List of Rulers of Schleswig-Holstein
Encyclopedia
The following is a list of rulers, usually dukes, who ruled both Schleswig
and Holstein
, starting from the first Holstein count who received Schleswig, until both provinces were annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia
; and afterwards, titular dukes.
and his mother-regent, Queen Margaret I
, enfeoffed in Nyborg
Gerhard VI, Count of Holstein-Rendsborg and his cognatic successors with the Duchy of Schleswig. He was as Gerhard II duke of Schleswig. Until 1390 the Rendsborg branch united by inheritance all branches except of that of Holstein-Pinneberg. It remaining a separately ruled territory in Holstein until its line was extinct in 1640, when Holstein-Pinneberg was merged into the then Duchy of Holstein. Furthermore, the here mentioned rulers of course only reigned Holstein and Schleswig in their respective territorial composition of the time, thus without states and territories only merged later in what became today's State of Schleswig-Holstein
, such as Saxe-Lauenburg in 1876, Heligoland
(British rule 1807–1891), Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck, Region of Lübeck, together with some Hamburgian exclaves in 1937, some Mecklenburgian municipalities in 1945.
Emperor Frederick III
elevated Christian as Count of Holstein to Duke of Holstein, thus becoming an immediate imperial vassal
(see imperial immediacy).
and Adolf
. In 1544 they partitioned the Duchies of Holstein (a fief of the Holy Roman Empire) and of Schleswig (a Danish fief) in an unusual way, following negotiations between the brothers and the Estates of the Realm
of the duchies, which opposed a factual partition. They determined their youngest brother Frederick, Prince of Denmark for a career as Lutheran administrator of an ecclesiastical state within the Holy Roman Empire.
So the revenues of the duchies were divided in three equal shares by assigning the revenues of particular areas and landed estates to each of the elder brothers, while other general revenues, such as taxes from towns and customs dues, were levied together but then shared among the brothers. The estates, whose revenues were assigned to the parties, made Holstein and Schleswig look like patchwork rags, technically inhibiting the emergence of separate new duchies, as intended by the estates of the duchies. The secular rule in the fiscally divided duchies thus became a condominium
of the parties. As dukes of Holstein and Schleswig the rulers of both houses bore the formal title of "Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Dithmarschen
and Stormarn
".
The dynastic name Holstein-Gottorp comes as convenient usage from the technically more correct Duke of Schleswig and Holstein at Gottorp. Adolf, the third son of Duke and King Frederick I
and the second youngest half-brother of King Christian III
, founded the dynastic branch called House of Holstein-Gottorp
, which is a cadet branch of the then royal Danish House of Oldenburg
. The Danish monarchs and the Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp listed below ruled both duchies together as to general government, however, collected their revenues in their separate estates. John II the Elder conveniently called Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev produced no issue, so no branch emerged from his side.
Similar to the above-mentioned agreement Christian III's youngest son John the Younger gained for him and his heirs a share in Holstein's and Schleswig's revenues in 1564, comprising a third of the royal share, thus a ninth of Holstein and Schleswig as to the fiscal point of view. John the Younger and his heirs, however, had no share in the condominial rule, they were only titular partitioned-off duke
s.
The share of John II the Elder, who died in 1580, was halved between Adolf and Frederick II, thus increasing again the royal share by a fiscal sixth of Holstein and Schleswig. As an effect the complicated fiscal division of both separate duchies, Holstein and Schleswig, with shares of each party scattered in both duchies, provided them with a condominial government binding both together, partially superseding their legally different affiliation as Holy Roman and Danish fiefs.
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Portrait
Reign
Name
1544-1586
1544-1580
Adolf
– with his brothers Christian and John II
John II the Elder
– with Adolf and Christian
1586-1587
Frederick II
1587-1590
Philip
1590-1616
John Adolf
1616-1659
Frederick III
1659-1694
Christian Albert
1694-1702
Frederick IV
1702-1713
Charles Frederick
In 1713 Frederick IV, being as King of Denmark also the liege lord
of Schleswig, deposed Charles Frederick as co-ruling Duke of Schleswig, who, however, remained co-ruling Duke of Holstein as a vassal
of the Holy Roman Empire. Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway continued as the sole Duke of Schleswig.
