Vittorio Veneto
Encyclopedia
Vittorio Veneto is a city and comune
situated in the Province of Treviso
, in the region of Veneto
, Italy
, in the northeast
of the Italian peninsula
, between the Piave and the Livenza rivers.
The north of Vittorio Veneto is straddled by mountains including the majestic Mt. Pizzoc.
To the east is the state park and forest of Cansiglio; to the west, the hill country including Valdobbiadene
where prosecco is made; and to the south is the commercial town of Conegliano
.
.
During the first century BC Emperor Augustus
established a Castrum Cenetense in what is now the heart of Serravalle to defend the Venetian plain. The Via Claudia Augusta
passed near the city.
The ancient pieve of Sant'Andrea in Bigonzo in the northeast of the city, on the southern end of Serravalle, attests to the presence of Christianity in the area by the 4th century.
by the Lombards
in 667 AD. It became the seat of a Lombard county. Near the heart of Ceneda and on a strategic mountain, the Lombards constructed the castello di San Martino which still overlooks the city.
In 685, the Lombard duke Grimoald I of Benevento
organized Ceneda into a diocese, assigning to it a large part of the territory that had been under the care of the suppressed diocese of Oderzo. At the foot of the same height upon which the duke's castle had been built, a cathedral was constructed. St. Titian of Oderzo
, whose relics are contained in the present cathedral, was named as patron of the diocese.
With the defeat of the Lombards in 774, Ceneda entered into the Frankish sphere. It seems the duke of Ceneda remained loyal to Charlemagne
even when the Lombard dukes of Cividale
, Treviso, and Vicenza
rebelled the following year.
In 994, the Holy Roman Emperor
Otto III
invested the bishop of Ceneda
with the title and prerogatives of count
and authority as temporal lord of the city. The bishop of Ceneda was forced to take part in the politics of Northern Italy and even joined the Lombard League
. It also faced threats from its neighbors and in the late 12th century was attacked by the commune of Treviso
. Only the mediation of the pope
led to the restitution of what had been stolen, including the relics of St. Titian.
On December 19, 1389, Ceneda was peacefully incorporated into the Venetian Republic
. Its bishops still retained authority as counts. However, in 1447 and in 1514 bishops Francesco and Oliviero, respectively, ceded to the Republic the right of civil investiture within the territory of Ceneda, reserving for themselves and their successors authority over the commune itself and a few villas. The privileges of Ceneda's bishops as counts were definitively revoked by the Republic in 1768. Meanwhile, the commune endured the vicissitudes of neighboring communes of Veneto
.
.
In 1174, it became a fief of the Da Camino
family.
It rose to its greatest splendor under the rule of the Republic of Venice from 1337 to 1797.
, Ceneda and Serravalle were joined into one municipality.
In October 1918, Vittorio was the site of the last battle
between Italy and Austria-Hungary during World War I
. It led to the victory of Italy over the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Austrian-Italian Armistice of Villa Giusti) effective on 4 November 1918.
To recall this crucial victory, "Veneto" was attached to the city's name in 1923. Subsequently, many streets in other parts of Italy have been named Via Vittorio Veneto.
The city is also host to a violin competition.
and Belluno
and, therefore, serves almost as an intemediary between the two.
Characteristics of Vittoriese distinguishing it from Venetian
include the frequent dropping of final "o." When this occurs leaving a final "m," the "m" reduces to an "n." For example, Venetian "semo" (we are) become "sen."
The first person singular of verbs ends in "e". Thus, "mi magne" serves for Venetian "mi magno" (I eat). Overall, Vittoriese remains intelligible to speakers of other dialects of the Venetian language.
Comune
In Italy, the comune is the basic administrative division, and may be properly approximated in casual speech by the English word township or municipality.-Importance and function:...
situated in the Province of Treviso
Treviso
Treviso is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 82,854 inhabitants : some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls or in the historical and monumental center, some 80,000 live in the urban center proper, while the city...
, in the region of Veneto
Veneto
Veneto is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about 5 million, ranking 5th in Italy.Veneto had been for more than a millennium an independent state, the Republic of Venice, until it was eventually annexed by Italy in 1866 after brief Austrian and French rule...
, Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, in the northeast
Cardinal direction
The four cardinal directions or cardinal points are the directions of north, east, south, and west, commonly denoted by their initials: N, E, S, W. East and west are at right angles to north and south, with east being in the direction of rotation and west being directly opposite. Intermediate...
of the Italian peninsula
Italian Peninsula
The Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula is one of the three large peninsulas of Southern Europe , spanning from the Po Valley in the north to the central Mediterranean Sea in the south. The peninsula's shape gives it the nickname Lo Stivale...
, between the Piave and the Livenza rivers.
Geography
The river Meschio passes down through the town from Serravalle through the district which bears its name.The north of Vittorio Veneto is straddled by mountains including the majestic Mt. Pizzoc.
To the east is the state park and forest of Cansiglio; to the west, the hill country including Valdobbiadene
Valdobbiadene
Valdobbiadene is a town in the province of Treviso, Veneto, Italy. Valdobbiadene is a picturesque wine growing area. Just below the Alpine areas of Veneto, it provides a climate for cool varieties of grape. This area is the home of ProseccoConegliano-Valdobbiadene a dry sparkling white wine....
where prosecco is made; and to the south is the commercial town of Conegliano
Conegliano
Conegliano is a town and comune of the Veneto region, Italy, in the province of Treviso, about north by rail from the town of Treviso. The population of the city is of around 36,000 people. The remains of a castle that was built in the 10th century remain on a nearby hill...
.
Ancient
The area was occupied in ancient times by Celts and VenetiVeneti (Gaul)
The Veneti were a seafaring Celtic people who lived in the Brittany peninsula , which in Roman times formed part of an area called Armorica...
.
During the first century BC Emperor Augustus
Augustus
Augustus ;23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.The dates of his rule are contemporary dates; Augustus lived under two calendars, the Roman Republican until 45 BC, and the Julian...
established a Castrum Cenetense in what is now the heart of Serravalle to defend the Venetian plain. The Via Claudia Augusta
Via Claudia Augusta
The Via Claudia Augusta is an ancient Roman road, which linked the valley of the Po River with Rhaetia across the Alps. Since 2007, the Giontech Archeological Site, in Mezzocorona/Kronmetz serves as the Via Claudia Augusta International Research Center, directed by Prof...
passed near the city.
The ancient pieve of Sant'Andrea in Bigonzo in the northeast of the city, on the southern end of Serravalle, attests to the presence of Christianity in the area by the 4th century.
Ceneda
Ceneda rose to importance after the destruction of OderzoOderzo
Oderzo is a town and comune in the province of Treviso, Veneto, northern Italy.It lies in the heart of the Venetian plain, about 66 km to the northeast of Venice...
by the Lombards
Lombards
The Lombards , also referred to as Longobards, were a Germanic tribe of Scandinavian origin, who from 568 to 774 ruled a Kingdom in Italy...
in 667 AD. It became the seat of a Lombard county. Near the heart of Ceneda and on a strategic mountain, the Lombards constructed the castello di San Martino which still overlooks the city.
In 685, the Lombard duke Grimoald I of Benevento
Grimoald I of Benevento
Grimoald I was duke of Benevento and king of the Lombards .Born probably before 610 to Duke Gisulf II of Friuli and the Bavarian princess Ramhilde, daughter of Duke Garibald I of Bavaria, he succeeded his brother Radoald as duke of Benevento...
organized Ceneda into a diocese, assigning to it a large part of the territory that had been under the care of the suppressed diocese of Oderzo. At the foot of the same height upon which the duke's castle had been built, a cathedral was constructed. St. Titian of Oderzo
Titian of Oderzo
Saint Titian of Oderzo was a 7th century bishop of Opitergium , in the Province of Treviso.Titian was born in the middle of the 6th century in a noble family of Eraclea in the Veneto region, and served as a deacon and priest to Florian , bishop of Opitergium...
, whose relics are contained in the present cathedral, was named as patron of the diocese.
