Hashim ibn Abd Manaf
Encyclopedia
Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf was the great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad
and the progenitor of the Banu Hashim
clan of the distinguished Quraish tribe in Mecca
.
His name was 'Amr al-ʻUlā but he was given the nickname Hashim which translates as pulverizer in Arabic - because he initiated the practice of providing crumbled bread
in broth
for the pilgrim
s to the Ka'aba
in Mecca
.
born with Hashim's leg attached to his twin brother's head. It was said that they had struggled in the womb seeking to be firstborn. Their birth was remembered for Hashim being born with one of his toes pressed into the younger twin brother’s forehead. Legend says that their father, 'Abd Manaf ibn Qusai
, separated his conjoined sons with a sword and that some priests believed that the blood that had flown between them signified wars between their progeny (confrontations did occur between Banu al'Abbas and Banu Ummaya ibn 'Abd Shams
in the year 750 AH).
died his father Abd Manaf and his uncle 'Abd ad-Dar
apparently quarreled, and the effects of this conflict continued among their descendants and affected the internal Makkah right up to Muhammad's time. 'Abd ad-Dar was supported by their cousins Makhzum, Sahm, Jumah, their uncle Adi and their families. Abd Manaf contested his inheritance and was supported by their nephew Asad, their uncle Zuhrah ibn Kilab
, their father's uncle Taym ibn Murrah, and al-Harith ibn Fihr.
Neither side wanted a full scale conflict and a compromise was achieved whereby The Confederates retained normal privileges in control of the charity tax and the food and drink for pilgrims, where as real power resided with the Scented Ones who had the keys to the Ka'aba and the running of the House of Assembly. Therefore the sons of 'Abd Manaf should have the rights of levying the tax and providing for the pilgrims with food and drink, whereas the sons of Abd ad-Dar should retain the keys of the Ka'aba and their rights, and that their house should continue to be the House of Assembly. Hashim's brothers agreed that he should have the responsibility of providing for the pilgrims. Their descendants in the clans named after them tended to keep this old alliance.
to his clan. Those who supported Hashim and his brothers were the descendants of Zuhrah
and Taym ibn Murrah, and all Qusai's descendants except those of the eldest line. The descendants of Makhzum and of the other remoter cousins maintained that the rights should remain in the family of Abd ad-Dar.
Hashim was accepted as the overall leader, with the responsibility of providing for the pilgrims in the Ka’aba precincts, with the support of his brothers 'Abd Shams
and Muttalib
, and his half-brother Nawfal
. The only person who challenged Hashim’s authority was Umayyah, the son of his brother 'Abd Shams, but he had no real support and shifted to live out his life in Syria. Makkah became the acknowledged capital of Arabia, and markets were established around the city to deal with all the business.
and Egypt
that passed through Arabia. Trading was the most important means of livelihood for the inhabitants of Mecca, a barren ‘valley without cultivation’.
He initiated and established the two great trade caravan journeys of Quraish from Mecca, the Caravan of Winter to Yemen
and the Caravan of Summer to north-west Arabia, and beyond it to Palestine
and Syria, which was then Byzantine
rule as part of the Roman Empire
. After obtaining privileges from the Ghassanid
king of Syria, even went in person to Byzantium
and procured an edict from the Byzantine
Roman Caesar, exempting Quraish from duties or taxes when operating in the countries under his domain. Caesar also wrote to the King Negus
of Abyssinia
to admit the Quraish there for trade, and Hashim’s brother 'Abd Shams had a special permit with him. Muttalib had his treaty with the Himyarites of Yemen, and their half-brother Nawfal with the Persian governments of Iraq and lran.
He commenced by going in person to Aden
in Yemen to meet the ships coming from India
, purchased the stock and transported it first to Mecca and then on to Syria, Gaza
or Egypt. There he bought up goods of local manufacture and brought them back to Mecca, mainly selling them at the various Arab markets and fairs. Thus, the Quraish engaged in trade in Yemen, Syria and Ankara
which allowed them to flourish economically. The Quraysh were so respected and popular that they felt no fears for their caravans being robbed or harmed along the way, and the various tribes did not even attempt to charge them the usual heavy transit taxes they demanded from other caravans
He was generous to a fault, and it was his practical compassion in one year of drought that earned him his famous nickname of "Hashim", ‘the Crusher’. This was not for crushing or oppressing anyone, but because when the people were starving and emaciated he provided food at his own expense for the entire population of Mecca, personally fetching an immense stock of flour from Syria by camel-caravan, then slaughtering the camels and crushing the bread and meat to provide a soup-kitchen for his people. His descendants are still proudly called Hashemite
s to this day.
