Daniel 7 is the seventh chapter of the Book of Daniel

Book of Daniel

The Book of Daniel is a book in the Hebrew Bible. The book tells of how Daniel, and his Judean companions, were inducted into Babylon during Jewish exile, and how their positions elevated in the court of Nebuchadnezzar. The court tales span events that occur during the reigns of Nebuchadnezzar,...

 in the Hebrew Bible

Hebrew Bible

The Hebrew Bible is a term used by biblical scholars outside of Judaism to refer to the Tanakh , a canonical collection of Jewish texts, and the common textual antecedent of the several canonical editions of the Christian Old Testament...

. It is the last chapter written in Aramaic before it continues again in the Hebraic Masoretic text

Masoretic Text

The Masoretic Text is the authoritative Hebrew text of the Jewish Bible and is regarded as Judaism's official version of the Tanakh. While the Masoretic Text defines the books of the Jewish canon, it also defines the precise letter-text of these biblical books, with their vocalization and...

 of the next chapter. This chapter begins the first series of apocalyptic visions that Daniel

Daniel

Daniel is the protagonist in the Book of Daniel of the Hebrew Bible. In the narrative, when Daniel was a young man, he was taken into Babylonian captivity where he was educated in Chaldean thought. However, he never converted to Neo-Babylonian ways...

 receives and is given cryptic interpretations for a portion of them.

The chapter includes visions that Daniel receives of four beasts

Four monarchies

The four kingdoms refers to four monarchies, or world empires, described in dreams and visions in the Book of Daniel of the Hebrew Bible. The actual term "four kingdoms" occurs once, found in Daniel 8:22. These four kingdoms are described in different ways throughout Daniel, beginning with chapter...

 coming out of the sea, as well as a vision of "one like the Son of Man

Son of man

The phrase son of man is a primarily Semitic idiom that originated in Ancient Mesopotamia, used to denote humanity or self. The phrase is also used in Judaism and Christianity. The phrase used in the Greek, translated as Son of man is ὁ υἱὸς τοὺ ἀνθρώπου...

" coming up to the Ancient of Days

Ancient of Days

Ancient of Days is a name for God in Aramaic: Atik Yomin; in the Greek Septuagint: Palaios Hemeron; and in the Vulgate: Antiquus Dierum....

. Some interpretation of these visions is given to Daniel, but no beast is clearly identified with any specific kingdom. However, some Christian theologians since the second century have connected the eagle winged lion with Nebuchadnezzar's Babylonia, a matter still open to considerable debate. One traditional interpretation of these four beasts is that, in order from first to last, they are Neo-Babylonian Empire

Neo-Babylonian Empire

The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 626 BC and ended in 539 BC. During the preceding three centuries, Babylonia had been ruled by their fellow Akkadian speakers and northern neighbours, Assyria. Throughout that time Babylonia...

, followed by Achaemenid Empire

Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire , sometimes known as First Persian Empire and/or Persian Empire, was founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great who overthrew the Median confederation...

 (which was made up of Medes and Persia, with one being stronger than the other), then the Macedonian Empire and the Roman Empire

Roman Empire

The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....

.

Medieval Christian writers, especially in Apocalyptic accounts, often identified the beasts with later empires, closer to their own times, believing that Daniel's prophecy had yet to be fulfilled; the rapid rise of the Islamic Caliphate

Caliphate

The term caliphate, "dominion of a caliph " , refers to the first system of government established in Islam and represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah...

 in and around traditionally Christian lands made its identification with the last beast attractive.

Literary structure

Arthur Ferch points out that the vision forms a chiasm

Chiastic structure

Chiastic structure is a literary device for chiasmus applied to narrative motifs, turns of phrase, or whole passages. Various structures of chiasmus are commonly seen in ancient literature to emphasize, parallel, or contrast concepts or ideas...

:

A. First 3 beasts (4-6)

B. Fourth beast (7)

C. Little horn (8)

D. The Judgment (9, 10)

C'. Little horn (11a)

B'. Fourth beast (11b)

A'. First 3 beasts (12)

Vision

Daniel's first vision is that of four beasts and he asks for an interpretation of them. He is told that the four beasts represent Four monarchies to appear on Earth. Unlike Chapter 2, only the latter half of this vision, beginning with the fourth beast, is given a textual interpretation.

Beast like a lion

The first beast is like a lion with eagle’s wings, in which they are torn off. It is then standing on two feet and given a man’s heart.

Beast like a bear

The second beast is like a bear, raised up on one side, and has three ribs in its teeth. He is told to gorge himself on flesh.

Beast like a leopard

The third Beast is like a leopard with four wings and four heads is given authority to rule.

Fourth beast

The fourth beast is a terrifying, powerful beast, unlike any other, crushes and devours the whole earth with its iron teeth—trampling it down.

Vision
7 After that, in my vision at night I looked, and there before me was a fourth beast—terrifying and frightening and very powerful. It had large iron teeth; it crushed and devoured its victims and trampled underfoot whatever was left. It was different from all the former beasts, and it had ten horns.

Textual interpretation

23 The fourth beast is a fourth kingdom that will appear on earth. It will be different from all the other kingdoms and will devour the whole earth, trampling it down and crushing it. 24 The ten horns are ten kings who will come from this kingdom.

Little horn

8 While I was thinking about the horns, there before me was another horn, a little one, which came up among them; and three of the first horns were uprooted before it. This horn had eyes like the eyes of a man and a mouth that spoke boastfully.

After them another king will arise, different from the earlier ones; he will subdue three kings. 25 He will speak against the Most High and oppress his saints and try to change the set times and the laws. The saints will be handed over to him for a time, times and half a time.

Divine judgment

9 As I looked, thrones were set in place, and the Ancient of Days took his seat. His clothing was as white as snow; the hair of his head was white like wool. His throne was flaming with fire, and its wheels were all ablaze. 10 A river of fire was flowing, coming out from before him. Thousands upon thousands attended him;ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him. The court was seated, and the books were opened.

26 But the court will sit,

Execution of judgment

11 "Then I continued to watch because of the boastful words the horn was speaking. I kept looking until the beast was slain and its body destroyed and thrown into the blazing fire. 12 (The other beasts had been stripped of their authority, but were allowed to live for a period of time.)

and his power will be taken away and completely destroyed forever.

Final kingdom

13 "In my vision at night I looked, and there before me was one like a son of man, coming with the clouds of heaven. He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into his presence. 14 He was given authority, glory and sovereign power; all peoples, nations and men of every language worshiped him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom is one that will never be destroyed.

27 Then the sovereignty, power and greatness of the kingdoms under the whole heaven will be handed over to the saints, the people of the Most High. His kingdom will be an everlasting kingdom, and all rulers will worship and obey him.

