Jastrzebie Zdrój
Encyclopedia
Jastrzębie-Zdrój AUD is a city in south Poland
with 92,462 inhabitants (31.12.2010). Its name comes from the Polish words jastrząb ("hawk
") and zdrój ("spa" or "spring"). Until the 20th century it was a spa
village situated in Upper Silesia
. It was granted city rights
in 1963. Jastrzębie-Zdrój is currently situated in the Silesian Voivodeship
(since 1999), previously in Katowice Voivodeship
(1975–1998). In the early 1980s, the city was one of main centers of workers' protests, which resulted in creation of Solidarity (see: Jastrzebie-Zdroj 1980 strikes
).
and is connected with the legend of the black knight
. Between 1858-1860, trial excavations of hard coal were performed all over the area of Jastrzębie Dolne. These excavations ended up discovering springs containing iodine and bromine
brine solutions. In 1860, the count of Königsdorff acquired the lands and suggested the construction of bath facilities. Thus, in 1862, the health resort of Bad Königsdorff-Jastrzemb was brought into life. Shortly after, the town joined the exclusive circle of the most prestigious health resorts in Europe
.
In 1895, the natural health centre was taken over by a Polish doctor
, Mikołaj Witczak, who lent great service to the development of health-resort in Jastrzębie-Zdrój. His managerial skills together with wise investment made Jastrzębie-Zdrój a highly appreciated and fashionable health resort. Consequently, numerous health facilities were then set up.
The history of Jastrzębie-Zdrój as a health resort came to its end in the 1960s, when all over the area began the intensive exploitation of coking coal deposits. Within a period of 12 years, 5 coal mines were set up. During the time of political transformation in Poland
, Jastrzębie-Zdrój went down the annals of Polish modern history as the place where the so-called "the Jastrzębskie Agreement" was concluded. The signing of the protocol initiated the process of political, economic and social changes in Poland.
is 1 049.3 per km² (as of December 31, 2009). Jastrzębie-Zdrój ranks as Poland
's 36th largest city. Jastrzębie-Zdrój's unemployment
is lower (7%) than the national average of 8.8% (as of November 2010).
s that have its own administrative body. Most of the districts are suburban, some are densely built with many blocks of flats generating huge housing estates, and the rest are of civic nature.
Catholicism
Protestantism
Restorationism
Other clubs
with: Havířov
in Czech Republic
(since 01.03.1995) Ibbenbüren
in Germany
(since 14.12.2007) Karviná
in Czech Republic
(since 06.03.1995) Mahmutlar
in Turkey
(since 15.04.2011) Prievidza
in Slovakia
(since 15.05.2009) Tourcoing
in France
(since 12.04.2007)
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
with 92,462 inhabitants (31.12.2010). Its name comes from the Polish words jastrząb ("hawk
Hawk
The term hawk can be used in several ways:* In strict usage in Australia and Africa, to mean any of the species in the subfamily Accipitrinae, which comprises the genera Accipiter, Micronisus, Melierax, Urotriorchis and Megatriorchis. The large and widespread Accipiter genus includes goshawks,...
") and zdrój ("spa" or "spring"). Until the 20th century it was a spa
Spa town
A spa town is a town situated around a mineral spa . Patrons resorted to spas to "take the waters" for their purported health benefits. The word comes from the Belgian town Spa. In continental Europe a spa was known as a ville d'eau...
village situated in Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia
Upper Silesia is the southeastern part of the historical and geographical region of Silesia. Since the 9th century, Upper Silesia has been part of Greater Moravia, the Duchy of Bohemia, the Piast Kingdom of Poland, again of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown and the Holy Roman Empire, as well as of...
. It was granted city rights
Town privileges
Town privileges or city rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium.Judicially, a town was distinguished from the surrounding land by means of a charter from the ruling monarch that defined its privileges and laws. Common privileges were related to trading...
in 1963. Jastrzębie-Zdrój is currently situated in the Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship
Silesian Voivodeship, or Silesia Province , is a voivodeship, or province, in southern Poland, centering on the historic region known as Upper Silesia...
(since 1999), previously in Katowice Voivodeship
Katowice Voivodeship
Katowice Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in the years 1975–1998, superseded by the Silesian Voivodeship...
(1975–1998). In the early 1980s, the city was one of main centers of workers' protests, which resulted in creation of Solidarity (see: Jastrzebie-Zdroj 1980 strikes
Jastrzebie-Zdrój 1980 strikes
The Jastrzębie-Zdrój 1980 strikes were widespread strikes, which took place mostly in the Upper Silesian mining city of Jastrzębie-Zdrój and its surroundings, in late August and early September of 1980. They forced the Government of People's Republic of Poland to sign the last of three agreements...
).
History
The first written documentation, relating to this area, date back to 1270. Administratively, the Town is made up of several old settlements, whose origins go back to the distant past. The original name of the town was Jastrzemb. The name's origin, means hawk in Polish languagePolish language
Polish is a language of the Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages, used throughout Poland and by Polish minorities in other countries...
and is connected with the legend of the black knight
Knight
A knight was a member of a class of lower nobility in the High Middle Ages.By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior....
