Ciovo
Encyclopedia
Čiovo is a small island
located off the Adriatic
coast in Croatia
with an area of 28.8 km2 (length 15.3 km, width up to 3.5 km), population of 6,071 inhabitants (2001) and its highest peak is 218 m (Rudine).
The centre of the island has geographical coordinates 43°30′N 16°17′E, and the annual rainfall is about 900 mm.
, protecting the citiy of Trogir
and Kaštela
gulf. On its SE part it is only two km distant from the cape
Marjan, on northern part it is connected to the mainland with a small bascule bridge
in the old centre of Trogir
, and actually Trogir spread itself on the island. Besides the part of Trogir, on the island there are several villages: Arbanija
, Žedno
, Okrug Gornji
, Okrug Donji, Slatine
and Prizidnica.
The vegetation is typically Mediterranean, consisting mainly in understory
(holm oak
, myrtle, wormwood, juniper
etc.). On the northern side (exposed to the wind bura
are forests of pine
and cypress
. Major crops include olive
s, fig
s, almond
s, vine
s and citrus
fruit.
, Čiovo had many villages and it was a place for lepers
. Remainings of the pre-Romanesque
church of St. Peter have been found near Slatine, in the Supetar cove. The medieval church of St. Maurice (Sv. Mavro) has been preserved in Žedno and the pre-Romanesque church of Our Lady near the Sea (Gospa pokraj mora). The population of Čiovo increased in the 15th century through the settlement of refugees who fled from the Turks
. Simultaneously, the suburban areas of Trogir also extended to Čiovo.
monastery of the Holy Cross (Sv. Križ) (5 km from Trogir) were built in the 15th century by the masters Ivan Drakanović and Nikola Mladinov. In the Franciscan
monastery of St. Anthony (Sv. Antun) There are a painting of Palma the Younger and a sculpture of St. Magdalene by Ivan Duknović
. Along the coast is the church of St. Jerome. On the eastern coast, up the cliff is the nicely located hermitage church of Our Lady of Prizidnica. Along the south-western side of Čiovo, vis-a-vis the beach, is a small island called Fumija, with the remains of the late antique or early mediaeval church of St. Fumija and farm buildings of the Benedictine
monks from Trogir.
The church in Prizidnice was built in 1546 by priest J. Strojdražić, the hermit of Prizidnice who had settled there years before. On the facade of the church there is an inscription in old Italian (italiano volgare) carved into the stone board:
In translation: Priest J. Strojdražić comes here in hermit's residence and raises this temple on the honor of Blessed Maria of Conception in 1546. The sanctuary is situated in beautiful natural surroundings on the southern part of the island, on the stone cliffs beside the sea. The steep cliffs, blue sea, blossoming agaves and a lot of autochthonous plant species, beside the old convent and small church enriched with votive ships, make this place incredible.
It is 460 years old and many stories and legends are connected with the place itself, which elder people from Slatine will gladly share when you visit it....The religious tourism has been developed: pilgrims go on pilgrimage to the Our Lady of Prizidnice four times during the year:
On Easter Monday and Whit Monday, on Immaculate Conception of Blessed Virgin Mary and Holy Name of Mary 's. Believers in large number go on a pilgrimage on Holy Name of Mary's when sanctuary is full of pilgrims not only from Slatine but from other surrounding places as well.
Island
An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, cays or keys. An island in a river or lake may be called an eyot , or holm...
located off the Adriatic
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges...
coast in Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
with an area of 28.8 km2 (length 15.3 km, width up to 3.5 km), population of 6,071 inhabitants (2001) and its highest peak is 218 m (Rudine).
The centre of the island has geographical coordinates 43°30′N 16°17′E, and the annual rainfall is about 900 mm.
