Duke of Leinster
Encyclopedia
Peerage of Ireland
The Peerage of Ireland is the term used for those titles of nobility created by the English and later British monarchs of Ireland in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland. The creation of such titles came to an end in the 19th century. The ranks of the Irish peerage are Duke, Marquess, Earl,...
and the premier dukedom in that peerage. The title refers to Leinster
Leinster
Leinster is one of the Provinces of Ireland situated in the east of Ireland. It comprises the ancient Kingdoms of Mide, Osraige and Leinster. Following the Norman invasion of Ireland, the historic fifths of Leinster and Mide gradually merged, mainly due to the impact of the Pale, which straddled...
, but unlike the province the title is pronounced "Lin-ster". The subsidiary titles of the Duke of Leinster are: Marquess of Kildare (1761), Earl of Kildare (1316), Earl of Offaly (1761), Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (1747), Baron Offaly (1620) and Baron Kildare, of Kildare in the County of Kildare (1870). The viscounty of Leinster is in the Peerage of Great Britain
Peerage of Great Britain
The Peerage of Great Britain comprises all extant peerages created in the Kingdom of Great Britain after the Act of Union 1707 but before the Act of Union 1800...
, the barony of Kildare in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Peerage of the United Kingdom
The Peerage of the United Kingdom comprises most peerages created in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland after the Act of Union in 1801, when it replaced the Peerage of Great Britain...
, and all other titles in the Peerage of Ireland
Peerage of Ireland
The Peerage of Ireland is the term used for those titles of nobility created by the English and later British monarchs of Ireland in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland. The creation of such titles came to an end in the 19th century. The ranks of the Irish peerage are Duke, Marquess, Earl,...
. The courtesy title
Courtesy title
A courtesy title is a form of address in systems of nobility used for children, former wives and other close relatives of a peer. These styles are used 'by courtesy' in the sense that the relatives do not themselves hold substantive titles...
of the eldest son and heir of the Duke of Leinster is Marquess of Kildare.
Earls of Kildare from 1316
This branch of the Welsh-Norman FitzGerald dynasty, which came to Ireland in 1169, were initially created Earls of Kildare. The earldom was created in 1316 for John FitzGeraldJohn FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare
John FitzThomas FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare was a Peer in the Peerage of Ireland.The eldest son of Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald and Rohesia de St...
. Two senior FitzGeralds, Garret Mór FitzGerald and his son, Garret Óg FitzGerald
Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare
Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare , also known in Irish as Gearóid Óg , was a figure in Irish History. In 1513 he inherited the title of Earl of Kildare and position of Lord Deputy of Ireland from his father.-Family:...
served as Lords Deputy
Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland was the British King's representative and head of the Irish executive during the Lordship of Ireland , the Kingdom of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland...
of Ireland (the representative of the Lord of Ireland
Lordship of Ireland
The Lordship of Ireland refers to that part of Ireland that was under the rule of the king of England, styled Lord of Ireland, between 1177 and 1541. It was created in the wake of the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169–71 and was succeeded by the Kingdom of Ireland...
(the King of England) in Ireland). The tenth Earl, Thomas FitzGerald, known as Silken Thomas, was attainted
Bill of attainder
A bill of attainder is an act of a legislature declaring a person or group of persons guilty of some crime and punishing them without benefit of a judicial trial.-English law:...
and his honours were forfeit in 1537. In 1554, Thomas's half-brother and only male heir, Gerald FitzGerald
Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare
Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare , also known as the "Wizard Earl" , was an Irish peer....
, was created Earl of Kildare in the Peerage of Ireland
Peerage of Ireland
The Peerage of Ireland is the term used for those titles of nobility created by the English and later British monarchs of Ireland in their capacity as Lord or King of Ireland. The creation of such titles came to an end in the 19th century. The ranks of the Irish peerage are Duke, Marquess, Earl,...
. He was subsequently restored to the original Patent
Letters patent
Letters patent are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch or president, generally granting an office, right, monopoly, title, or status to a person or corporation...
in 1569, as 11th earl. The second (1554-created) earldom became extinct in 1599, although the original earldom survived.