.
. Hashim had two full brothers, the elder was 'Abd Shams and younger was Muttalib
who would succeed him, and half-brother Nawfal
whose mother was Waqida bint Amr.
He at least five wives, four sons, and six daughters. His first three wives were his mother Hubbah's niece Qaylah (or Hind) bint Amr ibn Malik of the Banu Khuza'a
, Halah (Hind) bint Amr ibn Thalabah al-Khazrajiyah, and a woman from the Banu Quda'a
, the people of Qusai's stepfather who had been so supportive of his cause. For his fourth wife he married one of his father’s widow, Waqida bint Amr (Abu Adiy) al-Maziniyyah, the mother of his half-brother Nawfal. His fifth wife was Salma bint Amr
, a woman from Yathrib who was one of the most influential women of the Banu Khazraj
tribe and the daughter of 'Amr of Banu Najjar
clan.
By Qaylah he had a son Asad
(Ali
's maternal grandfather). By Halah he had the son Abu Saifi, and daughter Hayyah (or Hannah). By Waqida he had the daughters Khalidah and Da'ifa. By the Quda’a woman he had the son Nadla (or Nadh) and daughter Ash-Shifa. By Salma he had Shaiba
(more commonly known as ʻAbd al-Muṭṭalib), the paternal grandfather of Muhammad
, and a daughter Ruqayyah. There was another son Sayfayyah, and another daughter Jannah.
Muhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
and the progenitor of the Banu Hashim
Banu Hashim
Banū Hāshim was a clan in the Quraysh tribe. Muhammad, was a member of this clan; his great-grandfather was Hashim, for whom the clan is named. Members of this clan are referred to by the Anglicised version of their name as Hashemites, or Huseini or Hasani...
clan of the distinguished Quraish tribe in Mecca
Mecca
Mecca is a city in the Hijaz and the capital of Makkah province in Saudi Arabia. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level...
.
His name was 'Amr al-ʻUlā but he was given the nickname Hashim which translates as pulverizer in Arabic - because he initiated the practice of providing crumbled bread
Bread
Bread is a staple food prepared by cooking a dough of flour and water and often additional ingredients. Doughs are usually baked, but in some cuisines breads are steamed , fried , or baked on an unoiled frying pan . It may be leavened or unleavened...
in broth
Broth
Broth is a liquid food preparation, typically consisting of either water or an already flavored stock, in which bones, meat, fish, cereal grains, or vegetables have been simmered. Broth is used as a basis for other edible liquids such as soup, gravy, or sauce. It can be eaten alone or with garnish...
for the pilgrim
Pilgrim
A pilgrim is a traveler who is on a journey to a holy place. Typically, this is a physical journeying to some place of special significance to the adherent of a particular religious belief system...
s to the Ka'aba
Kaaba
The Kaaba is a cuboid-shaped building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the most sacred site in Islam. The Qur'an states that the Kaaba was constructed by Abraham, or Ibraheem, in Arabic, and his son Ishmael, or Ismaeel, as said in Arabic, after he had settled in Arabia. The building has a mosque...
in Mecca
Mecca
Mecca is a city in the Hijaz and the capital of Makkah province in Saudi Arabia. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level...
.
Birth
Hashim and 'Abd Shams were conjoined twinsConjoined twins
Conjoined twins are identical twins whose bodies are joined in utero. A rare phenomenon, the occurrence is estimated to range from 1 in 50,000 births to 1 in 100,000 births, with a somewhat higher incidence in Southwest Asia and Africa. Approximately half are stillborn, and a smaller fraction of...
born with Hashim's leg attached to his twin brother's head. It was said that they had struggled in the womb seeking to be firstborn. Their birth was remembered for Hashim being born with one of his toes pressed into the younger twin brother’s forehead. Legend says that their father, 'Abd Manaf ibn Qusai
Abd Manaf ibn Qusai
‘Abdu Manāf ibn Quṣayy was a Quraishi and great-great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Ali. His father was Quṣayy ibn Kilāb.-Biography:...
, separated his conjoined sons with a sword and that some priests believed that the blood that had flown between them signified wars between their progeny (confrontations did occur between Banu al'Abbas and Banu Ummaya ibn 'Abd Shams
Umayya ibn Abd Shams
The clan of Banu Umayyad as well as the dynasty that ruled the Umayyad Caliphate are named after Umayya ibn Abd Shams.Umayya was the son of Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf, and the father of Harb ibn Umayya and Abu al-'As....
in the year 750 AH).
