Carlbury
Encyclopedia
Carlbury is a hamlet
in the civil parish of High Coniscliffe
in County Durham
, in England
. It is situated a few miles to the west of Darlington
, on the north bank of the River Tees
between Piercebridge
to the west, and High Coniscliffe
to the east. High and Low Carlbury once constituted a slightly larger settlement, but most of the hamlet at Low Carlbury became derelict and was demolished by the late 1940s. A few buildings remain.
in 1322, Carlbury went back to the widow's family and thence to the House of Neville
.
Carlbury consisted historically of High and Low Carlbury and was included with Summerhouse
and Ulnaby
in the estate of the Nevilles
in their capacity as Earls of Westmorland
from 1354 to 1601, being mentioned in a 1553 document. However Charles Neville
forfeited it in 1571 for his part in the Rising of the North
. Queen Elizabeth I
granted it to Ralph Taylboys or Tailboys of Thornton Hall
in 1573; it was then left to Thomas Jenison in 1580 and to William Jenison in 1588. Carlbury still belonged to the Jenisons in 1616. The estate later came into the hands of Childers Welbank Childers of York, who sold it to London merchant George Bainbridge who was born in 1740. At that time Carlbury maintained its own roads and its own poor independently of the parish. Workers by the names of Kipling in the 18th century and Cowley in the 19th century are recorded.
An old spelling of the name of this area was Kerleburie. Between the 16th and 19th centuries, Carlbury was well-populated with families of numerous surnames. By the 19th century it was a hamlet at the foot of Carlbury Bank, served by the Piercebridge
railway station which was on the NER
Darlington and Barnard Castle railway (1858–1964). In the hamlet was the Railway Inn, the fairly large Bridge House, and Carlbury's own bridge over Dyance Beck, which in turn powered Carlbury Mill. The mill
burned down at night in 1889, discovered by a hapless cyclist who, despite great effort by telegraph
from Piercebridge and then by pedalling to Darlington
, was unable to raise the fire brigade in time to save the mill. The hamlet was mostly derelict by 1939, and all but a few buildings were demolished after World War II
in the 1940s before the A67
was built.
on 1 December 1642 a contingent of Royalists
, led by the Earl of Newcastle and travelling south along Dere Street
, met a group of Parliamentarians
, led by Captain Hotham
and travelling north, in a dispute over the bridge at Piercebridge
. The Royalists won the day by erecting a battery
on Carlbury Hill, which higher position had an advantage over the opposition's battery on the other side of the river. Cannon balls
and human bones from this battleground
have been found on the banks of the river. On 9 December 1672, Jane Hill fell from the hill and died four days afterwards.
In 1875 on that same Carlbury Hill, architect John Ross built Carlbury Hall in Scots baronial style for National Provincial Bank
manager Thomas McLachlan; McLachlan is said to have chosen the site where the view of the River Tees
would remind him of Scotland
. By 1905 Carlbury Hall was in the hands of James Backhouse Dale (born 1855), a company director of Hordern Collieries Ltd, and between 1909 and 1929 it was owned by John Henry Pease
, a member of Cleveland Naturalists' Field Club. In 2003 it sold for £535,000.
is a scheduled monument which was thought to be the site of a castle in 1902, although by 1992 it was understood to be an elongated mound without a ditch, reduced by ploughing and probably a Bronze Age
burial mound. Mortaria dated around 170-180 AD
with painted inscriptions have been found in Carlbury Vale west, and they could be associated with Piercebridge Roman Fort
.
s of ancient woodland
, classified as a Site of Nature Conservation Importance
and a wildlife corridor
. Today High Carlbury is Carlbury Farm, and the remainder of Low Carlbury is next to the A67 road where there is Carlbury Hall. For a short time in the early 21st century this was a nursing home on Carlbury Hill. Also on the A67 is the Carlbury Arms which is listed by CAMRA
and has a pudding club, and the Carlbury milestone
which is Grade II listed but said to be in poor condition. However in 2005 Darlington Council saw fit to upgrade the bus shelters at the Carlbury Arms and Carlbury Hall stops. Carlbury Garden Centre is north of the Carlbury Arms, on Station Road. Between the milestone and the river there is a field
and a little bridge over stone channels where the mill race
once was; Carlbury Bridge is now a Grade II listed building. The hamlet is on the Piercebridge Circular Walk route.