Dukes of Leinster from 1766
(1864-1895)|4= 4. Charles William FitzGerald
Charles FitzGerald, 4th Duke of Leinster
Charles William FitzGerald, 4th Duke of Leinster PC , styled Marquess of Kildare until 1874, was an Irish peer and politician.-Background:...
4th Duke of Leinster (1847-1887)
|5= 5. Caroline Sutherland-Leverson-Gower
(da. 2nd Duke of Sutherland
George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland
George Granville Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland KG , styled Viscount Trentham until 1803, Earl Gower between 1803 and 1833 and Marquess of Stafford in 1833, was a British peer....
) (1817-1887)
|6= 6. William Ernest Duncombe
William Duncombe, 1st Earl of Feversham
William Ernest Duncombe, 1st Earl of Feversham , known as The Lord Feversham between 1867 and 1868, was a British Conservative politician....
1st Earl of Feversham (b.1829)
|7= 7. Mabel Violet Graham
(18??)
|8= 8. Augustus Frederick FitzGerald
Augustus FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of Leinster
Augustus Frederick FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of Leinster, etc., PC, PC was an Irish peer and freemason, styled Marquess of Kildare from birth until 1804. He was born and died in Carton....
3rd Duke of Leinster (1791-1874)
|9= 9. Charlotte Augusta Stanhope
(1793-1859)
|10= 10. George Granville Sutherland-Leverson-Gower
George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland
George Granville Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland KG , styled Viscount Trentham until 1803, Earl Gower between 1803 and 1833 and Marquess of Stafford in 1833, was a British peer....
2nd Duke of Sutherland KG (1786-1861)
|11= 11. Harriet Elizabeth Georgina Howard
Harriet Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland
Harriet Elizabeth Georgiana Howard was born Lady Harriet Howard, daughter of the 6th Earl of Carlisle and his wife Lady Georgiana Cavendish, who was a daughter of the famous Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire. On 18 May 1823 Harriet married Earl Gower, eldest son of the 2nd Marquess of Stafford, and...
(1806-1868)
|12= 12. William Dunscombe
William Duncombe, 2nd Baron Feversham
William Duncombe, 2nd Baron Feversham was a British peer and Tory politician.-Background:Feversham was the eldest son of Charles Duncombe, 1st Baron Feversham, and Lady Charlotte, daughter of William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth. The Hon. Arthur Duncombe and the Hon...
2nd Baron Faversham (1798-1867)
|13= 13. Lousia Stewart
(d.1889)
|14= 14. James Robert George Graham PC
(1792-1861)
|15= 15. Fanny Callender
(d.1857)
|16= 16. William Robert FitzGerald
William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster
William Robert FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster, etc. KP, PC was an Irish liberal politician and landowner. He was born in London.-Career:...
2nd Duke of Leinster KP (1749-1804)
|17= 17. Emilia Olivia St. George
(da. Usher St. George
St George St George, 1st Baron St George
St George St George, 1st Baron St George was an Irish politician.Born St George Ussher, he was the son of John Ussher by his wife Mary St George, daughter of George St George, 1st Baron St George....
) (b.17??)
|18= 18. Charles Stanhope
Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl of Harrington
General Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl of Harrington PC, PC , styled Viscount Petersham until 1779, was a British soldier. Stanhope is sometimes confused with an exact contemporary of his, the 3rd Earl Stanhope....
3rd Earl of Harrington (1853-1859)
|19= 19. Jane Fleming
(da. John Fleming
Sir John Fleming, 1st Baronet
Sir John Fleming, 1st Baronet was an English baronet, created first Baronet Fleming of Brompton Park, Middlesex in the Baronetage of Great Britain on 22 April 1763....
) (b.17??)
|20= 20. George Granville Leverson-Gower
George Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland
George Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland KG, PC , known as Viscount Trentham from 1758 to 1786, as Earl Gower from 1786 to 1803 and as The Marquess of Stafford from 1803 to 1833, was a British politician, diplomat, landowner and patron of the arts. He is estimated to have been the...
1st Duke of Sutherland KG (1758-1833)
|21= 21. Elizabeth Countess of Sutherland
Elizabeth Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland
Elizabeth Sutherland Leveson-Gower, Duchess of Sutherland , also suo jure 19th Countess of Sutherland, was a Scottish peeress, best remembered for her involvement in the Highland Clearances....