Background
After his grandfather Qusai ibn KilabQusai ibn Kilab
Qusai ibn Kilab ibn Murrah was the great-grandfather of Shaiba ibn Hashim . He was fifth in the line of descent to the Islamic Muhammad, and attained supreme power at Makkah. Qusai is amongst the ancestors of Sahaba and the progenitor of the Quraysh.-Background:He was born into the famous Quraysh...
died his father Abd Manaf and his uncle 'Abd ad-Dar
Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai
Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai forms an important link between his father, Qusai ibn Kilab , the great-great-grandfather of Shaiba ibn Hashim and his own sons, since he is the progenitor of the Banu Abd-al-dar -References:...
apparently quarreled, and the effects of this conflict continued among their descendants and affected the internal Makkah right up to Muhammad's time. 'Abd ad-Dar was supported by their cousins Makhzum, Sahm, Jumah, their uncle Adi and their families. Abd Manaf contested his inheritance and was supported by their nephew Asad, their uncle Zuhrah ibn Kilab
Zuhrah ibn Kilab
Zuhrah ibn Kilab ibn Murrah was the great-grandfather of Aminah bint Wahb, thus the great-great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the progenitor of the Banu Zuhrah clan of the distinguished Quraysh tribe in Mecca....
, their father's uncle Taym ibn Murrah, and al-Harith ibn Fihr.
History
The two sides had even got so far as agreeing to go outside the sanctuary of the sacred area in order to battle it out, when a compromise was at last reached, feeling rose so high that the women of the clan of 'Abd Manaf brought a bowl of rich perfume with nutmeg powder and placed it beside the Ka'aba; and Hashim and his brothers and all their allies dipped their hands in it and swore a solemn oath of allegiance that they would never abandon one another, rubbing their scented hands over the stone of the Ka'aba in confirmation of their pact. Thus it was that this group of clans were known as the "Hilf al-Mutayyabun" or "Alliance of the Scented Ones". Their rivals the allies of Abd ad-Dar likewise swore an oath of union, and also organised themselves into a pact and became known as the "Hilf al-Ahlaf" or "Alliance of the Confederates".Neither side wanted a full scale conflict and a compromise was achieved whereby The Confederates retained normal privileges in control of the charity tax and the food and drink for pilgrims, where as real power resided with the Scented Ones who had the keys to the Ka'aba and the running of the House of Assembly. Therefore the sons of 'Abd Manaf should have the rights of levying the tax and providing for the pilgrims with food and drink, whereas the sons of Abd ad-Dar should retain the keys of the Ka'aba and their rights, and that their house should continue to be the House of Assembly. Hashim's brothers agreed that he should have the responsibility of providing for the pilgrims. Their descendants in the clans named after them tended to keep this old alliance.
Life
Hashim was clearly the foremost man of his day, and demanded that the rights be transferred from the clan of Abd ad-DarAbd-al-Dar ibn Qusai
Abd-al-Dar ibn Qusai forms an important link between his father, Qusai ibn Kilab , the great-great-grandfather of Shaiba ibn Hashim and his own sons, since he is the progenitor of the Banu Abd-al-dar -References:...
to his clan. Those who supported Hashim and his brothers were the descendants of Zuhrah
Zuhrah ibn Kilab
Zuhrah ibn Kilab ibn Murrah was the great-grandfather of Aminah bint Wahb, thus the great-great-grandfather of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and the progenitor of the Banu Zuhrah clan of the distinguished Quraysh tribe in Mecca....
and Taym ibn Murrah, and all Qusai's descendants except those of the eldest line. The descendants of Makhzum and of the other remoter cousins maintained that the rights should remain in the family of Abd ad-Dar.
Hashim was accepted as the overall leader, with the responsibility of providing for the pilgrims in the Ka’aba precincts, with the support of his brothers 'Abd Shams
Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf
Abd Shams ibn Abd Manaf was a prominent member of the Quraish tribe of Mecca in modern-day Saudi Arabia. The Banu Abd Shams sub-clan of the Quraish tribe and their descendants take its name from him.-Lineage:...
and Muttalib
Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf
Muttalib ibn Abd al-Manaf was one of the ancestors of the Sahaba .-History:His father was Abd Manaf ibn Qusai.Muttalib was the younger brother of Hashim ibn Abd Manaf...
, and his half-brother Nawfal
Nawfal ibn Abd Manaf
Nawfal ibn Abd al-Manaf was one of the Sahaba's ancestors . He forms an important link between his notable father Abd Manaf ibn Qusai, and the tribe he is a progenitor of, the Banu Nawfal.-See also:...
