Yitzhak Klinghoffer
Encyclopedia
Yitzhak Hans Klinghoffer was an Israel
i jurist and politician.
. He studied Law
and Political Science
at the University of Vienna
, where he received Doctorate in Law
in 1927 and in Political Science in 1930.
When Germany annexed Austria he moved to France
but in 1940 he had to move again, this time to Brazil
. In Brazil he was Science Advisor to the American
Delegate in the International Jurisprudence Convention in Rio de Janeiro
from 1946 to 1948 and Legal Advisor to the Austrian Embassy in Brazil between 1948 and 1953.
In 1953 he immigrated
to Israel and landed a professor position in the Law Faculty of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
, where he was Senior Lecturer (1953–1954), Associate Professor (1957–1968), Dean of Law Faculty (1959–1961) and Tenured Professor (1968–1974). He was Legal Advisor to the Comptroller of the Defense Establishment in the years 1975-1976. He was also President of the Association for Civil Rights in Israel
from 1976 to 1982.
In 1961 he was one of the founders of the Liberal Party
and was elected to the 5th Knesset
. The party later merged with Herut
into Gahal
, for which he was elected to the 6th
and 7th
Knesset
s.
He is known for his contributions to Israeli Constitutional
and Administrative Law
. In 1964 he proposed to the Knesset an extensive Bill of Rights
Act. Although it was turned down, it had an impact on later Basic Laws of Israel
, especially Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty
.
Israel
The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea...
i jurist and politician.
Biography
Klinghoffer was born in Galicia (today in Poland), but grew up in ViennaVienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
. He studied Law
Law
Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus...
and Political Science
Political science
Political Science is a social science discipline concerned with the study of the state, government and politics. Aristotle defined it as the study of the state. It deals extensively with the theory and practice of politics, and the analysis of political systems and political behavior...
at the University of Vienna
University of Vienna
The University of Vienna is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world...
, where he received Doctorate in Law
Doctor of law
Doctor of Law or Doctor of Laws is a doctoral degree in law. The application of the term varies from country to country, and includes degrees such as the LL.D., Ph.D., J.D., J.S.D., and Dr. iur.-Argentina:...
in 1927 and in Political Science in 1930.
When Germany annexed Austria he moved to France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
but in 1940 he had to move again, this time to Brazil
Brazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
. In Brazil he was Science Advisor to the American
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
Delegate in the International Jurisprudence Convention in Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro
Rio de Janeiro , commonly referred to simply as Rio, is the capital city of the State of Rio de Janeiro, the second largest city of Brazil, and the third largest metropolitan area and agglomeration in South America, boasting approximately 6.3 million people within the city proper, making it the 6th...
from 1946 to 1948 and Legal Advisor to the Austrian Embassy in Brazil between 1948 and 1953.
In 1953 he immigrated
Aliyah
Aliyah is the immigration of Jews to the Land of Israel . It is a basic tenet of Zionist ideology. The opposite action, emigration from Israel, is referred to as yerida . The return to the Holy Land has been a Jewish aspiration since the Babylonian exile...
to Israel and landed a professor position in the Law Faculty of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem ; ; abbreviated HUJI) is Israel's second-oldest university, after the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. The Hebrew University has three campuses in Jerusalem and one in Rehovot. The world's largest Jewish studies library is located on its Edmond J...
, where he was Senior Lecturer (1953–1954), Associate Professor (1957–1968), Dean of Law Faculty (1959–1961) and Tenured Professor (1968–1974). He was Legal Advisor to the Comptroller of the Defense Establishment in the years 1975-1976. He was also President of the Association for Civil Rights in Israel
Association for Civil Rights in Israel
The Association for Civil Rights in Israel was created as an independent non-partisan organization to protect human rights and civil rights in Israel and the territories under its control....
from 1976 to 1982.
In 1961 he was one of the founders of the Liberal Party
Liberal Party (Israel)
The Israeli Liberal Party was a political party in Israel and is one of the ancestors of the modern-day Likud.-History:The Liberal Party was formed on 8 May 1961, towards the end of the fourth Knesset, by a merger of the General Zionists and the Progressive Party, with the new party having 14...
and was elected to the 5th Knesset
Israeli legislative election, 1961
Elections for the fifth Knesset were held in Israel on 15 August 1961. Voter turnout was 81.6%.-Results:¹ Eight MKs broke away from Mapai to establish Rafi² Herut and the Liberal Party merged to form Gahal...
. The party later merged with Herut
Herut
Herut was the major right-wing political party in Israel from the 1940s until its formal merger into Likud in 1988, and an adherent of Revisionist Zionism.-History:...
into Gahal
Gahal
Gahal , lit. Herut-Liberals Bloc) was the major right-wing political faction in Israel led by Menachem Begin from its founding in 1965 until it merged into Likud in 1973.-Background:...
, for which he was elected to the 6th
Israeli legislative election, 1965
Elections for the sixth Knesset were held in Israel on 1 November 1965. Voter turnout was 85.9%.-Background:Prior to the elections, two major alliances were formed; Mapai and Ahdut HaAvoda united to form the Alignment, whilst Herut and the Liberal Party had formed the Gahal alliance towards the end...
and 7th
Israeli legislative election, 1969
Elections for the seventh Knesset were held in Israel on 28 October 1969. Voter turnout was 81.7%.-Results:¹ Meir Avizohar defected from the National List to the Alignment² Avner Shaki left the National Religious Party and remained a single MK...
Knesset
Knesset
The Knesset is the unicameral legislature of Israel, located in Givat Ram, Jerusalem.-Role in Israeli Government :The legislative branch of the Israeli government, the Knesset passes all laws, elects the President and Prime Minister , approves the cabinet, and supervises the work of the government...
s.
He is known for his contributions to Israeli Constitutional
Constitutional law
Constitutional law is the body of law which defines the relationship of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the legislature and the judiciary....
and Administrative Law
Administrative law
Administrative law is the body of law that governs the activities of administrative agencies of government. Government agency action can include rulemaking, adjudication, or the enforcement of a specific regulatory agenda. Administrative law is considered a branch of public law...
. In 1964 he proposed to the Knesset an extensive Bill of Rights
Bill of rights
A bill of rights is a list of the most important rights of the citizens of a country. The purpose of these bills is to protect those rights against infringement. The term "bill of rights" originates from England, where it referred to the Bill of Rights 1689. Bills of rights may be entrenched or...
Act. Although it was turned down, it had an impact on later Basic Laws of Israel
Basic Laws of Israel
The Basic Laws of Israel are a key component of Israel's constitutional law. These laws deal with the formation and role of the principal state's institutions, and the relations between the state's authorities. Some of them also protect civil rights...
, especially Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty
Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty (Israel)
Basic Law: Human Dignity and Liberty is a Basic Law, intended to protect main human rights in Israel. The view of most Supreme Court judges, is that the enactment of this law and of Basic Law: Freedom of Occupation began the Constitutional Revolution, due to the fact the Knesset gave these two laws...
.