Lansoprazole
Encyclopedia
Lansoprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) which prevents the stomach
from producing gastric acid
. It is manufactured by a number of companies worldwide under several brand names (some brand names include: Prevacid, Helicid, Zoton, Inhibitol, Monolitum). It was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1995.
Prevacid patent protection expired on November 10, 2009. As a result, prescription Lansoprazole is now available in the form of a generic drug
. , Lansoprazole is available over-the-counter (OTC) in the U.S. in a 15 mg dose marketed by Novartis
as Prevacid 24HR.
Lansoprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) in the same pharmacologic class as omeprazole
. Lansoprazole has been marketed for many years and is one of several PPIs available. Lansoprazole is a racemate [1:1-mixture of the enantiomer
s dexlansoprazole
(Kapidex) and levolansoprazole]. Dexlanprantazole is an enantiomerically pure active ingredient of a commercial drug as a result of the 'enantiomeric shift'.
Lansoprazole's plasma elimination half-life is not proportional to the duration of the drug's effects to the person (i.e. gastric acid suppression). The mean plasma elimination half-life is 1.5 hours, and the effects of the drug last for over 24 hours after it has been used for 1 day or more. Lansoprazole, 30 mg administered nasogastrically, effectively controls intragastric pH and is an alternative to i.v. pantoprazole in patients who are unable to swallow solid dosage formulations.
Using Prevacid for Treating H. Pylori Infections
Treatment to kill Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) involves using two other drugs besides Prevacid. This treatment is known as "triple therapy." Triple therapy to kill H. pylori involves taking Prevacid 30 mg twice a day, plus amoxicillin 1,000 mg (twice daily) and clarithromycin 500 mg (twice daily). All three medications are taken for 10 or 14 days.
Proton-pump inhibitors may be associated with a greater risk of hip fractures, Clostridium difficile
-associated diarrhea. Patients are frequently administered the drugs in intensive care as a protective measure against ulcers, but this use is also associated with a 30% increase in occurrence of pneumonia.
The drug is sold under several brand names, including:
Lansoprazole is also available as a generic drug
in the US, UK, Canada, Belgium, Finland, France, Colombia, Italy, Sweden, and Mexico.
Stomach
The stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated part of the alimentary canal which functions as an important organ of the digestive tract in some animals, including vertebrates, echinoderms, insects , and molluscs. It is involved in the second phase of digestion, following mastication .The stomach is...
from producing gastric acid
Gastric acid
Gastric acid is a digestive fluid, formed in the stomach. It has a pH of 1 to 2 and is composed of hydrochloric acid , and large quantities of potassium chloride and sodium chloride...
. It is manufactured by a number of companies worldwide under several brand names (some brand names include: Prevacid, Helicid, Zoton, Inhibitol, Monolitum). It was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1995.
Prevacid patent protection expired on November 10, 2009. As a result, prescription Lansoprazole is now available in the form of a generic drug
Generic drug
A generic drug is a drug defined as "a drug product that is comparable to brand/reference listed drug product in dosage form, strength, route of administration, quality and performance characteristics, and intended use." It has also been defined as a term referring to any drug marketed under its...
. , Lansoprazole is available over-the-counter (OTC) in the U.S. in a 15 mg dose marketed by Novartis
Novartis
Novartis International AG is a multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland, ranking number three in sales among the world-wide industry...
as Prevacid 24HR.
Lansoprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) in the same pharmacologic class as omeprazole
Omeprazole
Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used in the treatment of dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease , gastroesophageal reflux disease , laryngopharyngeal reflux and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome...
. Lansoprazole has been marketed for many years and is one of several PPIs available. Lansoprazole is a racemate [1:1-mixture of the enantiomer
Enantiomer
In chemistry, an enantiomer is one of two stereoisomers that are mirror images of each other that are non-superposable , much as one's left and right hands are the same except for opposite orientation. It can be clearly understood if you try to place your hands one over the other without...
s dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole
Dexlansoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that is marketed by Takeda Pharmaceuticals. Chemically, it is an enantiomer of lansoprazole. The compound was launched in the US for use in the treatment and maintenance of patients with erosive oesophagitis and non-erosive gastro-oesophageal reflux disease...
