AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro
Encyclopedia
The AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro is a class of driverless electric multiple unit
s and corresponding signaling system. Manufactured by AnsaldoBreda of Italy, it is or will be used on the Copenhagen Metro
, the Brescia Metrobus
, the Thessaloniki Metro
, Line 5
of the Milan Metro
, Line C
of the Rome Metro
and the Yellow Line
of the Taipei Rapid Transit System
. The first system to take the class into use was Copenhagen, which opened in 2002. The next systems are under construction and will open in 2011 and 2012.
The rolling stock consists of three to six articulated car
s, making the trains 39 metre long. All but one system is 2.65 metres (8.7 ft) wide, and all use standard gauge
. Each car has a power output of 210 or, fed from a third rail
at 750 volt
s (except in Rome). The systems are fully automated, consisting of automatic train protection
(ATP), automatic train operation
(ATO) and automatic train supervision.
The rolling stock uses standardized car bodies, articulated together. The number of cars varies from the origins of the metro, but average three to six, making the trains from 39 metre long. They are 2.65 metres (8.7 ft) wide, except the Rome Metro-units, which are 2.85 metres (9.4 ft). The units vary from 3.4 metre tall. Each car has two doors on each side, which are 1.3 metre wide and 1.945 metre tall. The vehicles are designed by Giugiaro Design
.
The three and four-car trains have six three-phase
asynchronous
motors
per train, with each motor giving a power output of 105 kW, giving each train a power output of 630 or. In each car, the two motors are fed by the car's own insulated-gate bipolar transistor. They transform the 750-volt (1,500 V in Rome) direct current collected from the third rail shoe
to the three-phase alternating current used in the motors. The trains' top speeds are 80 or, with an acceleration and deceleration capacity of 1.3 m/s2 (4.3 ft/s2). The track is standard gauge
and has platform screen doors at underground stations.
(ATC) consists of three subsystems: automatic train protection (ATP), automatic train operation (ATO) and automatic train supervision (ATS). The ATP is responsible for keeping the trains' speed, insuring that doors are closed before departure and insuring that switches
are correctly set. The system uses fixed block signaling, except around stations, where moving block signaling is used. The system has been designed and built by Union Switch & Signal
.
The ATO is the autopilot
that drives the trains after a predefined schedule, ensures that the train stop at stations and operates the doors. The ATS keeps track of all components of the network, including the rails and all trains on the system, and displays a live schematic at the control center. The ATC is designed so that only the ATP is safety-critical, and will halt trains if the other systems have faults. Other aspects of the system, such a power supply, ventilation, security alarms, cameras and pumps, are controlled by a system called "control, regulating and surveillance".
The most common repairs are the grinding of the wheels; more complicated repairs are made by replacing entire components that are sent to the manufacturer. By having components in reserve, trains can have shorter maintenance times. The center also has the system's work trains, including a diesel locomotive that can fetch broken trains. At any time, there are four people working at the control center. Two monitor the ATC system, one monitors passenger information, while the last is responsible for secondary systems, such as power supply. In case of technical problems, there is always a team of linemen that can be sent to perform repairs. Although the trains are not equipped with drivers, there are stewards that help passengers, perform ticket controls and assist in emergency situations.
, Italy. The 18 kilometres (11.2 mi) system will be built in three stages, and have 23 stations. The system will feature a 90-second headway. ASM Brescia have ordered 18 trains for the Metrobus.
and M2
, that run 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi) serving 22 stations. The system opened between 2002 and 2007, and connects the city center to the areas of Frederiksberg
and Amager
, and Copenhagen Airport
. The next extension, the City Circle Line, is under construction, and planned to open in 2018. Metroselskabet took delivery of 34 three-car units between 2002 and 2007, and operates with a headway
of between two and twenty minutes, including an all-night service. In April 2008, the Copenhagen Metro won the award at MetroRail 2008 for the world's best metro.
's Line 5, currently under construction, will connect the suburbs of Bignami to San Siro Stadium through Porta Garibaldi station
. The line will be built in several steps, with the first planned to open in 2011 and the fourth planned to open in 2015. Further extensions are in planning. The first stage, of 5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi), will cost €500 million. The headway will be 75 seconds.
