Vladimir Ippolitovich Lipsky
Encyclopedia
Vladimir Ippolitovich Lipsky ' onMouseout='HidePop("41929")' href="/topics/Korets_Raion">Korets Raion
, Rivne Oblast
— 24 February 1937, Odessa
) was a Ukrainian scientist, botanist; a member of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (in 1922—1928 — its President) and corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and the Director of the Botanical Gardens of the Odessa University
.
of Rivne Oblast
). His father, grandfather and great grandfather were clergymen.
The Lipsky family moved to Zhitomir in 1873. Vladimir studied at the Zhitomir Upper Secondary School; he graduated from Pavel Galagan Collegium (magna cum laude) in 1881, and Kiev University
in 1887. The formation of Vladimir Lipsky as a scientist was considerably influenced by Johannes Schmalhausen
, who headed the Chair of Plant Taxonomy and Morphology.
He took part in scientific expeditions to the Caucasus
and Northern Iran
from 1889.
Between 1894 and 1917, Lipsky worked with the Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden
as Junior and Senior Conservator of the herbarium
, Chief Botanist, and eventually Head of the Living Plants Department.
Lipsky participated in scientific expeditions to the Caucasus
, Altai and Central Asia
conducting detailed studies of the Alpine flora
of the regions.
In 1917 he returned to Ukraine and actively participated in the creation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, holding the Botany Chair of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. He was the President of the Academy between 1922—1928. Between 1928—1933 he was the Director of the Botanical Gardens of the Odessa University
in Odessa.
, plant taxonomy
and phytogeography
of plants, herbarium work
, principles of organization of botanical garden
s, history of botany
. He became one of the first botanists to provide scientific descriptions of the flora
of Indonesia
, Tunisia
, Algeria
, and Central Asia
. In particular, Vladimir Lipsky described 4 new genus
es, and 220 new species
of plant, 45 of which are named after him. He also authored 82 printed works.
, Bessarabia
, Crimea
, Caucasus
and Central Asia
. Lipsky's first academic work appeared in 1889: Research in Flora of Bessarabia , where, inter alia, a new species of plants was described: Valerianella bessarabica. Vladimir published a number of his reports on his expeditions at the Proceedings of Kiev Society of Nature Researchers («Записки Київського товариства дослідників природи», Zapiski Kyivskogo Tovaristva Doslidnykiv Prirody).
Starting from 1889, Vladimir visited the Caucasus
several times to research the plants of the region. The journeys resulted in the description of about 40 new species and subvarieties of plants. In order to identify distinctive character of Caucasian flora and to do comparative studies, he also visited Northern Iran
. Lipsky published the results of the Caucasian flora studies in his treatise Flora of Caucasus. A Corpus of Information about Caucasian Flora for Bicentennial Period of its Research, starting from Tournefort
and ending by the 19th Century («Флора Кавказа. Свод сведений о флоре Кавказа за двухсотлетний период её исследования, начиная от Турнефора и кончая XIX веком»). In particular, the book lists 4,500 species of plants and provides accurate data of their distribution. The botanist described three new genuses of flowering plant
s: Beketowia, Orthorhiza and Schumannia. The following plants can be noted among new Caucasian plants described by Vladimir Lipsky: Dioscorea caucasica, Fagus orientalis, Levisticum caucasicum, Potentilla alexeenkoi, Tulipa caucasica, Hypericum ponticum, and many others.
highlands. The botanist explored southern slopes of Gissar Range
, Pamiro-Alai, Tian Shan
, Dzungarian Alatau
, Kopet Dag
, Fergana Valley
and Zeravshan Valley, becoming the first botanist visiting many of the areas. The expeditions resulted in more than thirty works and treatise
s, including:
In those treatises Lipsky revised botanical knowledge of the above areas, rectified errors of predecessors, and described about a hundred new species and four new genus
es: Korshinskia, Galagania, Koslovia, Ladyginia.
The botanist paid much attention to the history of the Petersburg Botanical Garden and its herbaria and collections. He published the results of his research in the following works:
Between 1900 and 1902 Vladimir Lipsky visited various countries studying herbaria and botanical gardens. In total, he succeeded in visiting all continent
s of the Earth, save for Australia
and Antarctica.