(Kapidex) and levolansoprazole]. Dexlanprantazole is an enantiomerically pure active ingredient of a commercial drug as a result of the 'enantiomeric shift'.
Lansoprazole's plasma elimination half-life is not proportional to the duration of the drug's effects to the person (i.e. gastric acid suppression). The mean plasma elimination half-life is 1.5 hours, and the effects of the drug last for over 24 hours after it has been used for 1 day or more. Lansoprazole, 30 mg administered nasogastrically, effectively controls intragastric pH and is an alternative to i.v. pantoprazole in patients who are unable to swallow solid dosage formulations.
Indications
Lansoprazole is indicated for:- Treatment of ulcersPeptic ulcerA peptic ulcer, also known as PUD or peptic ulcer disease, is the most common ulcer of an area of the gastrointestinal tract that is usually acidic and thus extremely painful. It is defined as mucosal erosions equal to or greater than 0.5 cm...
of the stomach and duodenumDuodenumThe duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum...
, and NSAID-induced ulcers - Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux diseaseGastroesophageal reflux diseaseGastroesophageal reflux disease , gastro-oesophageal reflux disease , gastric reflux disease, or acid reflux disease is chronic symptoms or mucosal damage caused by stomach acid coming up from the stomach into the esophagus...
(GERD) (also known as acid reflux disease) - Treatment of Zollinger-Ellison SyndromeZollinger-Ellison syndromeZollinger–Ellison syndrome is a triad of gastric acid hypersecretion, severe peptic ulceration, and non-beta cell islet tumor of pancreas . In this syndrome increased levels of the hormone gastrin are produced, causing the stomach to produce excess hydrochloric acid. Often the cause is a tumor of...
- Adjunctive treatment of Helicobacter pyloriHelicobacter pyloriHelicobacter pylori , previously named Campylobacter pyloridis, is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium found in the stomach. It was identified in 1982 by Barry Marshall and Robin Warren, who found that it was present in patients with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers, conditions that were...
infection, alongside antibiotics
Drug interactions
- PPIs reduce absorption of antifungalsAntifungal drugAn antifungal medication is a medication used to treat fungal infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis , serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others...
(itraconazoleItraconazoleItraconazole , invented in 1984, is a triazole antifungal agent that is prescribed to patients with fungal infections. The drug may be given orally or intravenously.-Medical uses:...
and ketoconazoleKetoconazoleKetoconazole is a synthetic antifungal drug used to prevent and treat fungal skin infections, especially in immunocompromised patients such as those with AIDS or those on chemotherapy. Ketoconazole is sold commercially as an anti-dandruff shampoo, topical cream, and oral tablet.Ketoconazole is...
) and possibly increase DigoxinDigoxinDigoxin INN , also known as digitalis, is a purified cardiac glycoside and extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata. Its corresponding aglycone is digoxigenin, and its acetyl derivative is acetyldigoxin...
in plasma - Increases plasma concentrations of Cilostazol (risk of toxicity)
- Absorption of lansoprazole possibly reduced by:
- sucralfateSucralfateSucralfate is a cytoprotective agent, an oral gastrointestinal medication primarily indicated for the treatment of active duodenal ulcers. Brand names include Sucramal in Italy; Carafate in U.S.A.; Pepsigard, Sucral, Sucrafil, Hapifate in India; Sutra or Musin in parts of South-East Asia; Sulcrate...
- ampicillinAmpicillinAmpicillin is a beta-lactam antibiotic that has been used extensively to treat bacterial infections since 1961. Until the introduction of ampicillin by the British company Beecham, penicillin therapies had only been effective against Gram-positive organisms such as staphylococci and streptococci...
- bisacodylBisacodylBisacodyl is a stimulant laxative drug that works directly on the large colon to produce a bowel movement. It is typically prescribed for relief of constipation and for the management of neurogenic bowel dysfunction as well as part of bowel preparation before medical examinations, such as for a...
- delavirdineDelavirdineDelavirdine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor marketed by ViiV Healthcare. It is used as part of highly active antiretroviral therapy for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. It is presented as the mesylate...
- fluvoxamineFluvoxamineFluvoxamine is an antidepressant which functions as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor . Fluvoxamine was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1993 for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder . Fluvoxamine CR is approved to treat social anxiety disorder...
