Orient," Selected Reports, Vol. I, No. 3, 1970.
- - - - "Music of the Venerable Dark Cloud," Harper's Bazar, January, 1968.
- - - - "Slendro and Pelog Redefined," Selected Reports, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1966.
- - - - "Non-Western Music in Western Education," Education News, Vol. 10 (North Sydney, Australia), 1965.
- - - - "Improvisation as a Discipline in Javanese Music" (reprint), Music Educators Journal, Washington, D.C., 1964.
- - - - "Improvisation as a Discipline in Javanese Music," International Music Education, No. 8, Washington, D.C., 1963.
- - - - "The Quest for Norms in Ethnomusicology," Inter-American Music Bulletin, No. 35, Washington, D.C., 1963.
- - - - "Musical Significance," Ethnomusicology, Anniversary edition, 1963.
- - - - "Javanese Music for American Children," Music Educators Journal, 1962.
- - - - "The Javanese Rebab," Music, Libraries and Instruments, Hinrichsen, 196l.
- - - - "The Reliability of Oral Tradition," Journal, American Musicological Society,1960.
- - - - "The Challenge of 'Bi-musicality',"
Ethnomusicology, 1960; (numerous reprints in readers, 1980's.
- - - - "Music of the Javanese Gamelan," Festival of Oriental Music and the Related Arts, May 8–22, UCLA, 1960.
- - - - "Asian Music on an American Campus," Pan Pipes, 1960.
- - - - "Changing Patterns in the Arts of Java," Bulletin of the Institute of Traditional Cultures, UNESCO, MADRAS, 1959.
- - - - "Wajang Purwa," Catalogue, Los Angeles County Museum, 1959.
- - - - "Asian Music on an American Campus," Asia Society Letter, 1959.
- - - - "Folk Imitations of the Javanese Gamelan," Viltis, 1956.
- - - - "De Componist Roy Harris," Concertgebouw Nieuws, 1953.
- - - - "The First Television Opera," New Outlook, 1952.
- - - - "The Music of Other Peoples," New Outlook, 1952.
- - - - "Back to Pre-Bach," New Outlook, 195l.
- - - - "A New Art Form" (Part I), New Outlook, 195l.
- - - - "Color-Music: a New Art Form" (Part II), New Outlook, 195l.
- - - - "Technique is not Enough," New Outlook, 195l.
- - - - "A 'Sacreligious' Requiem," New Outlook, 195l.
- - - - "A Glance at Gian-Carlo Menotti," New Outlook, 195l.
- - - - "Our Listening Altitude," New Outlook, 195l.
- - - - "The Semantics of Music," New Outlook, 195l.
Documentary Films
Atumpan (see Honors and Awards), 1985.
Tari Topeng Sunda, 10' color-sound, masked dance style of West Java, filmed in Indonesia, 1972. (Also VHS)
The Puppet Play of West Java, 6' color-sound, filmed in Indonesia, 1970. (Also VHS)
The Shadow Play of Bali, 6' color-sound, filmed in Indonesia, 1970. (Also VHS)
Atumpan, the Talking Drums of Ghana, edited for Macmillan, New York, 1969.
Ghanaian Dance Ensemble, filmed on UCLA campus, 1968.
Three for Dance, original music, directed and narrated for Educational Television, Honololo, 1968. (Also VHS)
8,000 feet of 16mm film and sound documention of classes given by and attended by Regents Lecturer, Ravi Shankar, l965. (Edited but not released.)
4,000 feet of 16mm film and sound documentation of teaching methods and solo performance techniques of Indian tabla performed by the virtuoso Alla Rhaka, 1965. (Edited but not released.)
Atumpan, the Talking Drums of Ghana, 42' color-sound documentary-narrative, 16mm, filmed in Ghana,1963-64. (Also VHS)
Recordings
"Marta Budaja," release by Balungan, Lou Harrison, ed., 1993.
"Implosion" (see HONORS AND AWARDS), 1989.
Supervision of editing and engineering "Bali North, LP recording master from field collection of Dr. Ruby Orstein,. 1972.
"Bali South," LP recording issued by the Institute of Ethnomusicology, UCLA, from the field collection of Gertrude Rivers Robinson, 1972.
Three LP's (untitled) from collection of Mantle Hood for the book The Ethnomusicologist (see Books), 197l.
"Africa East and West," materials selected and edited from Mantle Hood collection and others, LP recording narrated by Mantle Hood and released by African Studies Center, UCLA, 1969. (IER 675l)
"Music of the Venerable Dark Cloud," LP recorded by Columbia Masterworks (CBS studios), programmed by Mantle Hood, including supervision of recording, engineering and mastering, released by the Institute of Ethnomusicology, UCLA, 1967. (IER 750l)
"African Music," LP master, supervison of editing, engineering, and programming of examples from field collection of Professor Klaus Wachsmann, 1967.
"Persian Music," LP master, supervision of editing, engineering, and programming of examples from field collection of Professor Hormoz Farhat, 1967.
"Japanese Traditional Music," LP master of Keiji Yagi, studio recording by Mantle Hood, 1967.
"Lord Jim," LP from sound track of Columia motion picture Lord Jim, 1964. (Colpix CP 52l)
"The Exotic Sounds of Bali," LP issued in Columbia Masterworks series (MI 6445, stereo, MI 5845, monaural, 1963), nominated for a Grammy, 1964; reissued on Odyssey, 1963 (No. 32160366); programmed by Mantle Hood, including supervision of engineering and mastering.
Recent Musical Compositions
“Gending Shin,” a bibaran for Javanese gamelan, adopted by the Japanese club as the closing number for all future concerts, World Premier Kyoto, Japan, May 2, 1998.
"Gending Lou" transcribed for Balinese gamelan Semar Pegulingan, 1989, adapted for dance drama, scheduled for two performances in February, 1990.
"Gendhing Ageng Lou" for Javanese gamelan pelog in two continuous movements, commissioned by Lou Harrison, 1988, scheduled for World Premier Aril 10, 1990.
"Selamat Singapadu" for gender wayang quartet, 1988.
"Saratoga Springs" for Balinese gamelan angklung, dedicated to Lou Harrison, in press, Balungan, 1986.
"Marta Budaja" for Javanese gamelan slendro, in three patet; commissioned by the American composer Lou Harrison, 1983; premiered May 8, 1984; two performances at the Saratoga Springs Music festival 1986; performance at Expo '86, Vancouver, B.C.; in press, Balungan, 1986.
"Explosion" for percussion quintet, premiered 1983.
"Implosion" for percussion quartet, premiered 198l, published by Somers, 1982.
"Aloha Is," text and music for Hawaiian anthem, premiered Honolulu International Center, 1976.
"Four Ballads for Tenor Voice, text and music, 1976.
"Sound Partials" for 17 Buddhist gongs, commissioned by Hazel Chung for solo choreography, premiered at Theater Vanguard, Los Angeles, 1974.
