List of Russian weaponry makers
Encyclopedia
This list of Russia
n weaponry makers includes the famous weaponry inventors and engineers of the Tsardom of Russia
, Russian Empire
, the Soviet Union
and the Russian Federation.
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n weaponry makers includes the famous weaponry inventors and engineers of the Tsardom of Russia
Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia was the name of the centralized Russian state from Ivan IV's assumption of the title of Tsar in 1547 till Peter the Great's foundation of the Russian Empire in 1721.From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew 35,000 km2 a year...
, Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
, the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
and the Russian Federation.
A
- Nikolay AfanasievNikolay Mikhaylovich AfanasyevNikolay Mikhailovich Afanasyev was a Soviet firearms designer.Afanasiev was born in St. Petersburg, Russia. In 1938 he graduated from a Tekhnikum of the Mechanization of Agriculture...
, developer of TKB-011 2M bullpupBullpupBullpups are firearm configurations in which the action is located behind the trigger group and alongside the shooter's face, so there is no wasted space for the buttstock as in conventional designs. This permits a shorter firearm length for the same barrel length for improved maneuverability, and...
assault rifleAssault rifleAn assault rifle is a selective fire rifle that uses an intermediate cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles are the standard infantry weapons in most modern armies...
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- Andrey ChokhovAndrey ChokhovAndrey Chokhov, also spelled Chekhov was one of the most prominent Russian casters...
, maker of the Tsar CannonTsar CannonThe Tsar Cannon is a huge cannon on display on the grounds of the Moscow Kremlin. It was cast in 1586 in Moscow, by the Russian master bronze caster Andrey Chokhov. Mostly of symbolic impact, it was never fired in war...
, the world's largest bombard by caliber
D
- Vasily Degtyaryov, designer of DegtyaryovDegtyarev plantThe Degtyarev plant is one of the most important weapon-producing enterprises of Russia...
-series firearms, co-developer of Fedorov AvtomatFedorov AvtomatThe Fedorov Avtomat was an early assault rifle designed by Vladimir Grigoryevich Fedorov and produced in Russia in 1916. It was the first practical assault rifle to be adopted, and this concept would later become the basis for the first assault rifle to incorporate a modern layout, the StG 44...
, inventor of self-loading carbineCarbineA carbine , from French carabine, is a longarm similar to but shorter than a rifle or musket. Many carbines are shortened versions of full rifles, firing the same ammunition at a lower velocity due to a shorter barrel length.... - Yevgeny Dragunov, designer of the Dragunov sniper rifle
F
- Ivan FyodorovIvan Fyodorov (printer)Ivan Fyodorov or Fedorovič , was one of the fathers of Eastern Slavonic printing...
, 16th century inventor of multibarreled mortarMortar (weapon)A mortar is an indirect fire weapon that fires explosive projectiles known as bombs at low velocities, short ranges, and high-arcing ballistic trajectories. It is typically muzzle-loading and has a barrel length less than 15 times its caliber....
, introduced printingPrintingPrinting is a process for reproducing text and image, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large-scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing....
to Russia - Vladimir FyodorovVladimir Grigoryevich FyodorovVladimir Grigoryevich Fyodorov was a Russian and Soviet scientist, weapons designer, professor , lieutenant general of a corps of military engineers , founder of the Soviet school of automatic small arms, and a Hero of Socialist Labor .In 1900 Vladimir Fyodorov graduated from Mikhailovskaya...
, inventor of assault rifleAssault rifleAn assault rifle is a selective fire rifle that uses an intermediate cartridge and a detachable magazine. Assault rifles are the standard infantry weapons in most modern armies...
(Fedorov AvtomatFedorov AvtomatThe Fedorov Avtomat was an early assault rifle designed by Vladimir Grigoryevich Fedorov and produced in Russia in 1916. It was the first practical assault rifle to be adopted, and this concept would later become the basis for the first assault rifle to incorporate a modern layout, the StG 44...