, on 30 December 1918, at the meeting of the UAS 2nd Physics and Mathematics Department, elected Vladimir Lipsky a director of new botanical garden in Kyiv. In addition to managing the Botanical Garden, Vladimir also chaired Flower Plant Chair of the UAS and participated actively in creation of various Academy structures, such as:
Also he represented the Academy at the Military and Industrial Committee.
In 1919 Vladimir Lipsky was unanimously elected an active member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences; in 1920 he was elected a member of the UAS Board, and in 1921 its Vice President.
Vladimir initiated creation of the UAS Botanical Garden, developed a plan of the Garden and started its actual creation in the yard of the Praesidium of the Academy of Sciences on Vladimirskaya Street in Kyiv. Today's Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences was formed in 1935 in the Kyiv district of Zverinets.
In August 1919, after Stepan Timoshenko, Secretary of the 2nd Department of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences left the country, Vladimir started acting as the Secretary, and in October 1921 he was elected Vice President of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. On a general meeting of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences held 12 June 1922, Vladimir Lipsky was elected its President.
Attempts by Soviet authorities to influence the activities of scientific institutions affected Lipsky's fate too. In order to examine the work of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, a commission of the Ukrainian People's Commissariat of Education was formed. In its findings the commission accused the management of the Academy, and first of all the Presidium headed by Lipsky, of failure to comply with Soviet laws, and charged them with political violations. The commission suggested immediate re-election of the President of the Academy, rerunning the procedure of confirming membership in the Academy, and establishing a rigid structure and personnel pool for the Academy. Communist Party leaders thought Vladimir Lipsky to be a 'politically inert' President, who delegated management of the Academy to Serhiy Yefremov
and Agatangel Krymsky. In 1928 Vladimir sent in his resignation from the position of the President of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.
, where he headed the Odessa Botanical Garden. During his work in Odessa, he greatly contributed to the research in the Botanical Garden and its expansion, training of young researchers and sorting and arranging the herbarium.
During 1927—1930 he studied algae
of the Black Sea
(in particular, in the vicinity of Karadag
hydrobiologic station), researched influence of vegetation of the Atmanaysky estuary in the Azov Sea on saline formation and deposition; he participated in the work of the Ukrainian Institute for resin
and rubber plants
. He was particularly interested in the studies of red Phyllophora. This algae
became raw material to manufacture iodine
and agar-agar, which were then imported from abroad. So called iodine
expeditions in the Black Sea were carried out in 1930—1931 on board of Sirena yacht, Drug Zhizni and Lyskovsky ships, and as a result, thanks to Vladimir Lipsky's efforts, the first in Ukraine iodine plant was opened in 1931 in Odessa.
Vladimir was Odessa Botanical Garden Director until 1933, then he resigned in protest against the ideas of Trofim Lysenko
and until his death he worked as a scientific consultant of the Odessa Botanical Garden. He made his last research trip to Uzbekistan
and Turkmenistan
in 1936.
Vladimir Lipsky died on 24 February 1937 in Odessa.
family and Lipskyella
of Asteraceae
family. 54 new species of plants were named after Vladimir Lipsky (including Stipa lipskyi, Euphorbia lipskyi, Thymus lipskyi, Acer lipskyi), which were included into floristic collections of all countries.
During the 1950s, the grave and tombstone of Vladimir Lipsky were destroyed and the place of his burial was lost. Only upon request of the Presidium of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, in 1990 the Executive Committee of the Odessa City Council issued a decree memorializing Academic Vladimir Lipsky.
Korets Raion
Korets Raion is a raion in Rivne Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Korets. It has a population of 39337.-External links:*...
, Rivne Oblast
Rivne Oblast
Rivne Oblast is an oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center is Rivne. The area of the region is 20,100 km²; its population is 1.2 million...
— 24 February 1937, Odessa
Odessa
Odessa or Odesa is the administrative center of the Odessa Oblast located in southern Ukraine. The city is a major seaport located on the northwest shore of the Black Sea and the fourth largest city in Ukraine with a population of 1,029,000 .The predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement,...
) was a Ukrainian scientist, botanist; a member of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (in 1922—1928 — its President) and corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and the Director of the Botanical Gardens of the Odessa University
Odessa University
The I. I. Mechnikov Odessa National University , located in Odessa, Ukraine, is one of the country's major universities. It was founded in 1865, by an edict of Czar Alexander II of Russia, reorganizing the Richelieu Lyceum of Odessa into the new Imperial Novorossiya University. In the Soviet...