"Negotiated Peace" for string quartert premiered at UCLA,1973.
"Sekar Anjar" for Balinese gamelan angklung, commissioned for solo choreography by I Made' Bandem, premiered at Ojai Festival in California, 1972.
"Pandji Kesemaran" for Balinese gamelan angklung, commissioned by I Made' Bandem for choreography for three dancers, premiered at Ojai Festival in California, 1972.
"Time to Mourn" for seven diverse African, Southeast Asian, and East Asia percussion instruments, commissioned by Hazel Chung for choreography for dance company, premiered at Kennedy Theater, East-West Center, Honolulu, 1968.
"Emergence" for eight players, a synthesis of South Asian, Southeast Asian, Polynesian, East Asian, African, and Western musical instruments and concepts (see
Documentary Films, “Three for Dance),” 1968.
"Owari" for 11 performers, a synthesis of African, Asian, and Western musical instruments and concepts, premiered at Kennedy Theater, East-West Center, Honolulu, 1968.
challenges. The student is also able to better connect socially with the community being studied and have better access to the community's ritual
s and performances.
The inspiration of "bi-musical" was "bi-lingual". Hood applied the term to music the same way a linguist
would when describing someone who spoke two languages. He also strongly proposed that ethnomusicology students should know the spoken language
of the musical culture being studied. This led to the breakdown of the steadfast rule of having to have competence in French and German at many ethnomusicology programs. Now Javanese, Spanish
, Hindi, Portuguese, Navajo, Finnish, Quechua, Korean or any other topic-relevant language can fulfill foreign language requirements.
(Encomium for Mantle Hood, Dale Olsen, SEM Newsletter, Vol. 39 No. 3, p. 4, May 2005).
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
ethnomusicologist. Among other areas, he specialized in studying gamelan
Gamelan
A gamelan is a musical ensemble from Indonesia, typically from the islands of Bali or Java, featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones, xylophones, drums and gongs; bamboo flutes, bowed and plucked strings. Vocalists may also be included....
music from Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. Hood pioneered, in the 1950s and 1960s, a new approach to the study of music, and the creation at UCLA of the first American university program devoted to ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology is defined as "the study of social and cultural aspects of music and dance in local and global contexts."Coined by the musician Jaap Kunst from the Greek words ἔθνος ethnos and μουσική mousike , it is often considered the anthropology or ethnography of music...
. He was known for a suggestion, somewhat novel at the time, that his students actually learn to play the music they were studying.
Biography
Born and brought up in Springfield, IllinoisSpringfield, Illinois
Springfield is the third and current capital of the US state of Illinois and the county seat of Sangamon County with a population of 117,400 , making it the sixth most populated city in the state and the second most populated Illinois city outside of the Chicago Metropolitan Area...
, Hood studied piano
Piano
The piano is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard. It is one of the most popular instruments in the world. Widely used in classical and jazz music for solo performances, ensemble use, chamber music and accompaniment, the piano is also very popular as an aid to composing and rehearsal...
as a child and played tenor saxophone
Tenor saxophone
The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the saxophone family, a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s. The tenor, with the alto, are the two most common types of saxophones. The tenor is pitched in the key of B, and written as a transposing instrument in the treble...
in regional jazz
Jazz
Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th...
clubs in his teens. Despite his talent as a musician, he had no plans to make it his profession. He moved to Los Angeles
Los Ángeles
Los Ángeles is the capital of the province of Biobío, in the commune of the same name, in Region VIII , in the center-south of Chile. It is located between the Laja and Biobío rivers. The population is 123,445 inhabitants...
in the 1930s and wrote pulp fiction
Pulp magazine
Pulp magazines , also collectively known as pulp fiction, refers to inexpensive fiction magazines published from 1896 through the 1950s. The typical pulp magazine was seven inches wide by ten inches high, half an inch thick, and 128 pages long...
while employed as a draftsman
Technical drawing
Technical drawing, also known as drafting or draughting, is the act and discipline of composing plans that visually communicate how something functions or has to be constructed.Drafting is the language of industry....
in the aeronautical
Aeronautics
Aeronautics is the science involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of airflight-capable machines, or the techniques of operating aircraft and rocketry within the atmosphere...
industry.
After Army
United States Army
The United States Army is the main branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven U.S. uniformed services...
service in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, he returned to Los Angeles. He enrolled in the School of Agriculture
Agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
at the University of California
University of California
The University of California is a public university system in the U.S. state of California. Under the California Master Plan for Higher Education, the University of California is a part of the state's three-tier public higher education system, which also includes the California State University...
before transferring to UCLA.
Between 1945 and 1950 Mantle Hood studied Western music under composer Ernst Toch
Ernst Toch
Ernst Toch was a composer of classical music and film scores.- Biography :Toch, born in Leopoldstadt, Vienna, into the family of a humble Jewish leather dealer when the city was at its 19th-century cultural zenith, sought throughout his life to introduce new approaches to music...
and composed several classical pieces. Hood earned both his BA
Bachelor of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts , from the Latin artium baccalaureus, is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both...
in music and MA
Master's degree
A master's is an academic degree granted to individuals who have undergone study demonstrating a mastery or high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice...
in composition from UCLA in 1951. As a Fulbright scholar, Hood studied Indonesian music under Jaap Kunst
Jaap Kunst
Jaap Kunst was a Dutch ethnomusicologist, particularly associated with the study of gamelan music of Indonesia...
at the University of Amsterdam.
He wrote his Ph.D.
Ph.D.
A Ph.D. is a Doctor of Philosophy, an academic degree.Ph.D. may also refer to:* Ph.D. , a 1980s British group*Piled Higher and Deeper, a web comic strip*PhD: Phantasy Degree, a Korean comic series* PhD Docbook renderer, an XML renderer...
dissertation on pathet
Pathet
The pathet is an organizing concept in gamelan music. It is difficult to explain, but is similar to the melody types, that is, for example, modes, ragas, or maqamat, of other musics....
, translated as the modal system of Central Javanese music. He proposed that the contours of the balungan
Balungan
The balungan is sometimes called the "core melody" of a Javanese gamelan composition. This corresponds to the view that gamelan music is heterophonic: the balungan is then the melody which is being elaborated....
(nuclear theme) melody
Melody
A melody , also tune, voice, or line, is a linear succession of musical tones which is perceived as a single entity...
are the primary determinants of the Javanese musical mode. The dissertation, The Nuclear Theme as a Determinant of Patet in Javanese Music was published in 1954.
After completing his doctoral work in 1954, Hood spent two years in Indonesia doing field research funded by a Ford Foundation
Ford Foundation
The Ford Foundation is a private foundation incorporated in Michigan and based in New York City created to fund programs that were chartered in 1936 by Edsel Ford and Henry Ford....
fellowship. He joined the faculty at UCLA where he established the first gamelan performance program in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
in 1958. He also founded the Institute for Ethnomusicology at UCLA in 1960. UCLA quickly became an important American hub of this rapidly developing field. Hood's work spawned a legion of teachers and leaders of the more than 100 gamelan groups in the United States today.