)
G
- Leonid GobyatoLeonid GobyatoLeonid Nikolaevich Gobyato was a lieutenant-general in the Imperial Russian Army and designer of the modern, man-portable mortar.-Biography:...
, inventor of modern mortarMortar (weapon)A mortar is an indirect fire weapon that fires explosive projectiles known as bombs at low velocities, short ranges, and high-arcing ballistic trajectories. It is typically muzzle-loading and has a barrel length less than 15 times its caliber.... - Vasiliy GrabinVasiliy GrabinVasiliy Gavrilovich Grabin was a Soviet artillery designer. He led a design bureau at Joseph Stalin Factory No...
, designer of the ZiS-2ZiS-2The ZiS-2 was a Soviet 57-mm anti-tank gun used during World War II. The ZiS-4 was a version of the gun meant to be installed in tanks. ZiS stands for Zavod imeni Stalina , the official title of Artillery Factory No...
anti-tank gun, the best of World War IIWorld War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
and one of the most produced in history
K
- Mikhail KalashnikovMikhail KalashnikovLieutenant General Mikhail Timofeyevich Kalashnikov is a Russian small arms designer, most famous for designing the AK-47 assault rifle, the AKM and the AK-74.-Early life:...
, inventor of AK-47AK-47The AK-47 is a selective-fire, gas-operated 7.62×39mm assault rifle, first developed in the Soviet Union by Mikhail Kalashnikov. It is officially known as Avtomat Kalashnikova . It is also known as a Kalashnikov, an "AK", or in Russian slang, Kalash.Design work on the AK-47 began in the last year...
and AK-74AK-74The AK-74 is an assault rifle developed in the early 1970s in the Soviet Union as the replacement for the earlier AKM...
assault rifles, world's most popular (produced more than all other types of assault rifles combined) - Yuly Khariton, chief designer of the Soviet atomic bomb, co-developer of the Tsar Bomb
- Nikolai KibalchichNikolai KibalchichNikolai Ivanovich Kibalchich was a Russian revolutionary, taking part in the assassination of Tsar Alexander II as the main explosive expert for Narodnaya Volya , and also a rocket pioneer...
, pioneer of rocketry. The International Astronomical UnionIAUIAU may refer to:*International Astronomical Union*International American University*International American University College of Medicine*International Association of Universities*International Association of Ultrarunners...
honoured the rocketry pioneer by naming a crater on the moon Kibal'chichKibal'chich (crater)Kibal'chich is a crater on the Moon's far side. It lies to the northeast of the large walled plain Korolev, and is attached to the southeastern outer rim of the crater Tsander....
. - German Korobov, inventor of the TKB-022PMTKB-022PMTKB-022PM No. 1 , TKB-022PM No. 2 and TKB-022PM5 No. 1 were Soviet bullpup assault rifles, capable of fully automatic fire, chambered for the 7.62 x 39 mm round and the 5.6 x 39 mm round , developed by the small arms designer German A...
and TKB-059TKB-059TKB-059 was a Soviet three-barrel bullpup assault rifle, capable of fully automatic fire, chambered for the 7.62 x 39 mm round and manufactured by the Tula State Arsenal in 1966. It was based on the Pribor ZB assault rifle . Both weapons were developed by the small arms designer G. A...
bullpup assault rifles. - Sergei Korolyov, inventor of the first intercontinental ballistic missileIntercontinental ballistic missileAn intercontinental ballistic missile is a ballistic missile with a long range typically designed for nuclear weapons delivery...
(R-7 SemyorkaR-7 SemyorkaThe R-7 was a Soviet missile developed during the Cold War, and the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. The R-7 made 28 launches between 1957 and 1961, but was never deployed operationally. A derivative, the R-7A, was deployed from 1960 to 1968...
) - Mikhail KoshkinMikhail KoshkinMikhail Ilyich Koshkin was a Soviet tank designer, chief designer of the famous T-34 medium tank. The T-34 was the most effective and most produced tank of World War II. He started out in life as a candy maker, but then studied engineering...