Parallels with Daniel 11

Just as scholars and theologians since the 2nd Century have considered the visions of Chapter 2 and Chapter 7 parallel, so too, Chapter 8 and Chapter 11 were considered parallel with the other two.

Chapter 7	Chapter 11
Little horn:	Contemptible person: (Antiochus Epiphanes who was called Epimanes/madman):
tyle="background: #e6e9ff;"|He was preceded by 10 kings	tyle="background: #e6e9ff;"|He was preceded by 10 kings to the Seleucid throne
tyle="background: #e6e9ff;"|He will speak against the Most High	tyle="background: #e6e9ff;"|He will exalt and magnify himself above every god He will say unheard-of things against the God of gods
tyle="background: #e6e9ff;" |He will oppress the saints	tyle="background: #e6e9ff;" |He will vent his fury against the holy covenant The Godly and wise people who resist him, will fall by the sword or be burned or captured or plundered.
tyle="background: #e6e9ff;"|He will try to change the set times and the laws	tyle="background: #e6e9ff;"|He will vent his fury against the holy covenant He will return and show favor to those who forsake the holy covenant
tyle="background: #e6e9ff;"|He will subdue three kings	tyle="background: #e6e9ff;"|He will seize the kingdom through intrigue
tyle="background: #e6e9ff;"|He looked more imposing than the others	tyle="background: #e6e9ff;"|He will achieve what neither his fathers nor his forefathers did
tyle="background: #e6e9ff;"|The saints will be handed over to him for a time, times and half a time	tyle="background: #e6e9ff;"|It shall be for a time, times, and a half; and when he shall have accomplished to scatter the power of the holy people, all these things shall be finished
tyle="background: #e6e9ff;"|He is the last king before the end of time	tyle="background: #e6e9ff;"|He is the last king before the end of time or persecution

Contemporary views

There is general agreement among modern scholars that the four beasts represent Babylonia

Neo-Babylonian Empire

The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 626 BC and ended in 539 BC. During the preceding three centuries, Babylonia had been ruled by their fellow Akkadian speakers and northern neighbours, Assyria. Throughout that time Babylonia...

, Medes

Medes

The MedesThe Medes...

, Persia

Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire , sometimes known as First Persian Empire and/or Persian Empire, was founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great who overthrew the Median confederation...

, and Alexander's Greek empire. The ten horns represent the kings from Alexander on through the Seleucid kingdom:

1. Alexander the Great
2. Seleucus I Nicator
   Seleucus I Nicator
   Seleucus I was a Macedonian officer of Alexander the Great and one of the Diadochi. In the Wars of the Diadochi that took place after Alexander's death, Seleucus established the Seleucid dynasty and the Seleucid Empire...
   
   ,
3. Antiochus I Soter
   Antiochus I Soter
   Antiochus I Soter , was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. He reigned from 281 BC - 261 BC....
   
   ,
4. Antiochus II Theos
   Antiochus II Theos
   Antiochus II Theos was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom who reigned 261 BC – 246 BC). He succeeded his father Antiochus I Soter in the winter of 262–61 BC...
   
   ,
5. Seleucus II Callinicus
   Seleucus II Callinicus
   Seleucus II Callinicus or Pogon , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, who reigned from 246 to 225 BC...
   
   ,
6. Seleucus III Ceraunus
   Seleucus III Ceraunus
   Seleucus III Soter, called Seleucus Ceraunus , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom, the eldest son of Seleucus II Callinicus and Laodice II. His birth name was Alexander and was named after his great uncle the Seleucid official Alexander...
   
   ,
7. Antiochus III the Great
   Antiochus III the Great
   Antiochus III the Great Seleucid Greek king who became the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire as a youth of about eighteen in 223 BC. Antiochus was an ambitious ruler who ruled over Greater Syria and western Asia towards the end of the 3rd century BC...
   
   ,
8. Seleucus IV Philopator
   Seleucus IV Philopator
   Seleucus IV Philopator , ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, reigned from 187 BC to 175 BC over a realm consisting of Syria , Mesopotamia, Babylonia and Nearer Iran . He was the second son and successor of Antiochus III the Great and Laodice III...
   
   , (assassinated by the following)
9. Heliodorus
   Heliodorus (minister)
   Heliodorus was a minister of Seleucus IV Philopator ca. [187 BC - 175 BC]. According to some sources he is said to have assassinated Seleucus.-Biblical background:...
   
   ,
10. Seleucus IV’s infant son Antiochus (puppet for Heliodorus).

The last three "horns" had to fall to make way for the "little horn" Antiochus IV Epiphanes and his arrival on the throne, effectively by usurpation. is a reference to the persecutions of Antiochus, his suppression of the Jewish religion

Judaism

Judaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...

, and his attempt to force the Jews to adopt the Greek customs

Hellenization

Hellenization is a term used to describe the spread of ancient Greek culture, and, to a lesser extent, language. It is mainly used to describe the spread of Hellenistic civilization during the Hellenistic period following the campaigns of Alexander the Great of Macedon...

.

Historicist views

Just as scholars note parallels between the prophetic chapters, so too have historicists since the Protestant Reformation

Protestant Reformation

The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...

. "The Reformation ... was really born of a twofold discovery--first, the rediscovery of Christ and His salvation; and second, the discovery of the identity of Antichrist and his subversions." "The reformers were unanimous in its acceptance. And it was this interpretation of prophecy that lent emphasis to their reformatory action. It led them to protest against Rome with extraordinary strength and undaunted courage. ... This was the rallying point and the battle cry that made the Reformation unconquerable." The following is a historicist-based illustration of the parallels.

Chapter	Parallel sequence of prophetic elements as understood by Historicists
	Past				Present	Future
Daniel 2	Head Gold (Babylon)	Chest & 2 arms Silver	Belly and thighs Bronze	2 Legs Iron	2 Feet with toes Clay & Iron	Rock God's unending kingdom left to no other people
Daniel 7	Winged Lion	Lopsided Bear	4 Headed/4 Winged Leopard	Iron toothed beast w/Little Horn	Judgment scene Beast slain	A son of man comes in clouds Given everlasting dominion He gives it to the saints.

Concerning the "little horn", interpreters of the Historicist school

Historicism (Christian eschatology)

Historicism is a method of interpretation, in Christian eschatology, by associating biblical prophecies with actual historical events as well as identifying symbolic beings with historical persons or societies. In prophetic theology, the main texts of interest are apocalyptic literature such as the...

 (e.g. Adventist

Adventist

Adventism is a Christian movement which began in the 19th century, in the context of the Second Great Awakening revival in the United States. The name refers to belief in the imminent Second Coming of Jesus Christ. It was started by William Miller, whose followers became known as Millerites...