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Portrait
Reign
Name
1702-1739
Charles Frederick
(unti 1713 also co-ruling in Schleswig)
1739-1762
Charles Peter Ulrich
(later Peter III of Russia
)
1762-1773
Paul (later Paul I of Russia)
In 1773 Paul waived his co-rule in Holstein in return for the prior Danish County of Oldenburg.
as mediatized duke of this duchy/these two duchies, with the rank and all the titles pertaining:
Schleswig
Schleswig or South Jutland is a region covering the area about 60 km north and 70 km south of the border between Germany and Denmark; the territory has been divided between the two countries since 1920, with Northern Schleswig in Denmark and Southern Schleswig in Germany...
and Holstein
Holstein
Holstein is the region between the rivers Elbe and Eider. It is part of Schleswig-Holstein, the northernmost state of Germany....
, starting from the first Holstein count who received Schleswig, until both provinces were annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia
Kingdom of Prussia
The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...
; and afterwards, titular dukes.
Dynasty of Schauenburg
In the course of history the County of Holstein was several times partitioned among the inheriting sons into up to six lines. In 1386 King Oluf II of DenmarkOlav IV of Norway
Olaf II Haakonsson was king of Denmark as Olaf II and king of Norway as Olaf IV . Olaf was son of King Haakon VI of Norway and the grandson of King Magnus IV of Sweden. His mother was Queen Margaret I of Denmark which made him the grandson of King Valdemar IV of Denmark...
and his mother-regent, Queen Margaret I
Margaret I of Denmark
Margaret I was Queen of Denmark, Norway and Sweden and founder of the Kalmar Union, which united the Scandinavian countries for over a century. Although she acted as queen regnant, the laws of contemporary Danish succession denied her formal queenship. Her title in Denmark was derived from her...
, enfeoffed in Nyborg
Nyborg
Nyborg is a city in central Denmark, located in Nyborg Municipality on the island of Funen and with a population of 16,492 . Nyborg is one of the 14 large municipalities created on 1 January 2007...
Gerhard VI, Count of Holstein-Rendsborg and his cognatic successors with the Duchy of Schleswig. He was as Gerhard II duke of Schleswig. Until 1390 the Rendsborg branch united by inheritance all branches except of that of Holstein-Pinneberg. It remaining a separately ruled territory in Holstein until its line was extinct in 1640, when Holstein-Pinneberg was merged into the then Duchy of Holstein. Furthermore, the here mentioned rulers of course only reigned Holstein and Schleswig in their respective territorial composition of the time, thus without states and territories only merged later in what became today's State of Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the sixteen states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig...
, such as Saxe-Lauenburg in 1876, Heligoland
Heligoland
Heligoland is a small German archipelago in the North Sea.Formerly Danish and British possessions, the islands are located in the Heligoland Bight in the south-eastern corner of the North Sea...
(British rule 1807–1891), Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck, Region of Lübeck, together with some Hamburgian exclaves in 1937, some Mecklenburgian municipalities in 1945.
| Portrait | Reign | Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1332-1340 | Gerhard III Gerhard III Gerhard III of Holstein . Sometimes called “Gerhard the Great”. In Denmark also known as “Count Gert” or “den kullede greve” . A German prince who was the ruler of most part of Denmark during the Interregnum 1332–1340.His father was Henry I of Schauenburg and Holstein-Rendsburg... , Count of Holstein-Rendsborg, as Gerhard I also Duke of Jutland |
|
| 1375-1386 | Henrik Jern and Klaus (joint rule) | |
| 1386-1404 | Gerhard VI, Count of Holstein-Rendsborg, as Gerhard II also Duke of Sønderjylland, a Danish fief later called Schleswig after its capital. | |
| 1404-1427 | Henry IV | |
| 1427/40-1459 | Adolf VIII, Count of Holstein as Adolf I Duke of Schleswig | |
House of Oldenburg (1460-1544)
Christian I inherited the Duchy of Schleswig, a Danish fief, and the County of Holstein, a Saxe-Lauenburgian subfief within the Holy Roman Empire, following the death of his maternal uncle Adolf I (and VIII as Count of Holstein). In 1474 Lauenburg's liege lordLiege Lord
Liege Lord was an American speed/power metal band, active in the 1980s and considered to be a pioneer of the genre. It was formed by Matt Vinci, Anthony Truglio and Frank Cortese....
Emperor Frederick III
Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick the Peaceful KG was Duke of Austria as Frederick V from 1424, the successor of Albert II as German King as Frederick IV from 1440, and Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III from 1452...
elevated Christian as Count of Holstein to Duke of Holstein, thus becoming an immediate imperial vassal
Vassal
A vassal or feudatory is a person who has entered into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. The obligations often included military support and mutual protection, in exchange for certain privileges, usually including the grant of land held...