Geography
Čiovo is located in central DalmatiaDalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
, protecting the citiy of Trogir
Trogir
Trogir is a historic town and harbour on the Adriatic coast in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, with a population of 12,995 and a total municipality population of 13,322 . The historic city of Trogir is situated on a small island between the Croatian mainland and the island of Čiovo...
and Kaštela
Kaštela
Kaštela is a series of seven towns in central Dalmatia, located northwest of Split, west of Solin and east of Trogir, in Croatia. They are part of the Split-Dalmatia county and are treated as a single city with a population of 38,474 , although they are individually between 3,000 and 7,000...
gulf. On its SE part it is only two km distant from the cape
Headland
A headland is a point of land, usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends out into a body of water.Headland can also refer to:*Headlands and bays*headLand, an Australian television series...
Marjan, on northern part it is connected to the mainland with a small bascule bridge
Bascule bridge
A bascule bridge is a moveable bridge with a counterweight that continuously balances the span, or "leaf," throughout the entire upward swing in providing clearance for boat traffic....
in the old centre of Trogir
Trogir
Trogir is a historic town and harbour on the Adriatic coast in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia, with a population of 12,995 and a total municipality population of 13,322 . The historic city of Trogir is situated on a small island between the Croatian mainland and the island of Čiovo...
, and actually Trogir spread itself on the island. Besides the part of Trogir, on the island there are several villages: Arbanija
Arbanija
Arbanija is a village on Čiovo Island, Croatia. The settlement is administered as a part of the City of Trogir and Split-Dalmatia County. According to the 2001 census, the village has 370 inhabitants. It is connected by the D126 state road....
, Žedno
Žedno
Žedno is a village in the Čiovo peninsula, near Split, Croatia. It is situated on the top of Čiovo peninsula.The village has a church and a kindergarten, but no school. Administratively, it is part of the city of Trogir....
, Okrug Gornji
Okrug Gornji
Okrug is located on the western side of the island Čiovo. It is divided into Okrug Gornji and Okrug Donji, two traditional Dalmatian villages. It is the centre of the Dalmatian micro region by its geographical position. It has a mild Mediterranean climate, dense subtropical and Mediterranean...
, Okrug Donji, Slatine
Slatine
Slatine is a village on Čiovo, an island in Split-Dalmatia County, Croatia. It is a small fishing and tourist village situated on the northeastern side of the island Čiovo, only 8 km from Trogir...
and Prizidnica.
The vegetation is typically Mediterranean, consisting mainly in understory
Understory
Understory is the term for the area of a forest which grows at the lowest height level below the forest canopy. Plants in the understory consist of a mixture of seedlings and saplings of canopy trees together with understory shrubs and herbs...
(holm oak
Holm Oak
Quercus ilex, the Holm Oak or Holly Oak is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region. It takes its name from holm, an ancient name for holly...
, myrtle, wormwood, juniper
Juniper
Junipers are coniferous plants in the genus Juniperus of the cypress family Cupressaceae. Depending on taxonomic viewpoint, there are between 50-67 species of juniper, widely distributed throughout the northern hemisphere, from the Arctic, south to tropical Africa in the Old World, and to the...
etc.). On the northern side (exposed to the wind bura
Bora (wind)
Bora or Bura is a northern to north-eastern katabatic wind in the Adriatic, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, Italy, Greece, Slovenia, and Turkey....
are forests of pine
Pine
Pines are trees in the genus Pinus ,in the family Pinaceae. They make up the monotypic subfamily Pinoideae. There are about 115 species of pine, although different authorities accept between 105 and 125 species.-Etymology:...
and cypress
Cupressaceae
The Cupressaceae or cypress family is a conifer family with worldwide distribution. The family includes 27 to 30 genera , which include the junipers and redwoods, with about 130-140 species in total. They are monoecious, subdioecious or dioecious trees and shrubs from 1-116 m tall...
. Major crops include olive
Olive
The olive , Olea europaea), is a species of a small tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean Basin as well as northern Iran at the south end of the Caspian Sea.Its fruit, also called the olive, is of major agricultural importance in the...
s, fig
Ficus
Ficus is a genus of about 850 species of woody trees, shrubs, vines, epiphytes, and hemiepiphyte in the family Moraceae. Collectively known as fig trees or figs, they are native throughout the tropics with a few species extending into the semi-warm temperate zone. The Common Fig Ficus is a genus of...
s, almond
Almond
The almond , is a species of tree native to the Middle East and South Asia. Almond is also the name of the edible and widely cultivated seed of this tree...
s, vine
Vine
A vine in the narrowest sense is the grapevine , but more generally it can refer to any plant with a growth habit of trailing or scandent, that is to say climbing, stems or runners...
s and citrus
Citrus
Citrus is a common term and genus of flowering plants in the rue family, Rutaceae. Citrus is believed to have originated in the part of Southeast Asia bordered by Northeastern India, Myanmar and the Yunnan province of China...
fruit.