) identify the "little horn" as Papal Rome that came to power among the 10 Barbarians tribes (the 10 horns) that had broken up the Pagan Roman empire. The reference to changing "times and law" (Daniel 7:25) refers to the change of the Sabbath from Saturday to Sunday. The "time, times and half a time" (Daniel 7:25) was the 1260 years spanning 538 CE and 1798 CE, when the Roman Church dominated the Christian world. (See Day-year principle

Day-year principle

The day-year principle, year-day principle or year-for-a-day principle is a method of interpretation of Bible prophecy in which the word day in apocalyptic prophecy is symbolic for a year of actual time. It is used principally by the historicist school of prophetic interpretation...

 for details)
However there are various groups who disagree with this interpretation of the fourth beast because the Roman Empire did not desecrate the Temple but simply destroyed it. Recently this interpretation is attributed to Islam because of its long domination over the Holy Mountain and because Islam proclaims throughout all Middle east celebration of Friday as day of rest and also is based on a different lunar calendar.
Interpretation of the fourth beast is a very delicate subject since Daniel suggests that each beast conquered and subdued all territories of the previous beast... The fact that Daniel mentioned this beast "different" than other three is what gave scholars to substitute the meaning of it towards a "religious" power .. The entire vision and prophecy is from the start about what military empire will dominate the world. Rome today is not a superpower that dominates the territories of the previous Alexandrian Empire. Rome today does not dominate the middle east. The Roman Empire did occupied all the territories of the previous Greek empire and this contradicts exactly the next chapter of Daniel where it is written that the horn of Antichrist is one of the four kingdoms which the Greek empire was broke later. Since a fourth part of the Greek empire can not be greater than the Greek empire itself,then the attribution of Rome as the fourth beast is counted as error. Another important point that contradicts this interpretation is the fact that the capital of the Roman Empire was not Rome but Constantinopole.

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke

Adam Clarke was a British Methodist theologian and Biblical scholar, born in the townland of Moybeg Kirley near Tobermore in Ireland...

's commentary written in 1836 supports the interpretation that the little horn is Papal Rome by this comment "Among Protestant writers this is considered to be the popedom."

Futurist views

In the Futurist view

Futurism (Christian eschatology)

Futurism is a Christian eschatological view that interprets the Book of Revelation, the Book of Daniel, the Olivet discourse and the parable of the Sheep and the Goats as future events in a literal, physical, apocalyptic, and global context...

, the "little horn" is identified as the future antichrist who will rise to power through the "revived Roman Empire"(the fourth beast). The "time, times and half a time" (Daniel 7:25) is taken as a literal 3½ year period corresponding to the last half of the 7 year tribulation

Tribulation

The Great Tribulation refers to tumultuous events that are described during the "signs of the times", first mentioned by Jesus in the Olivet discourse...

 within the 70th week of Daniel 9:24-27.

See also

• 1260 day prophecy
• Abomination of desolation
  Abomination of Desolation
  The abomination of desolation is a term found in the Hebrew Bible, in the book of Daniel. It also occurs in the book of 1 Maccabees and in the New Testament gospels....
  
  
• 1 Maccabees
  1 Maccabees
  The First book of Maccabees is a book written in Hebrew by a Jewish author after the restoration of an independent Jewish kingdom, about the latter part of the 2nd century BC. The original Hebrew is lost and the most important surviving version is the Greek translation contained in the Septuagint...
  
  
• 2 Maccabees
  2 Maccabees
  2 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book of the Bible, which focuses on the Jews' revolt against Antiochus IV Epiphanes and concludes with the defeat of the Syrian general Nicanor in 161 BC by Judas Maccabeus, the hero of the work....
  
  
• Antinomianism
  Antinomianism
  Antinomianism is defined as holding that, under the gospel dispensation of grace, moral law is of no use or obligation because faith alone is necessary to salvation....
  
  

Appendix

Over the centuries Bible Scholars have identified specific kingdoms as fulfillment of the beast and horn symbols as illustrated in the following table.

