Hallau
Encyclopedia
Hallau is a municipality
in the canton
of Schaffhausen in Switzerland
.
weapons have been found in Hallau, the first traces of a settlement date from the Roman era
. A Roman warehouse was found in Hüttenhau as well as numerous Roman coins
. The area was settled by the Alamanni
. An Alamanni graveyard exists near the Church of St. Moritz, as well as the ruins of the Alamanni village of Atlingen.
Hallau is first mentioned in 1095 as Hallaugia superiori et inferiori. In 1273 it was mentioned as Hallowe. Until 1526 it was part of Oberhallau
.
About two-thirds of the land in Hallau was originally owned by the Benedictine
monastery of All Saints in Schaffhausen. In the tax record from 1100, there are no vineyards mentioned in the villages. It is not until the Kelhofbrief of 1280 that the local vineyards first appear. In 1302 the Bishop of Konstanz acquired the vogt
ei rights over both villages. In 1343 the village organized the Gebursami ze Hallow and secured the market rights, a mill, salt tax and other rights for themselves. In the 2nd half of the 15th Century the Bishop and the Landgrave
of Sulz fought over the High justice
rights in the Klettgau
valley. During the Late Middle Ages
and the Early modern period
the villages expanded. They purchased the Lauferberg at some point, in 1457 they bought the Vogtei Wunderklingen an der Wutach and in 1507 the weir
and water mill.
The municipality is located in the Unterklettgau district. It is an old market town
that is now a winemaking
village. Hallau is located on the south foot of the Hallauerberg. Until 1934 Hallau was known as Unterhallau.
, 9.3% are from Italy
, 7.3% are from Serbia
, 33.2% are from Macedonia
, and 18.3% are from another country. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -1.9%. Most of the population speaks German (91.9%), with Albanian being second most common ( 3.3%) and Italian being third ( 1.7%).
The age distribution of the population is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.3%.
In the 2007 federal election
the most popular party was the SVP
which received 52% of the vote. The next two most popular parties were the SP
(27.4%), and the FDP
(20.6%) .
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Hallau about 81% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule
). In Hallau, , 1.7% of the population attend kindergarten
or another pre-school, 6.74% attend a Primary School, 4.35% attend a lower level Secondary School, and 2.7% attend a higher level Secondary School.
, 14.3% of the population belonged to the Roman Catholic Church
and 67.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church
.
The historical population is given in the following table:
. The church was built in 1491. Due to the number of old Alemanni graves and artifacts, the church was pilgrimage site until the Protestant Reformation
. In 1505/08 the church became independent of the parish church
of Neunkirch
and became the parish
of Unterhallau. The Church of St. Moritz became the new parish church.
Additionally, the entire village of Gächlingen is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
.
of the municipal coat of arms
is Gules a Fleur de lis Argent between two Mullets Or in pale.
the mid year average unemployment rate was 1.1%. There were 100 non-agrarian businesses in the municipality and 48.1% of the (non-agrarian) population was involved in the secondary sector of the economy while 51.9% were involved in the third. At the same time, 63.1% of the working population was employed full-time, and 36.9% was employed part-time. There were 615 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 48.9% of the workforce. there were 570 residents who worked in the municipality, while 451 residents worked outside Hallau and 240 people commuted into the municipality for work.
, there are 5 restaurants, and 1 hotel with 14 beds. The hospitality industry in Hallau employs 14 people.
, both in Waldshut
district in Baden-Wurttemberg
state.
. The wettest month is June during which time Hallau receives an average of 102 mm (4 in) of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.4 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 12.6, but with only 90 mm (3.5 in) of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is September with an average of 71 mm (2.8 in) of precipitation over 11.4 days.
Municipalities of Switzerland
Communes , also known as municipalities, are the smallest government division in Switzerland, numbering 2,596 . While many have a population of a few hundred citizens, the largest cities such as Zürich or Geneva also have the legal status of municipalities...
in the canton
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...
of Schaffhausen in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
.
History
Though Bronze AgeBronze Age
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons. Chronologically, it stands between the Stone Age and Iron Age...
weapons have been found in Hallau, the first traces of a settlement date from the Roman era
Switzerland in the Roman era
The history of Switzerland in the Roman era encompasses the roughly six centuries during which the territory of modern Switzerland was a part of the Roman Republic and Empire...