(1765-1839)
|22= 22. George Howard
George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle
George Howard, 6th Earl of Carlisle KG, PC, FRS , styled Viscount Morpeth until 1825, was a British statesman...
6th Earl of Carlisle KG (1773-1848)
|23= 23. Georgina Cavendish
(da. 5th Duke of Devonshire
William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire
William Cavendish, 5th Duke of Devonshire, KG was a British aristocrat and politician. He was the eldest son of the William Cavendish, 4th Duke of Devonshire by his wife the heiress Lady Charlotte Boyle, suo jure Baroness Clifford of Lanesborough, who brought in considerable money and estates to...
KG) (b.17??)
|24= 24. Charles Dunscombe
Charles Duncombe, 1st Baron Feversham
Charles Duncombe, 1st Baron Feversham was a British Member of Parliament.Feversham was appointed High Sheriff of Yorkshire in 1790. He was elected to the House of Commons for Shaftesbury in 1790, a seat he held until 1796, and then represented Aldborough from 1796 to 1806, Heytesbury from 1812 to...
1st Baron Feversham (1764-1841)
|25= 25. Charlotte Legge
(da. 2nd Earl of Dartmouth
William Legge, 2nd Earl of Dartmouth
William Legge 2nd Earl of Dartmouth PC, FRS , styled as Viscount Lewisham from 1732 to 1750, was a British statesman who is most remembered for his part in the government before and during the American Revolution....
) (d.1848)
|26= 26. George Stewart
George Stewart, 8th Earl of Galloway
Admiral George Stewart, 8th Earl of Galloway KT , styled Lord Garlies between 1773 and 1806, was a British naval commander and politician.-Background:...
8th Earl of Galloway KT (1768-1834)
|27= 27. Jane Paget
(da. 1st Earl Uxbridge) (d. 1842)
|28= 28. James Grayham 1st Bart
(1761-1824)
|29= 29. Catherine Stewart
(da. 7th Earl of Galloway
John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway
John Stewart, 7th Earl of Galloway KT was a Scottish peer, styled Viscount Garlies from 1747 until 1773. He succeeded his father Alexander in 1773. He was elected one of the representative peers, representing the Peerage of Scotland in the House of Lords, in 1774 and sat there until the 1790s...
(d.1836)
|30= 30. James Callander
James T. Callender
James Callender was a political pamphleteer and journalist whose writing was controversial in his native Scotland and the United States. His contemporary reputation was as a "scandalmonger", due to the content of some of his reporting, which overshadowed the political content...
(b.1774)
|31= 31. Elizabeth MacDonnel
(da. 5th Earl of Antrim) (d.1796)
}}
Marquess and Earl of Kildare, co. Kildare, Earl and Baron of Offaly, all in the Peerage of Ireland;
Viscount Leinster of Taplow, co. Bucks, in the Peerage of Great Britain
and Baron Kildare of Kildare in the Peerage of the United Kingdom;
Premier Duke, Marquess, and Earl of Ireland.
Castle
A castle is a type of fortified structure built in Europe and the Middle East during the Middle Ages by European nobility. Scholars debate the scope of the word castle, but usually consider it to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble...
in Maynooth
Maynooth
Maynooth is a town in north County Kildare, Ireland. It is home to a branch of the National University of Ireland, a Papal University and Ireland's main Roman Catholic seminary, St. Patrick's College...
in County Kildare
County Kildare
County Kildare is a county in Ireland. It is part of the Mid-East Region and is also located in the province of Leinster. It is named after the town of Kildare. Kildare County Council is the local authority for the county...