(see imperial immediacy).
| Portrait | Reign | Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1460-1481 | Christian I Christian I of Denmark Christian I was a Danish monarch, king of Denmark , Norway and Sweden , under the Kalmar Union. In Sweden his short tenure as monarch was preceded by regents, Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna and Erik Axelsson Tott and succeeded by regent Kettil Karlsson Vasa... (Christian 1.), elevated to Duke of Holstein by Emperor Frederick III Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor Frederick the Peaceful KG was Duke of Austria as Frederick V from 1424, the successor of Albert II as German King as Frederick IV from 1440, and Holy Roman Emperor as Frederick III from 1452... in 1474 |
|
| 1481-1513 | John I John I of Denmark John, also known as Hans; né Johannes was King of Denmark , Norway and as John II of Sweden in the Kalmar Union, and also Duke of Schleswig and Holstein... (Hans), with Frederick I Frederick I of Denmark Frederick I of Denmark and Norway was the King of Denmark and Norway. The name is also spelled Friedrich in German, Frederik in Danish, and Fredrik in Swedish and Norwegian... since 1482 |
|
 |
1513-1523 | Christian II Christian II of Denmark Christian II was King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden , during the Kalmar Union.-Background:... (Christian 2.), deposed, died 1559; with Frederick I Frederick I of Denmark Frederick I of Denmark and Norway was the King of Denmark and Norway. The name is also spelled Friedrich in German, Frederik in Danish, and Fredrik in Swedish and Norwegian... |
 |
1490-1533 | Frederick I Frederick I of Denmark Frederick I of Denmark and Norway was the King of Denmark and Norway. The name is also spelled Friedrich in German, Frederik in Danish, and Fredrik in Swedish and Norwegian... (Frederik 1.), as administrator 1482–1490, thereafter co-ruling |
 |
1523-1544 | Christian III Christian III of Denmark Christian III reigned as king of Denmark and Norway. He was the eldest son of King Frederick I and Anna of Brandenburg.-Childhood:... (Christian 3.), with his father until 1533 |
The Houses of Oldenburg and of Holstein-Gottorp co-ruling in Holstein and Schleswig
Between 1533 and 1544 Christian III ruled the entire Duchies of Holstein and of Schleswig also in the name of his then still minor half-brothers John II the ElderJohn II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev
John the Elder was the only Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev. The predicate the Elder is sometimes used to distinguish him from his nephew John the Younger, who held Sønderborg from 1564 as a partitioned-off duke...
and Adolf
Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp was the first Duke of Holstein-Gottorp from the line of Holstein-Gottorp of the House of Oldenburg....
. In 1544 they partitioned the Duchies of Holstein (a fief of the Holy Roman Empire) and of Schleswig (a Danish fief) in an unusual way, following negotiations between the brothers and the Estates of the Realm
Estates of the realm
The Estates of the realm were the broad social orders of the hierarchically conceived society, recognized in the Middle Ages and Early Modern period in Christian Europe; they are sometimes distinguished as the three estates: the clergy, the nobility, and commoners, and are often referred to by...
of the duchies, which opposed a factual partition. They determined their youngest brother Frederick, Prince of Denmark for a career as Lutheran administrator of an ecclesiastical state within the Holy Roman Empire.
So the revenues of the duchies were divided in three equal shares by assigning the revenues of particular areas and landed estates to each of the elder brothers, while other general revenues, such as taxes from towns and customs dues, were levied together but then shared among the brothers. The estates, whose revenues were assigned to the parties, made Holstein and Schleswig look like patchwork rags, technically inhibiting the emergence of separate new duchies, as intended by the estates of the duchies. The secular rule in the fiscally divided duchies thus became a condominium
Condominium
A condominium, or condo, is the form of housing tenure and other real property where a specified part of a piece of real estate is individually owned while use of and access to common facilities in the piece such as hallways, heating system, elevators, exterior areas is executed under legal rights...
of the parties. As dukes of Holstein and Schleswig the rulers of both houses bore the formal title of "Duke of Schleswig, Holstein, Dithmarschen
Dithmarschen
Dithmarschen is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by the districts of Nordfriesland, Schleswig-Flensburg, Rendsburg-Eckernförde, and Steinburg, by the state of Lower Saxony , and by the North Sea.-Geography:The district is located on the North Sea...
and Stormarn
Stormarn
Stormarn is a district in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is bounded by the districts of Segeberg and Ostholstein, the city of Lübeck, the district of Lauenburg, and the city-state of Hamburg.-History:...
