Magelang
Encyclopedia
Magelang is one of the largest cities of the 1,130 km² Magelang Regency
, Central Java
, Indonesia
. It is also the largest town in the Kedu Plain
between Mount Merbabu
and Mount Sumbing
in Central Java
, Indonesia
. Magelang is located 43 km north from Yogyakarta
, and 75 km south of Semarang
, the capital of Central Java.
Magelang has two official residency government, Magelang Resident and Magelang City.
; its eastern border is Elo river. The city is divided into three districts and several subdistricts.
Magelang Utara (North Magelang):
Magelang Tengah (Central Magelang):
Magelang Selatan (South Magelang):
There are three stele
of historical importance in Magelang, namely Poh, Gilikan and Mantyasih, all of which are written on a plate of copper. Poh and Mantyasih were written under the rule of King Balitung
of Mataram Kingdom
. In those stele, the villages of Mantyasih and Glanggang were mentioned. They became Meteseh and Magelang respectively.
In Mantyasih stele, it mentioned the name of King Watukura Dyah Balitung, as well as 829 Çaka bulan Çaitra tanggal 11 Paro-Gelap Paringkelan Tungle, Pasaran Umanis hari Senais Sçara atau Sabtu, which means Saturday
Legi, 11 April 907. The village Mantyasih was made by the king as tax-free village which was led by a patih (similar to Prime Minister
nowadays). Also mentioned are Mount Susundara and Mount Wukir Sumbing which is now known as Mount Sindoro and Mount Sumbing
.
When Britain colonised Magelang in the eighteenth century, Magelang became the seat of the government and was made to the same level as a regency with Mas Ngabehi Danukromo as its first leader (Bupati). Mas Ngabehi Danukromo built Alun-Alun
(town square
), bupati residence and a mosque
. Magelang became the capital of Karesidenan Kedu in 1818.
After the Dutch
defeated the British, Magelang was made the central of economy because its strategic location. The Dutch government built drinking water tower (known locally as Menara Air Minum) in 1918 which provides the city with water. Electricity became available in 1927. The roads were remade using asphalt.
The city has historically been a military post, dating back to the Dutch East Indies
colonial era. It subsequently acted as an army stronghold for Indonesian pro-independence movements against the Dutch
government during the resistance
period. Currently, it is host to two military landmarks: The National Military Academy, and the only military-associated school, Taruna Nusantara
.
After the independence of Indonesia
, Magelang became kotapraja (same level as a district) and then kotamadya (same level as city).
As of February 2010, Magelang has a total population of 118.227. Magelang's population is 58.311 men (49 % from total population) and 59.916 women (51 % from total population).
, a ninth-century Buddhist
monument located about 40 km (24.9 mi) north west of Yogyakarta
. The Canggal Temple, also located in the Magelang regency, has a Sanskrit
transcription bearing the name of the first Mataram Kingdom
ruler, Sanjaya
.
era have become heritage landmarks. The Karesidenan Kedu building, now known as Museum Pangeran Diponegoro, was where Prince Diponegoro
was arrested by the Dutch colonial government during the Java War (1825–1830). The chair on which the Prince sat remains in the museum. A fingernail, believed to be Diponegoro’s, remains on the arm of the chair. A statue in his honour stands in Magelang’s town square.
(Chinatown
). The one-way 1.5 km long road is the centre of business and includes shops, a minimarket, and restaurants. The road, running along a former railroad, is divided with a narrow section reserved for rickshawss.
or town square is located in the city centre. The area has the Matahari and Gardena department stores, Magelang’s only cinema, to the north the Trio Plaza and the BCA tower; in the south a police station, the BPD Bank building, and a Confucian
temple along Jalan Pemuda. In the west, is city’s largest mosque, locally known as Kauman. Within the vicinity of the town square is a 15-metre high watertower, and also a statue of Diponegoro
riding a horse.
Badaan park is located in Jalan Pahlawan (Pahlawan Road) and one of two parks in Magelang. It is smaller compared to Kyai Langgeng and mostly regarded as a children's playground. It includes animal statues, such as elephant and giraffe. Hawkers sell a variety of bakso
(Meat Balls) here.
is located in Magersari, South Magelang and located within the complex of Military Academy (Akmil). Here lies the remains of Syekh Subakir from Iran
.