. Between 1858-1860, trial excavations of hard coal were performed all over the area of Jastrzębie Dolne. These excavations ended up discovering springs containing iodine and bromine
Bromine
Bromine ") is a chemical element with the symbol Br, an atomic number of 35, and an atomic mass of 79.904. It is in the halogen element group. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825–1826...
brine solutions. In 1860, the count of Königsdorff acquired the lands and suggested the construction of bath facilities. Thus, in 1862, the health resort of Bad Königsdorff-Jastrzemb was brought into life. Shortly after, the town joined the exclusive circle of the most prestigious health resorts in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
.
In 1895, the natural health centre was taken over by a Polish doctor
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
, Mikołaj Witczak, who lent great service to the development of health-resort in Jastrzębie-Zdrój. His managerial skills together with wise investment made Jastrzębie-Zdrój a highly appreciated and fashionable health resort. Consequently, numerous health facilities were then set up.
The history of Jastrzębie-Zdrój as a health resort came to its end in the 1960s, when all over the area began the intensive exploitation of coking coal deposits. Within a period of 12 years, 5 coal mines were set up. During the time of political transformation in Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, Jastrzębie-Zdrój went down the annals of Polish modern history as the place where the so-called "the Jastrzębskie Agreement" was concluded. The signing of the protocol initiated the process of political, economic and social changes in Poland.
Population and location
The city itself has 94,072 inhabitants; its densityPopulation density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
is 1 049.3 per km² (as of December 31, 2009). Jastrzębie-Zdrój ranks as Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
's 36th largest city. Jastrzębie-Zdrój's unemployment
Unemployment
Unemployment , as defined by the International Labour Organization, occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively sought work within the past four weeks...
is lower (7%) than the national average of 8.8% (as of November 2010).
Discrits
Jastrzębie-Zdrój is a powiat (county) divided into 15 districtDistrict
Districts are a type of administrative division, in some countries managed by a local government. They vary greatly in size, spanning entire regions or counties, several municipalities, or subdivisions of municipalities.-Austria:...
s that have its own administrative body. Most of the districts are suburban, some are densely built with many blocks of flats generating huge housing estates, and the rest are of civic nature.
- Arki Bożka (6632 inhabitants)
- Barbary (10 185 inhabitants)
- Bogoczowiec (1672 inhabitants)
- Chrobrego (5042 inhabitants)
- Gwarków (8126 inhabitants)
- Jastrzębie Górne i Dolne (4369 inhabitants)
- Morcinka (4534 inhabitants)
- Pionierów (11 210 inhabitants)
- Przyjaźń (4718 inhabitants)
- Staszica (6079 inhabitants)
- Tuwima
- Tysiąclecia (3242 inhabitants)
- Zdrój (7682 inhabitants)
- Złote łany (1118 inhabitants)
- Zofiówka (3473 inhabitants)
Famous people from Jastrzębie-Zdrój
- Henryk Sławik
- Michał Chałbiński
- Kamil GlikKamil GlikKamil Jacek Glik is a Polish footballer who plays as a central defender for Torino, in a co-ownership deal with Palermo.- Club career :...
- Dariusz Kłus
- Łukasz PielorzŁukasz PielorzŁukasz Pielorz is a Polish footballer who currently plays for Górnik Łęczna.-External links:...
- Magdalena Lewy-BouletMagdalena Lewy-BouletMagdalena Lewy-Boulet is an American runner from Oakland, California. Born in Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Poland, Lewy-Boulet became a U.S. citizen on September 11, 2001. Lewy Boulet finished second at the 2008 U.S. Olympic Team Trials - Women's Marathon, held on April 20, 2008, in Boston, Massachusetts, in...
- Marcin RadzewiczMarcin RadzewiczMarcin Radzewicz is a Polish footballer who plays for Arka Gdynia.-External links:...
- Marcin SobczakMarcin SobczakMarcin Sobczak is a Polish footballer currently playing for Zakynthos F.C. in Greek Third League.- External links :*...
- Bart Kargol
Religion
BranhamismBranhamism
Branhamism refers to the distinctive doctrines of William M. Branham , an American faith healer and preacher of the mid-twentieth century. The term is generally disliked by adherents, who typically refer to themselves as "Message Believers" or simply "Christians", and to Branham's teachings as The...
- Gospel of Grace ChurchGospel of Grace ChurchThe Gospel of Grace Church also known as Grace Evangelical Church is an independent Chinese Christian church founded in Shandong by Xi Sheng-Mo in 1881. In 1906, Yu Zong-Zhou established this church in Shanghai. These were some of the earliest indigenous churches established by local Chinese...
Catholicism
Catholicism
Catholicism is a broad term for the body of the Catholic faith, its theologies and doctrines, its liturgical, ethical, spiritual, and behavioral characteristics, as well as a religious people as a whole....
- Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic ChurchThe Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
Protestantism
Protestantism
Protestantism is one of the three major groupings within Christianity. It is a movement that began in Germany in the early 16th century as a reaction against medieval Roman Catholic doctrines and practices, especially in regards to salvation, justification, and ecclesiology.The doctrines of the...