, designer of T-34T-34The T-34 was a Soviet medium tank produced from 1940 to 1958. Although its armour and armament were surpassed by later tanks of the era, it has been often credited as the most effective, efficient and influential design of World War II...
medium tank, the best and most produced tank of World War IIWorld War IIWorld War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
L
- Semyon LavochkinSemyon LavochkinSemyon Alekseyevich Lavochkin , a Soviet aerospace engineer, Soviet aircraft designer who founded the Lavochkin aircraft design bureau. Many of his fighter designs were produced in large numbers for Soviet forces during World War II.-Biography:...
, designer of the LaLavochkinNPO Lavochkin is a Russian aerospace company. It is a major player in the Russian space program, being the developer and manufacturer of the Fregat upper stage, as well as interplanetary probes such as Phobos Grunt...
-series aircraft and the first operational surface-to-air missileSurface-to-air missileA surface-to-air missile or ground-to-air missile is a missile designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft or other missiles...
S-25 Berkut
- Nikolai LebedenkoNikolai LebedenkoNikolay Lebedenko was a Russian military engineer, mostly known as the main developer of the Lebedenko Tank, or the Tsar Tank, which was the largest armored vehicle in history, constructed in 1916–1917. Lebedenko was employed in a private firm, that worked for the Russian War Department, designing...
, designer of the Tsar TankTsar TankThe Tsar Tank , also known as the Netopyr which stands for pipistrellus or Lebedenko Tank , was an unusual Russian armoured vehicle developed by Nikolai Lebedenko , Nikolai Zhukovsky , Boris Stechkin , and Alexander Mikulin...
, the largest armoured vehicle in history
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- Nikolay Makarov, designed the Makarov pistol, the Soviet Union's standard military side armSide armA side arm is a weapon, usually a pistol but can be a dagger, as used in pre-modern times, which is worn on the body in a holster to permit immediate access and use. A side arm is typically required equipment for military personnel and sometimes carried by law enforcement personnel...
from 1951–1991 - Victor MakeevVictor MakeevViktor Petrovich Makeyev was the founder of the Soviet-Russian school of sea missiles production.-Work:Makeyev's work has resulted in three generations of submarine-launched ballistic missiles being used by the Russian Navy.Among these were:...
, inventor of submarine-launched ballistic missileSubmarine-launched ballistic missileA submarine-launched ballistic missile is a ballistic missile capable of delivering a nuclear warhead that can be launched from submarines. Modern variants usually deliver multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles each of which carries a warhead and allows a single launched missile to... - Nestor MakhnoNestor MakhnoNestor Ivanovych Makhno or simply Daddy Makhno was a Ukrainian anarcho-communist guerrilla leader turned army commander who led an independent anarchist army in Ukraine during the Russian Civil War....
, anarchist, legendary inventor of tachankaTachankaThe tachanka was a horse-drawn machine gun platform, usually a cart or an open wagon with a heavy machine gun installed in the back. A tachanka could be pulled by two to four horses and required a crew of two or three... - Alexander MorozovAlexander Alexandrovich MorozovOlexandr Oleksandrovych Morozov was a Soviet engineer and tank designer.A graduate from the Moscow Mechanical Institute, in 1928 Morozov started work at a new design bureau headed by I. Aleksiyenko, at the Kharkiv Locomotive Factory of Kharkiv, Ukraine. Here he contributed to the lacklustre T-12...
, designer of T-54/55 (the most produced tankTankA tank is a tracked, armoured fighting vehicle designed for front-line combat which combines operational mobility, tactical offensive, and defensive capabilities...
in history), co-developer of T-34T-34The T-34 was a Soviet medium tank produced from 1940 to 1958. Although its armour and armament were surpassed by later tanks of the era, it has been often credited as the most effective, efficient and influential design of World War II... - Sergey Mosin, inventor of the Mosin–Nagant rifle, one of the most produced in history
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- Alexander NadiradzeAlexander NadiradzeAlexander Davidovich Nadiradze was a famous Soviet missile engineer. He was the main designer of the first Soviet mobile ICBM RT-21 Temp 2S , intermediate range ballistic missile RSD-10 Pioneer and RT-2PM Topol...