A renowned expert in Javanese and Bali
Bali
Bali is an Indonesian island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east...
nese music and culture
Culture
Culture is a term that has many different inter-related meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions...
, Hood received honors from the Indonesian government for his research, among them the conferral of the title Ki (literally "the venerable") in 1986, and in 1992 was one of the first non-Indonesians to be honored with membership into the Dharma Kusuma (Society of National Heroes).
Hood wrote numerous novels, scholarly books and articles in journals and encyclopedias. Some of his works include The Ethnomusicologist (1971, 1982), Music in Indonesia (1972), the three-volumed The Evolution of Javanese Gamelan.
In 1973, Hood left UCLA and retired to Hawaii
Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...
where he composed music and served as an editor of The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. He also wrote contributions for the Harvard Dictionary of Music
Harvard Dictionary of Music
The Harvard Dictionary of Music is a standard music reference book published by the Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.The first edition was published in 1944, and was edited by Willi Apel. The second edition, also edited by Apel, was published in 1969. A new editor, Don Michael Randel,...
and the Encyclopedie de la Musique.
In the 1980s, he came out of retirement in Hawaii
Hawaii
Hawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...
to become Senior Distinguished Professor at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, where he remained until 1996, establishing an ethnomusicology program. He was a professor of music at West Virginia University
West Virginia University
West Virginia University is a public research university in Morgantown, West Virginia, USA. Other campuses include: West Virginia University at Parkersburg in Parkersburg; West Virginia University Institute of Technology in Montgomery; Potomac State College of West Virginia University in Keyser;...
and a visiting professor at Harvard, Yale
YALE
RapidMiner, formerly YALE , is an environment for machine learning, data mining, text mining, predictive analytics, and business analytics. It is used for research, education, training, rapid prototyping, application development, and industrial applications...
, Wesleyan
Wesleyan University
Wesleyan University is a private liberal arts college founded in 1831 and located in Middletown, Connecticut. According to the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, Wesleyan is the only Baccalaureate College in the nation that emphasizes undergraduate instruction in the arts and...
, Indiana
Indiana University Bloomington
Indiana University Bloomington is a public research university located in Bloomington, Indiana, in the United States. IU Bloomington is the flagship campus of the Indiana University system. Being the flagship campus, IU Bloomington is often referred to simply as IU or Indiana...
, and Drake
Drake University
Drake University is a private, co-educational university located in Des Moines, Iowa, USA. The institution offers a number of undergraduate and graduate programs, as well as professional programs in law and pharmacy. Today, Drake is one of the twenty-five oldest law schools in the country....
Universities and the University of Ghana
University of Ghana
The University of Ghana is the oldest and largest of the thirteen Ghanaian universities and tertiary institutions. It is one of the best universities in Africa and by far the most prestigious in West Africa...
. He also served as President of the Society for Ethnomusicology
Society for Ethnomusicology
The Society for Ethnomusicology is, with the International Council for Traditional Music and the British Forum for Ethnomusicology, one of three major international associations ethnomusicology...
from 1965 to 1967. In 1999 he was the Charles Seeger
Charles Seeger
Charles Seeger, Jr. was a noted musicologist, composer, and teacher. He was the father of iconic American folk singer Pete Seeger .-Life:...
Lecturer at the annual conference of the SEM.
Mantle Hood's wife, Hazel Chung, was a teacher of Indonesian and Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
n dance. Hood, with Chung, shot footage in Ghana
Ghana
Ghana , officially the Republic of Ghana, is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south...
and Nigeria
Nigeria
Nigeria , officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in...
for their film
Film
A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects...
, Atumpan: The Talking Drums of Ghana (1964).
In 1990, Mantle Hood presented a paper at the 7th International Congress of the European Seminar in Ethnomusicology in Berlin under the title "The Quantum Theory of Music." The concept sought to revolutionize research in music by developing theoretical and practical constructs to close a 75-year gap between the 1920s, which were the beginning of the quantum age in the sciences, and the present. An international consortium was formed (England, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Russia, and the United States). This consortium resulted in an interdisciplinary five-day workshop with the keynote paper on this subject held in Trieste, Italy, including scholars in physics, mathematics, acoustics, computer-based musical composition, and ethnomusicology. In the following year, seminars in ethnomusicology were held in Venice, Italy. In subsequent years, a core group continued to explore new paradigms inspired by Hood's concepts, and worked through correspondence and meetings. The group included Giovanni Giuriati of the University of Rome, Rudiger Schumacher of the University of Cologne, John E. Myers of Bard College at Simon’s Rock, and others. Schumacher and Myers delivered related papers at the annual conference of the European Seminar in Ethnomusicology, held in Barcelona, Spain, Sept. 20-25, 1993. In 1999, Hood outlined key principles of his quantum theory - influenced thinking in his paper "Ethnomusicology's Bronze Age in Y2K," delivered as the Seeger Lecture at the congress of the Society for Ethnomusicology held in Austin, Texas.
Hood died in Ellicott City, Maryland
Ellicott City, Maryland
Ellicott City is an unincorporated community and census-designated place in Howard County, Maryland, United States. It is part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. The population was 65,834 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Howard County...
. His son Made Mantle Hood (BA (Maryland), MA (Hawaii), PhD (Cologne)) is a lecturer in ethnomusicology at Monash University
Monash University
Monash University is a public university based in Melbourne, Victoria. It was founded in 1958 and is the second oldest university in the state. Monash is a member of Australia's Group of Eight and the ASAIHL....
in Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
.
Curriculum Vitae
DegreesUCLA, B.A., Highest Honors in Music, Phi Beta Kappa, 195l
UCLA, M.A. in Music, 1952
University of Amsterdam, Ph.D. cum laude, 1954
University of Cologne, 2003
Doctoris Philosophiae Honoris Causa
Teaching
Visiting Professor, Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia Denpasar, Summer, 1998.
Senior Distinguished Professor, West Virginia University, 1995–1998
Housewright Eminent Scholar, Florida State University, 1996-1997 (in residence: March, 1997).