With the defeat of the Lombards in 774, Ceneda entered into the Frankish sphere. It seems the duke of Ceneda remained loyal to Charlemagne
Charlemagne
Charlemagne was King of the Franks from 768 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 to his death in 814. He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated much of Western and Central Europe. During his reign, he conquered Italy and was crowned by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800...
even when the Lombard dukes of Cividale
Cividale del Friuli
-External links:*...
, Treviso, and Vicenza
Vicenza
Vicenza , a city in north-eastern Italy, is the capital of the eponymous province in the Veneto region, at the northern base of the Monte Berico, straddling the Bacchiglione...
rebelled the following year.
In 994, the Holy Roman Emperor
Holy Roman Emperor
The Holy Roman Emperor is a term used by historians to denote a medieval ruler who, as German King, had also received the title of "Emperor of the Romans" from the Pope...
Otto III
Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor
Otto III , a King of Germany, was the fourth ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire. He was elected King in 983 on the death of his father Otto II and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 996.-Early reign:...
invested the bishop of Ceneda
Roman Catholic Diocese of Vittorio Veneto
The Diocese of Vittorio Veneto is a Roman Catholic diocese in northern Italy, with capital in Vittorio Veneto. It was historically known as diocese of Ceneda, the name being changed in 1939....
with the title and prerogatives of count
Count
A count or countess is an aristocratic nobleman in European countries. The word count came into English from the French comte, itself from Latin comes—in its accusative comitem—meaning "companion", and later "companion of the emperor, delegate of the emperor". The adjective form of the word is...
and authority as temporal lord of the city. The bishop of Ceneda was forced to take part in the politics of Northern Italy and even joined the Lombard League
Lombard League
The Lombard League was an alliance formed around 1167, which at its apex included most of the cities of northern Italy , including, among others, Crema, Cremona, Mantua, Piacenza, Bergamo, Brescia, Milan, Genoa, Bologna, Padua, Modena, Reggio Emilia, Treviso, Venice, Vercelli, Vicenza, Verona,...
. It also faced threats from its neighbors and in the late 12th century was attacked by the commune of Treviso
Treviso
Treviso is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 82,854 inhabitants : some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls or in the historical and monumental center, some 80,000 live in the urban center proper, while the city...
. Only the mediation of the pope
Pope
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle...
led to the restitution of what had been stolen, including the relics of St. Titian.
On December 19, 1389, Ceneda was peacefully incorporated into the Venetian Republic
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
. Its bishops still retained authority as counts. However, in 1447 and in 1514 bishops Francesco and Oliviero, respectively, ceded to the Republic the right of civil investiture within the territory of Ceneda, reserving for themselves and their successors authority over the commune itself and a few villas. The privileges of Ceneda's bishops as counts were definitively revoked by the Republic in 1768. Meanwhile, the commune endured the vicissitudes of neighboring communes of Veneto
Veneto
Veneto is one of the 20 regions of Italy. Its population is about 5 million, ranking 5th in Italy.Veneto had been for more than a millennium an independent state, the Republic of Venice, until it was eventually annexed by Italy in 1866 after brief Austrian and French rule...
.
Serravalle
Serravalle, just to the north of Ceneda, owes its origin to the RomansAncient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
.
In 1174, it became a fief of the Da Camino
Da Camino
The da Camino were an Italian noble family whose fame is connected to the medieval history of the March of Treviso, a city of which they were lords for a while.-History:...
family.
It rose to its greatest splendor under the rule of the Republic of Venice from 1337 to 1797.
Modern era
On November 22, 1866, soon after the Veneto was annexed by the Kingdom of ItalyItalian unification
Italian unification was the political and social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century...
, Ceneda and Serravalle were joined into one municipality.
In October 1918, Vittorio was the site of the last battle
Battle of Vittorio Veneto
The Battle of Vittorio Veneto was fought between 24 October and 3 November 1918, near Vittorio Veneto, during the Italian Campaign of World War I...
between Italy and Austria-Hungary during World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
. It led to the victory of Italy over the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Austrian-Italian Armistice of Villa Giusti) effective on 4 November 1918.
To recall this crucial victory, "Veneto" was attached to the city's name in 1923. Subsequently, many streets in other parts of Italy have been named Via Vittorio Veneto.