History
In the Middle AgesMiddle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
, Čiovo had many villages and it was a place for lepers
Leprosy
Leprosy or Hansen's disease is a chronic disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis. Named after physician Gerhard Armauer Hansen, leprosy is primarily a granulomatous disease of the peripheral nerves and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract; skin lesions...
. Remainings of the pre-Romanesque
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of Medieval Europe characterised by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque architecture, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 10th century. It developed in the 12th century into the Gothic style,...
church of St. Peter have been found near Slatine, in the Supetar cove. The medieval church of St. Maurice (Sv. Mavro) has been preserved in Žedno and the pre-Romanesque church of Our Lady near the Sea (Gospa pokraj mora). The population of Čiovo increased in the 15th century through the settlement of refugees who fled from the Turks
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
. Simultaneously, the suburban areas of Trogir also extended to Čiovo.
Heritage
The church and the DominicanDominican Order
The Order of Preachers , after the 15th century more commonly known as the Dominican Order or Dominicans, is a Catholic religious order founded by Saint Dominic and approved by Pope Honorius III on 22 December 1216 in France...
monastery of the Holy Cross (Sv. Križ) (5 km from Trogir) were built in the 15th century by the masters Ivan Drakanović and Nikola Mladinov. In the Franciscan
Franciscan
Most Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
monastery of St. Anthony (Sv. Antun) There are a painting of Palma the Younger and a sculpture of St. Magdalene by Ivan Duknović
Ivan Duknovic
Giovanni Dalmata , born Ivan Duknović and also known as Giovanni Duknovich di Traù and Ioannes Stephani Duknovich de Tragurio, was a sculptor from Trogir, Dalmatia who was mainly active in Rome, Hungary and in Dalmatia...
. Along the coast is the church of St. Jerome. On the eastern coast, up the cliff is the nicely located hermitage church of Our Lady of Prizidnica. Along the south-western side of Čiovo, vis-a-vis the beach, is a small island called Fumija, with the remains of the late antique or early mediaeval church of St. Fumija and farm buildings of the Benedictine
Benedictine
Benedictine refers to the spirituality and consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century for the cenobitic communities he founded in central Italy. The most notable of these is Monte Cassino, the first monastery founded by Benedict...
monks from Trogir.
The church in Prizidnice was built in 1546 by priest J. Strojdražić, the hermit of Prizidnice who had settled there years before. On the facade of the church there is an inscription in old Italian (italiano volgare) carved into the stone board:
- PRE ZORZI STOIDRAZIC VENE QUA
- IN EREMITORIO ED IFICHO QUESTO
- TEMPIO AD ONORE BEATE MARIE CONCEPCIONE
- MDXLVI
In translation: Priest J. Strojdražić comes here in hermit's residence and raises this temple on the honor of Blessed Maria of Conception in 1546. The sanctuary is situated in beautiful natural surroundings on the southern part of the island, on the stone cliffs beside the sea. The steep cliffs, blue sea, blossoming agaves and a lot of autochthonous plant species, beside the old convent and small church enriched with votive ships, make this place incredible.
It is 460 years old and many stories and legends are connected with the place itself, which elder people from Slatine will gladly share when you visit it....The religious tourism has been developed: pilgrims go on pilgrimage to the Our Lady of Prizidnice four times during the year:
On Easter Monday and Whit Monday, on Immaculate Conception of Blessed Virgin Mary and Holy Name of Mary 's. Believers in large number go on a pilgrimage on Holy Name of Mary's when sanctuary is full of pilgrims not only from Slatine but from other surrounding places as well.