".
The dynastic name Holstein-Gottorp comes as convenient usage from the technically more correct Duke of Schleswig and Holstein at Gottorp. Adolf, the third son of Duke and King Frederick I
Frederick I of Denmark
Frederick I of Denmark and Norway was the King of Denmark and Norway. The name is also spelled Friedrich in German, Frederik in Danish, and Fredrik in Swedish and Norwegian...
and the second youngest half-brother of King Christian III
Christian III of Denmark
Christian III reigned as king of Denmark and Norway. He was the eldest son of King Frederick I and Anna of Brandenburg.-Childhood:...
, founded the dynastic branch called House of Holstein-Gottorp
House of Holstein-Gottorp
The House of Holstein-Gottorp, a cadet branch of the Oldenburg dynasty, ruled Sweden from 1751 until 1818, and Norway from 1814 to 1818.In 1743 Adolf Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp was elected crown prince of Sweden as a Swedish concession to Russia, a strategy for achieving an acceptable peace...
, which is a cadet branch of the then royal Danish House of Oldenburg
House of Oldenburg
The House of Oldenburg is a North German dynasty and one of Europe's most influential Royal Houses with branches that rule or have ruled in Denmark, Russia, Greece, Norway, Schleswig, Holstein, Oldenburg and Sweden...
. The Danish monarchs and the Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp listed below ruled both duchies together as to general government, however, collected their revenues in their separate estates. John II the Elder conveniently called Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev produced no issue, so no branch emerged from his side.
Similar to the above-mentioned agreement Christian III's youngest son John the Younger gained for him and his heirs a share in Holstein's and Schleswig's revenues in 1564, comprising a third of the royal share, thus a ninth of Holstein and Schleswig as to the fiscal point of view. John the Younger and his heirs, however, had no share in the condominial rule, they were only titular partitioned-off duke
Partitioned-off duke
thumb | upright | John III was the first of the partitioned-off Dukes. After his death his territory was divided into several partitioned off [[microstates]]...
s.
The share of John II the Elder, who died in 1580, was halved between Adolf and Frederick II, thus increasing again the royal share by a fiscal sixth of Holstein and Schleswig. As an effect the complicated fiscal division of both separate duchies, Holstein and Schleswig, with shares of each party scattered in both duchies, provided them with a condominial government binding both together, partially superseding their legally different affiliation as Holy Roman and Danish fiefs.
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| Portrait | Reign | Name |
|---|---|---|
|
1544-1559 | Christian III Christian III of Denmark Christian III reigned as king of Denmark and Norway. He was the eldest son of King Frederick I and Anna of Brandenburg.-Childhood:... - with his brothers Adolf and John II |
 |
1559-1588 |
Frederick II (Frederik 2.) |
 |
1588-1648 | Christian IV Christian IV of Denmark Christian IV was the king of Denmark-Norway from 1588 until his death. With a reign of more than 59 years, he is the longest-reigning monarch of Denmark, and he is frequently remembered as one of the most popular, ambitious and proactive Danish kings, having initiated many reforms and projects... – He acquired Holstein-Pinneberg and merged it with his share of Ducal Holstein in 1640 |
 |
1648-1670 | Frederick III Frederick III of Denmark Frederick III was king of Denmark and Norway from 1648 until his death. He instituted absolute monarchy in Denmark and Norway in 1660, confirmed by law in 1665 as the first in western historiography. He was born the second-eldest son of Christian IV of Denmark and Anne Catherine of Brandenburg... (Frederik 3.) |
 |
1670-1699 | Christian V Christian V of Denmark Christian V , was king of Denmark and Norway from 1670 to 1699, the son of Frederick III of Denmark and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg... (Christian 5.) |
 |
1699-1730 |
Frederick IV Frederick IV of Denmark Frederick IV was the king of Denmark and Norway from 1699 until his death. Frederick was the son of King Christian V of Denmark and Norway and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel .-Foreign affairs:... (Frederik 4.) |
| In 1713 Frederick IV united all of Schleswig/Sønderjylland in one hand. | ||
House of Holstein-Gottorp
>1544-1580
Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp was the first Duke of Holstein-Gottorp from the line of Holstein-Gottorp of the House of Oldenburg....