Hamlet (place)
A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...
in the civil parish of High Coniscliffe
High Coniscliffe
High Coniscliffe is a parish and village in the borough of Darlington and ceremonial county of County Durham, England. The parish includes Carlbury and Low Coniscliffe...
in County Durham
County Durham
County Durham is a ceremonial county and unitary district in north east England. The county town is Durham. The largest settlement in the ceremonial county is the town of Darlington...
, in England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
. It is situated a few miles to the west of Darlington
Darlington
Darlington is a market town in the Borough of Darlington, part of the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. It lies on the small River Skerne, a tributary of the River Tees, not far from the main river. It is the main population centre in the borough, with a population of 97,838 as of 2001...
, on the north bank of the River Tees
River Tees
The River Tees is in Northern England. It rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the North Pennines, and flows eastwards for 85 miles to reach the North Sea between Hartlepool and Redcar.-Geography:...
between Piercebridge
Piercebridge
Piercebridge is a village and civil parish in the borough of Darlington and the ceremonial county of Durham, England. It is situated a few miles west of the town of Darlington. It is on the site of a Roman fort of AD 260-270, which was built at the point where Dere Street crossed the River Tees....
to the west, and High Coniscliffe
High Coniscliffe
High Coniscliffe is a parish and village in the borough of Darlington and ceremonial county of County Durham, England. The parish includes Carlbury and Low Coniscliffe...
to the east. High and Low Carlbury once constituted a slightly larger settlement, but most of the hamlet at Low Carlbury became derelict and was demolished by the late 1940s. A few buildings remain.
History
In 1320 Carlbury was given by the widow of Sir John FitzMarmaduke, Sheriff of North Durham, to Sir Thomas Earl of Lancaster and Leicester. After Sir Thomas was executed for treasonTreason
In law, treason is the crime that covers some of the more extreme acts against one's sovereign or nation. Historically, treason also covered the murder of specific social superiors, such as the murder of a husband by his wife. Treason against the king was known as high treason and treason against a...
in 1322, Carlbury went back to the widow's family and thence to the House of Neville
House of Neville
The House of Neville is a noble house of early medieval origin, which was a leading force in English politics in the later middle ages...
.
Carlbury consisted historically of High and Low Carlbury and was included with Summerhouse
Summerhouse, County Durham
Summerhouse is a village in the borough of Darlington and the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. It is situated a few miles to the north-west of Darlington....
and Ulnaby
Ulnaby
Ulnaby is an abandoned village and scheduled ancient monument in the grounds of Ulnaby Hall Farm, near High Coniscliffe, County Durham. It is believed that this toft village was occupied from the late 13th century to the 16th century, followed by temporary 19th century buildings...
in the estate of the Nevilles
House of Neville
The House of Neville is a noble house of early medieval origin, which was a leading force in English politics in the later middle ages...
in their capacity as Earls of Westmorland
Earl of Westmorland
Earl of Westmorland is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of England. The title was first created in 1397 for Ralph Neville. It was forfeited in 1571 by Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland for leading the Rising of the North. It was revived in 1624 in favour of Sir Francis...
from 1354 to 1601, being mentioned in a 1553 document. However Charles Neville
Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland
Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was an English nobleman and one of the leaders of the Rising of the North in 1569....
forfeited it in 1571 for his part in the Rising of the North
Rising of the North
The Rising of the North of 1569, also called the Revolt of the Northern Earls or Northern Rebellion, was an unsuccessful attempt by Catholic nobles from Northern England to depose Queen Elizabeth I of England and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots.-Background:When Elizabeth I succeeded her...
. Queen Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I of England
Elizabeth I was queen regnant of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the Tudor dynasty...
granted it to Ralph Taylboys or Tailboys of Thornton Hall
Thornton Hall, High Coniscliffe
Thornton Hall is a privately owned 16th century manor house at High Coniscliffe, near Darlington, County Durham. It is a Grade I listed building....
in 1573; it was then left to Thomas Jenison in 1580 and to William Jenison in 1588. Carlbury still belonged to the Jenisons in 1616. The estate later came into the hands of Childers Welbank Childers of York, who sold it to London merchant George Bainbridge who was born in 1740. At that time Carlbury maintained its own roads and its own poor independently of the parish. Workers by the names of Kipling in the 18th century and Cowley in the 19th century are recorded.
An old spelling of the name of this area was Kerleburie. Between the 16th and 19th centuries, Carlbury was well-populated with families of numerous surnames. By the 19th century it was a hamlet at the foot of Carlbury Bank, served by the Piercebridge
Piercebridge
Piercebridge is a village and civil parish in the borough of Darlington and the ceremonial county of Durham, England. It is situated a few miles west of the town of Darlington. It is on the site of a Roman fort of AD 260-270, which was built at the point where Dere Street crossed the River Tees....
railway station which was on the NER
North Eastern Railway (UK)
The North Eastern Railway , was an English railway company. It was incorporated in 1854, when four existing companies were combined, and was absorbed into the London and North Eastern Railway at the Grouping in 1923...