Distinguished Visiting Professor, University of Massachusetts, Boston, 1993–94
Adjunct Professor, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1993-94
Senior Distinguished Professor Retired, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1993
Visiting Professor, The Queen's University of Belfast, 1985
Visiting Professor, The Academy of Arts, Cairo, Egypt, 1984
Visiting Professor, Central Academy of Music, Beijing, 1983
Visiting Professor, The Queen's University of Belfast, 1983
Senior Distinguished Professor of Ethnomusicology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1980–1996
Visiting Distinguished Professor of Folklore, Indiana University, 1977–78
Visiting Professor, Yale University, 1977
Adjunct Professor, UMBC, 1976
Professor Emeritus, UCLA, 1974
Visiting Distinguished Professor, Drake University, 1972
Visiting Colleague, University of Hawaii, 1967–68
Visiting Professor, University of Ghana, 1963–64
Professor, UCLA, 1962–74
Visiting Professor, Harvard University, 196l
Associate Professor, UCLA, 1959
Assistant Professor, UCLA, 1956
Instructor, UCLA, 1954
Courses:
Pro-seminar in Ethnomusicology
Music of Africa
Music of Bali
Music of Hawaii
Music of Indonesia
Music of Java
Musical Cultures of the World
Advanced Orchestration
Advanced Harmony
Advanced Modal Counterpoint
Music Appreciation
Musicianship
Form and Analysis
Balinese Gamelan Performance
Balinese Gender Wayang Performance
Javanese Gamelan Performance
Seminars:
Seminar in Ethnomusicology
Seminar in Field and Laboratory Methods
Seminar in Bibliography and Research Methods
Seminar in Guided Writing
Seminar in Organology
Seminar in Aesthetics
Individual Guidance
many Special Projects and the guidance of a large number of M.A. and Ph.D. candidates
Administration
President of the Academic Senate, UMBC, 1981–82
Progenitor and Program Coordinator of M.A./Ph.D., 1980 program in ethnomusicology, UMBC; including budgetary responsibility, staffing, research program, curriculum
Founder-Director Institute of Ethnomusicology, UCLA, 1961-1974. Responsibilities: instigating and coordinating interdisciplinary research programs involving many departments, several colleges of UCLA, and occasionally other campuses of the University; budgets, grant proposals (for the Institute, for UCLA, for Univ. of California), curriculum planning and staffing with emphasis on the ethnic arts. Graduate degree candidates averaged 50 annually; majors and non-majors involved in performances and areas courses in ethnomusicology numbered between 500-600 annually.
Honors and Awards
Award 2002 for Outstanding Contribution to the United States-Indonesia Relationship, September 12, 2002, Washington D.C., The United States-Indonesia Society
The Charles Seeger Lecture, Austin Texas, SEM, November 20, 1999: “Ethnomusicology’s Bronze Age in Y2K”.
Housewright Eminent Scholar, academic year 1996-1997, Florida State University, (in residence: March, 1997).
John Blacking Memorial Lecture, “The Musical River of Change and Innovation,” Triple Congress, ESEM, Rotterdam, 1995.
One of the first five non-Indonesians honored by membership in Dharma Kusuma, (Society of National Heroes)in a ceremony led by the Governor of Bali, August 14, 1992.
Inaugural Address: “The Quantum Theory of Music II,” for the founding of the Jaap Kunst Stichting (Foundation), October 3, 1991, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Honorary Life-Time President, Jaap Kunst Stichting.
Adjudicator for an international competition of research in ethonmusicology (Premio internazionale Latina di studi musicali), sponspored by Campus Internazionale di Musica Associazione Circe-Eurora, Latina, Italy, September 27–29, 1990.
Ditto 1995.
Canadian Broadcasting Company purchased mechanical reproduction rights for
"Implosion," percussion quartet (1981), for broadcast throughout Canada and 1,000 affiliated stations worldwide, 1989; (composers: VARESE, BELUSE, MOREL, LANZA, KONDO, HOOD).
Principal Speaker, "Gamelan in America," lecture-concert "Double Concerto" by Lou Harrison, Japan Musical Education and Culture Promotion Society, Tokyo, May, 1989.
Keynote address, "Music from Galileo to Einstein -- a Quantum Leap," Southern California Chapter of the Society for Ethnomusicology, UCLA, May, 1989.
The title "KI" (Javanese: "KHJAI"), “The Venerable,” conferred by the Indonesian Government, August, 1986, (the only non-Indonesian ever so-honored).
Documentary film Atumpan (42' color) selected for Milan Film Festival, 1985, filmed in West Africa, 1963–64.
Invitation from Under-Secretary of Culture in Oman to research collection of Omani folklore, make recommendations to the Omani Government (Muscat, Oman, April, 1985), and to participate in a two-week congress (Muscat, October, 1985).
Senior Fulbright to Australia, summer, 1985 (declined).
Keynote address: "Music the 'Ha' of Culture," Silver Jubilee, April, 1984, Cairo University
Keynote address: "The Epic Identity and the Arts," Section 12 Tradition and Intercultural Relations in Music, Dance and Theater, XXXI International Congress of Human Sciences in Asia and North Africa, 31 August to 7 September, Tokyo and Kyoto, 1983.
Certificate of Merit, Prime Minister Suharto (now ex-President Suharto), Indonesia, 1983.
NEH Summer Seminar for College Teachers, UMBC, 1982, "Are All Musical Cultures about Equally Complex?"
Director, Summer Institute for Elementary-Secondary Teachers, U.S. Office of Education, 1982.
Elected to Scientific Board, International Institute of Comparative Music Studies and Documentation, Berlin, 1978.
Keynote address: Pacific Basin Conference, University of California Santa Cruz, 1977.
Senior Fulbright to Bombay, India, 1975.
Certificate of Outstanding Contributions to Indonesia, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, 1975.
Research Fellowship, Center for Twentieth Century Studies, University of Wisconsin, 1973 (declined).
Senior Fulbright Lectureship to Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, 1972-73 (declined in favor of consultancy).
Senior Fellow Specialist, East-West Center, Honolulu, 197l
Fellowship, California Institute of the Humanities, 1970–71, (declined).
Senior Fellowship, NEH, 1971.
Senior Fulbright Lecturer, Australia, 1969-70 (declined).
Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1969.
Fellowship, Institute of Creative Arts, University of California, 1967–68.
Visiting Colleague, University of Hawaii, 1967–68.
Fellowship, American Council of Learned Societies, 1964-65.
Fellowship, African-American Universities Program, Ghana-Nigeria, 1963–64.
Fellow, Princeton Council on Humanities, 1962-63.
Elected to the Research Group, UCLA, 1962.
Two successive Ford Foundation Fellowships to Indonesia, 1956-58.
Two successive Fulbright Fellowships, The Netherlands, 1952-54.
Guggenheim Fellowship, 1952 (declined).
University Fellowships, UCLA, 195l-53 (second year declined).