. In later centuries the family owned estates in Waterford
County Waterford
*Abbeyside, Affane, Aglish, Annestown, An Rinn, Ardmore*Ballinacourty, Ballinameela, Ballinamult, Ballinroad, Ballybeg, Ballybricken, Ballyduff Lower, Ballyduff Upper, Ballydurn, Ballygunner, Ballylaneen, Ballymacarbry, Ballymacart, Ballynaneashagh, Ballysaggart, Ballytruckle, Bilberry, Bunmahon,...
with country residence being a Georgian house called Carton House
Carton House
Carton House was one of Ireland's greatest stately homes and one time ancestral seat of the Earls of Kildare and Dukes of Leinster. Located west of Dublin, in Maynooth, County Kildare, the Carton demesne runs to 1,100 acres . For two hundred years it possessed the finest example in Ireland of a...
which had replaced the castle in County Kildare. In Dublin, the Earl built a large townhouse residence on the southside of Dublin called Kildare House. When the Earl was awarded a dukedom and became Duke of Leinster, the house was renamed Leinster House
Leinster House
Leinster House is the name of the building housing the Oireachtas, the national parliament of Ireland.Leinster House was originally the ducal palace of the Dukes of Leinster. Since 1922, it is a complex of buildings, of which the former ducal palace is the core, which house Oireachtas Éireann, its...
. One of its occupants was Lord Edward FitzGerald
Lord Edward FitzGerald
Lord Edward FitzGerald was an Irish aristocrat and revolutionary. He was the fifth son of the 1st Duke of Leinster and the Duchess of Leinster , he was born at Carton House, near Dublin, and died of wounds received in resisting arrest on charge of treason.-Early years:FitzGerald spent most of his...
, who became an icon for Irish nationalism through his involvement with the Irish Rebellion of 1798
Irish Rebellion of 1798
The Irish Rebellion of 1798 , also known as the United Irishmen Rebellion , was an uprising in 1798, lasting several months, against British rule in Ireland...
, which ultimately cost him his life.
Leinster House was sold by the Leinsters in 1815. After nearly a century as the headquarters of the Royal Dublin Society
Royal Dublin Society
The Royal Dublin Society was founded on 25 June 1731 to "to promote and develop agriculture, arts, industry, and science in Ireland". The RDS is synonymous with its main premises in Ballsbridge in Dublin, Ireland...
, which held its famed Spring Show and Horse Show in its grounds, Oireachtas Éireann, the two chamber parliament
Parliament
A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modeled after that of the United Kingdom. The name is derived from the French , the action of parler : a parlement is a discussion. The term came to mean a meeting at which...
of the new Irish Free State
Irish Free State
The Irish Free State was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by the British government and Irish representatives exactly twelve months beforehand...
, rented Leinster House in 1922 to be its temporary parliament house. In 1924 it bought the building for parliamentary use. It has remained the parliament house of the Irish state
Republic of Ireland
Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...
.
The Dukes of Leinster had by the early 20th century lost all their property and wealth. Their Carton House seat was sold (though one of Ireland's most historic buildings with perfectly preserved 18th century grounds, it was controversially turned into a hotel and golf course in the late 1990s by the current owner in an act condemned by environmentalists), as later on was their other residence in Waterford. The family now live in a smaller property in Ramsden, Oxfordshire
Ramsden, Oxfordshire
Ramsden is a village and civil parish about north of Witney in West Oxfordshire.-History:The course of Akeman Street Roman Road linking Cirencester with London passes through the parish, bisecting the village. It is now part of the Wychwood Way long distance path...
.
A controversial claim by the supposed descendants of the 5th Duke (largely debunked by Michael Estorick in 1981) was made and failed, with the Lord Chancellor
Lord Chancellor
The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor, is a senior and important functionary in the government of the United Kingdom. He is the second highest ranking of the Great Officers of State, ranking only after the Lord High Steward. The Lord Chancellor is appointed by the Sovereign...
accepting the claim made by the 9th Duke of Leinster.
Earls of Kildare (1316)
- Other titles: Lord of OffalyBaron OffalyThere have been two creations of the title Baron Offaly, both in the Peerage of Ireland.Two earlier medieval creations as Baron of Offaly existed; for an earlier FitzGerald, who owned land in County Kildare, including what was then "Offelan", a word that derived from the Gaelic "Uí Faelain" and not...
(c. 1193–?)- John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of KildareJohn FitzGerald, 1st Earl of KildareJohn FitzThomas FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare was a Peer in the Peerage of Ireland.The eldest son of Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald and Rohesia de St...
(1250–1316), already 4th Lord of Offaly, was rewarded for serving Edward Longshanks, King of EnglandEdward I of EnglandEdward I , also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307. The first son of Henry III, Edward was involved early in the political intrigues of his father's reign, which included an outright rebellion by the English barons...
in ScotlandScotlandScotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the... - Thomas FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of KildareThomas FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of KildareThomas FitzJohn FitzGerald, 2nd Earl of Kildare, Lord Offaly was a noble in the Peerage of Ireland and Lord Justice of Ireland....