.
Birth and education
Vladimir was born on the 11th March 1863 in the village of Samostrely (now Korets RaionKorets Raion
Korets Raion is a raion in Rivne Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Korets. It has a population of 39337.-External links:*...
of Rivne Oblast
Rivne Oblast
Rivne Oblast is an oblast of Ukraine. Its administrative center is Rivne. The area of the region is 20,100 km²; its population is 1.2 million...
). His father, grandfather and great grandfather were clergymen.
The Lipsky family moved to Zhitomir in 1873. Vladimir studied at the Zhitomir Upper Secondary School; he graduated from Pavel Galagan Collegium (magna cum laude) in 1881, and Kiev University
Kiev University
Taras Shevchenko University or officially the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , colloquially known in Ukrainian as KNU is located in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. It is the third oldest university in Ukraine after the University of Lviv and Kharkiv University. Currently, its structure...
in 1887. The formation of Vladimir Lipsky as a scientist was considerably influenced by Johannes Schmalhausen
Johannes Theodor Schmalhausen
Johannes Theodor Schmalhausen was a botanist, known for his studies of East-European plants - External links :...
, who headed the Chair of Plant Taxonomy and Morphology.
Career
From 1887 to 1894 Vladimir Lipsky worked with the Botanical Garden of Kiev University first as conservator, then as assistant at the Chair of Botanics.He took part in scientific expeditions to the Caucasus
Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...
and Northern Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
from 1889.
Between 1894 and 1917, Lipsky worked with the Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden
Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden
The Saint Petersburg Botanical Garden, also known as the Botanic Gardens of the Komarov Botanical Institute or the Komarov Botanical Garden, is the oldest botanical garden in Russia, consisting of outdoor and rich indoor collections, which is situated on Aptekarsky Island in Saint Petersburg and...
as Junior and Senior Conservator of the herbarium
Herbarium
In botany, a herbarium – sometimes known by the Anglicized term herbar – is a collection of preserved plant specimens. These specimens may be whole plants or plant parts: these will usually be in a dried form, mounted on a sheet, but depending upon the material may also be kept in...
, Chief Botanist, and eventually Head of the Living Plants Department.
Lipsky participated in scientific expeditions to the Caucasus
Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...
, Altai and Central Asia
Central Asia
Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...
conducting detailed studies of the Alpine flora
Alpine tundra
Alpine tundra is a natural region that does not contain trees because it is at high altitude. Alpine tundra is distinguished from arctic tundra, because alpine soils are generally better drained than arctic soils...
of the regions.
In 1917 he returned to Ukraine and actively participated in the creation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, holding the Botany Chair of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. He was the President of the Academy between 1922—1928. Between 1928—1933 he was the Director of the Botanical Gardens of the Odessa University
Odessa University
The I. I. Mechnikov Odessa National University , located in Odessa, Ukraine, is one of the country's major universities. It was founded in 1865, by an edict of Czar Alexander II of Russia, reorganizing the Richelieu Lyceum of Odessa into the new Imperial Novorossiya University. In the Soviet...
in Odessa.
Research
Vladimir did research in the fields of floristicsFloristics
Floristics is a subdomain of botany and biogeography that studies distribution and relationships of plant species over geographic areas.The term is not to be confused with floristry....
, plant taxonomy
Plant taxonomy
Plant taxonomy is the science that finds, describes, classifies, identifies, and names plants. It thus is one of the main branches of taxonomy.Plant taxonomy is closely allied to plant systematics, and there is no sharp boundary between the two...
and phytogeography
Phytogeography
Phytogeography , also called geobotany, is the branch of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution of plant species...
of plants, herbarium work
Herbarium
In botany, a herbarium – sometimes known by the Anglicized term herbar – is a collection of preserved plant specimens. These specimens may be whole plants or plant parts: these will usually be in a dried form, mounted on a sheet, but depending upon the material may also be kept in...
, principles of organization of botanical garden
Botanical garden
A botanical garden The terms botanic and botanical, and garden or gardens are used more-or-less interchangeably, although the word botanic is generally reserved for the earlier, more traditional gardens. is a well-tended area displaying a wide range of plants labelled with their botanical names...
s, history of botany
Botany
Botany, plant science, or plant biology is a branch of biology that involves the scientific study of plant life. Traditionally, botany also included the study of fungi, algae and viruses...