Prophecy of Beasts in Daniel 7
Biblical Expositors of the Early Church Period: 100-457 AD
		4 Beasts	10 Horns	3 horns	Little Horn	3 1/2 Times	Judgment Kgdm. of God
Josephus Josephus Titus Flavius Josephus , also called Joseph ben Matityahu , was a 1st-century Romano-Jewish historian and hagiographer of priestly and royal ancestry who recorded Jewish history, with special emphasis on the 1st century AD and the First Jewish–Roman War, which resulted in the Destruction of...	c. 100	Rome = 4th
Yochanan ben Zakai Yochanan ben Zakai Johanan ben Zakai , also known as Johanan B. Zakkai was one of the tannaim, an important Jewish sage in the era of the Second Temple, and a primary contributor to the core text of Rabbinical Judaism, the Mishnah. He is widely regarded as one of the most important Jewish figures of his time...	1st cent.	Rome = 4th
Barnabas Barnabas Barnabas , born Joseph, was an Early Christian, one of the earliest Christian disciples in Jerusalem. In terms of culture and background, he was a Hellenised Jew, specifically a Levite. Named an apostle in , he and Saint Paul undertook missionary journeys together and defended Gentile converts...	c. 150	[BPG]R	Coming Kgdms.	3 Uprooted	"Black one"
Second Esdras	[c. 150]	[BPGR]
Justin Martyr Justin Martyr Justin Martyr, also known as just Saint Justin , was an early Christian apologist. Most of his works are lost, but two apologies and a dialogue survive. He is considered a saint by the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church....	c. 165	[BPGR]	(Prophecy	ends in 2nd	Advent)	Very Short	2nd Advent
Sibyllines	3rd cent.	BPGR
Irenaeus Irenaeus Saint Irenaeus , was Bishop of Lugdunum in Gaul, then a part of the Roman Empire . He was an early church father and apologist, and his writings were formative in the early development of Christian theology...	c. 202	BPGR	10 kgdms.	3 Supplanted	Antichrist	3 1/2 Years	2nd Advent
Hippolytus	d. 238	BPGR	10 Divisions	3 Kgdms.	Antichrist	Literal	Kgdm. of Saints
Tertullian Tertullian Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus, anglicised as Tertullian , was a prolific early Christian author from Carthage in the Roman province of Africa. He is the first Christian author to produce an extensive corpus of Latin Christian literature. He also was a notable early Christian apologist and...	c. 240	[BPGR]	10 Kgdms.	[Spans period	between	Advents]	Coming Kgdm.
Origen Origen Origen , or Origen Adamantius, 184/5–253/4, was an early Christian Alexandrian scholar and theologian, and one of the most distinguished writers of the early Church. As early as the fourth century, his orthodoxy was suspect, in part because he believed in the pre-existence of souls...	c. 254	[Allegorizes	all Prophecies]		[Filled with	Enigmas &	Dark Sayings]
Cyprian Cyprian Cyprian was bishop of Carthage and an important Early Christian writer, many of whose Latin works are extant. He was born around the beginning of the 3rd century in North Africa, perhaps at Carthage, where he received a classical education...	c. 258				Antiochus - Type
Porphyry Porphyry (philosopher) Porphyry of Tyre , Porphyrios, AD 234–c. 305) was a Neoplatonic philosopher who was born in Tyre. He edited and published the Enneads, the only collection of the work of his teacher Plotinus. He also wrote many works himself on a wide variety of topics...	c. 304	3=Alex. 4=Ptol.& Seluc.			Antiochus
Victorinus Victorinus Marcus Piavonius Victorinus was emperor of the secessionist Gallic Empire from 269 to 271, following the brief reign of Marius. He was murdered by a jealous husband whose wife he tried to seduce.-Reign:...	c. 304	[BPGR]	10 Divisions	3 Kgdms.	Antichrist
First Council of Nicaea First Council of Nicaea The First Council of Nicaea was a council of Christian bishops convened in Nicaea in Bithynia by the Roman Emperor Constantine I in AD 325...	325	[BPGR]	[After	Gelasius]			At Advent
Lactantius Lactantius Lucius Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius was an early Christian author who became an advisor to the first Christian Roman emperor, Constantine I, guiding his religious policy as it developed, and tutor to his son.-Biography:...	c. 330	[BPGR]	10 Kgdms.	3 Destroyed	Antichrist	42 months	Kgdm. Saints
Eusebius of Caesarea Eusebius of Caesarea Eusebius of Caesarea also called Eusebius Pamphili, was a Roman historian, exegete and Christian polemicist. He became the Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine about the year 314. Together with Pamphilus, he was a scholar of the Biblical canon...	c. 340	BPGR	10 Kgdms	3 Destroyed			At 2nd Advent
Eusebius [Later Views]	c. 340						Present Church
Aphrahat Aphrahat Aphrahat was a Syriac-Christian author of the 4th century from the Adiabene region of Northern Mesopotamia, which was within the Persian Empire, who composed a series of twenty-three expositions or homilies on points of Christian doctrine and practice...	c. 350	BPGR	Selucids			10.5 years	At 2nd Adv.
Hilary of Poitiers Hilary of Poitiers Hilary of Poitiers was Bishop of Poitiers and is a Doctor of the Church. He was sometimes referred to as the "Hammer of the Arians" and the "Athanasius of the West." His name comes from the Latin word for happy or cheerful. His optional memorial in the Roman Catholic calendar of saints is 13...	368						Future
Athanasius	373	[BPGR]	[10 Kgdms.]	3 Kgdms.	Antichrist		At 2nd Advent
Ephrem the Syrian Ephrem the Syrian Ephrem the Syrian was a Syriac and a prolific Syriac-language hymnographer and theologian of the 4th century. He is venerated by Christians throughout the world, and especially in the Syriac Orthodox Church, as a saint.Ephrem wrote a wide variety of hymns, poems, and sermons in verse, as well as...	373	[BPG]-P&S			Antiochus
Cyril of Alexandria Cyril of Alexandria Cyril of Alexandria was the Patriarch of Alexandria from 412 to 444. He came to power when the city was at its height of influence and power within the Roman Empire. Cyril wrote extensively and was a leading protagonist in the Christological controversies of the later 4th and 5th centuries...	386	BPGR	Divisions	3 Kgdms.	Antichrist	3 1/2 Years	At 2nd Advent
John Chrysostom John Chrysostom John Chrysostom , Archbishop of Constantinople, was an important Early Church Father. He is known for his eloquence in preaching and public speaking, his denunciation of abuse of authority by both ecclesiastical and political leaders, the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, and his ascetic...	407	BPGR			Antichrist		2nd Advent