- iron salts
- voriconazoleVoriconazoleVoriconazole is a triazole antifungal medication that is generally used to treat serious, invasive fungal infections. These are generally seen in patients who are immunocompromised, and include invasive candidiasis, invasive aspergillosis, and certain emerging fungal infections.-Invasive...
- aminophyllineAminophyllineAminophylline is a bronchodilator. It is a compound of the bronchodilator theophylline with ethylenediamine in 2:1 ratio. The ethylenediamine improves solubility, and the aminophylline is usually found as a dihydrate-Properties:...
and theophyllineTheophyllineTheophylline, also known as dimethylxanthine, is a methylxanthine drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases such as COPD and asthma under a variety of brand names. Because of its numerous side-effects, the drug is now rarely administered for clinical use. As a member of the xanthine family, it... - astemizoleAstemizoleAstemizole was a second generation antihistamine drug which has a long duration of action. Astemizole was discovered by Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1977...
- sucralfate
Using Prevacid for Treating H. Pylori Infections
Treatment to kill Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) involves using two other drugs besides Prevacid. This treatment is known as "triple therapy." Triple therapy to kill H. pylori involves taking Prevacid 30 mg twice a day, plus amoxicillin 1,000 mg (twice daily) and clarithromycin 500 mg (twice daily). All three medications are taken for 10 or 14 days.
Side effects
- Infrequent: dry mouth, insomniaInsomniaInsomnia is most often defined by an individual's report of sleeping difficulties. While the term is sometimes used in sleep literature to describe a disorder demonstrated by polysomnographic evidence of disturbed sleep, insomnia is often defined as a positive response to either of two questions:...
, drowsiness, blurred visionVisual perceptionVisual perception is the ability to interpret information and surroundings from the effects of visible light reaching the eye. The resulting perception is also known as eyesight, sight, or vision...
, rashRashA rash is a change of the skin which affects its color, appearance or texture. A rash may be localized in one part of the body, or affect all the skin. Rashes may cause the skin to change color, itch, become warm, bumpy, chapped, dry, cracked or blistered, swell and may be painful. The causes, and...
, pruritus - Rarely and very rarely: tasteTasteTaste is one of the traditional five senses. It refers to the ability to detect the flavor of substances such as food, certain minerals, and poisons, etc....
disturbance, liverLiverThe liver is a vital organ present in vertebrates and some other animals. It has a wide range of functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion...
dysfunction, peripheral oedema, hypersensitivity reactions (including bronchospasmBronchospasmBronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins...
, urinary, angioedemaAngioedemaAngioedema or Quincke's edema is the rapid swelling of the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa and submucosal tissues. It is very similar to urticaria, but urticaria, commonly known as hives, occurs in the upper dermis...
, anaphylaxisAnaphylaxisAnaphylaxis is defined as "a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death". It typically results in a number of symptoms including throat swelling, an itchy rash, and low blood pressure...
), photosensitivityPhotosensitivityPhotosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons, especially visible light.- Human medicine :Sensitivity of the skin to a light source can take various forms. People with particular skin types are more sensitive to sunburn...
, feverFeverFever is a common medical sign characterized by an elevation of temperature above the normal range of due to an increase in the body temperature regulatory set-point. This increase in set-point triggers increased muscle tone and shivering.As a person's temperature increases, there is, in...
, sweatingSweatingPerspiration is the production of a fluid consisting primarily of water as well as various dissolved solids , that is excreted by the sweat glands in the skin of mammals...
, depressionClinical depressionMajor depressive disorder is a mental disorder characterized by an all-encompassing low mood accompanied by low self-esteem, and by loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities...
, interstitial nephritisInterstitial nephritisInterstitial nephritis is a form of nephritis affecting the interstitium of the kidneys surrounding the tubules...
, blood disorders (including leukopeniaLeukopeniaLeukopenia is a decrease in the number of white blood cells found in the blood, which places individuals at increased risk of infection....
, leukocytosisLeukocytosisLeukocytosis is a raised white blood cell count above the normal range in the blood. It is frequently a sign of an inflammatory response, most commonly the result of infection, and is observed in certain parasitic infections...