(d. 1328), younger (only surviving) son of the 1st Earl- John FitzGerald (1314–1323), eldest son of the 2nd Earl, died in childhood
- Richard FitzGerald, 3rd Earl of Kildare (1317–1329), second son of the 2nd Earl, died unmarried
- Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Earl of KildareMaurice FitzGerald, 4th Earl of KildareMaurice FitzThomas FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Kildare was a prominent Irish nobleman in the Peerage of Ireland and Lord Justice of Ireland....
(1318–1390), third and youngest son of the 2nd Earl - Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Earl of KildareGerald FitzGerald, 5th Earl of Kildare-Background:Kildare was the son of Maurice FitzGerald, 4th Earl of Kildare and Elizabeth Burghersh.-Family:Kildare married, firstly, Margaret Rocheford, daughter of Sir John Rocheford. Their children included: *Thomas FitzGerald....
(d. 1410), a son of the 4th Earl- The 5th Earl had sons, but they presumably predeceased him
- John FitzGerald, 6th Earl of Kildare (de jureDe jureDe jure is an expression that means "concerning law", as contrasted with de facto, which means "concerning fact".De jure = 'Legally', De facto = 'In fact'....
; d. 1427), a younger son of the 4th Earl - Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of KildareThomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of KildareThomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Kildare , was an Irish peer and Lord Chancellor of Ireland.-Background:Kildare was the son of John FitzGerald, de jure 6th Earl of Kildare, and Rose Basset.-Career:...
(d. 1478), son of the 6th Earl - Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of KildareGerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of KildareGerald Mór FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare, KG , known variously as "Garret the Great" or "The Great Earl" , was Ireland's premier peer...
(c. 1456–1513), eldest son of the 7th Earl - Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of KildareGerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of KildareGerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare , also known in Irish as Gearóid Óg , was a figure in Irish History. In 1513 he inherited the title of Earl of Kildare and position of Lord Deputy of Ireland from his father.-Family:...
(1487–1534), eldest son of the 8th Earl - Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of KildareThomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of KildareThomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare , also known as Silken Thomas , was a figure in Irish history.He spent a considerable part of his early life in England: his mother Elizabeth Zouche, was a cousin of Henry VII...
(d. 1537), "Silken Thomas", eldest son of the 9th Earl, led an insurrection in Ireland and his honours were forfeit, and he died unmarried
- John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare
- Other titles (11th–13th Earls): Earl of Kildare and Baron of Offaly (1554)
- Other title (presumed, at least 11th Earl): Lord Garratt
- Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of KildareGerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of KildareGerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare , also known as the "Wizard Earl" , was an Irish peer....
(1525–1585), second son of the 9th Earl, was given a new creation in 1554 then restored to his brother's honours in 1569- Gerald FitzGerald, Lord Garratt or OffalyThis Gerald FitzGerald is variously reported to have been called "Lord Offaly" or "Lord Garratt" (Garratt being a corruption of FitzGerald) (1559–1580), eldest son of the 11th Earl, predeceased his father without male issue
- Henry FitzGerald, 12th Earl of KildareHenry FitzGerald, 12th Earl of Kildare-Background:Kildare was the son of Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare and Mabel Browne.-Military career:Nicknamed Henry "na Tuagh", or Henry "of the Battleaxes", he fought against the Spanish invaders in Ireland in 1588...
(1562–1597), second son of the 11th Earl, died without male issue - William FitzGerald, 13th Earl of Kildare (d. 1599), third and youngest son of the 11th Earl, died unmarried
- Gerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of KildareGerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of KildareGerald FitzGerald, 14th Earl of Kildare was an Irish peer.-Background:Kildare was the son of Edward FitzGerald, younger son of Gerald FitzGerald, 9th Earl of Kildare...