– with his brothers Christian and John II
John II the Elder
John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev
John the Elder was the only Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev. The predicate the Elder is sometimes used to distinguish him from his nephew John the Younger, who held Sønderborg from 1564 as a partitioned-off duke...
– with Adolf and Christian
John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Johann Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp was a Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.He was a third son of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife Christine of Hesse-Kassel . He became the first Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck and the Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen...
Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Frederick III of Holstein-Gottorp was a Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.He was the elder son of Duke Johann Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp and Augusta of Denmark. His mother was a daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark....
Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Christian Albert was a duke of Holstein-Gottorp and bishop of Lübeck.He was a son of Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, and his wife Princess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony. Christian Albertbecame duke when his father died in the Castle Tönning, besieged by the King Christian V of Denmark...
Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Duke Frederick IV of Holstein-Gottorp was Duke of Schleswig.He was born in Gottorp as the elder son of Duke Christian Albrecht of Holstein-Gottorp and Princess Frederika Amalia of Denmark...
Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Duke Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp was the son of Frederick IV of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife, Hedvig Sophia, daughter of King Charles XI of Sweden...
Liege Lord
Liege Lord was an American speed/power metal band, active in the 1980s and considered to be a pioneer of the genre. It was formed by Matt Vinci, Anthony Truglio and Frank Cortese....
of Schleswig, deposed Charles Frederick as co-ruling Duke of Schleswig, who, however, remained co-ruling Duke of Holstein as a vassal
Vassal
A vassal or feudatory is a person who has entered into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch in the context of the feudal system in medieval Europe. The obligations often included military support and mutual protection, in exchange for certain privileges, usually including the grant of land held...
of the Holy Roman Empire. Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway continued as the sole Duke of Schleswig.
The House of Oldenburg ruling Schleswig and co-ruling Holstein with the House of Gottorp
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| Portrait | Reign | Name |
|---|---|---|
|
1699-1730 | Frederick IV Frederick IV of Denmark Frederick IV was the king of Denmark and Norway from 1699 until his death. Frederick was the son of King Christian V of Denmark and Norway and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel .-Foreign affairs:... (Frederik) (united Schleswig under the Danish crown in 1721. Holstein's partition continued.) |
 |
1730-1746 | Christian VI Christian VI of Denmark Christian VI was King of Denmark and Norway from 1730 to 1746.He was the son of King Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway and Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. He married Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and fathered Frederick V.-The reign and personality of Christian VI:To posterity Christian... |
| 1746-1766 | Frederick V Frederick V of Denmark Frederick V was king of Denmark and Norway from 1746, son of Christian VI of Denmark and Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach.-Early life:... (Frederik V) |
|
| 1766-1808 | Christian VII Christian VII of Denmark Christian VII was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein from 1766 until his death. He was the son of Danish King Frederick V and his first consort Louisa, daughter of King George II of Great Britain.... |
|
| In 1773 Christian VII united entire Holstein and Schleswig in one hand. | ||
House of Holstein-Gottorp
>1702-1739
Charles Frederick
Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Duke Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp was the son of Frederick IV of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife, Hedvig Sophia, daughter of King Charles XI of Sweden...
(unti 1713 also co-ruling in Schleswig)
Peter III of Russia
Peter III was Emperor of Russia for six months in 1762. He was very pro-Prussian, which made him an unpopular leader. He was supposedly assassinated as a result of a conspiracy led by his wife, who succeeded him to the throne as Catherine II.-Early life and character:Peter was born in Kiel, in...