, inventor of mobile ICBM (RT-21 Temp 2SRT-21 Temp 2SThe RT-21 Temp 2S was a mobile intercontinental ballistic missile developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It was assigned the NATO reporting name SS-16 Sinner and carried the industry designation 15Zh42....
) and the first reliable mobile ICBM RT-2PM Topol - Andrey NartovAndrey NartovAndrey Konstantinovich Nartov was a Russian scientist, military engineer, inventor and sculptor. He was a personal craftsman of Peter I of Russia, and later a member of the Russian Academy of Science....
, polymath inventor, designed quick-firing battery and cannonCannonA cannon is any piece of artillery that uses gunpowder or other usually explosive-based propellents to launch a projectile. Cannon vary in caliber, range, mobility, rate of fire, angle of fire, and firepower; different forms of cannon combine and balance these attributes in varying degrees,...
telescopic sightTelescopic sightA telescopic sight, commonly called a scope, is a sighting device that is based on an optical refracting telescope. They are equipped with some form of graphic image pattern mounted in an optically appropriate position in their optical system to give an accurate aiming point...
- Sergey Nepobedimy, designed the first supersonic anti-tank guided missileAnti-tank guided missileAn anti-tank missile , anti-tank guided missile , anti-tank guided weapon or anti-armor guided weapon is a guided missile primarily designed to hit and destroy heavily-armored military vehicles....
Sturm and other Soviet rocket weaponry - Gennadiy NikonovGennadiy NikonovGennadiy Nikolayevich Nikonov was a Russian gun engineer. His most famous accomplishments were probably as the designer of the AN-94 assault rifle, and the "straight-back bolt." Nikonov held 44 Copyright Certificates, and was awarded the titles of "The Best Designer of the Company" and "The Best...
, inventor of the AN-94AN-94The AN-94 is an advanced Russian assault rifle. The initials stand for Avtomat Nikonova Model of 1994....
assault rifle with the "straight-back bolt" scheme
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- Nikolay PopovNikolay PopovNikolay Popov was a Russian engineer; he was chief designer of the T-80 tank, which was first built by the Soviet Union during the 1970s....
, designed the first fully gas turbineGas turbineA gas turbine, also called a combustion turbine, is a type of internal combustion engine. It has an upstream rotating compressor coupled to a downstream turbine, and a combustion chamber in-between....
tank T-80T-80The T-80 is a main battle tank designed and manufactured in the former Soviet Union. A development of the T-64, it entered service in 1976 and was the first production tank to be equipped with a gas turbine engine for main propulsion.the Swedish Stridsvagn 103 of 1971 used a gas turbine alongside... - Aleksandr PorokhovschikovAleksandr PorokhovschikovAleksandr Aleksandrovich Porokhovschikov was Russian military engineer, tank and aircraft inventor, known mostly for the development of Vezdekhod, the first tank in 1914-1915. Vezdekhod means: "He who goes anywhere" or "all-terrain vehicle". Vezdekhod was also the first caterpillar amphibious ATV...
, inventor of VezdekhodVezdekhodThe Vezdekhod was the first true tank to be developed by Imperial Russia. The word Vezdekhod means: "He who goes anywhere" or "all-terrain vehicle". It did not however progress further than a pre-production model, due to problems in the design.-Design:...
(the first prototype continuous track tankTankA tank is a tracked, armoured fighting vehicle designed for front-line combat which combines operational mobility, tactical offensive, and defensive capabilities...
, or tanketteTanketteA tankette is a tracked combat vehicle resembling a small tank roughly the size of a car, mainly intended for light infantry support or reconnaissance. Colloquially it may also simply mean a "small tank"....
, and the first continuous track amphibious ATVAmphibious ATVAn amphibious all-terrain vehicle is a small off-road, and typically six-wheel drive, amphibious vehicle. They were developed in the early 1960s and quickly became popular in both the US and Canada. These vehicles are now used by enthusiasts and professionals worldwide.These vehicles earned...