(d. 1612), elder son of Edward, himself third and youngest son of the 9th Earl - Gerald FitzGerald, 15th Earl of Kildare (1611–1620), only son of the 14th Earl, died in childhood
- George FitzGerald, 16th Earl of KildareGeorge FitzGerald, 16th Earl of KildareGeorge FitzGerald, 16th Earl of Kildare was known as the "Fairy Earl", apparently for no other reason than that his portrait, still extant, was painted on a small scale." He was the son of Thomas FitzGerald and Frances Randolph and grandson of Edward FitzGerald and Agnes Leigh.-Family:He...
(1612–1660), a son of Thomas, himself younger brother of the 14th Earl - Wentworth FitzGerald, 17th Earl of KildareWentworth FitzGerald, 17th Earl of KildareWentworth FitzGerald, 17th Earl of Kildare PC , styled Lord Offaly until 1660, was an Irish peer.-Background:...
(1634–1664), elder son of the 16th Earl - John FitzGerald, 18th Earl of KildareJohn FitzGerald, 18th Earl of KildareJohn FitzGerald, 18th Earl of Kildare , styled Lord Offaly until 1664, was an Irish peer.-Background:Kildare was the son of Wentworth FitzGerald, 17th Earl of Kildare and Lady Elizabeth, daughter of John Holles, 2nd Earl of Clare...
(1661–1707), only son of the 17th Earl, died without surviving issue- Henry FitzGerald, Lord Offaly (1683–1684), only son of the 18th Earl, died in infancy
- Robert FitzGerald, 19th Earl of KildareRobert FitzGerald, 19th Earl of KildareRobert FitzGerald, 19th Earl of Kildare PC , known as Robert FitzGerald until 1707, was an Irish peer.-Background:...
(1675–1744), only son of Robert, himself younger son of the 16th Earl
- Gerald FitzGerald, 11th Earl of Kildare
- Other titles (20th Earl): Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747)
- James FitzGerald, 20th Earl of KildareJames FitzGerald, 1st Duke of LeinsterLieutenant-General James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster, etc. PC , styled Lord Offaly until 1744 and known as The Earl of Kildare between 1744 and 1761 and as The Marquess of Kildare between 1761 and 1766, was an Irish nobleman, soldier and politician.-Background:Leinster was the son of Robert...
(1722–1773) was created Marquess of Kildare in 1761
- James FitzGerald, 20th Earl of Kildare
Marquesses of Kildare (1761)
- Other titles: Earl of Kildare (1316), Earl of Offaly (1761), Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747) and Lord of OffalyBaron OffalyThere have been two creations of the title Baron Offaly, both in the Peerage of Ireland.Two earlier medieval creations as Baron of Offaly existed; for an earlier FitzGerald, who owned land in County Kildare, including what was then "Offelan", a word that derived from the Gaelic "Uí Faelain" and not...
(c. 1193–?)- James FitzGerald, 1st Marquess of KildareJames FitzGerald, 1st Duke of LeinsterLieutenant-General James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster, etc. PC , styled Lord Offaly until 1744 and known as The Earl of Kildare between 1744 and 1761 and as The Marquess of Kildare between 1761 and 1766, was an Irish nobleman, soldier and politician.-Background:Leinster was the son of Robert...
(1722–1773) was created Duke of Leinster in 1766- George FitzGerald, Earl of Offaly (1748–1765), eldest son of the 1st Marquess
- James FitzGerald, 1st Marquess of Kildare
Dukes of Leinster, second Creation (1766)
- Other titles: Marquesse of Kildare (1761), Earl of Kildare (1316), Earl of Offaly (1761), Viscount Leinster, of Taplow in the County of Buckingham (GB 1747) and Lord of OffalyBaron OffalyThere have been two creations of the title Baron Offaly, both in the Peerage of Ireland.Two earlier medieval creations as Baron of Offaly existed; for an earlier FitzGerald, who owned land in County Kildare, including what was then "Offelan", a word that derived from the Gaelic "Uí Faelain" and not...
(c. 1193–?)- James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of LeinsterJames FitzGerald, 1st Duke of LeinsterLieutenant-General James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster, etc. PC , styled Lord Offaly until 1744 and known as The Earl of Kildare between 1744 and 1761 and as The Marquess of Kildare between 1761 and 1766, was an Irish nobleman, soldier and politician.-Background:Leinster was the son of Robert...