University Committees
UMBC (1980–1995):
Provost's Advisory Committee
Academic Planning and Budget Committee
Graduate Council
President of Academic Senate
U. of Maryland President's Task Force on Admission Requirements
Committee on General Distribution Requirements
Committee on Core Curricula
Chairman, Graduate Committee
Chancellor's Faculty Review Committee of Promotion, Tenure, Contracts
numerous ad hoc committees
UCLA (1954–74):
Committee on Committees of the Academic Senate
Committee on the University of the Future
Chancellor's Committee on International and Comparative Studies
University Cultural Policy Committee
Arts and Literature Committee
University of California-University of Chile Committee
Committee on Asian Studies
Lower Division College Steering Committee
(five annual) Steering Committees for UC All-Faculty Conferences, held on Davis Campus
Library Committee of the Academic Senate
Committee for African Studies Center
Committee for the Institute of Ethnomusicology
Committee for the Center for Mythology and Folklore
Committee for the Center for Near Eastern Studies
Committee for the Center for Latin American Studies
numerous ad hoc committees of the Senate, UCLA campus, the greater University
Departmental Committees (UCLA):
Graduate Advisor
Chairman, Council Ethnomusicology
Composers' Council
Graduate Committee
Committee on T.A.s
Library Committee
numerous ad hoc interdepartmental and college committees
PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Consulting
1999-2000 appointed Adunct Distinguished Senior Professor; continuing as consultant and Editor-in-Chief of journal World Music Reports (see EDITORIAL) to the present
1995-98 Dean Philip Faini, College of Creative Arts, West Virginia University
1994-95 - Asian Cultural Council
1993-94 - University of Massachusetts
1993 - Asian Cultural Council
1992 - Asian Cultural Council
1991 - Ford Foundation Indonesia
1991 - Asian Cultural Council
1991 - Jaap Kunst Stichting, Amsterdam
1991 - Constitution and By laws, European Seminar in Ethnomusicology, Lucerne, Switzerland
1991 - Sekolah Tinggi Seni Indonesia, Bali, Indonesia
1990-96 - Reader for the National Humanities Center
1989 - Japan Victor Company, Editorial Board for American Edition (U.S. and Canada), 30 video tapes of music-dance worldwide (Japanese version released 1987)
1988- - The (international) Hawaiian Steel Guitar Association.
1988- - The Research Foundation, San Francisco
1987- - Asian Cultural Council
1987-88 - Aspen Institute, Wye Plantation, re. studies in Balinese culture
1986 - Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX of Yogyakarta, Java, Indonesia
1985 - Ministry of Culture, Indonesia, re. Vancouver World's Fair 1986
1985 - Minister of Communications and Director of Center for Omani Traditional Music, the Sultanate of Oman
1985-96 - International Institute of Comparative Music Studies and Documentation, Berlin
1984-85 - Academy of the Arts and four of its seven Institutes, Cairo
1983 - Central Academy of Music, Beijing, China
1983 - External Examiner of Ph.D. candidate, University of Toronto,
1983 - Advisor on faculty - University of Ibadan
1983 - Ford Foundation re. establishment of archive in Poona, Inda
1982 - Advisor to Dr. Djelantik (son of the late Radja of Bali and sponsor of educational institutions in the arts) re. training program at UMBC for arts faculty of ASTI and ASKI, Bali, Indonesia
1976 - for Brown University President Howard Swearer re. expansion of program in ethnomusicology
1976 - for faculty and administrators of Visual and Performing Arts Program, UMBC
1973-76 - Senior Fulbright-Hays Program, Committee on International Exchange of Persons
1972 - Minister of Education, Minister of Culture, three universities of Malaysia re. establishing three-year curriculum in performing arts, School of Humanities, Sains Malaysia Universiti
1972 - for Brown University President Donald F. Hornig, re. all Music Programs of the University
1971 - Her Imperial Majesty, The Shahbanou, Empress of Iran and the Vice-Chancellor, University of Tehran re. establishing a research center for the performing arts
1971 - External Examiner of candidate for Doctor of Literature, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
1971 - Southwest Regional Laboratories re. audio-visual products designed for schools and universities
1970 - External Examiner of candidate for Ph.D., University of Melbourne
1969 - California Institute for the Arts re. curricular planning and staffing for program in the performing arts
1968 - Asia Society re. selection of Indonesian touring artists
1968 - External Examiner of candidate for Ph.D., Sydney University
1967-68 - East-West Center re. Humanities program
1967-68 - Music Department, University of Hawaii re. graduate program in ethnomusicology
1967-86 - JDR IIIrd Fund (now Asian Arts Council) re. cultural exchange program with Indonesia
1962-74 - External Examiner of M.A., Ph.D. candidates, University of Ghana
1964 - Columbia Pictures re. motion picture Lord Jim, starring Peter O'Toole; screen credit: "Advisor in Oriental Music"
1964-66 - Dean, University of Chile re. program in ethnomusicology, exchange of scholars and students, film project
1964-78 - American Society for Eastern Arts re. school curriculum, visiting artists, programs, special projects
1963 - J. F. Kennedy's Advisors in the Sciences; two-week conference at Yale University on the problems of teaching music in the elementary and secondary schools of the nation
1963 - Universal Motion Picture Studios re. motion picture The Spiral Road, starring Rock Hudson
1958-86 - International Music Council of UNESCO
1957-68 - Asia Foundation (San Francisco office and Indonesian office) re. cultural projects in Indonesia
1957-68 - Asia Society re. Asian cultural programs
Editorial
Founder and Editor-in-Chief, World Music Reports, Center for World Music, West Virginia University, 1996
Editorial Board, Japan Victor Company for American Edition of series of 30 video tapes of music-dance worldwide, 1989–90
Founder and Editor-in-Chief, Progress Reports in Ethnomusicology, SEMPOD Laboratory, UMBC, 1983–1995
Founder and Editor Ha'ilono Mele, monthly publication of The Hawaiian Music Foundation, 1974–76
Member of the Board of Editors and Area Editor for the field of ethnomusicology (editorial responsibility for ca. one and a half million words) for The New Grove
International Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 6th ed., British Macmillan, London, 1980
Founder and Editor-in-Chief, Selected Reports, Institute of Ethnomusicology, UCLA, 1966–74
Consulting Editor for the field of music and dance, African Arts Magazine, African Studies Center, UCLA, 1967–74
Founder and Editor-in-Chief, I.E. Records Series (LP recordings and accompanying books), Institute of Ethnomusicology, UCLA, 1966–74
Reader for various commercial and university publishers, 1960 – the present
Professional Societies
European Seminar in Ethnomusicology
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Society for Ethnomusicology (Past President and other offices)
American Council of Learned Societies (past SEM rep.)
American Musicological Society
International Council for Traditional Music
International Musicological Society
Congresses et al.
Congresses, papers read, public lectures, symposia, seminars, panel discussions, etc. in universities, colleges, governmental bureaus, and public forums in the United States and abroad, 1953 – the present
PRINCIPAL PUBLICATIONS
Books
Mantle Hood, six novels: The Keepers [1998], The Celestial Connection [1999], Just a Stone’s Throw [2000], The Wisdom Knot [200l], From Out of the Blue, Trompin’ the Wraparound [2002].
Books and Articles in Books
Mantle Hood, “Balinese Gamelan Semar Pegulingan: the Modal System,” To the Four Corners, a Festschrift in Honor of Rose Brandel, edited by Ellen C. Leichtman, Michigan: Harmonie Park Press, 1994, 11-23.