's Line C, currently under construction, will be 25.5 kilometres (15.8 mi) long, of which 17.6 kilometres (10.9 mi) will be underground. The line will have 30 stations, of which 21 will be underground, and carry up to 24,000 passengers per hour in each direction. Metropolitana di Roma has taken order of thirty six-car units, which are 20 centimetres (7.9 in) wider than the other systems' vehicles, and capable of carrying 1,200 passengers per train. Average speed on the system will be 35 km/h (21.7 mph), with the headway varying from three to twelve minutes. Construction of the system is estimated to cost €3 billion, and will open in three stages, in 2011, 2013 and 2015.
Electric multiple unit
An electric multiple unit or EMU is a multiple unit train consisting of self-propelled carriages, using electricity as the motive power. An EMU requires no separate locomotive, as electric traction motors are incorporated within one or a number of the carriages...
s and corresponding signaling system. Manufactured by AnsaldoBreda of Italy, it is or will be used on the Copenhagen Metro
Copenhagen Metro
Copenhagen Metro is a rapid transit system serving Copenhagen, Frederiksberg and Tårnby in Denmark. The system opened between 2002 and 2007, and has two lines, M1 and M2. The driverless light metro supplements the larger S-train rapid transit system, and is integrated with DSB local trains and...
, the Brescia Metrobus
Brescia Metrobus
The Brescia Metrobus is a rapid transit network under construction in the Italian city of Brescia. The first line will be 13.1 km long, with 17 stations from Buffalora to Prealpino....
, the Thessaloniki Metro
Thessaloniki Metro
The Thessaloniki Metropolitan Railway , or Thessaloniki Metro , is an underground rapid transit system under construction in Thessaloniki, Greece.-The project:...
, Line 5
Milan Metro Line 5
Line 5 is an under construction line of the Milan Metro, Italy, that will connect the downtown Porta Garibaldi railway station with the north-eastern suburb, at the via Bignami-viale Testi intersection. The line will be built in several steps, with the first planned to open in 2012 and the fourth...
of the Milan Metro
Milan Metro
The Milan Metro is the rapid transit system serving Milan, Italy, operated by Azienda Trasporti Milanesi. Milan metro is the longest metro system in Italy, and is the core of the Milan Transportation System...
, Line C
Line C (Rome Metro)
Line C will be the third line of the metro system of Rome, Italy. It will be the first fully automated line in the city.The line is currently under construction, and the first part is scheduled to open by June 2012...
of the Rome Metro
Rome Metro
The Rome Metro is an underground public transportation system that operates in Rome, Italy and opened in 1955. There are currently two metro lines, the A line and the B line . A third line, the green C line, and a new branch of the B line, are currently under construction. Plans have also been...
and the Yellow Line
Yellow Line (TRTS)
The Yellow Line is a line of the Taipei Rapid Transit System in Taipei and New Taipei, Taiwan, currently under construction with the first section scheduled to open in 2015. The remaining sections are still under planning.- Sections :-Stations:...
of the Taipei Rapid Transit System
Taipei Rapid Transit System
The Taipei Metro, more commonly known as the MRT or formally as the Taipei Rapid Transit System, is a rapid transit system serving metropolitan Taipei in Taiwan. The system is built and operated by the Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation and consists of 89 stations and of revenue track...
. The first system to take the class into use was Copenhagen, which opened in 2002. The next systems are under construction and will open in 2011 and 2012.
The rolling stock consists of three to six articulated car
Articulated car
Articulated cars are rail vehicles which are consist of a number of smaller, lighter cars which are semi-permanently attached to each other and which share common trucks. They are much longer than single passenger cars, and on the TGV Réseau, for example, 8 cars are joined this way...
s, making the trains 39 metre long. All but one system is 2.65 metres (8.7 ft) wide, and all use standard gauge
Standard gauge
The standard gauge is a widely-used track gauge . Approximately 60% of the world's existing railway lines are built to this gauge...