Jerome Jerome Saint Jerome was a Roman Christian priest, confessor, theologian and historian, and who became a Doctor of the Church. He was the son of Eusebius, of the city of Stridon, which was on the border of Dalmatia and Pannonia...	420	BPGR	10 Named	3 Uprooted	Antichrist	3 1/2 Years	Judgment = 2nd Advent
Polychronius	430	BP-Alex.			Antiochus
Isidore of Pelusium Isidore of Pelusium Isidore of Pelusium was born in Egypt to a prominent Alexandrian family. He became an ascetic, and moved to a mountain near the city of Pelusium, in the tradition of the Desert Fathers....	450	BPGR
Theodoret Theodoret Theodoret of Cyrus or Cyrrhus was an influential author, theologian, and Christian bishop of Cyrrhus, Syria . He played a pivotal role in many early Byzantine church controversies that led to various ecumenical acts and schisms...	457	BPGR	Contemporary	3 Subdued	Antichrist	3 1/2 years	At 2nd Adv.
Biblical Expositors of the Early Medieval Period: 400-1200 AD
		4 Beasts	10 Horns	3 horns	Little Horn	3 1/2 Times	Judgment Kgdm. of God
Augustine	d. 430	BPGR	Kgdms.		Antichrist	3 1/2 Years	Eternal Kgdm.
Andreas Andreas of Caesarea Andreas of Caesarea was a Greek theological writer and bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia. Krumbacher assigned him to the first half of the sixth century. He is variously placed by other scholars, from the fifth to the ninth century.-Works:...	7st Cent.	[BPGR]			[Antichrist]
Sargis D'Aberga	7st Cent.	BPGR	Divisions		False Messiah		Judge All Men
Gregory I	d. 604				Antichrist
Venerable Bede Bede Bede , also referred to as Saint Bede or the Venerable Bede , was a monk at the Northumbrian monastery of Saint Peter at Monkwearmouth, today part of Sunderland, England, and of its companion monastery, Saint Paul's, in modern Jarrow , both in the Kingdom of Northumbria...	d. 735	[BPGR]		3 Rulers	Antichrist
Berengaud	9th Cent.	[BPG]R	Listed
Eliezer ben Hurcanus Eliezer ben Hurcanus Eliezer ben Hurcanus or Eliezer ben Hyrcanus , a Kohen, was one of the most prominent tannaim of the 1st and 2nd centuries, disciple of R. Johanan ben Zakkai and colleague of Gamaliel II, whose sister he married , and of Joshua ben Hananiah...	8-9th Cent.	BPGR
Saadia Saadia Saadia is a Jewish name and Arabic name. it can refer to several people:*Saadia Gaon - Ninth century rabbi, philosopher, and exegete of the Geonic period.*Saadia Afzaal - Pakistani journalist and television news anchor....	d. 942	BPG-Gog	10 kings		Cruel King
Jephet ibn Ali	10th Cent.	BPGR	10 Thrones		Mohammad
Waldenses	12th Century	4th=Roman Church
Rashi Rashi Shlomo Yitzhaki , or in Latin Salomon Isaacides, and today generally known by the acronym Rashi , was a medieval French rabbi famed as the author of a comprehensive commentary on the Talmud, as well as a comprehensive commentary on the Tanakh...	d. 1105	BPGR	10 Roman Kgdms.		Titus	=1135 Yrs
Abraham ibn Ezra Abraham ibn Ezra Rabbi Abraham ben Meir Ibn Ezra was born at Tudela, Navarre in 1089, and died c. 1167, apparently in Calahorra....	d. 1167	BPG[R]	10 Kings		Titus
Peter Comestor	d. 1178	BPGR	10 Divisions	3 Kings	Antichrist	3 1/2 Years
Joachim of Floris	d. 1202	Jews, Romans Arians, Saracens	Future Kgdms.		Antichirst Not Antiochus
Edward II (Salzburg)	d. 1246	[BPG]R	Listed	Named	Papacy
Biblical Expositors of the Reformation Era: 1522-1614 AD
		4 Beasts	10 Horns	3 horns	Little Horn	3 1/2 Times	Judgment Kgdm. of God
Martin Luther Martin Luther Martin Luther was a German priest, professor of theology and iconic figure of the Protestant Reformation. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He confronted indulgence salesman Johann Tetzel with his Ninety-Five Theses in 1517...	1522	BPGR	Listed		Papacy, Turkey	Phocas	After Division
Johann Oecolampadius	1530	BPGR	Listed		Papacy
Philipp Melanchthon Philipp Melanchthon Philipp Melanchthon , born Philipp Schwartzerdt, was a German reformer, collaborator with Martin Luther, the first systematic theologian of the Protestant Reformation, intellectual leader of the Lutheran Reformation, and an influential designer of educational systems...	1543	BPGR	Listed		Mohammadanism	[hazy]	P.-Overthrow
Andreas Osiander Andreas Osiander Andreas Osiander was a German Lutheran theologian.- Career :Born at Gunzenhausen in Franconia, Osiander studied at the University of Ingolstadt before being ordained as a priest in 1520. In the same year he began work at an Augustinian convent in Nuremberg as a Hebrew tutor. In 1522, he was...	1545	[BPG]R			Papacy	412-1672 (1260 yrs)
Georg Joye	1545	BPGR	Listed		Papacy
John Knox John Knox John Knox was a Scottish clergyman and a leader of the Protestant Reformation who brought reformation to the church in Scotland. He was educated at the University of St Andrews or possibly the University of Glasgow and was ordained to the Catholic priesthood in 1536...	1547	BPGR	Fall of Rome		Papacy
John Bale John Bale John Bale was an English churchman, historian and controversialist, and Bishop of Ossory. He wrote the oldest known historical verse drama in English , and developed and published a very extensive list of the works of British authors down to his own time, just as the monastic libraries were being...	1550	[BPG]R			Papacy
Hugh Latimer Hugh Latimer Hugh Latimer was a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, Bishop of Worcester before the Reformation, and later Church of England chaplain to King Edward VI. In 1555, under Queen Mary, he was burnt at the stake, becoming one of the three Oxford Martyrs of Anglicanism.-Life:Latimer was born into a...	1553	BPGR	Divisions
Nicolaus von Amsdorf Nicolaus von Amsdorf Nicolaus von Amsdorf was a German theologian and Protestant reformer.-Biography:He was born in Torgau, on the Elbe....	1554	[BPG]R
Heinrich Bullinger Heinrich Bullinger Heinrich Bullinger was a Swiss reformer, the successor of Huldrych Zwingli as head of the Zurich church and pastor at Grossmünster...	1557	[BPG]R			Papacy	1260 years
Johann Funck Johann Funck Johann Funck, Funk or Funccius was a German Lutheran theologian. He was beheaded after a court intrigue.-Life:...	1558	[BPG]R			Papacy
Virgil Solis Virgil Solis Virgil Solis or Virgilius Solis , a member of a prolific family of artists, was a German draughtsman and printmaker in engraving, etching and woodcut who worked in Nuremberg. His prints were sold separately or formed the illustrations of books; many prints signed by him are probably by assistants...	1560	BPGR			Papacy
Georg Nigriaus	1570	BPGR	Listed		Pope - Turk	1260 years
John Jewel John Jewel John Jewel was an English bishop of Salisbury.-Life:He was the son of John Jewel of Buden, Devon, was educated under his uncle John Bellamy, rector of Hampton, and other private tutors until his matriculation at Merton College, Oxford, in July 1535.There he was taught by John Parkhurst,...	1562	[BPG]R			Papacy	Justinian onward