- - - - "Voiceprints in Omani Traditional Music," in a festschrift for J. H. Nketia African Musicology.
- - - - Current Trends, Vol. II, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1992, 191-244.
- - - - ditto, co-published as another festscrift by the Sultanate of Oman, Muscat, Oman, 1995.
- - - - Paragon of the Roaring Sea. THE EVOLUTION OF JAVANESE GAMELAN, BOOK III. Wilhelmshaven: Florian Noetzel Verlag, 1988.
- - - - "All Musical Cultures are about Equally Complex." (chapter in) More than Drumming. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1985.
- - - - Legacy of the Roaring Sea. THE EVOLUTION OF JAVANESE GAMELAN, BOOK II. Wilhelmshaven: Heinrichshofen, 1984.
- - - - The Ethnomusicologist. New Edition. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1982; translations complete or in process: Arabic, Chinese, Indonesian, Korean, Polish (1986 -).
- - - - Music of the Roaring Sea. THE EVOLUTION OF JAVANESE GAMELAN, BOOK I. Wilhelmshaven: Heinrichshofen, 1980.
- - - - The Nuclear Theme as a Determinant of Patet in Javanese Music. Deluxe Editions (reprint of dissertation), New York: Da Capo Press, 1977.
- - - - "Slendro and Pelog Redefined" (chapter in) Readings in Ethnomusicology. David P. McAllester, editor; reprint, 2nd ed. New York: Johnson Reprint, 1976.
- - - - The Nuclear Theme as a Determinant of Patet in Javanese Music, (reprint of 1954 dissertation), New York: Da Capo., 1977.
- - - - "The Consensus Makers of Asian Music." (chapter in) Perspectives in Musicology. Editors: Barry S. Brook, Edward O. D. Downes, Sherman Van Solkema. New York: W. W. Norton, 1972.
- - - - "Music of Indonesia." (chapter in) Handbuch der Orientalistik. Leiden: E. J. Brille, 1972.
- - - - The Ethnomusicologist. New York: McGraw-Hill, 197l.
Toch, Ernst. Placed as a Link in this Chain - a Medley of Observations. Selection, organization, and Introduction by Mantle Hood. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 197l.
Hood, Mantle and Hardja Susilo. Music of the Venerable Dark Cloud. Los Angeles: Institute of Ethnomusicology, UCLA, 1967.
McPhee, Colin. Music in Bali. Forward and indices by Mantle Hood. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966.
Harrison, Frank, Mantle Hood, Claud Palisca. Musicology. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1963.
Hood, Mantle. "Indonesia." (chapter in) Asia in the Modern World. Helen G. Mathew, ed. New York: Mentor Books, 1963.
- - - - "The Enduring Traditions." (chapter in) Indonesia. Ruth McVey, ed. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963.
- - - - Institute of Ethnomusicology. Los Angeles: Institute of Ethnomusicology, 196l.
- - - - Javanese Gamelan in the World of Music. (Gamelan Djawa Dilihat Dari Segi Dunia Musik, Trans. H. Susilo) Jogyakarta: Kedaulatan Rakjat, 1958.
Mellema, R. Wayang Puppets, Carving, Coloring, Symbols. Trans. from the Dutch by Mantle Hood. Amsterdam: Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen, 1954.
Hood, Mantle. The Nuclear Theme as a Determinant of Patet in Javanese Music. Groningen: J. B. Wolters, 1954.
Encyclopedias
Mantle Hood, "Composition and Improvisation," Encyclopedia of Communications, University of Pennsylvania, 1987.
- - - - "Southeast Asia." The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 6th ed. London: Macmillan, 1980, 20 vols.
- - - - “Bronze drum.” The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 6th ed. London: Macmillan, 1980, 20 vols.
- - - - "Indonesia." The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 6th ed. London: Macmillan, 1980, 20 vols.
- - - - "Ethnomusicology." Harvard Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969.
- - - - "Pelog." Harvard Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969.
- - - - "Slendro." Harvard Dictionary of Music, 2nd ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1969.
- - - - "Indonesie.” Encyclopedie de la musique. Paris: Fosquelle, 1963.
- - - - "Pelog." Encyclopedie de la musique. Paris: Fosquelle, 1963.
- - - - "Slendro." Encyclopedie de la musique. Paris: Fosquelle, 1963.
- - - - "Music in History, II - The Orient," Home Encyclopedia of Music, Columbia Records, 196l.
- - - - "Balinesische Musik." Riekmann Musiklexikon. Reiburg: Briesgau, 1960.
- - - - "Javanische Musik." Riemann Musiklexikon. Reiburg: Briesgau, 1960.
- - - - "Indonesie." Encyclopedia van de Muziek. Amsterdam: Elseviers, 1958.
- - - - "Pelog." Encyclopedia van de Muziek. Amsterdam: Elseviers, 1958.
- - - - "Slendro." Encyclopedia van de Muziek. Amsterdam: Elseviers, 1958.
Articles
Hood, Mantle, “Ethnomusicology”s Bronze Age in Y2K,” Ethnomusicology, Vo. 44, No. 3, 2000
- - - -, “Ethnomusioclogy’s Bronze Age in Y2K,” World Music Reports, Vol. I, No. 4, 2000
- - - -, “Il Rasa del suono,” Musica/Realta, 53, Luglio, 1997.
- - - -, "The Quantum Theory of Music II," World Music Reports, Vol. I, No.l, Center for World Music, 1996; published in Chinese (China News, 1992); published in Croat, 1992 (see below).
- - - -, “The Quantum Theory of Music (I),” (prepublished and read in ESEM Congress, Berlin, 1990),China News, (published in Chinese), Beijing, 199l; (viz II) in Croat, 1992; Mudra, (in English) Bali, 1996.
- - - -, John Blacking Memorial Lecture, “The Musical River of Change and Innovation,” European Seminar in Ethnomusicology, pub. By Oideion, Internet, 1995.
- - - -, “Angkep-angkepan,” Ndroje balendro, Musiques, terrains et disciplines, Peters, Paris, 1995.
- - - -, “ENTRETIENS: LA VOIE DUR GAMELAN, Entretien avec Ki Mantle Hood,” Cahiers de musiques traditionnelles, 6, 1993.
- - - -, "Gli 'Indescrivibili' della Musica," EM, Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Archivi di Etnomusicologia, Libreria Musicale Italiana, Rome, 1993
- - - -, "The Untalkables of Music," International Workshop SONIC REPRESENTATION AND TRANSFORM, International School for Advanced Studies, Laboratorio Interdisciplinare per le Scienze Naturali ed Umanistiche, Trieste, Italy, in press, 1992.
- - - -, "Teorija kvantuma u glazbi (II)," Arti Musices 23/2, Zagreb, 1992, 157-164.
- - - -, "Polyphonic Stratification in the Music of Southeast Asia," Proceedings, ESEM, 1992.