- Evangelical Christian Church
- Evangelical-Lutheran Church
- Free Christian ChurchFree ChristianThe term Free Christian refers specifically to individual members and whole congregations within the General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches....
- Pentecostal ChurchPentecostal Church in PolandThe Pentecostal Church in Poland is a Pentecostal Christian denomination in Poland. With 21,700 adherents and 211 congregations, it is the second largest Protestant church in Poland after the Evangelical-Augsburg Church...
- Seventh-day Adventist ChurchSeventh-day Adventist ChurchThe Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Protestant Christian denomination distinguished by its observance of Saturday, the original seventh day of the Judeo-Christian week, as the Sabbath, and by its emphasis on the imminent second coming of Jesus Christ...
Restorationism
Restorationism
Christian primitivism, also called restorationism, is the belief that a purer form of Christianity should be restored using the early church as a model...
- Jehovah's WitnessesJehovah's WitnessesJehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The religion reports worldwide membership of over 7 million adherents involved in evangelism, convention attendance of over 12 million, and annual...
Sports
The most famous clubs- GKS JastrzębieGKS JastrzebieGKS Jastrzębie-Zdrój is a football club based in Jastrzębie-Zdrój, Poland. Currently they play in Division 4 . In season 1988/89 they played in top-flight.- Current squad :Accurate as of March 4, 2011...
- Polish professional football club (1st league) - Jastrzębski Węgiel - men's volleyballVolleyball in PolandVolleyball in Poland is a popular team sport. It is the second most popular sport after football. The Men's national team is ranked 5th and the Women's team is ranked 9th in the FIVB World Rankings...
team Polish Champion 2004 in Polish Volleyball LeaguePolish Volleyball LeagueThe Polish Volleyball League , is the highest level of men's volleyball in Poland, a professional league competition for volleyball clubs located in this country. It is overseen by Profesjonalna Liga Piłki Siatkowej S.A. . It is currently a 10 team league that plays a 18 game schedule from... - JKH GKS Jastrzębie - Polish professional ice hockey club, Polish Hockey SuperleaguePolska Liga HokejowaThe Polish Hockey Superleague is the premier ice hockey league in Poland.-Teams 2010-11 season:*Aksam Unia Oswiecim*Akuna Naprzod Janow*Ciarko KH Sanok*Comarch Cracovia*GKS Tychy*JKH GKS Jastrzebie...
Other clubs
- BKS Jastrzębie - boxingBoxingBoxing, also called pugilism, is a combat sport in which two people fight each other using their fists. Boxing is supervised by a referee over a series of between one to three minute intervals called rounds...
- UKH Białe Jastrzębie - women's ice hockeyIce hockeyIce hockey, often referred to as hockey, is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into their opponent's net. The game is played between two teams of six players each. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take...
- LKS Granica Ruptawa - football
- LKS Zryw Bzie - football
- LKS Hadex Szeroka - football
- Koka Jastrzębie - judoJudois a modern martial art and combat sport created in Japan in 1882 by Jigoro Kano. Its most prominent feature is its competitive element, where the object is to either throw or takedown one's opponent to the ground, immobilize or otherwise subdue one's opponent with a grappling maneuver, or force an...
- UKS Romi Jastrzębie - women's handballTeam handballHandball is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each pass a ball to throw it into the goal of the other team...
Twin towns — sister cities
Jastrzębie-Zdrój is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with: Havířov
Havírov
Havířov is a city in the Karviná District, Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic. It has 82,768 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the region. It is the largest town in the country without a university...
in Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
(since 01.03.1995) Ibbenbüren
Ibbenbüren
Ibbenbüren or Ibbenbueren is a medium-sized town in the district of Steinfurt, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is on position 185 of the largest cities in Germany and the largest city in Tecklenburger Land.-Geography:...
in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
(since 14.12.2007) Karviná
Karviná
Karviná is a city in Moravian-Silesian Region of the Czech Republic, on the Olza River. It is administrative center of Karviná District. Karviná lies in the historical region of Cieszyn Silesia and is one of the most important coal mining centers in the Czech Republic. Together with neighboring...
in Czech Republic
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic is a landlocked country in Central Europe. The country is bordered by Poland to the northeast, Slovakia to the east, Austria to the south, and Germany to the west and northwest....
(since 06.03.1995) Mahmutlar
Mahmutlar
Mahmutlar is a town in the turkish province Antalya, 10 km east of Alanya. Population: 15.000 in the Winter, 60.000 in the Summer. The town has been transformed by the building of holiday homes and apartments for European tourists. Roads and services have been improved to cater for the...
in Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
(since 15.04.2011) Prievidza
Prievidza
Prievidza is a city in the central-western Slovakia. With 51,200 inhabitants it is one of the biggest municipalities in the Trenčín Region.-Features:...
in Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
(since 15.05.2009) Tourcoing
Tourcoing
Tourcoing is a city in northern France. It is designated municipally as a commune within the département of Nord.Tourcoing is situated near the cities of Lille and Roubaix and the Belgian border.-Main sights:...
in France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
(since 12.04.2007)