. He became one of the first botanists to provide scientific descriptions of the flora
Flora
Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life. The corresponding term for animals is fauna.-Etymology:...
of Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
, Tunisia
Tunisia
Tunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...
, Algeria
Algeria
Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa and the Arab...
, and Central Asia
Central Asia
Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...
. In particular, Vladimir Lipsky described 4 new genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
es, and 220 new species
Species
In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank. A species is often defined as a group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. While in many cases this definition is adequate, more precise or differing measures are...
of plant, 45 of which are named after him. He also authored 82 printed works.
First Kiev period
Upon graduation from the University, Vladimir participated in numerous scientific expeditions: PodoliaPodolia
The region of Podolia is an historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, corresponding to Khmelnytskyi Oblast and Vinnytsia Oblast. Northern Transnistria, in Moldova, is also a part of Podolia...
, Bessarabia
Bessarabia
Bessarabia is a historical term for the geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west....
, Crimea
Crimea
Crimea , or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea , is a sub-national unit, an autonomous republic, of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name...
, Caucasus
Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...
and Central Asia
Central Asia
Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...
. Lipsky's first academic work appeared in 1889: Research in Flora of Bessarabia , where, inter alia, a new species of plants was described: Valerianella bessarabica. Vladimir published a number of his reports on his expeditions at the Proceedings of Kiev Society of Nature Researchers («Записки Київського товариства дослідників природи», Zapiski Kyivskogo Tovaristva Doslidnykiv Prirody).
Starting from 1889, Vladimir visited the Caucasus
Caucasus
The Caucasus, also Caucas or Caucasia , is a geopolitical region at the border of Europe and Asia, and situated between the Black and the Caspian sea...
several times to research the plants of the region. The journeys resulted in the description of about 40 new species and subvarieties of plants. In order to identify distinctive character of Caucasian flora and to do comparative studies, he also visited Northern Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
. Lipsky published the results of the Caucasian flora studies in his treatise Flora of Caucasus. A Corpus of Information about Caucasian Flora for Bicentennial Period of its Research, starting from Tournefort
Joseph Pitton de Tournefort
Joseph Pitton de Tournefort was a French botanist, notable as the first to make a clear definition of the concept of genus for plants.- Biography :...
and ending by the 19th Century («Флора Кавказа. Свод сведений о флоре Кавказа за двухсотлетний период её исследования, начиная от Турнефора и кончая XIX веком»). In particular, the book lists 4,500 species of plants and provides accurate data of their distribution. The botanist described three new genuses of flowering plant
Flowering plant
The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...
s: Beketowia, Orthorhiza and Schumannia. The following plants can be noted among new Caucasian plants described by Vladimir Lipsky: Dioscorea caucasica, Fagus orientalis, Levisticum caucasicum, Potentilla alexeenkoi, Tulipa caucasica, Hypericum ponticum, and many others.
St. Petersburg period
Starting from 1894 Lipsky worked at the botanical garden of St. Petersburg. From 1894 through 1896 he continued his studies of Caucasian plants commenced while in Kyiv. After 1896 he started researching alpine plants of Central AsiaCentral Asia
Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...
highlands. The botanist explored southern slopes of Gissar Range
Gissar Range
Gissar Range is a mountain range in Central Asia, in the western part of the Pamir-Alay system, stretching over 200 km in the general east-west direction across the territory of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan...
, Pamiro-Alai, Tian Shan
Tian Shan
The Tian Shan , also spelled Tien Shan, is a large mountain system located in Central Asia. The highest peak in the Tian Shan is Victory Peak , ....
, Dzungarian Alatau
Dzungarian Alatau
The Dzungarian Alatau is a mountain range that lies on the boundary of Xinjiang region of China and Kazakhstan. The range is named after Dzungaria. Length: cca...
, Kopet Dag
Kopet Dag
The Kopet Dag, Kopet Dagh, or Koppeh Dagh , also known as the Turkmen-Khorasan Mountain Range is a mountain range on the frontier between Turkmenistan and Iran, extending about 650 km along the border, east of the Caspian Sea. The highest peak of the range in Turkmenistan is southwest of the...