, pancytopeniaPancytopeniaPancytopenia is a medical condition in which there is a reduction in the number of red and white blood cells, as well as platelets.If only two parameters from the full blood count are low, the term bicytopenia can be used...
, thrombocytopeniaThrombocytopeniaThrombocytopenia is a relative decrease of platelets in blood.A normal human platelet count ranges from 150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter of blood. These limits are determined by the 2.5th lower and upper percentile, so values outside this range do not necessarily indicate disease...
), arthralgiaArthralgiaArthralgia literally means joint pain; it is a symptom of injury, infection, illnesses or an allergic reaction to medication....
, myalgiaMyalgiaMyalgia means "muscle pain" and is a symptom of many diseases and disorders. The most common causes are the overuse or over-stretching of a muscle or group of muscles. Myalgia without a traumatic history is often due to viral infections...
, skin reactions including (erythrodermaErythrodermaErythroderma is an inflammatory skin disease with erythema and scaling that affects nearly the entire cutaneous surface....
Stevens–Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysisToxic epidermal necrolysisToxic epidermal necrolysis is a rare, life-threatening dermatological condition that is usually induced by a reaction to medications...
, bullous eruptionBlisterA blister is a small pocket of fluid within the upper layers of the skin, typically caused by forceful rubbing , burning, freezing, chemical exposure or infection. Most blisters are filled with a clear fluid called serum or plasma...
) - Severe: Gastro-intestinal disturbances (such as nauseaNauseaNausea , is a sensation of unease and discomfort in the upper stomach with an involuntary urge to vomit. It often, but not always, precedes vomiting...
1.3%, abdominal painAbdominal painAbdominal pain can be one of the symptoms associated with transient disorders or serious disease. Making a definitive diagnosis of the cause of abdominal pain can be difficult, because many diseases can result in this symptom. Abdominal pain is a common problem...
2.1%, diarrheaDiarrheaDiarrhea , also spelled diarrhoea, is the condition of having three or more loose or liquid bowel movements per day. It is a common cause of death in developing countries and the second most common cause of infant deaths worldwide. The loss of fluids through diarrhea can cause dehydration and...
3.8%).
Proton-pump inhibitors may be associated with a greater risk of hip fractures, Clostridium difficile
Clostridium difficile
Clostridium difficile , also known as "CDF/cdf", or "C...
-associated diarrhea. Patients are frequently administered the drugs in intensive care as a protective measure against ulcers, but this use is also associated with a 30% increase in occurrence of pneumonia.
Brand names
- Agopton (Germany)
- Digest (Indonesia)
- Duogast (Syria)
- Gastrolan (Indonesia)
- Lanciprol (Greece)
- Lansazol (Jordan)
- Lansobene (Austria)
- Lansoloc (South Africa)
- Lansoprazol (Denmark)
- Lansoptol (Hungary)
- Lansor (Turkey)
- Lansox (Italy)
- Lanston LFDT (South Korea)
- Lenzo (India)
- Lanzol (India)
- Lanzotec (Jordan)
- Lanzul (Slovenia)
- Lanton (Israel)
- Lanzo (Sweden)
- Lanzor (France, South Africa)
- Lanzostad (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia)
- Laprazol (Greece)
- Limpidex (Italy)
- Monolitum (Spain)
- Ogast and OgastORO (France)
- Ogastro (Mexico)
- Prevacid (U.S. and Canada)
- Prosogan and Prosogan FD (Indonesia)
- pro-ulco (Spain)
- Refluxon (Hungary)
- Sabax (Serbia)
- SOLOX (New Zealand)
- Takepron (Japan)
- Zolt (Finland)
- Zoton (Italy, Ireland, Australia, UK)
- ZOMEL (Ireland)
Lansoprazole is also available as a generic drug
Generic drug
A generic drug is a drug defined as "a drug product that is comparable to brand/reference listed drug product in dosage form, strength, route of administration, quality and performance characteristics, and intended use." It has also been defined as a term referring to any drug marketed under its...
in the US, UK, Canada, Belgium, Finland, France, Colombia, Italy, Sweden, and Mexico.
External links
- Prevacid official website Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America
- Prevacid 24HR official website Novartis Consumer Health
- Prevpac official website Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America
- U.S. National Library of Medicine: Drug Information Portal - Lansoprazole