(UMM)], Tidar University of Magelang (UTM), Bina Patria Computer College of Magelang (STIMIK Bina Patria), Tirtawiayasa Water College (Akademi Tirtawiyasa), and Nurse Academy of Magelang (AKPER Magelang)
Magelang used to have a railway track from Semarang to Yogyakarta passing at its centre (along Jalan Pemuda), but have since been redirected outside the city. Unfortunately, today the railway track does not function again. It was closed by the government due to the operational cost in that time.
Magelang does not have its own airport
and therefore relies on Yogyakarta's Adisutjipto International Airport, Surakarta
's Adisumarmo International Airport
and Semarang
's Achmad Yani International Airport. Then, to reach the airport, especially Adisucipto,from Magelang needs about one hour by bus or car or taxi. But today its easier way to reach Adi Sucipto International Airport in Yogyakarta by using DAMRI special bus that special operated to carry people from Magelang to Adi Sucipto Airport and its way-back.
November 2011: Due to lava flooding from Mount Merapi
through Kali Putih River in Gempol, Magelang, the main road connecting Magelang and Yogyakarta has several times closed. An estimated Rp.64 billion ($7.3 million) project to build bridge over the river, a 2.3 kilometer-long stream dredge and land acquisition is being built by government.
: Hope). It is made of "Hidup", "Aman", "RAPi", "Asri" dan "Nyaman" (in English: living, safe, tidy, green, and comfort)
Magelang Regency
Magelang is a regency in Central Java province in Indonesia. Its capital is Mungkid. Its motto is Magelang Gemilang ....
, Central Java
Central Java
Central Java is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java.This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. It is also the largest town in the Kedu Plain
Kedu Plain
Kedu Plain is the fertile volcanic plain that lies between the volcanoes Mount Sumbing and Mount Sundoro to the west, and Mount Merbabu and Mount Merapi to the east on Central Java, Indonesia. The plain also bordering the Menoreh hills in the southwest and Prambanan Plain in the southeast...
between Mount Merbabu
Mount Merbabu
Mount Merbabu is a dormant stratovolcano in Central Java province on the Indonesian island of Java. The name Merbabu could be loosely translated as 'Mountain of Ash' from the Javanese combined words; Meru means "mountain" and awu or abu means "ash".The active volcano Mount Merapi is directly...
and Mount Sumbing
Mount Sumbing
Mount Sumbing or Gunung Sumbing is an active stratovolcano in Central Java, Indonesia, symmetrical with Sundoro. The only report of historical eruptions is from 1730. It has created a small phreatic crater at the summit....
in Central Java
Central Java
Central Java is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java.This province is the province of high Human Development in Indonesia and its Points Development Index countries is equivalent to Lebanon. The province of Central Java...
, Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. Magelang is located 43 km north from Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (city)
Yogyakarta is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is renowned as a centre of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry, and puppet shows. Yogyakarta was the Indonesian capital during the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to...
, and 75 km south of Semarang
Semarang
- Economy :The western part of the city is home to many industrial parks and factories. The port of Semarang is located on the north coast and it is the main shipping port for the province of Central Java. Many small manufacturers are located in Semarang, producing goods such as textiles,...
, the capital of Central Java.
Magelang has two official residency government, Magelang Resident and Magelang City.
Landscape of Magelang City
Magelang City is a small city which is located in a fertile agricultural area and one of the most densely populated regions on Central Java. Magelang City has two borders. Its western border is Progo RiverProgo River
Progo River is a river in southern central Java, Indonesia. The river passed through two provinces of Indonesia; Central Java and Yogyakarta. The river source is at the slopes of Mount Sundoro, Central Java. The river runs to southeast through Magelang city. The river runs through historical Kedu...
; its eastern border is Elo river. The city is divided into three districts and several subdistricts.
Magelang Utara (North Magelang):
- Kramat Utara
- Kramat Selatan
- Kedungsari
- Wates
- Potrobangsan
Magelang Tengah (Central Magelang):
- Magelang
- Cacaban
- Kemirirejo
- Gelangan
- Panjang
- Rejowinangun Utara
Magelang Selatan (South Magelang):
- Tidar Utara
- Tidar Selatan
- Rejowinangun Selatan
- Magersari
- Jurangombo Utara
- Jurangombo Selatan
History
According to a local act number 6 (1989), Magelang was established on 11 April 907. Magelang was then known as a village called Mantyasih, which is now known as Meteseh.There are three stele
Stele
A stele , also stela , is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected for funerals or commemorative purposes, most usually decorated with the names and titles of the deceased or living — inscribed, carved in relief , or painted onto the slab...
of historical importance in Magelang, namely Poh, Gilikan and Mantyasih, all of which are written on a plate of copper. Poh and Mantyasih were written under the rule of King Balitung
Balitung
Sri Maharaja Rakai Watukura Dyah Balitung Sri Dharmodaya Mahasambu was the king of the Kingdom of Mataram. He reigned circa 899–911. His territories included Central Java, East Java, and Bali.- Origin :...
of Mataram Kingdom
Mataram Kingdom
The Medang or Mataram Kingdom was a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 10th centuries CE. It was based in Central Java, and later in East Java. Established by King Sanjaya, the founder of the Sanjaya dynasty, the kingdom was ruled by the Sailendra and Sanjaya families...