, Fergana Valley
Fergana Valley
The Fergana Valley or Farghana Valley is a region in Central Asia spreading across eastern Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Divided across three subdivisions of the former Soviet Union, the valley is ethnically diverse, and in the early 21st century was the scene of ethnic conflict...
and Zeravshan Valley, becoming the first botanist visiting many of the areas. The expeditions resulted in more than thirty works and treatise
Treatise
A treatise is a formal and systematic written discourse on some subject, generally longer and treating it in greater depth than an essay, and more concerned with investigating or exposing the principles of the subject.-Noteworthy treatises:...
s, including:
- Materials for Flora of Central Asia («Материалы для флоры Средней Азии»);
- Flora of Central Asia, i.e. Russian Turkestan and Bukhara and Khiva Khanates («Флора Средней Азии, то есть Русского Туркестана и ханств Бухары и Хивы»);
- Mountainous Bukhara («Горная Бухара»).
In those treatises Lipsky revised botanical knowledge of the above areas, rectified errors of predecessors, and described about a hundred new species and four new genus
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
es: Korshinskia, Galagania, Koslovia, Ladyginia.
The botanist paid much attention to the history of the Petersburg Botanical Garden and its herbaria and collections. He published the results of his research in the following works:
- Herbarium of the Saint-Petersburg Botanical Garden by the End of 75th year of its Existence, 1823—1898 («Гербарий С.-Петербургского ботанического сада к концу его 75-летнего существования, 1823—1898»),
- Historical Overview of Saint-Petersburg Botanical Garden, 1713—1913 («Исторический очерк С.-Петербургского ботанического сада, 1713—1913»),
- Biographies and Literary Activities of Botanists and Persons Associated with the Botanical Garden («Биографии и литературная деятельность ботаников и лиц, соприкасавшихся с ботаническим садом»).
Continent
A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth. They are generally identified by convention rather than any strict criteria, with seven regions commonly regarded as continents—they are : Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.Plate tectonics is...
s of the Earth, save for Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
and Antarctica.
Second Kiev period
Upon recommendation of the first President of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (UAS) Vladimir VernadskyVladimir Vernadsky
Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky was a Russian/Ukrainian and Soviet mineralogist and geochemist who is considered one of the founders of geochemistry, biogeochemistry, and of radiogeology. His ideas of noosphere were an important contribution to Russian cosmism. He also worked in Ukraine where he...
, on 30 December 1918, at the meeting of the UAS 2nd Physics and Mathematics Department, elected Vladimir Lipsky a director of new botanical garden in Kyiv. In addition to managing the Botanical Garden, Vladimir also chaired Flower Plant Chair of the UAS and participated actively in creation of various Academy structures, such as:
- UAS Committee for Studies of Natural Wealth of Ukraine (formed in March 1919),
- Committee for Studies of Ukrainian FaunaFaunaFauna or faunæ is all of the animal life of any particular region or time. The corresponding term for plants is flora.Zoologists and paleontologists use fauna to refer to a typical collection of animals found in a specific time or place, e.g. the "Sonoran Desert fauna" or the "Burgess shale fauna"...
, - Publishing Committee of the 2nd UAS Department,
- Encyclopedic Dictionary Committee (Head),
- Committee for Audit of UAS Library.
Also he represented the Academy at the Military and Industrial Committee.
In 1919 Vladimir Lipsky was unanimously elected an active member of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences; in 1920 he was elected a member of the UAS Board, and in 1921 its Vice President.
Vladimir initiated creation of the UAS Botanical Garden, developed a plan of the Garden and started its actual creation in the yard of the Praesidium of the Academy of Sciences on Vladimirskaya Street in Kyiv. Today's Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences was formed in 1935 in the Kyiv district of Zverinets.
In August 1919, after Stepan Timoshenko, Secretary of the 2nd Department of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences left the country, Vladimir started acting as the Secretary, and in October 1921 he was elected Vice President of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. On a general meeting of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences held 12 June 1922, Vladimir Lipsky was elected its President.
Attempts by Soviet authorities to influence the activities of scientific institutions affected Lipsky's fate too. In order to examine the work of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, a commission of the Ukrainian People's Commissariat of Education was formed. In its findings the commission accused the management of the Academy, and first of all the Presidium headed by Lipsky, of failure to comply with Soviet laws, and charged them with political violations. The commission suggested immediate re-election of the President of the Academy, rerunning the procedure of confirming membership in the Academy, and establishing a rigid structure and personnel pool for the Academy. Communist Party leaders thought Vladimir Lipsky to be a 'politically inert' President, who delegated management of the Academy to Serhiy Yefremov
Serhiy Yefremov
Serhiy Yefremov was a Ukrainian literary journalist, historian, critic, political activist, statesman, and academician. He was a member of the Ukrainian Academy of Science and Shevchenko Scientific Society in Lviv...
and Agatangel Krymsky. In 1928 Vladimir sent in his resignation from the position of the President of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.
