List of dukes of Schleswig
Encyclopedia
The following list is a list of jarls
Earl
An earl is a member of the nobility. The title is Anglo-Saxon, akin to the Scandinavian form jarl, and meant "chieftain", particularly a chieftain set to rule a territory in a king's stead. In Scandinavia, it became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced with duke...

 and duke
Duke
A duke or duchess is a member of the nobility, historically of highest rank below the monarch, and historically controlling a duchy...

s, who ruled over Schleswig
Schleswig
Schleswig or South Jutland is a region covering the area about 60 km north and 70 km south of the border between Germany and Denmark; the territory has been divided between the two countries since 1920, with Northern Schleswig in Denmark and Southern Schleswig in Germany...

 respectively Southern Jutland
Southern Jutland
Southern Jutland is the name for the region south of the Kongeå in Jutland, Denmark. The region north of the Kongeå is called Nørrejylland . Both territories had their own ting assemblies in the Middle Ages . South Jutland is mentioned for the first time in the Knýtlinga saga.In the 13th century...

 (Sønderjylland).

First jarls/dukes

Picture Reign Name
1080-1095 Olaf I
Olaf I of Denmark
Olaf I of Denmark was king of Denmark from 1086 to 1095, following the death of his brother Canute IV the Holy. He was a son of king Sweyn II Estridsson, and the third of Sweyn's sons to rule. He married Ingegard, the daughter of Harald III of Norway, but did not have any children...

, jarl (earl) of Jutland, since 1086 king of Denmark
1095-1120 vacant
1120-1131 Canute Lavard
Canute Lavard
Canute Lavard was a Danish prince. Later he was the first Duke of Schleswig and the first border prince who was both a Danish and a German vassal, a position leafing towards the historical double position of Southern Jutland...

 (Knud Lavard), titled dux Daciae (i.e. Duke of Denmark)
1131-1134 Magnus
1134-ca. 1152 vacant
ca. 1152-1154 Valdemar I the Great
Valdemar I of Denmark
Valdemar I of Denmark , also known as Valdemar the Great, was King of Denmark from 1157 until 1182.-Biography:...

 (Valdemar 1.), titled dux Daciae (i.e. Duke of Denmark), also king of Denmark
ca. 1152-1170 vacant
ca. 1170-1173 Christopher of Jutland (illegitimate son of the precedent), titled dux Iuciae (i.e. Duke of Jutland)
1173-1183 vacant
1183-1216 Valdemar II
Valdemar II of Denmark
Valdemar II , called Valdemar the Victorious or Valdemar the Conqueror , was the King of Denmark from 1202 until his death in 1241. The nickname Sejr is a later invention and was not used during the King's own lifetime...

 (Valdemar 2.), titled dux slesvicensis (i.e. Sleswickian duke), represented by the regent Bishop Valdemar Knudsen
Valdemar of Denmark (bishop)
Valdemar Knudsen was a Danish clergyman and statesman. His mother gave birth to him as the posthumous illegitimate son of Canute V of Denmark...

 (1182–1193), Valdemar II became Danish king in 1202
1209-1216 Valdemar the Young
Valdemar the Young
Valdemar the Young was King of Denmark from 1218 until his death.Valdemar was the eldest son and co-ruler of Valdemar II of Denmark by his first wife, Dagmar of Bohemia. He did not outlive his father so was never a sole monarch. He is sometimes referred to as Valdemar III for example his...

, son of the precedent, minor co-duke, also Danish co-king (1218–1231, d. 1231)
1216-1232 Eric Valdemarsøn
Eric IV of Denmark
Eric IV, also known as Eric Ploughpenny , was king of Denmark from 1241 until his death in 1250. He was the son of King Valdemar II of Denmark by his wife, Infanta Berengária of Portugal, and brother to King Abel and King Christopher I.-Early life:...

, minor duke, also Danish king as Eric IV (1241–1250)

Years as given here according to Esben Albrectsen.

Abelslægten (1232-1326)

Portrait Reign Name
1232-1252 Abel
Abel of Denmark
Abel of Denmark was Duke of Schleswig from 1232 to 1252 and King of Denmark from 1250 until his death in 1252. He was the son of Valdemar II by his second wife, Infanta Berengária of Portugal, and brother to Eric IV and Christopher I....