. The only person who challenged Hashim’s authority was Umayyah, the son of his brother 'Abd Shams, but he had no real support and shifted to live out his life in Syria. Makkah became the acknowledged capital of Arabia, and markets were established around the city to deal with all the business.
Legacy
Hashim was held in much honour, both at home and abroad. It was Amr who first realised the potential for his family of taking part in the lucrative trade between SyriaSyria
Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
and Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
that passed through Arabia. Trading was the most important means of livelihood for the inhabitants of Mecca, a barren ‘valley without cultivation’.
He initiated and established the two great trade caravan journeys of Quraish from Mecca, the Caravan of Winter to Yemen
Yemen
The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
and the Caravan of Summer to north-west Arabia, and beyond it to Palestine
Palestine
Palestine is a conventional name, among others, used to describe the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands....
and Syria, which was then Byzantine
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
rule as part of the Roman Empire
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
. After obtaining privileges from the Ghassanid
Ghassanids
The Ghassanids were a group of South Arabian Christian tribes that emigrated in the early 3rd century from Yemen to Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and the Holy Land....
king of Syria, even went in person to Byzantium
Byzantium
Byzantium was an ancient Greek city, founded by Greek colonists from Megara in 667 BC and named after their king Byzas . The name Byzantium is a Latinization of the original name Byzantion...
and procured an edict from the Byzantine
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
Roman Caesar, exempting Quraish from duties or taxes when operating in the countries under his domain. Caesar also wrote to the King Negus
Ashama ibn Abjar
According to Arabic sources, Aṣḥama ibn Abjar was Emperor or al-Najashi of Aksum at the time of Muhammad, and gave refuge to several Muslims in the Kingdom of Aksum. The term "al-Najashi" has the variant al-Negashi; it corresponds to the ancient Aksumite title Negus, with the variant Negash...
of Abyssinia
Ethiopia
Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...
to admit the Quraish there for trade, and Hashim’s brother 'Abd Shams had a special permit with him. Muttalib had his treaty with the Himyarites of Yemen, and their half-brother Nawfal with the Persian governments of Iraq and lran.
He commenced by going in person to Aden
Aden
Aden is a seaport city in Yemen, located by the eastern approach to the Red Sea , some 170 kilometres east of Bab-el-Mandeb. Its population is approximately 800,000. Aden's ancient, natural harbour lies in the crater of an extinct volcano which now forms a peninsula, joined to the mainland by a...
in Yemen to meet the ships coming from India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, purchased the stock and transported it first to Mecca and then on to Syria, Gaza
Gaza
Gaza , also referred to as Gaza City, is a Palestinian city in the Gaza Strip, with a population of about 450,000, making it the largest city in the Palestinian territories.Inhabited since at least the 15th century BC,...
or Egypt. There he bought up goods of local manufacture and brought them back to Mecca, mainly selling them at the various Arab markets and fairs. Thus, the Quraish engaged in trade in Yemen, Syria and Ankara
Ankara
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million....
which allowed them to flourish economically. The Quraysh were so respected and popular that they felt no fears for their caravans being robbed or harmed along the way, and the various tribes did not even attempt to charge them the usual heavy transit taxes they demanded from other caravans
He was generous to a fault, and it was his practical compassion in one year of drought that earned him his famous nickname of "Hashim", ‘the Crusher’. This was not for crushing or oppressing anyone, but because when the people were starving and emaciated he provided food at his own expense for the entire population of Mecca, personally fetching an immense stock of flour from Syria by camel-caravan, then slaughtering the camels and crushing the bread and meat to provide a soup-kitchen for his people. His descendants are still proudly called Hashemite
Hashemite
Hashemite is the Latinate version of the , transliteration: Hāšimī, and traditionally refers to those belonging to the Banu Hashim, or "clan of Hashim", a clan within the larger Quraish tribe...
s to this day.
Death
According to Idris Imaduddin, an established historian, he died after falling ill on a journey returning from a business tour to Syria in Gaza, Palestine in 497. His business passed to none of his sons, but to his brothers, the sons of Atikah bint MurrahAtikah bint Murrah
Ātikah bint Murrah ibn Hilāl ibn Fālij ibn Dhakwān was a Banu Hawazin heiress, and the mother of Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf, thus the great-great-grandmother of Islamic prophet Muhammad.She was one of several wives of Abd Manaf ibn Qusai...
.
Family
His father was 'Abd Manaf ibn Qusai who was a descendant of Isma'il and thus Ibrahim. His mother was ʻĀtikah bint Murrah ibn Hilāl ibn Fālij ibn DhakwānAtikah bint Murrah
Ātikah bint Murrah ibn Hilāl ibn Fālij ibn Dhakwān was a Banu Hawazin heiress, and the mother of Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf, thus the great-great-grandmother of Islamic prophet Muhammad.She was one of several wives of Abd Manaf ibn Qusai...