. In those stele, the villages of Mantyasih and Glanggang were mentioned. They became Meteseh and Magelang respectively.
In Mantyasih stele, it mentioned the name of King Watukura Dyah Balitung, as well as 829 Çaka bulan Çaitra tanggal 11 Paro-Gelap Paringkelan Tungle, Pasaran Umanis hari Senais Sçara atau Sabtu, which means Saturday
Saturday
Saturday is the day of the week following Friday and preceding Sunday.Saturday is the last day of the week on many calendars and in conventions that consider the week as beginning on Sunday, or the sixth day of the week according to international standard ISO 8601 which was first published in...
Legi, 11 April 907. The village Mantyasih was made by the king as tax-free village which was led by a patih (similar to Prime Minister
Prime minister
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime...
nowadays). Also mentioned are Mount Susundara and Mount Wukir Sumbing which is now known as Mount Sindoro and Mount Sumbing
Mount Sumbing
Mount Sumbing or Gunung Sumbing is an active stratovolcano in Central Java, Indonesia, symmetrical with Sundoro. The only report of historical eruptions is from 1730. It has created a small phreatic crater at the summit....
.
When Britain colonised Magelang in the eighteenth century, Magelang became the seat of the government and was made to the same level as a regency with Mas Ngabehi Danukromo as its first leader (Bupati). Mas Ngabehi Danukromo built Alun-Alun
Alun-alun
Alun-alun is a Javanese architectural term for the large central open lawn squares common to villages, towns and cities in Indonesia.Commonly, alun-alun in modern-day Indonesia refers only to the two large open squares of kraton...
(town square
Town square
A town square is an open public space commonly found in the heart of a traditional town used for community gatherings. Other names for town square are civic center, city square, urban square, market square, public square, and town green.Most town squares are hardscapes suitable for open markets,...
), bupati residence and a mosque
Mosque
A mosque is a place of worship for followers of Islam. The word is likely to have entered the English language through French , from Portuguese , from Spanish , and from Berber , ultimately originating in — . The Arabic word masjid literally means a place of prostration...
. Magelang became the capital of Karesidenan Kedu in 1818.
After the Dutch
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
defeated the British, Magelang was made the central of economy because its strategic location. The Dutch government built drinking water tower (known locally as Menara Air Minum) in 1918 which provides the city with water. Electricity became available in 1927. The roads were remade using asphalt.
The city has historically been a military post, dating back to the Dutch East Indies
Dutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies was a Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Netherlands government in 1800....
colonial era. It subsequently acted as an army stronghold for Indonesian pro-independence movements against the Dutch
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
government during the resistance
Resistance movement
A resistance movement is a group or collection of individual groups, dedicated to opposing an invader in an occupied country or the government of a sovereign state. It may seek to achieve its objects through either the use of nonviolent resistance or the use of armed force...
period. Currently, it is host to two military landmarks: The National Military Academy, and the only military-associated school, Taruna Nusantara
Taruna Nusantara
Taruna Nusantara is a boarding senior high school located in the town of Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The school gains reputation from its strong emphasis on national values and military-like disciplines, in addition to exceptional academic and leadership achievements...
.
After the independence of Indonesia
Indonesian Declaration of Independence
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was read at 10.00 a.m. on Friday, August 17, 1945. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed-resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands until the latter officially acknowledged...
, Magelang became kotapraja (same level as a district) and then kotamadya (same level as city).
Demography
The composition of demography based on its religion and belief, Magelang people has varied and different belief and religion. Majority of magelang citizen are Muslim, but there are minority group such as Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Confucianism, and also there are also spiritualism and traditional Javanese belief. Therefore, Magelang citizen are plural, although majority of them Muslim. They usually stick together and keep mutual relationship among them. Perhaps, it is a Javanese wisdom which every people to get close and involve to maintain society.As of February 2010, Magelang has a total population of 118.227. Magelang's population is 58.311 men (49 % from total population) and 59.916 women (51 % from total population).