(1722–1773), elder son of the 19th Earl - William FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of LeinsterWilliam FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of LeinsterWilliam Robert FitzGerald, 2nd Duke of Leinster, etc. KP, PC was an Irish liberal politician and landowner. He was born in London.-Career:...
(1749–1804), second son of the 1st Duke- George FitzGerald, Marquess of Kildare (1783–1784), eldest son of the 2nd Duke, died in infancy
- Augustus FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of LeinsterAugustus FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of LeinsterAugustus Frederick FitzGerald, 3rd Duke of Leinster, etc., PC, PC was an Irish peer and freemason, styled Marquess of Kildare from birth until 1804. He was born and died in Carton....
(1791–1874), second son of the 2nd Duke
- James FitzGerald, 1st Duke of Leinster
- Other titles (4th Duke onwards): Baron Kildare (UK 1870)
- Charles FitzGerald, 4th Duke of LeinsterCharles FitzGerald, 4th Duke of LeinsterCharles William FitzGerald, 4th Duke of Leinster PC , styled Marquess of Kildare until 1874, was an Irish peer and politician.-Background:...
(1819–1887), eldest son of the 3rd Duke - Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Duke of LeinsterGerald FitzGerald, 5th Duke of LeinsterGerald FitzGerald, 5th Duke of Leinster was an Irish peer.Leinster was born in Dublin, Ireland, the son of Charles FitzGerald, 4th Duke of Leinster and Lady Caroline Sutherland-Leveson-Gower...
(1851–1893), eldest son of the 4th Duke - Maurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of LeinsterMaurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of LeinsterMaurice FitzGerald, 6th Duke of Leinster, etc. was the eldest son of Gerald FitzGerald, 5th Duke of Leinster and Lady Hermione Wilhelmina Duncombe....
(1887–1922), eldest son of the 5th Duke, died unmarried - Edward FitzGerald, 7th Duke of LeinsterEdward FitzGerald, 7th Duke of LeinsterEdward FitzGerald, 7th Duke of Leinster, etc. , known as Lord Edward FitzGerald before 1922 was Ireland's Premier Peer of the Realm.-Life:...
(1892–1976), third and youngest son of the 5th Duke - Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Duke of LeinsterGerald FitzGerald, 8th Duke of Leinsterthumb|right|200px|Portrait by [[Allan Warren]]Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Duke of Leinster was an Irish nobleman.-Biography:The 8th Duke of Leinster was the first son of the 7th Duke by his first wife May Etheridge...
(1914–2004), only legitimate son of the 7th Duke - Maurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of LeinsterMaurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of LeinsterMaurice FitzGerald, 9th Duke of Leinster , styled Earl of Offaly before 1976 and Marquess of Kildare between 1976 and 2004, is an Irish nobleman. The Duke is the highest ranking member of the Peerage of Ireland....
(b. 1948), elder son of the 8th Duke- Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of OffalyThomas FitzGerald, Earl of OffalyThomas FitzGerald, Earl of Offaly was the only son of Maurice FitzGerald, Marquess of Kildare ....
(1974–1997), only son of the 9th Duke, died unmarried in a road traffic collision
- Thomas FitzGerald, Earl of Offaly
- Charles FitzGerald, 4th Duke of Leinster
The heir presumptive
Heir Presumptive
An heir presumptive or heiress presumptive is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honour, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an heir or heiress apparent or of a new heir presumptive with a better claim to the position in question...
is the 8th Duke's younger son Lord John FitzGerald
Lord John FitzGerald
Captain Lord John FitzGerald is a British soldier and member of the Kildare branch of the FitzGerald dynasty. He was educated at Millfield and studied at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst...
(b. 1952)
Line of succession
- Lord John FitzGeraldLord John FitzGeraldCaptain Lord John FitzGerald is a British soldier and member of the Kildare branch of the FitzGerald dynasty. He was educated at Millfield and studied at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst...
(b. 1952) (younger son of the 8th Duke) - Edward FitzGerald (b. 1988) (only son of Lord John)
- Peter Charles FitzGerald (b. 1925) (grandson of Lord Charles FitzGerald, fifth son of the 4th Duke)
- Stephen Peter FitzGerald (b. 1953) (only son of Peter FitzGerald)
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of the Dukes of Leinster derives from the legend that John FitzGerald, 1st Earl of KildareJohn FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare
John FitzThomas FitzGerald, 1st Earl of Kildare was a Peer in the Peerage of Ireland.The eldest son of Thomas FitzMaurice FitzGerald and Rohesia de St...