. Hashim had two full brothers, the elder was 'Abd Shams and younger was Muttalib
Muttalib ibn Abd Manaf
Muttalib ibn Abd al-Manaf was one of the ancestors of the Sahaba .-History:His father was Abd Manaf ibn Qusai.Muttalib was the younger brother of Hashim ibn Abd Manaf...
who would succeed him, and half-brother Nawfal
Nawfal ibn Abd Manaf
Nawfal ibn Abd al-Manaf was one of the Sahaba's ancestors . He forms an important link between his notable father Abd Manaf ibn Qusai, and the tribe he is a progenitor of, the Banu Nawfal.-See also:...
whose mother was Waqida bint Amr.
He at least five wives, four sons, and six daughters. His first three wives were his mother Hubbah's niece Qaylah (or Hind) bint Amr ibn Malik of the Banu Khuza'a
Banu Khuza'a
the Khuza'a or Banu Khuza'a form a branch of the South Arabian tribe of Azd-Origin:Most traditionalists trace the origins of the tribe to Amr ibn Lahi al-Khuza'i, and agree that with the other branches of the Azd they at some point left the Yemen and moved north. 'Amr ibn Luhay and his clan...
, Halah (Hind) bint Amr ibn Thalabah al-Khazrajiyah, and a woman from the Banu Quda'a
Banu Quda'a
Quda'a is a Himyarite tribe that was exiled from Yemen following the trials of the Lakhmids and they settled The Southern part of the Lakhmid Kingdom in the Samawa region....
, the people of Qusai's stepfather who had been so supportive of his cause. For his fourth wife he married one of his father’s widow, Waqida bint Amr (Abu Adiy) al-Maziniyyah, the mother of his half-brother Nawfal. His fifth wife was Salma bint Amr
Salma bint Amr
Salma bint Amr was the wife of Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf, thus the great-grandmother of Islamic prophet Muhammad. She was one of the most influential women of the Banu Khazraj tribe and the daughter of 'Amr of Banu Najjar clan...
, a woman from Yathrib who was one of the most influential women of the Banu Khazraj
Banu Khazraj
-Early history:Abu Muhammad Al-hasan Ibn Ahmad Al-hamdani mentioned that The Banu Khazraj along with Banu Aws settled the area of Yathrib around the 2nd century ad as part of the PreIslamic Exodus of Yemen due to the Great Dam damage....
tribe and the daughter of 'Amr of Banu Najjar
Banu Najjar
The Banu Najjar was one of the Jewish tribes of Arabia during Muhammad's era.They were included in point 31 of the Constitution of Medina as allies to the Muslims, being as "one nation", but retaining their Jewish religion .-People:*Rumaysa bint Milhan...
clan.
By Qaylah he had a son Asad
Asad ibn Hashim
Asad ibn Hashim was the son of Hashim ibn Abd al-Manaf. He was the father of Fatima bint Asad, the mother of Ali.-See also:*Sahaba*Hashim *Asad...
(Ali
Ali
' |Ramaḍān]], 40 AH; approximately October 23, 598 or 600 or March 17, 599 – January 27, 661).His father's name was Abu Talib. Ali was also the cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and ruled over the Islamic Caliphate from 656 to 661, and was the first male convert to Islam...
's maternal grandfather). By Halah he had the son Abu Saifi, and daughter Hayyah (or Hannah). By Waqida he had the daughters Khalidah and Da'ifa. By the Quda’a woman he had the son Nadla (or Nadh) and daughter Ash-Shifa. By Salma he had Shaiba
Shaiba ibn Hashim
Shaiba ibn Hashim , better known as or Abd al-Muttalib, since he was raised by his uncle Muttalib, was the grandfather of Islamic prophet Muhammad.-Early life:...
(more commonly known as ʻAbd al-Muṭṭalib), the paternal grandfather of Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
, and a daughter Ruqayyah. There was another son Sayfayyah, and another daughter Jannah.
Further reading
- Gerald de GauryGerald de GauryGerald de Gaury MC was a British military officer, Arabist, explorer, historian and diplomat.He served as part of the Hampshire Regiment in the First World War, where he was wounded on several occasions, including in the Gallipoli Campaign....
, Rulers of MeccaRulers of Mecca (book)Rulers of Mecca is a book written by Gerald de Gaury about the history of Islam.... - http://al-islam.org/restatement/4.htm