. Each car has a power output of 210 or, fed from a third rail
Third rail
A third rail is a method of providing electric power to a railway train, through a semi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a railway track. It is used typically in a mass transit or rapid transit system, which has alignments in its own corridors, fully or almost...
at 750 volt
Volt
The volt is the SI derived unit for electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force. The volt is named in honor of the Italian physicist Alessandro Volta , who invented the voltaic pile, possibly the first chemical battery.- Definition :A single volt is defined as the...
s (except in Rome). The systems are fully automated, consisting of automatic train protection
Automatic Train Protection
Automatic Train Protection in Great Britain refers to either of two implementations of a train protection system installed in some trains in order to help prevent collisions through a driver's failure to observe a signal or speed restriction...
(ATP), automatic train operation
Automatic train operation
Automatic train operation ensures partial or complete automatic train piloting and driverless functions.Most systems elect to maintain a driver to mitigate risks associated with failures or emergencies....
(ATO) and automatic train supervision.
Rolling stock
Italdesign Giugiaro
Italdesign-Giugiaro S.p.A is an automobile design and engineering company based in Moncalieri, Italy founded in 1968 by Giorgetto Giugiaro and Aldo Mantovani as Studi Italiani Realizzazione Prototipi S.p.A...
.
The three and four-car trains have six three-phase
Three-phase
In electrical engineering, three-phase electric power systems have at least three conductors carrying voltage waveforms that are radians offset in time...
asynchronous
Induction motor
An induction or asynchronous motor is a type of AC motor where power is supplied to the rotor by means of electromagnetic induction. These motors are widely used in industrial drives, particularly polyphase induction motors, because they are robust and have no brushes...
motors
Electric motor
An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.Most electric motors operate through the interaction of magnetic fields and current-carrying conductors to generate force...
per train, with each motor giving a power output of 105 kW, giving each train a power output of 630 or. In each car, the two motors are fed by the car's own insulated-gate bipolar transistor. They transform the 750-volt (1,500 V in Rome) direct current collected from the third rail shoe
Third rail
A third rail is a method of providing electric power to a railway train, through a semi-continuous rigid conductor placed alongside or between the rails of a railway track. It is used typically in a mass transit or rapid transit system, which has alignments in its own corridors, fully or almost...
to the three-phase alternating current used in the motors. The trains' top speeds are 80 or, with an acceleration and deceleration capacity of 1.3 m/s2 (4.3 ft/s2). The track is standard gauge
Standard gauge
The standard gauge is a widely-used track gauge . Approximately 60% of the world's existing railway lines are built to this gauge...
and has platform screen doors at underground stations.
| System | Line | Opening date | Trains | Cars | Length | Width | Power | Speed | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| m | ft | m | ft | kW | hp | km/h | mph | |||||
| Brescia Brescia Metrobus The Brescia Metrobus is a rapid transit network under construction in the Italian city of Brescia. The first line will be 13.1 km long, with 17 stations from Buffalora to Prealpino.... |
— | 2012 | 18 | 3 | 39 | 128 | 2.65 | 8.7 | 630 kW | 80 | 49.7 | |
| Copenhagen Copenhagen Metro Copenhagen Metro is a rapid transit system serving Copenhagen, Frederiksberg and Tårnby in Denmark. The system opened between 2002 and 2007, and has two lines, M1 and M2. The driverless light metro supplements the larger S-train rapid transit system, and is integrated with DSB local trains and... |
M1 M1 (Copenhagen) M1 of the Copenhagen Metro, colored green on the map, runs from Vanløse to Vestamager. It connects the Ørestad neighborhood of Copenhagen, Denmark, to the city center. The line is elevated while traveling through Øresund, while it runs in a tunnel below the city center... and M2 M2 (Copenhagen) M2 is a line of the Copenhagen Metro, colored yellow on the map. It runs from Vanløse to Lufthavnen through the center of Copenhagen, sharing track with the M1 from Vanløse to Christianshavn. The line was built along with M1 as part of the redevelopment of Ørestad. The principle of the line was... |
2002 | 34 | 3 | 39 | 128 | 2.65 | 8.7 | 630 kW | 90 | 55.9 | |