Odessa period
On 21 June 1928, having resigned as the President of the Academy, Vladimir Lipsky moved to OdessaOdessa
Odessa or Odesa is the administrative center of the Odessa Oblast located in southern Ukraine. The city is a major seaport located on the northwest shore of the Black Sea and the fourth largest city in Ukraine with a population of 1,029,000 .The predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement,...
, where he headed the Odessa Botanical Garden. During his work in Odessa, he greatly contributed to the research in the Botanical Garden and its expansion, training of young researchers and sorting and arranging the herbarium.
During 1927—1930 he studied algae
Algae
Algae are a large and diverse group of simple, typically autotrophic organisms, ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms, such as the giant kelps that grow to 65 meters in length. They are photosynthetic like plants, and "simple" because their tissues are not organized into the many...
of the Black Sea
Black Sea
The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...
(in particular, in the vicinity of Karadag
Karadag
-Places:* Montenegro, European country* Karadag, Karaman, extinct volcano in Turkey* Karadagly, Agdam, Azerbaijan* Qaradağ, Agsu, Azerbaijan* Qaradağ, Baku, Azerbaijan* Qaradağ, Gadabay, Azerbaijan...
hydrobiologic station), researched influence of vegetation of the Atmanaysky estuary in the Azov Sea on saline formation and deposition; he participated in the work of the Ukrainian Institute for resin
Resin
Resin in the most specific use of the term is a hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, particularly coniferous trees. Resins are valued for their chemical properties and associated uses, such as the production of varnishes, adhesives, and food glazing agents; as an important source of raw materials...
and rubber plants
Para rubber tree
Hevea brasiliensis, the Pará rubber tree, often simply called rubber tree, is a tree belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, and the most economically important member of the genus Hevea...
. He was particularly interested in the studies of red Phyllophora. This algae
Algae
Algae are a large and diverse group of simple, typically autotrophic organisms, ranging from unicellular to multicellular forms, such as the giant kelps that grow to 65 meters in length. They are photosynthetic like plants, and "simple" because their tissues are not organized into the many...
became raw material to manufacture iodine
Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is pronounced , , or . The name is from the , meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vapor....
and agar-agar, which were then imported from abroad. So called iodine
Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is pronounced , , or . The name is from the , meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vapor....
expeditions in the Black Sea were carried out in 1930—1931 on board of Sirena yacht, Drug Zhizni and Lyskovsky ships, and as a result, thanks to Vladimir Lipsky's efforts, the first in Ukraine iodine plant was opened in 1931 in Odessa.
Vladimir was Odessa Botanical Garden Director until 1933, then he resigned in protest against the ideas of Trofim Lysenko
Trofim Lysenko
Trofim Denisovich Lysenko was a Soviet agronomist of Ukrainian origin, who was director of Soviet biology under Joseph Stalin. Lysenko rejected Mendelian genetics in favor of the hybridization theories of Russian horticulturist Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, and adopted them into a powerful...
and until his death he worked as a scientific consultant of the Odessa Botanical Garden. He made his last research trip to Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan
Uzbekistan , officially the Republic of Uzbekistan is a doubly landlocked country in Central Asia and one of the six independent Turkic states. It shares borders with Kazakhstan to the west and to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east, and Afghanistan and Turkmenistan to the south....
and Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
in 1936.
Vladimir Lipsky died on 24 February 1937 in Odessa.
Some plants discovered by or named after Vladimir Lipsky
- Fagus orientalis
- Artemisia lipskyi
- Inula magnifica Lipsky
Memory
Two new genuses were named after Vladimir Lipsky: Lipskya of ApiaceaeApiaceae
The Apiaceae , commonly known as carrot or parsley family, is a group of mostly aromatic plants with hollow stems. The family is large, with more than 3,700 species spread across 434 genera, it is the sixteenth largest family of flowering plants...
family and Lipskyella
Lipskyella
Lipskyella is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family....
of Asteraceae
Asteraceae
The Asteraceae or Compositae , is an exceedingly large and widespread family of vascular plants. The group has more than 22,750 currently accepted species, spread across 1620 genera and 12 subfamilies...
family. 54 new species of plants were named after Vladimir Lipsky (including Stipa lipskyi, Euphorbia lipskyi, Thymus lipskyi, Acer lipskyi), which were included into floristic collections of all countries.