Places of interest
Temples
Magelang is the closest major town to BorobudurBorobudur
Borobudur, or Barabudur, is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist monument near Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The monument comprises six square platforms topped by three circular platforms, and is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues...
, a ninth-century Buddhist
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
monument located about 40 km (24.9 mi) north west of Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (city)
Yogyakarta is a city in the Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. It is renowned as a centre of classical Javanese fine art and culture such as batik, ballet, drama, music, poetry, and puppet shows. Yogyakarta was the Indonesian capital during the Indonesian National Revolution from 1945 to...
. The Canggal Temple, also located in the Magelang regency, has a Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
transcription bearing the name of the first Mataram Kingdom
Mataram Kingdom
The Medang or Mataram Kingdom was a Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 10th centuries CE. It was based in Central Java, and later in East Java. Established by King Sanjaya, the founder of the Sanjaya dynasty, the kingdom was ruled by the Sailendra and Sanjaya families...
ruler, Sanjaya
Sri Sanjaya
King Sri Sanjaya was the founder of Mataram Kingdom and also the Sanjaya Dynasty during the eighth century. His name was revealed in the AD 732 Sanskrit inscription carved in stone found at the foot of Ukir hill on the southern Kedu Plain in Central Java...
.
Museums
A number of the town's buildings from the Dutch East IndiesDutch East Indies
The Dutch East Indies was a Dutch colony that became modern Indonesia following World War II. It was formed from the nationalised colonies of the Dutch East India Company, which came under the administration of the Netherlands government in 1800....
era have become heritage landmarks. The Karesidenan Kedu building, now known as Museum Pangeran Diponegoro, was where Prince Diponegoro
Diponegoro
Diponegoro , also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who opposed the Dutch colonial rule. He played an important role in the Java War...
was arrested by the Dutch colonial government during the Java War (1825–1830). The chair on which the Prince sat remains in the museum. A fingernail, believed to be Diponegoro’s, remains on the arm of the chair. A statue in his honour stands in Magelang’s town square.
Jalan Pemuda
Jalan Pemuda (“Youth Street”) is Magelang's PecinanPecinan
Pecinans are areas in Indonesia that are densely populated by Chinese Indonesians. Until the 1930s the Chinese were kept in certain areas, creating Chinese parts of towns and cities in Java. Pecinan's are similar to the Jewish ghettoes in Europe and means Chinatown in English. One well-known...
(Chinatown
Chinatown
A Chinatown is an ethnic enclave of overseas Chinese people, although it is often generalized to include various Southeast Asian people. Chinatowns exist throughout the world, including East Asia, Southeast Asia, the Americas, Australasia, and Europe. Binondo's Chinatown located in Manila,...
). The one-way 1.5 km long road is the centre of business and includes shops, a minimarket, and restaurants. The road, running along a former railroad, is divided with a narrow section reserved for rickshawss.
Alun-alun (Town Square)
The Alun-alunAlun-alun
Alun-alun is a Javanese architectural term for the large central open lawn squares common to villages, towns and cities in Indonesia.Commonly, alun-alun in modern-day Indonesia refers only to the two large open squares of kraton...
or town square is located in the city centre. The area has the Matahari and Gardena department stores, Magelang’s only cinema, to the north the Trio Plaza and the BCA tower; in the south a police station, the BPD Bank building, and a Confucian
Confucianism
Confucianism is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius . Confucianism originated as an "ethical-sociopolitical teaching" during the Spring and Autumn Period, but later developed metaphysical and cosmological elements in the Han...
temple along Jalan Pemuda. In the west, is city’s largest mosque, locally known as Kauman. Within the vicinity of the town square is a 15-metre high watertower, and also a statue of Diponegoro
Diponegoro
Diponegoro , also known as Dipanegara, was a Javanese prince who opposed the Dutch colonial rule. He played an important role in the Java War...
riding a horse.
Sports
There are a number of sport centers in Magelang City. In 2006, for example, a golf course was opened, well known as Borobudur International Golf and Country Club. Then, The football stadium is known as Abu Bakrin. This stadium is located in Jl. Tidar, which is closed to the golf course. Beside that, Gedung Olah Raga Samapta is one of popular sport centers located in North Magelang district. Nowadays, the area is being developed because of the plan to raise its status to Sport Centre of the Central Java. It is located east of Progo river.Parks
A 28 hectare park, Kyai Langgeng, is located at Cempaka Street approximately one kilometre south of the city centre. Research is undertaken on rare plant species here. The park has a playground for children and their families. The river Progo is accessible from this park.Badaan park is located in Jalan Pahlawan (Pahlawan Road) and one of two parks in Magelang. It is smaller compared to Kyai Langgeng and mostly regarded as a children's playground. It includes animal statues, such as elephant and giraffe. Hawkers sell a variety of bakso
Bakso
Bakso or baso is Indonesian meatball or meat paste made from beef surimi and is similar in texture to the Chinese beef ball, fish ball, or pork ball. Bakso is commonly made from beef with a small quantity of tapioca flour, however bakso can also be made from other ingredients, such as chicken,...