David Chytraeus David Chytraeus David Chytraeus or Chyträus was a German Lutheran theologian and historian.His real surname was Kochhafe, which in Classical Greek is χυτρα, from where he derived the Latinized pseudonym "Chyträus".Chytraeus was professor of the University of Rostock and one of the co-authors of the Formula of...	1572	[BPG]R			Papacy	412-1672 (1260 yrs)
Nikolaus Selnecker Nikolaus Selnecker Nikolaus Selnecker was a German musician and theologian. He is now known mainly as a hymn writer. He is also known as one of the principal authors of the Formula of Concord along with Jakob Andreä and Martin Chemnitz.At a young age he was an organist in Nuremberg...	1579	BPGR	Listed		Turk
Thomas Cranmer Thomas Cranmer Thomas Cranmer was a leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and, for a short time, Mary I. He helped build a favourable case for Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon which resulted in the separation of the English Church from...	1582	[BPG]R			Papacy
John Napier John Napier John Napier of Merchiston – also signed as Neper, Nepair – named Marvellous Merchiston, was a Scottish mathematician, physicist, astronomer & astrologer, and also the 8th Laird of Merchistoun. He was the son of Sir Archibald Napier of Merchiston. John Napier is most renowned as the discoverer...	1593	BPGR	Listed			1260 years
Thomas Brightman Thomas Brightman Thomas Brightman was an English clergyman and biblical commentator. His exegesis of the Book of Revelation, published posthumously, proved influential. According to William M...	1614	[BPG]R	Divisions		Papacy	Years
Biblical Expositors of the Counter-Reformation: 1590-1604 AD
Francisco Ribera Francisco Ribera Francisco Ribera was a Spanish Jesuit theologian, identified with the Futurist Christian eschatological view.-Life:He was born at Villacastín. He joined the Society of Jesus in 1570, and taught at the University of Salamanca. He acted as confessor to Teresa of Avila...	1590	4th = Satan			Future Antichrist	Literal
Robert Bellarmine Robert Bellarmine Robert Bellarmine was an Italian Jesuit and a Cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was one of the most important figures in the Counter-Reformation...	1593				Single King	Literal
Blasius Viegas	1601					Literal Future
Biblical Expositors of the Post-Reformation Era—Europe: 1600-1800 AD
		4 Beasts	10 Horns	3 horns	Little Horn	3 1/2 Times	Judgment Kgdm. of God
James I of England James I of England James VI and I was King of Scots as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the English and Scottish crowns on 24 March 1603...	1600	[BPG]R	Division		Papacy	1260 years to End
George Downham	1603	[BPGR]	Listed		Papacy	1260 Years (600->)
George Pacard	1604	[BPG]R	Divisions		Papacy	1260 Years
Hugh Broughton Hugh Broughton Hugh Broughton was an English scholar and theologian.-Early life:He was born at Owlbury, Bishop's Castle, Shropshire. He calls himself a Cambrian, implying Welsh blood in his veins. He was educated by Bernard Gilpin at Houghton-le-Spring and at Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he matriculated...	1607	BPG-Alex. Succ.	Kings		Antiochus	[Literal]
Joseph Mede Joseph Mede Joseph Mede was an English scholar with a wide range of interests. He was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge, where he became a Fellow from 1613. He is now remembered as a biblical scholar. He was also a naturalist and Egyptologist...	1631	BPGR	Listed		Papacy	1260 years
John Tillinghast John Tillinghast John Tillinghast was an English clergyman and Fifth-monarchy man. He is known for his confrontation with Oliver Cromwell, and millenarian writings.-Life:...	1655	BPGR			Papacy	396-1656 (1260 yrs)
Henry More Henry More Henry More FRS was an English philosopher of the Cambridge Platonist school.-Biography:Henry was born at Grantham and was schooled at The King's School, Grantham and at Eton College...	1664	[BPG]R	Divisions		Papacy	1260 Years
William Sherwin William Sherwin (minister) William Sherwin was an English minister. The Dictionary of National Biography suggests that he was either silenced in 1660 or ejected in 1662. He wrote a number of works on biblical and theological themes. His son became a notable engraver.-References:...	1670	[BPG]R	Divisions		Papacy	1260 Years
Thomas Beverley	1684	[BPGR]	Kgdms.		Papacy	437-1697 (1260 yrs)
Pierre Jurieu Pierre Jurieu Pierre Jurieu was a French Protestant leader.-Life:He was born at Mer, in Orléanais, where his father was a Protestant pastor. He studied at the Academy of Saumur and the Academy of Sedan under his grandfather, Pierre Du Moulin, and under Leblanc de Beaulieu...	1687	BPGR	Kgdms.		Papacy	454-1714 (1260 yrs)
Drue Cressener Drue Cressener Drue Cressener was an English clergyman and theological writer, known as an interpreter of the Apocalypse.-Life:He was a native of Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. He was educated at Christ's College Cambridge where he matriculated as a sizar in 1658 aged 16; and at Pembroke College, Cambridge to which...	1689	[BPG]R	Kgdms.		Papacy	Justinian -> c. 1800
William Lowth William Lowth -Life:He was the son of William Lowth, an apothecary, who was burnt out in the Great Fire of London, and was born in the parish of St Martin, Ludgate on 3 September 1660. He was educated by his grandfather, the Rev. Simon Lowth, rector of Tilehurst, Berkshire, and was admitted to Merchant Taylors'...	1700	[BPGR]			Papacy	606-1866 (1260 yrs)
Johannes Cocceius Johannes Cocceius Johannes Cocceius , Dutch theologian, was born at Bremen.-Life:After studying at Hamburg and the University of Franeker, where Sixtinus Amama was one of his teachers, he became in 1630 professor of biblical philology at the Gymnasium illustre in his native town...	1701	BPGR	Listed		Papacy	1260 Years
Robert Fleming, Jr.	1701	BPGR			Papacy	Justinian -> 1794
George Her. Geblehr	1702	[BPGR]			Papacy	1260 years
William Whiston William Whiston William Whiston was an English theologian, historian, and mathematician. He is probably best known for his translation of the Antiquities of the Jews and other works by Josephus, his A New Theory of the Earth, and his Arianism...	1706	BPGR	Kgdms.		Papacy	606-1866 (1260 yrs)
Heinrich Horch	1712	BPGR			Papacy	[years]
Matthew Henry Matthew Henry Matthew Henry was an English commentator on the Bible and Presbyterian minister.-Life:He was born at Broad Oak, a farmhouse on the borders of Flintshire and Shropshire. His father, Philip Henry, had just been ejected under the Act of Uniformity 1662...	1714	BPGR	Ten Nations		Papacy	1260 years