(later Peter III of Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
)
House of Oldenburg (1773-1863)
| Portrait | Reign | Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1766-1808 | Christian VII Christian VII of Denmark Christian VII was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein from 1766 until his death. He was the son of Danish King Frederick V and his first consort Louisa, daughter of King George II of Great Britain.... (Christian 7.) sole ruler in both duchies since 1773 |
|
 |
1808-1839 | Frederick VI Frederick VI of Denmark Frederick VI reigned as King of Denmark , and as king of Norway .-Regent of Denmark:Frederick's parents were King Christian VII and Caroline Matilda of Wales... (Frederik 6.) |
| 1839-1848 | Christian VIII Christian VIII of Denmark Christian VIII , was king of Denmark from 1839 to 1848 and, as Christian Frederick, king of Norway in 1814. He was the eldest son of Hereditary Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway and Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, born in 1786 at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen... (Christian 8.) |
|
| 1848-1863 | Frederick VII Frederick VII of Denmark Frederick VII was a King of Denmark. He reigned from 1848 until his death. He was the last Danish monarch of the older Royal branch of the House of Oldenburg and also the last king of Denmark to rule as an absolute monarch... (Frederik 7.) rivalled by: Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg 1848-51 |
|
House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1863–1865)
| Portrait | Reign | Name |
|---|---|---|
| 1863-1864/65 | Christian IX of Denmark Christian IX of Denmark Christian IX was King of Denmark from 16 November 1863 to 29 January 1906.Growing up as a prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, a junior branch of the House of Oldenburg which had ruled Denmark since 1448, Christian was originally not in the immediate line of succession to the Danish... rivalled by duke Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein Duke Frederick VIII , succeeded nominally as the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein from 1863 while Prussia actually took overlordship and real administrative power.-Life:... |
|
| In 1864, following the Second Schleswig War, the Duchies of Holstein and of Schleswig became an occupied territory of the German Confederation German Confederation The German Confederation was the loose association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries. It acted as a buffer between the powerful states of Austria and Prussia... and two years later, following the Austro-Prussian War Austro-Prussian War The Austro-Prussian War was a war fought in 1866 between the German Confederation under the leadership of the Austrian Empire and its German allies on one side and the Kingdom of Prussia with its German allies and Italy on the... , part of the new Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein Province of Schleswig-Holstein The Province of Schleswig-Holstein was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1868 to 1946. It was created from the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, which had been conquered by Prussia and the Austrian Empire from Denmark in the Second War of Schleswig in 1864... . |
||
Titular dukes
Prussia, the annexing state, recognized the head of the House of OldenburgHouse of Oldenburg
The House of Oldenburg is a North German dynasty and one of Europe's most influential Royal Houses with branches that rule or have ruled in Denmark, Russia, Greece, Norway, Schleswig, Holstein, Oldenburg and Sweden...
as mediatized duke of this duchy/these two duchies, with the rank and all the titles pertaining:
- 1848-69 : Christian, Duke of AugustenborgChristian, Duke of AugustenborgChristian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg , usually simply known by just his first name, Christian, Duke of Augustenborg, was a claimant of the rulership of the provinces of Slesvig and Holstein, and a fiefholder of Augustenborg and Sønderborg...
, rival in 1848, renounced first in 1851, second in 1863 - 1863-80 : Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-HolsteinFrederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-HolsteinDuke Frederick VIII , succeeded nominally as the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein from 1863 while Prussia actually took overlordship and real administrative power.-Life:...
- 1880-1921 : Ernest Gunther, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein
- 1921-31 : Albert, Duke of Schleswig-HolsteinAlbert, Duke of Schleswig-HolsteinPrince Albert, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein was a grandson of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. He was the second son of Victoria's daughter, Princess Helena, by her husband Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein...
- 1931-34 : Friedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-HolsteinFriedrich Ferdinand, Duke of Schleswig-HolsteinFriedrich Ferdinand of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg was the fourth Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg-Family and succession:...
- 1934-65 : Wilhelm Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-HolsteinWilhelm Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-HolsteinWilhelm Friedrich, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, since 1931 of Schleswig-Holstein was the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and Head of the House of Oldenburg from 21 January 1934 until his death on 10 February 1965...
- 1965-80 : Peter, Duke of Schleswig-HolsteinPeter, Duke of Schleswig-HolsteinPeter, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein was the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein and Head of both the House of Glücksburg and the entire House of Oldenburg from 10 February 1965 until his death on 30 September 1980...
- 1980- : Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-HolsteinChristoph, Prince of Schleswig-HolsteinChristoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein has been the head of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and the entire House of Oldenburg since 1980...
(born 1949) - Heir: Friedrich Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-HolsteinFriedrich Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-HolsteinFriedrich Ferdinand, Hereditary Prince of Schleswig-Holstein is the heir apparent of Christoph, Prince of Schleswig-Holstein, current Head of the House of Schleswig-Holstein, the senior extant line of the House of Oldenburg...
(born 1985)
See also
- List of Danish monarchs
- List of dukes of Schleswig
- Counts of Schauenburg and HolsteinCounts of Schauenburg and HolsteinThe Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein were titles of the Holy Roman Empire. The dynastic family came from Schauenburg near Rinteln on the Weser in Germany...