Darlington and Barnard Castle railway (1858–1964). In the hamlet was the Railway Inn, the fairly large Bridge House, and Carlbury's own bridge over Dyance Beck, which in turn powered Carlbury Mill. The mill
Factory
A factory or manufacturing plant is an industrial building where laborers manufacture goods or supervise machines processing one product into another. Most modern factories have large warehouses or warehouse-like facilities that contain heavy equipment used for assembly line production...
burned down at night in 1889, discovered by a hapless cyclist who, despite great effort by telegraph
Telegraphy
Telegraphy is the long-distance transmission of messages via some form of signalling technology. Telegraphy requires messages to be converted to a code which is known to both sender and receiver...
from Piercebridge and then by pedalling to Darlington
Darlington
Darlington is a market town in the Borough of Darlington, part of the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. It lies on the small River Skerne, a tributary of the River Tees, not far from the main river. It is the main population centre in the borough, with a population of 97,838 as of 2001...
, was unable to raise the fire brigade in time to save the mill. The hamlet was mostly derelict by 1939, and all but a few buildings were demolished after World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
in the 1940s before the A67
A67 road
The A67 is a road in England that links Bowes in County Durham with Crathorne in North Yorkshire.-Route:*Bowes *Barnard Castle*Gainford*Piercebridge*Darlington*Durham Tees Valley Airport*Egglescliffe*Yarm...
was built.
Carlbury Hill and Carlbury Hall
During the Civil WarEnglish Civil War
The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists...
on 1 December 1642 a contingent of Royalists
Cavalier
Cavalier was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I and son Charles II during the English Civil War, the Interregnum, and the Restoration...
, led by the Earl of Newcastle and travelling south along Dere Street
Dere Street
Dere Street or Deere Street, was a Roman road between Eboracum and Veluniate, in what is now Scotland. It still exists in the form of the route of many major roads, including the A1 and A68 just north of Corbridge.Its name corresponds with the post Roman Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Deira, through...
, met a group of Parliamentarians
Roundhead
"Roundhead" was the nickname given to the supporters of the Parliament during the English Civil War. Also known as Parliamentarians, they fought against King Charles I and his supporters, the Cavaliers , who claimed absolute power and the divine right of kings...
, led by Captain Hotham
John Hotham the younger
Sir John Hotham the younger was the eldest son of John Hotham and an English Member of Parliament during the civil war....
and travelling north, in a dispute over the bridge at Piercebridge
Piercebridge
Piercebridge is a village and civil parish in the borough of Darlington and the ceremonial county of Durham, England. It is situated a few miles west of the town of Darlington. It is on the site of a Roman fort of AD 260-270, which was built at the point where Dere Street crossed the River Tees....
. The Royalists won the day by erecting a battery
Artillery battery
In military organizations, an artillery battery is a unit of guns, mortars, rockets or missiles so grouped in order to facilitate better battlefield communication and command and control, as well as to provide dispersion for its constituent gunnery crews and their systems...
on Carlbury Hill, which higher position had an advantage over the opposition's battery on the other side of the river. Cannon balls
Round shot
Round shot is a solid projectile without explosive charge, fired from a cannon. As the name implies, round shot is spherical; its diameter is slightly less than the bore of the gun it is fired from.Round shot was made in early times from dressed stone, but by the 17th century, from iron...
and human bones from this battleground
Theater (warfare)
In warfare, a theater, is defined as an area or place within which important military events occur or are progressing. The entirety of the air, land, and sea area that is or that may potentially become involved in war operations....
have been found on the banks of the river. On 9 December 1672, Jane Hill fell from the hill and died four days afterwards.
In 1875 on that same Carlbury Hill, architect John Ross built Carlbury Hall in Scots baronial style for National Provincial Bank
National Provincial Bank
National Provincial Bank was a British retail bank which operated in England and Wales from 1833 until its merger into the National Westminster Bank in 1970; it remains a registered company but is dormant...
manager Thomas McLachlan; McLachlan is said to have chosen the site where the view of the River Tees
River Tees
The River Tees is in Northern England. It rises on the eastern slope of Cross Fell in the North Pennines, and flows eastwards for 85 miles to reach the North Sea between Hartlepool and Redcar.-Geography:...
would remind him of Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
. By 1905 Carlbury Hall was in the hands of James Backhouse Dale (born 1855), a company director of Hordern Collieries Ltd, and between 1909 and 1929 it was owned by John Henry Pease
Pease family (Darlington)
The Pease family was a prominent English and mostly Quaker family associated with Darlington and County Durham and descended from Joseph Pease of Darlington, son of Edward Pease . They were 'one of the great Quaker industrialist families of the nineteenth century, who played a leading role in...