During the 1950s, the grave and tombstone of Vladimir Lipsky were destroyed and the place of his burial was lost. Only upon request of the Presidium of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, in 1990 the Executive Committee of the Odessa City Council issued a decree memorializing Academic Vladimir Lipsky.
Sources
- Шеляг-Сосонко Ю. Р., Зиман С. М. (1983) Видатний флорист і організатор науки. До 120-річчя від дня народження В. І. Липського. In: Вісник АН УРСР, vol. 9, Ю. Р. Шеляг-Сосонко, С. М. Зиман. - P. 94—96. (in Ukrainian) ISSN 0372-6436
- Крецул Н. І. Кандидатська дисертація з історії [спеціальність 07.00.07 - історія науки і техніки, УДК 929:58 (091)]. 2005. ІСТОРИКО-НАУКОВИЙ АНАЛІЗ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ АКАДЕМІКА В. І. ЛИПСЬКОГО В КОНТЕКСТІ РОЗВИТКУ БОТАНІЧНОЇ НАУКИ В УКРАЇНІ. Центр досліджень науково-технічного потенціалу та історії науки ім. Г. М. Доброва НАН України. Текст автореферату (in Ukrainian)
- Береговий П. М. Володимир Іполитович Липський / П. М. Береговий, М. А. Лагутіна // Видатні вітчизняні ботаніки. — Вид. 2-е. — К., 1969. — С. 119—123. (in Ukrainian)
- Доброчаєва Д. М. Життя, повне сонця і тепла / Д. М. Доброчаєва, Г. П. Мокрицький // Аксіоми для нащадків : укр. імена у світовій науці. — Л., 1991. — С. 169—185. (in Ukrainian)
- Липский Владимир Ипполитович / Т. П. Бабий, Л. Л. Коханова, Г. Г. Костюк [и др.] // Биологи : биогр. справ. — К., 1984. — С. 373—374. (in Russian)
- Осіюк Л. Дослідження вищих рослин ученими Київського університету св. Володимира / Л. Осіюк // Біологія і хімія в шк. — 1999. — № 5. — С. 47. (in Ukrainian)
- Салівон А. Володимир Іполитович Липський (1863—1937) / А. Салівон // Біологія і хімія в шк. — 1998 .— № 4 .— С. 41-42. (in Ukrainian)
- Шендеровський В. Неперевершений знавець природи / В. Шендеровський // Уряд. кур’єр .— 2003 .— 19 лип. — С. 11. (in Ukrainian)
- Крецул Н. І. Роль гербарію в науковій діяльності Липського В. І. 1887—1917 рр. // Історія української науки на межі тисячоліть: 3б. наук. праць /Відпов. ред. О. Я. Пилипчук. — Київ, 2001. — Вип. 5. — С. 120—124. (in Ukrainian)
- Крецул Н. І. В. І. Липський − організатор ботанічних садів // Історія української науки на межі тисячоліть: 3б. наук. праць /Відпов. ред. О. Я. Пилипчук. - Київ, 2001. - Вип. 6. — С. 94-99. (in Ukrainian)
- Крецул Н. І. Володимир Липський про ботанічні сади Європи //Історія української науки на межі тисячоліть: 3б. наук. праць /Відпов. ред. О. Я. Пилипчук. — Київ, 2002. — Вип. 7. — С. 120—126. (in Ukrainian)
- Крецул Н. І. Флористичні дослідження В.І. Липського // Історія української науки на межі тисячоліть: 3б. наук. праць /Відпов. ред. О. Я. Пилипчук. — Київ, 2002. — Вип. 8. — С. 157—163. (in Ukrainian)
External references
- Vladimir I. Lipsky and his family tree in Rodovid.org
- Ukrainian scientists-biologists (in Ukrainian)
- Клим Щербатий. Фахівець ботанічних садів. (An expert in botanic gardens) «Обрій ПІБ» — Газета АКБ Промінвестбанк. (in Ukrainian)