- - - -, "Universal Aspects of Javanese Musical Improvisation," Premio Internazionale Latina di Studi Musicali, Camp Internazionale di Musica, Latina, Italy, 1990; also in Chinese translation in Chinese News, Central Academy of Music, Beijing, 1991.
- - - -, "Balinese Gamelan Semar Pegulingan, The Modal System," Progress Reports in Ethnomusicology, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1990.
- - - - "Ethnomusicology in the United States," Campus Internazionale di Musica, Latina, Italy; also in Chinese Translation in Chinese News, Central Academy of Music, Beijing, 1990.
- - - - "The Quantum Theory of Music,"European Seminar in Ethnomusicology, VII,International Institute for Comparative Music Studies and Documentation, 1990, 273-
277; also in Chinese translation in Chinese News, Central Academy of Music, Beijing, 1990.
- - - - , Frank L. Vice, and others,"Cervical Auscultation of Suckle Feeding in Newborn Infants," Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 32, 1990, 760-768.
- - - - "L'Arte della composiqione e dell improvvisazion nella dMusica tradizionale Giavanese," Ethnomusicologica, Seminari Internazionali di Ethnomusicologica, 1977–89, XLIII, 91-106.
- - - - "Music from Galileo to Einstein - A Quantum Leap," keynote address, Progress Reports in Ethnomusicology, Vol. II, No. 3., 1989.
- - - - "Music from Galileo to Einstein . . ." Chinese transl., Chinese News, Journal of The Central Academy of Music, Beijing, China, 1989.
- - - - "The 'Ha' of Music," Keynote Address, Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the Academy of the Arts, Cairo; in press, 1989.
- - - - "A Courtly Edict for Javanese Music," Papers of the Third International Conference on Chinese Ethnomusicology, Taipai, Taiwan, 1988, 13-23.
- - - - "Musical Ornamentation as History: the Hawaiian Steel Guitar," Newsletter, Hawaiian Steel Guitar Association, 1988.
- - - - "Indonesia Antica, Musica Nova," Musica e Dossier, Anno II,. Numbero IV, Septembre, 1987, 28-31.
- - - - "Indonesian New Music, " Journal, Accadmia Musicale Chigiana, Siena, Italy (in press), 1987.
- - - - "Javanese Gamelan Sekati, Its Sanctity and Age," Acta Musicologica, Vol. LVII, Fasc. I, 1985. 33-37.
- - - - "The Computer in Ethnomusicology." Marlene Brown and C. Herbert Gilliland, eds. Anapolis: U. S. Naval Academy, 1984. 65-70.
- - - - "Bronze Drum," International Dictonary of Musical Instruments. London: Macmillan, 1984. 3 vols.
- - - - "The Epic Identity and the Arts," keynote address (summary), XXXI International Congress of Human Sciences in Asia and North Africa 1983, the Toho Solskai: Tokyo, 1984. 663-665.
- - - - "Musical Ornamentation as History: the Hawaiian Steel Guitar," Yearbook for Traditional Music, 15:141-48. Biblio., music, 1983.
- - - - "The Bronze Drums of Dongson Culture as Musical Instruments," Proceedings, International Musicological Society, 1982
- - - - "Historical Reconstructions for Oral Traditions of Music," The World of Music, Vol. XXIII, No. 2, 198l.
- - - - "Reminiscent of Charles Seeger," Bulletin, IFMC, 1980.
- - - - "Tribute to Charles Seeger," The World of Music, 1979
- - - - "Universal Attributes of Music," The World of Music, 1977.
- - - - "Improvisation in the Stratified Ensembles of Southeast Asia," Selected Reports, Vol. II, No. 2, 1974.
- - - - "Aspects of Group Improvisation in the Javanese Gamelan," Musics of Asia, National Music Council, Manila, 197l.
- - - - "Epilogue," Musics of Asia, National Music Council, Manila, 197l.
- - - - "Musical Literacy in the 1970's," Journal, College Music Society, Vol. II, Fall, 197l.
- - - - "Effect of Medieval Technology on Musical Style in the Orient," Selected Reports, Vol. I, No. 3, 1970.
- - - - "Music of the Venerable Dark Cloud," Harper's Bazar, January, 1968.
- - - - "Slendro and Pelog Redefined," Selected Reports, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1966.
- - - - "Non-Western Music in Western Education," Education News, Vol. 10 (North Sydney, Australia), 1965.
- - - - "Improvisation as a Discipline in Javanese Music" (reprint), Music Educators Journal, Washington, D.C., 1964.
- - - - "Improvisation as a Discipline in Javanese Music," International Music Education, No. 8, Washington, D.C., 1963.
- - - - "The Quest for Norms in Ethnomusicology," Inter-American Music Bulletin, No. 35, Washington, D.C., 1963.
- - - - "Musical Significance," Ethnomusicology, Anniversary edition, 1963.
- - - - "Javanese Music for American Children," Music Educators Journal, 1962.
- - - - "The Javanese Rebab," Music, Libraries and Instruments, Hinrichsen, 196l.
- - - - "The Reliability of Oral Tradition," Journal, American Musicological Society,1960.
- - - - "The Challenge of 'Bi-musicality',"
Ethnomusicology, 1960; (numerous reprints in readers, 1980's.
- - - - "Music of the Javanese Gamelan," Festival of Oriental Music and the Related Arts, May 8–22, UCLA, 1960.
- - - - "Asian Music on an American Campus," Pan Pipes, 1960.
- - - - "Changing Patterns in the Arts of Java," Bulletin of the Institute of Traditional Cultures, UNESCO, MADRAS, 1959.
- - - - "Wajang Purwa," Catalogue, Los Angeles County Museum, 1959.
- - - - "Asian Music on an American Campus," Asia Society Letter, 1959.
- - - - "Folk Imitations of the Javanese Gamelan," Viltis, 1956.
- - - - "De Componist Roy Harris," Concertgebouw Nieuws, 1953.
- - - - "The First Television Opera," New Outlook, 1952.
- - - - "The Music of Other Peoples," New Outlook, 1952.
- - - - "Back to Pre-Bach," New Outlook, 195l.
- - - - "A New Art Form" (Part I), New Outlook, 195l.
- - - - "Color-Music: a New Art Form" (Part II), New Outlook, 195l.
- - - - "Technique is not Enough," New Outlook, 195l.
- - - - "A 'Sacreligious' Requiem," New Outlook, 195l.
- - - - "A Glance at Gian-Carlo Menotti," New Outlook, 195l.
- - - - "Our Listening Altitude," New Outlook, 195l.
- - - - "The Semantics of Music," New Outlook, 195l.
Documentary Films
Atumpan (see Honors and Awards), 1985.