(Meat Balls) here.
Mount Tidar
Mount TidarMount Tidar
Mount Tidar is a small hill in the vicinity of Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. It is located in the south of Magelang, on the beginning of 40 km road to Yogyakarta...
is located in Magersari, South Magelang and located within the complex of Military Academy (Akmil). Here lies the remains of Syekh Subakir from Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
.
Universities
Although Magelang City is a small city, it has a number of universities or academy or colleges. At least, there are six universites located in Magelang City such as Military Academy of Magelang (AKMIL), http://www.ummgl.ac.id/Muhammadiyah University of MagelangMuhammadiyah University of Magelang
Muhammadiyah University of Magelang which is well known as UMM an abbreviation of Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang, is one of private universities belong to Muhammadiyah organisation...
(UMM)], Tidar University of Magelang (UTM), Bina Patria Computer College of Magelang (STIMIK Bina Patria), Tirtawiayasa Water College (Akademi Tirtawiyasa), and Nurse Academy of Magelang (AKPER Magelang)
Transportation
Main transportation which is operating in Magelang are cars, motorcycles, buses, paddy cabs, becak, and bicycles. Today, most popular of them are cars and motorcycles. Even almost household has a motorcycle as mean of mobility in daily activity. Then, for public transportation is mainly using buses and cars.Magelang used to have a railway track from Semarang to Yogyakarta passing at its centre (along Jalan Pemuda), but have since been redirected outside the city. Unfortunately, today the railway track does not function again. It was closed by the government due to the operational cost in that time.
Magelang does not have its own airport
Airport
An airport is a location where aircraft such as fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, and blimps take off and land. Aircraft may be stored or maintained at an airport...
and therefore relies on Yogyakarta's Adisutjipto International Airport, Surakarta
Surakarta
Surakarta, also called Solo or Sala, is a city in Central Java, Indonesia of more than 520,061 people with a population density of 11,811.5 people/km2. The 44 km2 city adjoins Karanganyar Regency and Boyolali Regency to the north, Karanganyar Regency and Sukoharjo Regency to the east and...
's Adisumarmo International Airport
Adisumarmo International Airport
Adi Sumarmo International Airport is an airport in Solo, Central Java, Indonesia. It is located 14 km north of the city. It was the sole international level airport in Southern Central Java, until the upgrading of the Adisucipto International Airport in Yogyakarta and the Achmad Yani International...
and Semarang
Semarang
- Economy :The western part of the city is home to many industrial parks and factories. The port of Semarang is located on the north coast and it is the main shipping port for the province of Central Java. Many small manufacturers are located in Semarang, producing goods such as textiles,...
's Achmad Yani International Airport. Then, to reach the airport, especially Adisucipto,from Magelang needs about one hour by bus or car or taxi. But today its easier way to reach Adi Sucipto International Airport in Yogyakarta by using DAMRI special bus that special operated to carry people from Magelang to Adi Sucipto Airport and its way-back.
November 2011: Due to lava flooding from Mount Merapi
Mount Merapi
Mount Merapi, Gunung Merapi , is an active stratovolcano located on the border between Central Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548...
through Kali Putih River in Gempol, Magelang, the main road connecting Magelang and Yogyakarta has several times closed. An estimated Rp.64 billion ($7.3 million) project to build bridge over the river, a 2.3 kilometer-long stream dredge and land acquisition is being built by government.
Motto
Magelang's motto is HARAPAN (in EnglishEnglish language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
: Hope). It is made of "Hidup", "Aman", "RAPi", "Asri" dan "Nyaman" (in English: living, safe, tidy, green, and comfort)
External links
- Website resmi Pemerintah Kota Magelang/Official Website of the Government of the City of Magelang (in Indonesian)
- Official Website of Muhammadiyah University of Magelang
- Official Website of Military Academy of Magelang
- Collection of Magelang Streetview Photo Gallery
- Collection of Magelang P.O.I. Photo Gallery