| Milan Milan Metro The Milan Metro is the rapid transit system serving Milan, Italy, operated by Azienda Trasporti Milanesi. Milan metro is the longest metro system in Italy, and is the core of the Milan Transportation System... |
Line 5 | 2011 | — | 4 | 39 | 128 | 2.65 | 8.7 | 630 kW | 80 | 49.7 | |
| Rome Rome Metro The Rome Metro is an underground public transportation system that operates in Rome, Italy and opened in 1955. There are currently two metro lines, the A line and the B line . A third line, the green C line, and a new branch of the B line, are currently under construction. Plans have also been... |
Line C Line C (Rome Metro) Line C will be the third line of the metro system of Rome, Italy. It will be the first fully automated line in the city.The line is currently under construction, and the first part is scheduled to open by June 2012... |
2011 | 30 | 6 | 109.4 | 358.9 | 2.85 | 9.4 | — | — | 90 | 55.9 |
| Taipei Taipei Rapid Transit System The Taipei Metro, more commonly known as the MRT or formally as the Taipei Rapid Transit System, is a rapid transit system serving metropolitan Taipei in Taiwan. The system is built and operated by the Taipei Rapid Transit Corporation and consists of 89 stations and of revenue track... |
Circular Line Yellow Line (TRTS) The Yellow Line is a line of the Taipei Rapid Transit System in Taipei and New Taipei, Taiwan, currently under construction with the first section scheduled to open in 2015. The remaining sections are still under planning.- Sections :-Stations:... |
2015 | 17 | 4 | 68 | 223.1 | 2.65 | 8.7 | — | — | 80 | 49.7 |
| Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Metro The Thessaloniki Metropolitan Railway , or Thessaloniki Metro , is an underground rapid transit system under construction in Thessaloniki, Greece.-The project:... |
— | 2014 | 18 | 4 | 51 | 167.3 | 2.65 | 8.7 | 764 kW | 90 | 55.9 | |
Automation
The systems are controlled by a fully automated computer system, located at the control and maintenance center. The automatic train controlAutomatic Train Control
Automatic Train Control is a train protection system for railways, ensuring the safe and smooth operation of trains on ATC-enabled lines. Its main advantages include making possible the use of cab signalling instead of track-side signals and the use of smooth deceleration patterns in lieu of the...
(ATC) consists of three subsystems: automatic train protection (ATP), automatic train operation (ATO) and automatic train supervision (ATS). The ATP is responsible for keeping the trains' speed, insuring that doors are closed before departure and insuring that switches
Railroad switch
A railroad switch, turnout or [set of] points is a mechanical installation enabling railway trains to be guided from one track to another at a railway junction....
are correctly set. The system uses fixed block signaling, except around stations, where moving block signaling is used. The system has been designed and built by Union Switch & Signal
Union Switch & Signal
Union Switch and Signal was a supplier of railway signaling equipment, systems and services in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. As of January 1, 2009, US&S is known as Ansaldo STS USA.-History:...
.
Autopilot
An autopilot is a mechanical, electrical, or hydraulic system used to guide a vehicle without assistance from a human being. An autopilot can refer specifically to aircraft, self-steering gear for boats, or auto guidance of space craft and missiles...
that drives the trains after a predefined schedule, ensures that the train stop at stations and operates the doors. The ATS keeps track of all components of the network, including the rails and all trains on the system, and displays a live schematic at the control center. The ATC is designed so that only the ATP is safety-critical, and will halt trains if the other systems have faults. Other aspects of the system, such a power supply, ventilation, security alarms, cameras and pumps, are controlled by a system called "control, regulating and surveillance".
The most common repairs are the grinding of the wheels; more complicated repairs are made by replacing entire components that are sent to the manufacturer. By having components in reserve, trains can have shorter maintenance times. The center also has the system's work trains, including a diesel locomotive that can fetch broken trains. At any time, there are four people working at the control center. Two monitor the ATC system, one monitors passenger information, while the last is responsible for secondary systems, such as power supply. In case of technical problems, there is always a team of linemen that can be sent to perform repairs. Although the trains are not equipped with drivers, there are stewards that help passengers, perform ticket controls and assist in emergency situations.