Tari Topeng Sunda, 10' color-sound, masked dance style of West Java, filmed in Indonesia, 1972. (Also VHS)
The Puppet Play of West Java, 6' color-sound, filmed in Indonesia, 1970. (Also VHS)
The Shadow Play of Bali, 6' color-sound, filmed in Indonesia, 1970. (Also VHS)
Atumpan, the Talking Drums of Ghana, edited for Macmillan, New York, 1969.
Ghanaian Dance Ensemble, filmed on UCLA campus, 1968.
Three for Dance, original music, directed and narrated for Educational Television, Honololo, 1968. (Also VHS)
8,000 feet of 16mm film and sound documention of classes given by and attended by Regents Lecturer, Ravi Shankar, l965. (Edited but not released.)
4,000 feet of 16mm film and sound documentation of teaching methods and solo performance techniques of Indian tabla performed by the virtuoso Alla Rhaka, 1965. (Edited but not released.)
Atumpan, the Talking Drums of Ghana, 42' color-sound documentary-narrative, 16mm, filmed in Ghana,1963-64. (Also VHS)
Recordings
"Marta Budaja," release by Balungan, Lou Harrison, ed., 1993.
"Implosion" (see HONORS AND AWARDS), 1989.
Supervision of editing and engineering "Bali North, LP recording master from field collection of Dr. Ruby Orstein,. 1972.
"Bali South," LP recording issued by the Institute of Ethnomusicology, UCLA, from the field collection of Gertrude Rivers Robinson, 1972.
Three LP's (untitled) from collection of Mantle Hood for the book The Ethnomusicologist (see Books), 197l.
"Africa East and West," materials selected and edited from Mantle Hood collection and others, LP recording narrated by Mantle Hood and released by African Studies Center, UCLA, 1969. (IER 675l)
"Music of the Venerable Dark Cloud," LP recorded by Columbia Masterworks (CBS studios), programmed by Mantle Hood, including supervision of recording, engineering and mastering, released by the Institute of Ethnomusicology, UCLA, 1967. (IER 750l)
"African Music," LP master, supervison of editing, engineering, and programming of examples from field collection of Professor Klaus Wachsmann, 1967.
"Persian Music," LP master, supervision of editing, engineering, and programming of examples from field collection of Professor Hormoz Farhat, 1967.
"Japanese Traditional Music," LP master of Keiji Yagi, studio recording by Mantle Hood, 1967.
"Lord Jim," LP from sound track of Columia motion picture Lord Jim, 1964. (Colpix CP 52l)
"The Exotic Sounds of Bali," LP issued in Columbia Masterworks series (MI 6445, stereo, MI 5845, monaural, 1963), nominated for a Grammy, 1964; reissued on Odyssey, 1963 (No. 32160366); programmed by Mantle Hood, including supervision of engineering and mastering.
Recent Musical Compositions
“Gending Shin,” a bibaran for Javanese gamelan, adopted by the Japanese club as the closing number for all future concerts, World Premier Kyoto, Japan, May 2, 1998.
"Gending Lou" transcribed for Balinese gamelan Semar Pegulingan, 1989, adapted for dance drama, scheduled for two performances in February, 1990.
"Gendhing Ageng Lou" for Javanese gamelan pelog in two continuous movements, commissioned by Lou Harrison, 1988, scheduled for World Premier Aril 10, 1990.
"Selamat Singapadu" for gender wayang quartet, 1988.
"Saratoga Springs" for Balinese gamelan angklung, dedicated to Lou Harrison, in press, Balungan, 1986.
"Marta Budaja" for Javanese gamelan slendro, in three patet; commissioned by the American composer Lou Harrison, 1983; premiered May 8, 1984; two performances at the Saratoga Springs Music festival 1986; performance at Expo '86, Vancouver, B.C.; in press, Balungan, 1986.
"Explosion" for percussion quintet, premiered 1983.
"Implosion" for percussion quartet, premiered 198l, published by Somers, 1982.
"Aloha Is," text and music for Hawaiian anthem, premiered Honolulu International Center, 1976.
"Four Ballads for Tenor Voice, text and music, 1976.
"Sound Partials" for 17 Buddhist gongs, commissioned by Hazel Chung for solo choreography, premiered at Theater Vanguard, Los Angeles, 1974.
"Negotiated Peace" for string quartert premiered at UCLA,1973.
"Sekar Anjar" for Balinese gamelan angklung, commissioned for solo choreography by I Made' Bandem, premiered at Ojai Festival in California, 1972.
"Pandji Kesemaran" for Balinese gamelan angklung, commissioned by I Made' Bandem for choreography for three dancers, premiered at Ojai Festival in California, 1972.
"Time to Mourn" for seven diverse African, Southeast Asian, and East Asia percussion instruments, commissioned by Hazel Chung for choreography for dance company, premiered at Kennedy Theater, East-West Center, Honolulu, 1968.
"Emergence" for eight players, a synthesis of South Asian, Southeast Asian, Polynesian, East Asian, African, and Western musical instruments and concepts (see
Documentary Films, “Three for Dance),” 1968.
"Owari" for 11 performers, a synthesis of African, Asian, and Western musical instruments and concepts, premiered at Kennedy Theater, East-West Center, Honolulu, 1968.
Bi-musicality
Mantle Hood explained ethnomusicology as being the "study of music wherever and whenever." While his teacher Jaap Kunst wrote the two volumes of Music in Java without actually playing any of the music, Hood required that his students learn to play the music they were studying. While Hood was not the first ethnomusicologist to attempt learning to perform the music being studied, he gave the approach a name in his 1960 article on bi-musicality. It has been an important ethnomusicological research tool ever since. The approach enables the researcher to, in some manner, learn about music "from the inside", and thereby experience its technical, conceptual and aestheticAesthetics
Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and taste, and with the creation and appreciation of beauty. It is more scientifically defined as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values, sometimes called judgments of sentiment and taste...
challenges. The student is also able to better connect socially with the community being studied and have better access to the community's ritual
Ritual
A ritual is a set of actions, performed mainly for their symbolic value. It may be prescribed by a religion or by the traditions of a community. The term usually excludes actions which are arbitrarily chosen by the performers....
s and performances.
The inspiration of "bi-musical" was "bi-lingual". Hood applied the term to music the same way a linguist
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....
would when describing someone who spoke two languages. He also strongly proposed that ethnomusicology students should know the spoken language
Language
Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication...
of the musical culture being studied. This led to the breakdown of the steadfast rule of having to have competence in French and German at many ethnomusicology programs. Now Javanese, Spanish
Spanish language
Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...
, Hindi, Portuguese, Navajo, Finnish, Quechua, Korean or any other topic-relevant language can fulfill foreign language requirements.
Quotations
"This emphasis upon music as communication, human understanding, and world peace, not only through musical performance, but also through research, teaching, and other forms of dissemination, is one of the greatest gifts Mantle Hood has given to ethnomusicology."(Encomium for Mantle Hood, Dale Olsen, SEM Newsletter, Vol. 39 No. 3, p. 4, May 2005).