, as a baby in Woodstock Castle, was trapped in a fire when a monkey rescued him. The FitzGeralds then adopted a monkey as their crest (and later supporters) and occasionally use the additional motto Non immemor beneficii (Not forgetful of a helping hand). The motto "Crom A Boo" comes from the medieval Croom Castle
Croom Castle
Croom or Crom Castle, also called the Castle of Crom, is an historic castle in the town of Croom, County Limerick, that is notable for its occupation as one of the principal residences of the Kildare branch of the FitzGerald dynasty. Their ancient war cry and motto "Crom a Boo", or in Irish "Crom...
and "Abu", meaning "up" in Irish; Crom Abu was the FitzGeralds' medieval warcry. Crom (Croom) and Shanet (Shanid) were two castles about 16 miles apart in Co Limerick, one being the seat of the Geraldines of Kildare, and the other that of the Geraldines of Desmond, whose distinctive war cries were accordingly “Crom-a-boo” and “Shanet-a-boo.” In 1495 an act of Parliament was passed (10 Hen. VII. C. 20) “to abolish the words Crom-a-boo and Butler-a-boo.” The word “Abu” or “Aboo,” an exclamation of defiance, was the usual termination of the war cries in Ireland, as in a' buaidh, "to victory!"
- Arms: ArgentArgentIn heraldry, argent is the tincture of silver, and belongs to the class of light tinctures, called "metals". It is very frequently depicted as white and usually considered interchangeable with it...
a saltireSaltireA saltire, or Saint Andrew's Cross, is a heraldic symbol in the form of a diagonal cross or letter ex . Saint Andrew is said to have been martyred on such a cross....
gulesGulesIn heraldry, gules is the tincture with the colour red, and belongs to the class of dark tinctures called "colours". In engraving, it is sometimes depicted as a region of vertical lines or else marked with gu. as an abbreviation....
. - Crest: A monkeyMonkeyA monkey is a primate, either an Old World monkey or a New World monkey. There are about 260 known living species of monkey. Many are arboreal, although there are species that live primarily on the ground, such as baboons. Monkeys are generally considered to be intelligent. Unlike apes, monkeys...
statant proper environed about the middle with a plain collar and chained orOr (heraldry)In heraldry, Or is the tincture of gold and, together with argent , belongs to the class of light tinctures called "metals". In engravings and line drawings, it may be represented using a field of evenly spaced dots...
. - Supporters: Two monkeys, environed and chained as in the crest.
- Motto: Crom a boo (Now it would be spelt "Crom Abu". In English, "Up Croom", or "Croom to victory."
Further reading
- Estorick, Michael. Heirs & Graces: the Claim to the Dukedom of Leinster. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1981.
- Fitzgerald, Alan John, Barons,Rebels & Romantics: the Fitzgeralds First Thousand Years. 1stBooks Library, 2004
See also
- Irish nobilityIrish nobilityThis article concerns the Gaelic nobility of Ireland from ancient to modern times. It only partly overlaps with Chiefs of the Name because it excludes Scotland and other discussion...
- Baron OffalyBaron OffalyThere have been two creations of the title Baron Offaly, both in the Peerage of Ireland.Two earlier medieval creations as Baron of Offaly existed; for an earlier FitzGerald, who owned land in County Kildare, including what was then "Offelan", a word that derived from the Gaelic "Uí Faelain" and not...
- Baron Lecale
- Baron RayleighBaron RayleighBaron Rayleigh, of Terling Place in the County of Essex, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1821 for Lady Charlotte Strutt, wife of Colonel Joseph Strutt, Member of Parliament for Maldon and a member of an Essex family that had made its fortune in the milling business...
- Baron de RosBaron de RosThe title of Baron de Ros of Helmsley is the most ancient baronial title in the Peerage of England. The title of Baron de Ros of Helmsley is the most ancient baronial title in the Peerage of England. The title of Baron de Ros of Helmsley is the most ancient baronial title in the Peerage of England....