, a member of Cleveland Naturalists' Field Club. In 2003 it sold for £535,000.
Archaeology
Smotherlaw BarrowTumulus
A tumulus is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, Hügelgrab or kurgans, and can be found throughout much of the world. A tumulus composed largely or entirely of stones is usually referred to as a cairn...
is a scheduled monument which was thought to be the site of a castle in 1902, although by 1992 it was understood to be an elongated mound without a ditch, reduced by ploughing and probably a Bronze Age
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons. Chronologically, it stands between the Stone Age and Iron Age...
burial mound. Mortaria dated around 170-180 AD
Anno Domini
and Before Christ are designations used to label or number years used with the Julian and Gregorian calendars....
with painted inscriptions have been found in Carlbury Vale west, and they could be associated with Piercebridge Roman Fort
Piercebridge Roman Fort
Piercebridge Roman Fort is a scheduled ancient monument situated in the village of Piercebridge on the banks of the River Tees in County Durham, England. There were Romans here from about 70 AD until at least the early 5th century...
.
Carlbury today
In 2005-2006, Carlbury still had 3.5 hectareHectare
The hectare is a metric unit of area defined as 10,000 square metres , and primarily used in the measurement of land. In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as being 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1/100 km2...
s of ancient woodland
Ancient woodland
Ancient woodland is a term used in the United Kingdom to refer specifically to woodland that has existed continuously since 1600 or before in England and Wales . Before those dates, planting of new woodland was uncommon, so a wood present in 1600 was likely to have developed naturally...
, classified as a Site of Nature Conservation Importance
Site of Nature Conservation Interest
Site of Nature Conservation Interest is a designation used in many parts of the United Kingdom to protect areas of importance for wildlife and geology at a county scale...
and a wildlife corridor
Wildlife corridor
A wildlife corridor or green corridor is an area of habitat connecting wildlife populations separated by human activities . This allows an exchange of individuals between populations, which may help prevent the negative effects of inbreeding and reduced genetic diversity that often occur within...
. Today High Carlbury is Carlbury Farm, and the remainder of Low Carlbury is next to the A67 road where there is Carlbury Hall. For a short time in the early 21st century this was a nursing home on Carlbury Hill. Also on the A67 is the Carlbury Arms which is listed by CAMRA
Campaign for Real Ale
The Campaign for Real Ale is an independent voluntary consumer organisation based in St Albans, England, whose main aims are promoting real ale, real cider and the traditional British pub...
and has a pudding club, and the Carlbury milestone
Milestone
A milestone is one of a series of numbered markers placed along a road or boundary at intervals of one mile or occasionally, parts of a mile. They are typically located at the side of the road or in a median. They are alternatively known as mile markers, mileposts or mile posts...
which is Grade II listed but said to be in poor condition. However in 2005 Darlington Council saw fit to upgrade the bus shelters at the Carlbury Arms and Carlbury Hall stops. Carlbury Garden Centre is north of the Carlbury Arms, on Station Road. Between the milestone and the river there is a field
Field (agriculture)
In agriculture, the word field refers generally to an area of land enclosed or otherwise and used for agricultural purposes such as:* Cultivating crops* Usage as a paddock or, generally, an enclosure of livestock...
and a little bridge over stone channels where the mill race
Mill race
A mill race, raceway or mill lade is the current or channel of a stream, especially one for conducting water to or from a water wheel or other device for utilizing its energy...
once was; Carlbury Bridge is now a Grade II listed building. The hamlet is on the Piercebridge Circular Walk route.
See also
- Abandoned villageAbandoned villageAn abandoned village is a village that has, for some reason, been deserted. In many countries, and throughout history, thousands of villages were deserted for a variety of causes...
- Deserted medieval villageDeserted medieval villageIn the United Kingdom, a deserted medieval village is a former settlement which was abandoned during the Middle Ages, typically leaving no trace apart from earthworks or cropmarks. If there are fewer than three inhabited houses the convention is to regard the site as deserted; if there are more...
- List of lost settlements in the United Kingdom