Bishops of Ceneda
[Some series begin with Vindemius (579-591?), Ursinus (680- ?), and Satinus (731 - ?).]- Valentinianus (712-740)
- MaximusMaximusMaximus is the Latin term for "greatest" or "largest". In this connexion it is used to refer to:*Circus Maximus *Pontifex Maximus, the highest priest of the ancient Roman College of Pontiffs...
(741-790) - Dulcissimus (c.793-?)
- Ermonius (c.827-?)
- Ripaldus (885-908)
Coterminously Bishops of Ceneda and Counts of Ceneda
- SicardoSicardoSicardus of Cremona was an Italian prelate, historian and writer.Sicardo was born into a Cremonese family, probably the Casalaschi. He studied law in Bologna and Mainz, then returned to Cremona where he became a subdeacon in 1183 and bishop of Cremona in 1185...
(962-997), given title of count by Holy Roman Emperor - Gauso (c.998-?)
- BrunoBrunoBruno is a male given name. It is derived from the Germanic word brun meaning "brown". It is also one of the most frequent Italian surnames. It also occurs very frequently in continental Europe and parts of Brazil as a given name for men and boys...
(1021) - Elmengero (1021–1031)
- Almanguino (1050)
- Giovanni (1074)
- Roperto (1124)
- SigismondoSigismondoSigismondo is an operatic 'dramma' in two act by Gioachino Rossini to an Italian libretto by Giuseppe Maria Foppa.The opera was not a success and Rossini later re-used some of its music in Elisabetta, regina d'Inghilterra, The Barber of Seville, and Adina.-Performance history:Sigismondo was first...
(1130) - Azzone Degli Azzoni (1138–1152)
- Aimone (1152)
- Sgisfredo (1170–1187)
- Matteo Da Siena (1187–1216)
- GerardoGerardoGerardo Mejía , better known as simply Gerardo, is a Latin rapper and singer who later became a recording industry executive. Born in Guayaquil, Ecuador, he has based his career in Los Angeles, California since his family moved to Glendale, California, when he was 12 years old. He became known for...
(1217) - Alberto Da Camino (1220–1242)
- Guarnieri Da Polcenigo (1242–1251)
- Ruggero (1252–1267)
- Biaquino Da Camino (1257)
- Alberto Da Collo (1257–1260)
- Odorico (1260–1261)
- Prosapio Novello (1261–1279)
- Marco Da Fabiane (1279–1285)
- Piero Calza (1286–1300)
- Francesco Arpone (1300–1310), first count of Tarzo
- Manfredo Da Collalto (1310–1320)
- Francesco Ramponi (1320–1348)
- Gualberto De'Orgoglio (1349–1374)
- Oliverio (1374–1377)
- Andrea Calderini (1378-1381?)
- Giorgio Torti (1381–1383)
- Marco De'Porris (1383–1394), after 1389 bishops retain title of count but with duties of civil magistrates of the Venetian RepublicRepublic of VeniceThe Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
- Martino Franceschini (1394–1399)
- Piero Marcello (1399–1409)
- Antonio CorrerAntonio CorrerAntonio Correr was Italian Cardinal-nephew of Gregory XII, Pope of the Roman Obedience in the period of the Great Western Schism. He was also cousin of Pope Eugene IV. His last name is listed also as Corrario and Corraro....
(1409–1445) - Piero Leoni (1445–1474)
- Nicolò Trevisan (1474–1498)
- Francesco Brevio (1498–1508)
- Marino GrimaniMarino GrimaniMarino Grimani was an Italian Cardinal and papal legate. He was from an aristocratic Venetian family.He was elected bishop of Ceneda in 1508, when he was under age. He was patriarch of Aquileia in 1517....
(1508–1517) - Domenico GrimaniDomenico GrimaniDomenico Grimani was a Venetian Churchman and Cardinal. From 1498 to 1517 he was Patriarch of Aquileia, and from 1517 to 1520 bishop of Ceneda. He became a cardinal in 1493. Grimani was not ordained a priest until 1498. After the election of Pope Julius II he became cardinal priest of San Marco...
(1517–1520) - Giovanni Grimani (1520–1531)
- Marino GrimaniMarino GrimaniMarino Grimani was an Italian Cardinal and papal legate. He was from an aristocratic Venetian family.He was elected bishop of Ceneda in 1508, when he was under age. He was patriarch of Aquileia in 1517....