. A Roman warehouse was found in Hüttenhau as well as numerous Roman coins
Roman currency
The Roman currency during most of the Roman Republic and the western half of the Roman Empire consisted of coins including the aureus , the denarius , the sestertius , the dupondius , and the as...
. The area was settled by the Alamanni
Alamanni
The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Rhine river . One of the earliest references to them is the cognomen Alamannicus assumed by Roman Emperor Caracalla, who ruled the Roman Empire from 211 to 217 and claimed thereby to be...
. An Alamanni graveyard exists near the Church of St. Moritz, as well as the ruins of the Alamanni village of Atlingen.
Hallau is first mentioned in 1095 as Hallaugia superiori et inferiori. In 1273 it was mentioned as Hallowe. Until 1526 it was part of Oberhallau
Oberhallau
Oberhallau is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland.-History:Both Hallau and Oberhallau are first mentioned in 1095 as Hallaugia superiori et inferiori...
.
About two-thirds of the land in Hallau was originally owned by the Benedictine
Benedictine
Benedictine refers to the spirituality and consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century for the cenobitic communities he founded in central Italy. The most notable of these is Monte Cassino, the first monastery founded by Benedict...
monastery of All Saints in Schaffhausen. In the tax record from 1100, there are no vineyards mentioned in the villages. It is not until the Kelhofbrief of 1280 that the local vineyards first appear. In 1302 the Bishop of Konstanz acquired the vogt
Vogt
A Vogt ; plural Vögte; Dutch voogd; Danish foged; ; ultimately from Latin [ad]vocatus) in the Holy Roman Empire was the German title of a reeve or advocate, an overlord exerting guardianship or military protection as well as secular justice...
ei rights over both villages. In 1343 the village organized the Gebursami ze Hallow and secured the market rights, a mill, salt tax and other rights for themselves. In the 2nd half of the 15th Century the Bishop and the Landgrave
Landgrave
Landgrave was a title used in the Holy Roman Empire and later on by its former territories. The title refers to a count who had feudal duty directly to the Holy Roman Emperor...
of Sulz fought over the High justice
High Justice
High Justice is a 1974 collection of science fiction short stories by Jerry Pournelle. It was republished in a omnibus edition with Exiles to Glory in 2009 as Exile -- and Glory....
rights in the Klettgau
Klettgau
Klettgau is a group of towns in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Landgraviat of Klettgau to 1812.There is a border crossing into Switzerland at Erzingen to Trasadingen in Schaffhausen canton....
valley. During the Late Middle Ages
Late Middle Ages
The Late Middle Ages was the period of European history generally comprising the 14th to the 16th century . The Late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern era ....
and the Early modern period
Early modern period
In history, the early modern period of modern history follows the late Middle Ages. Although the chronological limits of the period are open to debate, the timeframe spans the period after the late portion of the Middle Ages through the beginning of the Age of Revolutions...
the villages expanded. They purchased the Lauferberg at some point, in 1457 they bought the Vogtei Wunderklingen an der Wutach and in 1507 the weir
Weir
A weir is a small overflow dam used to alter the flow characteristics of a river or stream. In most cases weirs take the form of a barrier across the river that causes water to pool behind the structure , but allows water to flow over the top...
and water mill.
Geography
Hallau has an area, , of 15.3 km² (5.9 sq mi). Of this area, 50.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while 40.3% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 8.7% is settled (buildings or roads) and the remainder (0.5%) is non-productive (rivers or lakes).The municipality is located in the Unterklettgau district. It is an old market town
Market town
Market town or market right is a legal term, originating in the medieval period, for a European settlement that has the right to host markets, distinguishing it from a village and city...
that is now a winemaking
Winemaking
Winemaking, or vinification, is the production of wine, starting with selection of the grapes or other produce and ending with bottling the finished wine. Although most wine is made from grapes, it may also be made from other fruit or non-toxic plant material...
village. Hallau is located on the south foot of the Hallauerberg. Until 1934 Hallau was known as Unterhallau.
Demographics
Hallau has a population of 2,014, of which 15.0% are foreign nationals. Of the foreign population, , 31.9% are from GermanyGermany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, 9.3% are from Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, 7.3% are from Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
, 33.2% are from Macedonia
Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
, and 18.3% are from another country. Over the last 10 years the population has decreased at a rate of -1.9%. Most of the population speaks German (91.9%), with Albanian being second most common ( 3.3%) and Italian being third ( 1.7%).