, king of Denmark (1250–52)
1254-1257 Valdemar III
Valdemar III, Duke of Schleswig
Valdemar III Abelsøn was Duke of Schleswig from 1253 until his death in 1257. He was the eldest son af King Abel of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig and Matilda of Holstein.-Life:...

1260-1272 Eric I
Eric I, Duke of Schleswig
Eric I Abelsøn was Duke of Schleswig from 1260 until his death in 1272. He was the second son of King Abel of Denmark, Duke of Schleswig and Mechtild of Holstein.-Early life:...

1272-1283 vacant
1283-1312 Valdemar IV
Valdemar IV, Duke of Schleswig
Valdemar IV Eriksøn was Duke of Schleswig from 1283 until his death in 1312. He was the eldest son of Duke Eric I of Schleswig and Margaret of Rugia.-Early life:At the death of his father Duke Eric I in 1272, Valdemar was only about 10 years old...

 (Valdemar 4. af Sønderjylland)
1312-1325 Eric II
Eric II, Duke of Schleswig
Eric II Valdemarsøn was Duke of Schleswig from 1312 until his death in 1325. He was the only son of Valdemar IV, Duke of Schleswig.-Early life:...

1325-1326 Valdemar V
Valdemar III of Denmark
Valdemar III of Denmark was a king of Denmark from 1326 to 1329 briefly when underage, as well as in 1325–26 and from 1330 to 1364 Duke of Schleswig as Valdemar V. He was a rival king set up against the unsuccessful Christopher II and was widely opposed by his many subjects. His term was ended...

, as Valdemar III Danish king

House of Schauenburg (1326-1330)

Portrait Reign Name
1326-1330 Gerhard I
Gerhard III
Gerhard III of Holstein . Sometimes called “Gerhard the Great”. In Denmark also known as “Count Gert” or “den kullede greve” . A German prince who was the ruler of most part of Denmark during the Interregnum 1332–1340.His father was Henry I of Schauenburg and Holstein-Rendsburg...

 the Great (Gerhard den kullede greve), as Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsborg

Abelslægten (1330-1375)

Portrait Reign Name
1330-1364 Valdemar V.
Valdemar III of Denmark
Valdemar III of Denmark was a king of Denmark from 1326 to 1329 briefly when underage, as well as in 1325–26 and from 1330 to 1364 Duke of Schleswig as Valdemar V. He was a rival king set up against the unsuccessful Christopher II and was widely opposed by his many subjects. His term was ended...

, as Valdemar III. king of Denmark
1364-1375 Henry

House of Schauenburg (1375-1459)

Portrait Reign Name
1375-1386 Henry the Iron and his brother Nicholas
1386-1404 Gerhard II, Duke of Southern Jutland (Sønderjylland), as Gerhard VI, Count of Holstein-Rendsborg
1404-1427 Henry III, as Henry IV of Holstein-Rendsburg, as duke under tutelage of the Danish crown until 1414, then the crown disputed his claim to dukedom, he was killed in action warring for his claim
1427/40-1459 Adolf I
Adolf VIII of Holstein
Adolf VIII of Holstein , Duke of Southern Jutland , i.e. Slesvig, and Count of Holstein, was the mightiest vassal of the Danish realm.-Background:...

, as Adolf VIII of Holstein-Rendsburg, younger brother of Henry, Denmark denied his claim to dukedom until 1440
1427-1433 Gerhard III, as Gerhard VII co-ruling in Holstein-Rendsburg, younger brother of Adolf, during his lifetime the claim to dukedom remained disputed by the Danish crown

House of Oldenburg (1460-1544)

Portrait Reign Name
1460-1481 Christian I
Christian I of Denmark
Christian I was a Danish monarch, king of Denmark , Norway and Sweden , under the Kalmar Union. In Sweden his short tenure as monarch was preceded by regents, Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna and Erik Axelsson Tott and succeeded by regent Kettil Karlsson Vasa...