Sir Isaac Newton	1727	BPGR	Listed		Papacy	1260 years
John Willison John Willison John Willison was an evangelical minister of the Church of Scotland and a writer of Christian literature.His father was laird of a small property near Stirling, where John Willison was born. He was inducted to the parish of Brechin as minister in 1703...	1745	[BPGR]	Divisions		Papacy
Thomas Newton Thomas Newton Thomas Newton was an English cleric, biblical scholar and author. He served as the Bishop of Bristol from 1761 to 1782....	1754	BPGR	Kgdms.		West. Rome	533 or 606
Johann Ph. Petri	1768	[BPGR]			Turks	587-1847 (1260 yrs)
Hans Wood	1787	BPGR			Papacy	620-1880 (1260 yrs)
Christian G. Thube	1789	BPGR	Divisions		Papacy
James Ebenezer Bicheno James Ebenezer Bicheno James Ebenezer Bicheno was a British author and colonial official.Bicheno was the son of the Rev. James Bicheno, minister of the Baptist Church in Newbury, Berkshire. He was called to the bar in 1822 but seems to have spent most of his time until 1832 in writing and natural history pursuits,...	1793	BPGR	Divisions		Papacy	529-1789 (1260 yrs)
David Simpson David Simpson (priest) Rev David Simpson, M.A. was an Anglican priest who spent most of his career in Macclesfield, Cheshire, England.-Early life and education:...	1797	[BPG]R	Divisions		Papacy	538-1798 (1260 yrs)
Edward King	1798	[BPGR]			Papacy	538-1798 (1260 yrs)
Richard Valpy Richard Valpy -Biography:He was born the eldest son of Richard and Catherine Valpy in Jersey. He was sent to schools in Normandy and Southampton, and completed his education at Pembroke College, Oxford. In 1777 he took orders. After holding a mastership at Bury, in 1781 he became head master of Reading grammar...	1798	BPGR			Papacy	538-1798 (1260 yrs)
Jean G. de la Flechere	1800	BPGR	Listed		Papacy	1260 years
Biblical Expositors of the Post-Reformation Era—America: 1600-1800 AD
		4 Beasts	10 Horns	3 horns	Little Horn	3 1/2 Times	Judgment Kgdm. of God
John Cotton (Puritan)	1639	BPGR	Mentioned		Papacy	395-1655 [1260 yrs]
Anne Bradstreet Anne Bradstreet Anne Dudley Bradstreet was New England's first published poet. Her work met with a positive reception in both the Old World and the New World.-Biography:...	1642	BPGR
Roger Williams Roger Williams (theologian) Roger Williams was an English Protestant theologian who was an early proponent of religious freedom and the separation of church and state. In 1636, he began the colony of Providence Plantation, which provided a refuge for religious minorities. Williams started the first Baptist church in America,...	1644	BPGR	Mentioned		Papacy	years
Ephriam Huit	1644	BPGR	Named		Turks-Popes	3 1/2 Centuries
Thomas Parker Thomas Parker (minister) Thomas Parker was an English nonconforming clergyman and founder of Newbury, Massachusetts.-Life:He was born probably at Stanton St. Bernard, Wiltshire, the only son of the Reverend Robert Parker, M.A. and Dorothy Stephens. He was admitted into Magdalen College, Oxford, but left when his father...	1646	BPGR	Named		Papacy	600-1859
John Davenport	1653	BPGR				Years
Edward Holyoke Edward Holyoke Edward Holyoke was an early American clergyman, and the 9th President of Harvard College.-Background:Edward Holyoke was the son of a wealthy and influential businessman, Elizur Holyoke Jr, who held several local town offices and served in the legislature...	1658	BPGR	Mentioned			600-
Samuel Hutchinson	1667	BPGR			Papacy
Increase Mather Increase Mather Increase Mather was a major figure in the early history of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and Province of Massachusetts Bay . He was a Puritan minister who was involved with the government of the colony, the administration of Harvard College, and most notoriously, the Salem witch trials...	1669	BPGR	Named		Papacy	456-1716 [1260 yrs]
Samuel Mather	1672	BPGR	Mentioned			Years
Nicholas Noyes Nicholas Noyes Nicholas Noyes was a colonial minister in Salem, Massachusetts during the time of the Salem witch trials. He was the second minister, called the "Teacher", to Rev. John Higginson...	1698	BPGR			Papacy	years
Cotton Mather Cotton Mather Cotton Mather, FRS was a socially and politically influential New England Puritan minister, prolific author and pamphleteer; he is often remembered for his role in the Salem witch trials...	1702	BPGR	Mentioned		Papacy	456-
William Burnet William Burnet (administrator) William Burnet was a British civil servant and colonial administrator who served as governor of New York and New Jersey and Massachusetts .-Early life:...	1724	BPGR	Named		Papacy	455-1715 [1260 yrs]
Jonathan Edwards	1739	BPGR	Mentioned		Papacy	455- or 606-
David Imri	1756	BPGR				Years
Ezekiel Cheever	1757	BPGR			Papacy
Aaron Burr, Sr. Aaron Burr, Sr. The Reverend Aaron Burr, Sr., was a notable divine and educator in colonial America. He was a founder of the College of New Jersey and the father of the third United States Vice President, Aaron Burr , who killed Alexander Hamilton.-Biography:A native of Connecticut, Burr was born in 1716 in...	1757	BPGR	Mentioned		Papacy	Years
Isaac Backus Isaac Backus Isaac Backus was a leading Baptist preacher during the era of the American Revolution who campaigned against state-established churches in New England....	1767		Mentioned		Bishop of Rome
Samuel Langdon Samuel Langdon Samuel Langdon was a American Congregational clergyman and educator. After serving as pastor in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, he was appointed president of Harvard University in 1774. He held that post until 1780....	1774	[BPGR]				Years
Samuel Gatchel	1781	[BPGR]
Benjamin Gale	1788	BPGR	Mentioned		Papacy	Years
Joshua Lathrop Dr. Joshua Lathrop House The Dr. Joshua Lathrop House is located in Norwich, Connecticut. The house was built in 1750 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 29, 1970.-References:...	1789	BPGR				606-1866 [1260 yrs]
Samuel Hopkins	1793	BPGR			Papacy	606-1866 [1260 yrs]
Samuel Osgood Samuel Osgood Samuel Osgood was an American merchant and statesman born in North Andover Massachusetts, parent town of the Andovers. His family home still stands at 440 Osgood Street in North Andover...	1794	Confused	Named		Pope	630-1890 [1260 yrs]
William Linn William Linn The Reverend William Linn was the second President of Queen's College , serving in a pro tempore capacity from 1791 to 1795...	1794	BPGR	Mentioned		Papacy	553-1813 [1260 yrs]
David Austin	1794	BPGR			Papacy	500-1760 [1260 yrs]
Joshua Spalding	1796	BPGR			Papacy	Years
Biblical Expositors of the 19th Century Advent Awakening: 1800-1845 AD
		4 Beasts	10 Horns	3 horns	Little Horn	3 1/2 Times	Judgment Kgdm. of God
