Fairuzabadi
Encyclopedia
Abu-t-Tahir Ibn Ibrahim Majd ud-Din ul-Fairuzabadi, (also known as El-Firuz Abadi or al-Firuzabadi) (1329–1414) was an Arab
lexicographer
born at Karazin near Shiraz
(in modern Iran
) and educated in Shiraz
, Wasit
, Baghdad
and Damascus
.
and Egypt
, before settling in Mecca
in 1368. He remained there for the bulk of the next three decades, spending some time in Delhi
in the 1380s, and finally leaving Mecca
in the mid-1390s to return to Baghdad
, Shiraz (where he was received by Timur
), and finally travelling to Ta'izz
in modern Yemen
. In 1395, he was appointed chief qadi
(judge) of Yemen
and married a daughter of the sultan
.
During the later years of his life, Fairuzabadi converted his house at Mecca into a school of Maliki law
and established three teachers in it. He also wrote a huge lexicographical work uniting the dictionaries of Ibn Sida, a Spanish
philologist (d. 1066), and of Sajani (d. 1252).
Al Fairuzabadi's work Al Qamus al Muhit gained popularity in the Arabic world, and one of the greates lexicographers Al Zabidi authored an explanation on it. Zabidi was born in India, he got education from Shah Waliullah Dehlawi in Delhi, he visited rab countries as: Saudu Arabia, Iraq, Egypt, Palestine, etc., and settled in Zabid in Yamen so called ZABIDI. His commentary on Al qamus is known as "TAJ AL ARUS MIN JAHIR AL QAMUS" first published in Egypt and from Kuwait and Berut.
Arab
Arab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...
lexicographer
Lexicography
Lexicography is divided into two related disciplines:*Practical lexicography is the art or craft of compiling, writing and editing dictionaries....
born at Karazin near Shiraz
Shiraz, Iran
Shiraz is the sixth most populous city in Iran and is the capital of Fars Province, the city's 2009 population was 1,455,073. Shiraz is located in the southwest of Iran on the Roodkhaneye Khoshk seasonal river...
(in modern Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
) and educated in Shiraz
Shiraz
Shiraz may refer to:* Shiraz, Iran, a city in Iran* Shiraz County, an administrative subdivision of Iran* Vosketap, Armenia, formerly called ShirazPeople:* Hovhannes Shiraz, Armenian poet* Ara Shiraz, Armenian sculptor...
, Wasit
Wasit
Wasit is a place in Wasit Governorate, south east of Kut in eastern Iraq.-History:During Ottoman times, it was the head city of the sanjak of Wasit.To quote UNESCO:...
, Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
and Damascus
Damascus
Damascus , commonly known in Syria as Al Sham , and as the City of Jasmine , is the capital and the second largest city of Syria after Aleppo, both are part of the country's 14 governorates. In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Damascus is a major...
.
His Life
He lived in Jerusalem for ten years and then travelled in western AsiaAsia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
and Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
, before settling in Mecca
Mecca
Mecca is a city in the Hijaz and the capital of Makkah province in Saudi Arabia. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level...
in 1368. He remained there for the bulk of the next three decades, spending some time in Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
in the 1380s, and finally leaving Mecca
Mecca
Mecca is a city in the Hijaz and the capital of Makkah province in Saudi Arabia. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level...
in the mid-1390s to return to Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
, Shiraz (where he was received by Timur
Timur
Timur , historically known as Tamerlane in English , was a 14th-century conqueror of West, South and Central Asia, and the founder of the Timurid dynasty in Central Asia, and great-great-grandfather of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty, which survived as the Mughal Empire in India until...
), and finally travelling to Ta'izz
Ta'izz
Ta'izz , or Taiz, is a city in the Yemeni Highlands, near the famous Mocha port on the Red Sea, lying at an elevation of about 1,400 metres above sea level. It is the capital of Ta'izz Governorate...
in modern Yemen
Yemen
The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
. In 1395, he was appointed chief qadi
Qadi
Qadi is a judge ruling in accordance with Islamic religious law appointed by the ruler of a Muslim country. Because Islam makes no distinction between religious and secular domains, qadis traditionally have jurisdiction over all legal matters involving Muslims...
(judge) of Yemen
Yemen
The Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
and married a daughter of the sultan
Sultan
Sultan is a title with several historical meanings. Originally, it was an Arabic language abstract noun meaning "strength", "authority", "rulership", and "dictatorship", derived from the masdar سلطة , meaning "authority" or "power". Later, it came to be used as the title of certain rulers who...
.
During the later years of his life, Fairuzabadi converted his house at Mecca into a school of Maliki law
Maliki
The ' madhhab is one of the schools of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam. It is the second-largest of the four schools, followed by approximately 25% of Muslims, mostly in North Africa, West Africa, the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and in some parts of Saudi Arabia...
and established three teachers in it. He also wrote a huge lexicographical work uniting the dictionaries of Ibn Sida, a Spanish
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
philologist (d. 1066), and of Sajani (d. 1252).
His works
An abridgement of this last work was published as Al-Qamus Al-Muhit (قاموس المحيط) ("Comprehensive Dictionary") and has over the centuries itself served as the basis of some later dictionaries.Al Fairuzabadi's work Al Qamus al Muhit gained popularity in the Arabic world, and one of the greates lexicographers Al Zabidi authored an explanation on it. Zabidi was born in India, he got education from Shah Waliullah Dehlawi in Delhi, he visited rab countries as: Saudu Arabia, Iraq, Egypt, Palestine, etc., and settled in Zabid in Yamen so called ZABIDI. His commentary on Al qamus is known as "TAJ AL ARUS MIN JAHIR AL QAMUS" first published in Egypt and from Kuwait and Berut.