 (Christian 1.)
1481-1513 John
John I of Denmark
John, also known as Hans; né Johannes was King of Denmark , Norway and as John II of Sweden in the Kalmar Union, and also Duke of Schleswig and Holstein...

 (Hans), with Frederick I
Frederick I of Denmark
Frederick I of Denmark and Norway was the King of Denmark and Norway. The name is also spelled Friedrich in German, Frederik in Danish, and Fredrik in Swedish and Norwegian...

 since 1482
1513-1523 Christian II
Christian II of Denmark
Christian II was King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden , during the Kalmar Union.-Background:...

 (Christian 2.), deposed, died 1559; with Frederick I
Frederick I of Denmark
Frederick I of Denmark and Norway was the King of Denmark and Norway. The name is also spelled Friedrich in German, Frederik in Danish, and Fredrik in Swedish and Norwegian...

1490-1533 Frederick I
Frederick I of Denmark
Frederick I of Denmark and Norway was the King of Denmark and Norway. The name is also spelled Friedrich in German, Frederik in Danish, and Fredrik in Swedish and Norwegian...

 (Frederik 1.), as administrator 1482–1490, thereafter co-ruling
1523-1544 Christian III
Christian III of Denmark
Christian III reigned as king of Denmark and Norway. He was the eldest son of King Frederick I and Anna of Brandenburg.-Childhood:...

 (Christian 3.), with his father till 1533

Co-ruling dukes of the Houses of Oldenburg and of Holstein-Gottorp

House of Oldenburg

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Portrait Reign Name
1544-1559 Christian III
Christian III of Denmark
Christian III reigned as king of Denmark and Norway. He was the eldest son of King Frederick I and Anna of Brandenburg.-Childhood:...

 - with his brothers Adolf and John


1559-1588


Frederick II (Frederik 2.)

1588-1648

Christian IV
Christian IV of Denmark
Christian IV was the king of Denmark-Norway from 1588 until his death. With a reign of more than 59 years, he is the longest-reigning monarch of Denmark, and he is frequently remembered as one of the most popular, ambitious and proactive Danish kings, having initiated many reforms and projects...

 (Christian 4.)
1648-1670 Frederick III
Frederick III of Denmark
Frederick III was king of Denmark and Norway from 1648 until his death. He instituted absolute monarchy in Denmark and Norway in 1660, confirmed by law in 1665 as the first in western historiography. He was born the second-eldest son of Christian IV of Denmark and Anne Catherine of Brandenburg...

 (Frederik 3.)
1670-1699 Christian V
Christian V of Denmark
Christian V , was king of Denmark and Norway from 1670 to 1699, the son of Frederick III of Denmark and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg...

 (Christian 5.)


1699-1730


Frederick IV
Frederick IV of Denmark
Frederick IV was the king of Denmark and Norway from 1699 until his death. Frederick was the son of King Christian V of Denmark and Norway and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel .-Foreign affairs:...

 (Frederik 4.)
In 1713 Frederick IV united all of Schleswig/Sønderjylland in one hand.
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House of Holstein-Gottorp

> Portrait Reign Name
1544-1586
1544-1580 Adolf
Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp was the first Duke of Holstein-Gottorp from the line of Holstein-Gottorp of the House of Oldenburg....

 – with his brothers Christian and
John the Elder
John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev
John the Elder was the only Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev. The predicate the Elder is sometimes used to distinguish him from his nephew John the Younger, who held Sønderborg from 1564 as a partitioned-off duke...

 (dk, de) – with Adolf and Christian 1586-1587 Frederick II 1587-1590 Philip
1590-1616 John Adolf
John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Johann Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp was a Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.He was a third son of Duke Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife Christine of Hesse-Kassel . He became the first Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck and the Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen...

1616-1659 Frederick III
Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Frederick III of Holstein-Gottorp was a Duke of Holstein-Gottorp.He was the elder son of Duke Johann Adolf of Holstein-Gottorp and Augusta of Denmark. His mother was a daughter of King Frederick II of Denmark....

1659-1694 Christian Albert
Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Christian Albert was a duke of Holstein-Gottorp and bishop of Lübeck.He was a son of Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, and his wife Princess Marie Elisabeth of Saxony. Christian Albertbecame duke when his father died in the Castle Tönning, besieged by the King Christian V of Denmark...