Manuel Lacunza Manuel Lacunza Manuel Diaz Lacunza S.J. was a Jesuit priest who used the pen-name Juan Josafat Ben-Ezra for his main work on the interpretation of the prophecies of the Bible.- Biography :...	1799	4 Religions	Mentioned			Years
William Hales William Hales William Hales was an Irish clergyman and scientific writer.He was born in Cork, Ireland, the son of Samuel Hales, the curate at the cathedral church there....	1803	BPGR	Listed	HOL	Papacy	620-1880 [1260 yrs]
George Stanley Faber George Stanley Faber George Stanley Faber was an Anglican theologian and prolific author....	1804	BPGR	Listed	HOL	Papacy
Thomas Scott Thomas Scott (commentator) The Rev. Thomas Scott was an influential preacher and author who is principally known for his best-selling work A Commentary On The Whole Bible and The Force of Truth, and as one of the founders of the Church Missionary Society.- Life :...	1805	BPGR	Listed	HOL	Papacy	606-1866 [1260 yrs]
Adam Clarke Adam Clarke Adam Clarke was a British Methodist theologian and Biblical scholar, born in the townland of Moybeg Kirley near Tobermore in Ireland...	1810	BPGR	Divisions		Popedom	Years - Ending
Samuel Toovey	1813	BPGR	Listed	ExLR	Papacy
Captain Maitland	1813	BPGR	Listed	HOL		533-1792 [1260 yrs]
William Cuninghame	1813	BPGR	Listed		Papacy	533-1792 [1260 yrs]
James H Frere	1815	BPGR	10 Divisions		Papacy	533-1792 [1260 yrs]
Lewis Way	1818	BPGR	Divisions			531-1789 [1260 yrs]
W. C. Davis	1818	BPGR			Papacy	588-1848 [1260 yrs]
Francis Mason (archdeacon) Francis Mason (archdeacon) Francis Mason was an English churchman, archdeacon of Norfolk and author of Of the Consecration of the Bishops in the Church of England , a defence of the Church of England and the first serious rebuttal of the Nag's Head Fable put about as denigration of Matthew Parker and Anglican...	1820	BPGR	10 Divisions		Papacy	533-1792 [1260 yrs]
Jonathan Bayford	1820	BPGR	Listed		Bishop of Rome	529-1789 [1260 yrs]
Henry Gauntlett Henry Gauntlett Henry John Gauntlett was an English organist and songwriter known in British music circles for his authorship of a large number of hymns and other pieces for the organ....	1821	BPGR			Papacy	606-1866 [1260 yrs]
Joseph Wolff Joseph Wolff Joseph Wolff , Jewish Christian missionary, was born at Weilersbach, near Bamberg, Germany. He travelled widely, and was known as the Eccentric Missionary, according to Fitzroy Maclean's Eastern Approaches...	1822	BPGR			Papacy	1260 Years
John Fry	1822	BPGR	Listed	HOL	Papacy	537-1797 [1260 yrs]
Pierre J. Agier	1823	BPGR	10 Kgdms.		Christian Rome
Jonathan R. Park	1825	BPRG				606-1866 [1260 yrs]
Edward Cooper	1825	BPGR			Papacy	533-1792 [1260]
S. R. Maitland	1826	Future	Not Divisions	Future	Future	Days only
Edward Irving Edward Irving *For Edward Irving, the Canadian geologist, see Edward A. Irving.Edward Irving was a Scottish clergyman, generally regarded as the main figure behind the foundation of the Catholic Apostolic Church.-Youth:...	1826	BPGR	Papal Eur.		Papacy	533-1792 [1260 yrs]
Edward T. Vaughan	1828	BPGR			Papacy	537-1797 [1260 yrs]
Thomas Keyworth	1828	BPGR	10 Kgdms.	3 Kgdms.	Papacy	606-1866 [1260 yrs]
Gerald T. Noel	1828	BPGR	10 Divisions		Papacy	533-1792 [1260 yrs]
Alexander Keith	1828	BPGR			Papacy	533-1793 [1260 yrs]
Alfred Addis	1829	BPGR	Listed		Papacy	553-1813 [1260 yrs]
Jonathon Hooper	1829	BPGR			Pope	533-1793 [1260 yrs]
William W. Pym	1829	BPGR			Papacy	533-1793 [1260 yrs]
Henry Drummond (1786–1860)	1830	BPGR			Papacy
William Jones	1830	BPGR	10 Kgdms.		Papacy	Years
Edward N. Hoare	1830	BPGR	10 Kgdms.	ExLR	Papacy	533-1793 [1260 yrs]
Samuel Lee (linguist)	1830	Preterist				3 1/2 Years
William Anderson	1830	BPGR
James Begg James Begg James Begg was a Free Church of Scotland minister.He was editor for The Bulwark or The Reformation Journal for 21 years from its beginning July, 1851. He also wrote frequently to The Witness, Hugh Miller's newspaper.- External links :* * at the National Portrait Gallery*...	1831	BPGR	10 Nations		Papacy
William Digby	1831	BPGR	Listed	HOL	Papacy	533-1793 [1260 yrs]
J (Amici) Leslie	1831	BPGR			Papacy	532-1792 [1260 yrs]
Joshua William Brooks Joshua William Brooks Joshua William Brooks, M.A. was born in 1790 and died 15 February 1882: he was a priest in the Church of England.-Family:Joshua William Brooks married Frances Summerscales on 1 January 1829 in Sandal Magna, West Riding of Yorkshire.-Career:...	1831	BPGR			Papacy	533-1793 [1260 yrs]
William Thorp	1831	BPGR			Papacy	Nearly Out
John Cox	1832	BPGR	10 Divisions		Papacy
Joseph d'A. Sirr	1833	BPGR
Matthew Habershon	1834	BPGR	10 Divisions		Papacy	533-1793 [1260 yrs]
Bp Dan Wilson	1836	BPGR			Papacy
Edward Bickersteth	1836	BPGR				533-1793 [1260 yrs]
François Samuel Robert Louis Gaussen	1837	BPGR	Listed	HOL	Papacy	529-1789 [1260 yrs]
J. H. Richter	1839				Papacy	587-1847 [1260 yrs]
Elizabeth Charlotte Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna was an English evangelical Protestant writer and novelist who wrote as Charlotte Elizabeth.- Life :...	1840	BPGR			Papacy	[Years]
James Henthorn Todd James Henthorn Todd James Henthorn Todd was a biblical scholar, educator, and Irish historian. He is noted for his efforts to place religious disagreements on a rational historical footing, for his advocacy of a liberal form of Protestantism, and for his endeavours as an educator, librarian, and scholar in Irish...	1840	[4th not Rome]	[not Roman]		[Future]	[not years]
John Henry Newman	1841				[Future]	[Days]
Thomas Rawson Birks Thomas Rawson Birks Thomas Rawson Birks , theologian and controversialist, was born on 28 September 1810 at Staveley in Derbyshire, England. He figured in the debate to try to resolve theology and science. He rose to be a Knightbridge Professor of Moral Philosophy...	1843	BPGR	Listed	3 Kgdms.	Papacy
Jonathan Cumming	1843	BPGR			Papacy	532-1792 [1260 yrs]
William Miller William Miller (preacher) William Miller was an American Baptist preacher who is credited with beginning the mid-nineteenth century North American religious movement now known as Adventism. Among his direct spiritual heirs are several major religious denominations, including Seventh-day Adventists and Advent Christians...	1843	BPGR	10 Nations		Papacy	538-1798 [1260 yrs]
E. B. Elliot	1844	BPGR	Listed		Papacy	Justinian-1798
James A. Wylie James Aitkin Wylie James Aitken Wylie was a Scottish historian of religion and Presbyterian minister. He was a prolific writer and is most famous for writing The History of Protestantism....	1844	BPGR	10 Nations		Papacy	538-1798 [1260 yrs]
Joseph Baylee	1845	BPGR			Papacy	532-1792 [1260 yrs]
BPGR=Babylon-Media/Persia-Greece-Rome. [BPGR]=Implies...