)
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- Andrei SakharovAndrei SakharovAndrei Dmitrievich Sakharov was a Soviet nuclear physicist, dissident and human rights activist. He earned renown as the designer of the Soviet Union's Third Idea, a codename for Soviet development of thermonuclear weapons. Sakharov was an advocate of civil liberties and civil reforms in the...
, physicist, inventor of explosively pumped flux compression generatorExplosively pumped flux compression generatorAn explosively pumped flux compression generator is a device used to generate a high-power electromagnetic pulse by compressing magnetic flux using high explosive....
, co-developer of the Tsar Bomb, Nobel Peace PrizeNobel Peace PrizeThe Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.-Background:According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who...
winner - Pavel SchillingPavel SchillingBaron Pavel L'vovitch Schilling, also known as Paul Schilling , was a diplomat of Baltic German origin employed in the service of Russia in Germany, and who built a pioneering electrical telegraph...
, inventor of electric mineNaval mineA naval mine is a self-contained explosive device placed in water to destroy surface ships or submarines. Unlike depth charges, mines are deposited and left to wait until they are triggered by the approach of, or contact with, an enemy vessel... - Vyacheslav SilinVyacheslav Ivanovich SilinVyacheslav Ivanovich Silin - designer-gunsmith. Born in Tula career began in 1919 at the Tula Arms Plant. Headed in TsKIB Shooting and Hunting Arms to develop antitank grenade launchers, was directly involved in the creation of the main weapons for the BMP-1 and BMD - 2A28 gun...
, designer of the Silin machine gun - Georgi ShpaginGeorgi ShpaginGeorgy Semyonovich Shpagin was a Russian weapons designer. He is best known as the creator of the famous PPSh-41 submachine gun.-Early life:...
, designer of the PPSh-41PPSh-41The PPSh-41 was a Soviet submachine gun designed by Georgi Shpagin as an inexpensive, simplified alternative to the PPD-40. Intended for use by minimally-trained conscript soldiers, the PPSh was a magazine-fed selective-fire submachine gun using an open-bolt, blowback action...
submachine gunSubmachine gunA submachine gun is an automatic carbine, designed to fire pistol cartridges. It combines the automatic fire of a machine gun with the cartridge of a pistol. The submachine gun was invented during World War I , but the apex of its use was during World War II when millions of the weapon type were... - Boris ShavyrinBoris ShavyrinBoris Ivanovich Shavyrin was a Russian artillery and rocket engineer who developed the first air-augmented rocket, Gnom, or Gnome , as well as many other Soviet mortars and rockets.- References :* at the Great Soviet Encyclopedia *...
, inventor of air-augmented rocketAir-augmented rocketAir-augmented rockets use the supersonic exhaust of some kind of rocket engine to further compress air collected by ram effect during flight to use as additional working mass, leading to greater effective thrust for any given amount of fuel than either the rocket or a ramjet... - Pyotr Shuvalov, founder of IzhevskIzhevskIzhevsk is the capital city of the Udmurt Republic, Russia, situated on the Izh River in the Western Urals. Population: From 1984 to 1987 Izhevsk carried the name Ustinov |Minister of Defense of the USSR]], Marshal of the Soviet Union, Dmitry Ustinov). The city is an important industrial center,...
, inventor of canister shotCanister shotCanister shot is a kind of anti-personnel ammunition used in cannons. It was similar to the naval grapeshot, but fired smaller and more numerous balls, which did not have to punch through the wooden hull of a ship...
mortar, introduced the unicorne mortar - Sergei SimonovSergei Gavrilovich SimonovSergei Gavrilovich Simonov was a Soviet weapons designer; he is one of the fathers of the modern assault rifle....