1694-1702 Frederick IV
Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Duke Frederick IV of Holstein-Gottorp was Duke of Schleswig.He was born in Gottorp as the elder son of Duke Christian Albrecht of Holstein-Gottorp and Princess Frederika Amalia of Denmark...

1702-1713 Charles Frederick
Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp
Duke Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp was the son of Frederick IV of Holstein-Gottorp and his wife, Hedvig Sophia, daughter of King Charles XI of Sweden...

In 1713 Frederick IV, being as King of Denmark also the liege lord
Liege Lord
Liege Lord was an American speed/power metal band, active in the 1980s and considered to be a pioneer of the genre. It was formed by Matt Vinci, Anthony Truglio and Frank Cortese....

 of Schleswig, deposed Charles Frederick as co-ruling Duke of Schleswig. Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway continued as the sole Duke of Schleswig.

House of Oldenburg (1713-1863)

Portrait Reign Name
1699-1730 Frederick IV
Frederick IV of Denmark
Frederick IV was the king of Denmark and Norway from 1699 until his death. Frederick was the son of King Christian V of Denmark and Norway and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel .-Foreign affairs:...

 (Frederik 4.)
1730-1746 Christian VI
Christian VI of Denmark
Christian VI was King of Denmark and Norway from 1730 to 1746.He was the son of King Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway and Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. He married Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and fathered Frederick V.-The reign and personality of Christian VI:To posterity Christian...

 (Christian 6.)
1746-1766 Frederick V
Frederick V of Denmark
Frederick V was king of Denmark and Norway from 1746, son of Christian VI of Denmark and Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach.-Early life:...

 (Frederik 5.)
1766-1808 Christian VII
Christian VII of Denmark
Christian VII was King of Denmark and Norway and Duke of Schleswig and Holstein from 1766 until his death. He was the son of Danish King Frederick V and his first consort Louisa, daughter of King George II of Great Britain....

 (Christian 7.)
1808-1839 Frederick VI
Frederick VI of Denmark
Frederick VI reigned as King of Denmark , and as king of Norway .-Regent of Denmark:Frederick's parents were King Christian VII and Caroline Matilda of Wales...

 (Frederik 6.)
1839-1848 Christian VIII
Christian VIII of Denmark
Christian VIII , was king of Denmark from 1839 to 1848 and, as Christian Frederick, king of Norway in 1814. He was the eldest son of Hereditary Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway and Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, born in 1786 at Christiansborg Palace in Copenhagen...

 (Christian 8.)
1848-1863 Frederick VII
Frederick VII of Denmark
Frederick VII was a King of Denmark. He reigned from 1848 until his death. He was the last Danish monarch of the older Royal branch of the House of Oldenburg and also the last king of Denmark to rule as an absolute monarch...

 (Frederik 7.)

House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1863–1865)

Portrait Reign Name
1863-1864/65 Christian IX of Denmark
Christian IX of Denmark
Christian IX was King of Denmark from 16 November 1863 to 29 January 1906.Growing up as a prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, a junior branch of the House of Oldenburg which had ruled Denmark since 1448, Christian was originally not in the immediate line of succession to the Danish...


rivalled by duke Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein
Frederick VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein
Duke Frederick VIII , succeeded nominally as the Duke of Schleswig-Holstein from 1863 while Prussia actually took overlordship and real administrative power.-Life:...

In 1864, following the Second Schleswig War, the Duchy of Schleswig became an occupied territory of the German Confederation
German Confederation
The German Confederation was the loose association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries. It acted as a buffer between the powerful states of Austria and Prussia...

 and two years later, following the Austro-Prussian War
Austro-Prussian War
The Austro-Prussian War was a war fought in 1866 between the German Confederation under the leadership of the Austrian Empire and its German allies on one side and the Kingdom of Prussia with its German allies and Italy on the...

, part of the new Prussian Province of Schleswig-Holstein
Province of Schleswig-Holstein
The Province of Schleswig-Holstein was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1868 to 1946. It was created from the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, which had been conquered by Prussia and the Austrian Empire from Denmark in the Second War of Schleswig in 1864...

.
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