Brescia
The Brescia Metrobus is a new system planned to open 2013 in BresciaBrescia
Brescia is a city and comune in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Alps, between the Mella and the Naviglio, with a population of around 197,000. It is the second largest city in Lombardy, after the capital, Milan...
, Italy. The 18 kilometres (11.2 mi) system will be built in three stages, and have 23 stations. The system will feature a 90-second headway. ASM Brescia have ordered 18 trains for the Metrobus.
Copenhagen
The Copenhagen Metro, Denmark, consists of two lines, M1M1 (Copenhagen)
M1 of the Copenhagen Metro, colored green on the map, runs from Vanløse to Vestamager. It connects the Ørestad neighborhood of Copenhagen, Denmark, to the city center. The line is elevated while traveling through Øresund, while it runs in a tunnel below the city center...
and M2
M2 (Copenhagen)
M2 is a line of the Copenhagen Metro, colored yellow on the map. It runs from Vanløse to Lufthavnen through the center of Copenhagen, sharing track with the M1 from Vanløse to Christianshavn. The line was built along with M1 as part of the redevelopment of Ørestad. The principle of the line was...
, that run 20.5 kilometres (12.7 mi) serving 22 stations. The system opened between 2002 and 2007, and connects the city center to the areas of Frederiksberg
Frederiksberg
Frederiksberg Kommune is a municipality on the island of Zealand in Denmark. It surrounded by the city of Copenhagen. The municipality, co-extensive with its seat, covers an area of and has a total population of 98,782 making it the smallest municipality in Denmark area-wise, the fifth most...
and Amager
Amager
Amager is a Danish island in the Øresund. The Danish capital, Copenhagen, is partly situated on Amager, which is connected to the much larger island of Zealand by five bridges.-History:...
, and Copenhagen Airport
Copenhagen Airport
Copenhagen Airport is the main international airport serving Copenhagen, Denmark and the Oresund Region. It is located on the island of Amager, south of Copenhagen city centre, and west of Malmö city centre on the other side of the Oresund Bridge. The airport lies mainly in the municipality...
. The next extension, the City Circle Line, is under construction, and planned to open in 2018. Metroselskabet took delivery of 34 three-car units between 2002 and 2007, and operates with a headway
Headway
Headway is a measurement of the distance/time between vehicles in a transit system. The precise definition varies depending on the application, but it is most commonly measured as the distance from the tip of one vehicle to the tip of the next one behind it, expressed as the time it will take for...
of between two and twenty minutes, including an all-night service. In April 2008, the Copenhagen Metro won the award at MetroRail 2008 for the world's best metro.
Milan
The Milan MetroMilan Metro
The Milan Metro is the rapid transit system serving Milan, Italy, operated by Azienda Trasporti Milanesi. Milan metro is the longest metro system in Italy, and is the core of the Milan Transportation System...
's Line 5, currently under construction, will connect the suburbs of Bignami to San Siro Stadium through Porta Garibaldi station
Milano Porta Garibaldi railway station
Milano Porta Garibaldi is a major station in the Italian city of Milan, located just to the north of the neighbourhood known as Porta Garibaldi...
. The line will be built in several steps, with the first planned to open in 2011 and the fourth planned to open in 2015. Further extensions are in planning. The first stage, of 5.6 kilometres (3.5 mi), will cost €500 million. The headway will be 75 seconds.
Rome
Rome MetroRome Metro
The Rome Metro is an underground public transportation system that operates in Rome, Italy and opened in 1955. There are currently two metro lines, the A line and the B line . A third line, the green C line, and a new branch of the B line, are currently under construction. Plans have also been...
's Line C, currently under construction, will be 25.5 kilometres (15.8 mi) long, of which 17.6 kilometres (10.9 mi) will be underground. The line will have 30 stations, of which 21 will be underground, and carry up to 24,000 passengers per hour in each direction. Metropolitana di Roma has taken order of thirty six-car units, which are 20 centimetres (7.9 in) wider than the other systems' vehicles, and capable of carrying 1,200 passengers per train. Average speed on the system will be 35 km/h (21.7 mph), with the headway varying from three to twelve minutes. Construction of the system is estimated to cost €3 billion, and will open in three stages, in 2011, 2013 and 2015.