, designer of the SKSSKSThe SKS is a Soviet semi-automatic rifle chambered for the 7.62x39mm round, designed in 1943 by Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov. SKS-45 is an acronym for Samozaryadnyj Karabin sistemy Simonova, 1945 Simonov system, 1945), or SKS 45. The Sks is a scaled down version of the PTRS-41 anti-tank rifle also...
carabine, and AO-31AO-31The AO-31 was a Soviet fully automatic assault rifle chambered for the 5.45 x 39 mm round, developed in 1965. The weapon is Simonov's adaption of the AK-47 platform as a result of its reliability.-Images:******...
and AG-043AG-043AG-043 was a Soviet compact fully automatic assault rifle chambered for the 5.45 x 39 mm round, developed in 1975 . The weapon is a derivative of the earlier and similar AO-31 which also is Simonov's adaption of the AK-47 platform.-External links:...
assault rifles - Vladimir SimonovVladimir Simonov-Biography:Vladimir Simonov was born in 1935 in Kovrov in the Vladimir Oblast.In 1955 he graduated from the Podolia Industrial Technical Secondary School with specialty in mining equipment....
, inventor of underwater assault rifleAPS Underwater Assault RifleThe APS Underwater Assault Rifle is an AK-47 derivative designed by the Soviet Union in the early 1970s as an underwater firearm. It was adopted in 1975. It is made by the Tula Arms Plant in Russia...
and AO-63 assault rifleAO-63 assault rifleThe AO-63 is a Soviet two-barrel assault rifle, capable of fully automatic fire, chambered for the 5.45 x 39 mm round. It was designed by S. G. Simonov and P. A. Tkachev, and manufactured by TsNIITochMash.... - Alexey Sudayev, designer of the PPS submachine gunPPS submachine gunThe PPS was a family of Soviet submachine guns chambered in 7.62x25mm Tokarev, developed by Alexei Sudayev as a low-cost personal defense weapon for reconnaissance units, vehicle crews and support service personnel.The PPS and its variants were used extensively by the Red...
T
- Peter TkachevPeter Andreevich TkachevPeter Andreevich Tkachev was a Russian weapons engineer for TsNIITochMash. He is known to have worked on and modifiy various weapons such as the AO-38, AO-46, AO-62 and AO-63 assault rifles as well as developing the Balanced Automatics Recoil System used on the AK-107.-Projects:* AO-38* AO-46*...
, inventor of the Balanced Automatic Recoil System and designer of the TsNIITochMash AO-63 assault rifleAO-63 assault rifleThe AO-63 is a Soviet two-barrel assault rifle, capable of fully automatic fire, chambered for the 5.45 x 39 mm round. It was designed by S. G. Simonov and P. A. Tkachev, and manufactured by TsNIITochMash.... - Fedor TokarevFedor TokarevFedor Vasilievich Tokarev was a Russian weapons designer and deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR from 1941 to 1950. Outside the former Soviet Union he is best known as the designer of the Tokarev TT-30 and TT-33 self-loading pistol and the Tokarev SVT-38 and SVT-40 self-loading rifle, both...
, designer of TT-33TT-33The TT-30 is a Russian semi-automatic pistol. It was developed in the early 1930s by Fedor Tokarev as a service pistol for the Soviet military to replace the Nagant M1895 revolver that had been in use since tsarist times, though it never fully replaced the M1895.-Development:In 1930, the...
handgun and SVT-40 self-loading rifle, Soviet weapons used in WWII
U
- Vladimir UtkinVladimir UtkinVladimir Fyodorovich Utkin was a Russian scientist and rocket engineer who developed railcar-launched ICBM RT-23 Molodets and other Soviet rockets. In 1971-1991 Utkin was a head of Yuzhnoye Design Bureau....
, designer of the railcarRailcarA railcar, in British English and Australian English, is a self-propelled railway vehicle designed to transport passengers. The term "railcar" is usually used in reference to a train consisting of a single coach , with a driver's cab at one or both ends. Some railways, e.g., the Great Western...
-launched ICBM (RT-23 MolodetsRT-23 MolodetsThe RT-23 was a Soviet ICBM developed and produced by the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau before 1991. It is cold launched, and comes in silo and railway car based variants...
)
See also
- List of Russian inventors
- Defence industry of Russia