The age distribution of the population is children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 21.9% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 58.8% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.3%.
In the 2007 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...
the most popular party was the SVP
Swiss People's Party
The Swiss People's Party , also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre , is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Toni Brunner, but spearheaded by Christoph Blocher, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 58 members of the National Council and 6 of...
which received 52% of the vote. The next two most popular parties were the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
(27.4%), and the FDP
Free Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Free Democratic Party was a classical liberal political party in Switzerland. It was one of the major parties in Switzerland until its merger with the smaller classical liberal Liberal Party, to form FDP.The Liberals on 1 January 2009....
(20.6%) .
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Hallau about 81% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule
Fachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...
). In Hallau, , 1.7% of the population attend kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...
or another pre-school, 6.74% attend a Primary School, 4.35% attend a lower level Secondary School, and 2.7% attend a higher level Secondary School.
, 14.3% of the population belonged to the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
and 67.9% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church
Swiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...
.
The historical population is given in the following table:
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1531 | 120 |
| 1771 | 1,729 |
| 1850 | 2,607 |
| 1900 | 1,870 |
| 1910 | 1,764 |
| 1950 | 1,959 |
| 2000 | 2,008 |
Heritage sites of national significance
The Bergkirche St. Moritz (mountain or hill church of St. Moritz) is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significanceSwiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance is a register of some 8,300 items of cultural property in Switzerland...
. The church was built in 1491. Due to the number of old Alemanni graves and artifacts, the church was pilgrimage site until the Protestant Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
. In 1505/08 the church became independent of the parish church
Parish church
A parish church , in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches....
of Neunkirch
Neunkirch
Neunkirch is a municipality in the canton of Schaffhausen in Switzerland. It is set in the south of the mountains called Randen.-The name:The first documentary record of Neunkirch is in 850; the town is called Niuchilchun. It is Old High German and means new church. This name varies several times...
and became the parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
of Unterhallau. The Church of St. Moritz became the new parish church.
Additionally, the entire village of Gächlingen is designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
The Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites is part of a 1981 Ordinance of the Swiss Federal Council implementing the Federal Law on the Protection of Nature and Cultural Heritage.-Sites of national importance:-Types:...
.
Coat of arms
The blazonBlazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image...
of the municipal coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
is Gules a Fleur de lis Argent between two Mullets Or in pale.
Economy
Hallau has an unemployment rate of 0.96%. , there were 240 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 69 businesses involved in this sector. 277 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 35 businesses in this sector. 286 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 69 businesses in this sector.the mid year average unemployment rate was 1.1%. There were 100 non-agrarian businesses in the municipality and 48.1% of the (non-agrarian) population was involved in the secondary sector of the economy while 51.9% were involved in the third. At the same time, 63.1% of the working population was employed full-time, and 36.9% was employed part-time. There were 615 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 48.9% of the workforce. there were 570 residents who worked in the municipality, while 451 residents worked outside Hallau and 240 people commuted into the municipality for work.
, there are 5 restaurants, and 1 hotel with 14 beds. The hospitality industry in Hallau employs 14 people.
Border crossings
Border crossings into Germany are located between Hallau town and Eberfingen; and between the village of Wunderklingen with EggingenEggingen
Eggingen is a town in the district of Waldshut in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. There is a border crossing into Switzerland to the village of Wunderklingen in Hallau district, Schaffhausen canton....
, both in Waldshut
Waldshut
Waldshut is a district in the south of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighbouring districts are Lörrach, Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald and Schwarzwald-Baar; followed in the south by the Swiss cantons of Schaffhausen, Zürich and Aargau.-History:The district dates to the Oberamt Waldshut, which was...
district in Baden-Wurttemberg
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants...
state.
Weather
Hallau has an average of 130.3 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives 1073 mm (42.2 in) of precipitationPrecipitation (meteorology)
In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation In meteorology, precipitation (also known as one of the classes of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric water vapor that falls under gravity. The main forms of precipitation...
. The wettest month is June during which time Hallau receives an average of 102 mm (4 in) of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 11.4 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 12.6, but with only 90 mm (3.5 in) of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is September with an average of 71 mm (2.8 in) of precipitation over 11.4 days.