(1532–1540) - Giovanni Grimani (1540–1545), second time
- Marino GrimaniMarino GrimaniMarino Grimani was an Italian Cardinal and papal legate. He was from an aristocratic Venetian family.He was elected bishop of Ceneda in 1508, when he was under age. He was patriarch of Aquileia in 1517....
(1545–1546) - Michele cardinal Della Torre (1547–1586), named cardinal 1583
- MarcAntonio Mocenigo (1586–1597), erected diocesan seminary
- Leonardo Mocenigo (1599–1623)
- Piero cardinal Valier (1623–1625), translated to PaduaPaduaPadua is a city and comune in the Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Padua and the economic and communications hub of the area. Padua's population is 212,500 . The city is sometimes included, with Venice and Treviso, in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area, having...
- Marco Giustiniani (1625–1631)
- Marc Antonio Bragadin (1631–1639), translated to VicenzaVicenzaVicenza , a city in north-eastern Italy, is the capital of the eponymous province in the Veneto region, at the northern base of the Monte Berico, straddling the Bacchiglione...
- Sebastiano Pisani (1639–1653)
- Albertino Barisoni (1653–1667)
- Piero Leoni (1667–1691)
- Marc Antonio Agazzi (1692–1710)
- Francesco Trevisan (1710–1725)
- Benedetto De Luca (1725–1739)
- Lorenzo da Ponte (1740–1768), born Venice, last count-bishop
Culture
Every year, the Concorso Nazionale Corale "Trofei Città di Vittorio Veneto" takes place at Vittorio Veneto. The best choirs from all over Italy compete.The city is also host to a violin competition.
Language
Italian is spoken and taught in the schools. However, in daily conversation the local Venetian dialect, called Vittoriese, is preferred. Vittoriese shares features with the dialects of both TrevisoTreviso
Treviso is a city and comune in Veneto, northern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Treviso and the municipality has 82,854 inhabitants : some 3,000 live within the Venetian walls or in the historical and monumental center, some 80,000 live in the urban center proper, while the city...
and Belluno
Belluno
Belluno , is a town and province in the Veneto region of northern Italy. Located about 100 kilometres north of Venice, Belluno is the capital of the province of Belluno and the most important city in the Eastern Dolomiti's region. With its roughly 37,000 inhabitants, it the largest populated area...
and, therefore, serves almost as an intemediary between the two.
Characteristics of Vittoriese distinguishing it from Venetian
Venetian language
Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken as a native language by over two million people, mostly in the Veneto region of Italy, where of five million inhabitants almost all can understand it. It is sometimes spoken and often well understood outside Veneto, in Trentino, Friuli, Venezia...
include the frequent dropping of final "o." When this occurs leaving a final "m," the "m" reduces to an "n." For example, Venetian "semo" (we are) become "sen."
The first person singular of verbs ends in "e". Thus, "mi magne" serves for Venetian "mi magno" (I eat). Overall, Vittoriese remains intelligible to speakers of other dialects of the Venetian language.
Notable people born in or connected with Vittorio Veneto
- Albino LucianiPope John Paul IJohn Paul I , born Albino Luciani, , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and as Sovereign of Vatican City from 26 August 1978 until his death 33 days later. His reign is among the shortest in papal history, resulting in the most recent Year of Three Popes...
(Pope John Paul I) – bishop of Vittorio Veneto from 1958 to 1969. - Lorenzo Da PonteLorenzo Da PonteLorenzo Da Ponte was a Venetian opera librettist and poet. He wrote the librettos for 28 operas by 11 composers, including three of Mozart's greatest operas, Don Giovanni, The Marriage of Figaro and Così fan tutte....
– opera librettist for Wolfgang Amadeus MozartWolfgang Amadeus MozartWolfgang Amadeus Mozart , baptismal name Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical era. He composed over 600 works, many acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic, concertante, chamber, piano, operatic, and choral music...
. - Ferdinando Botteon (Born 1904); Italian violinist.
- Marcantonio Flaminio (born 1498) – Renaissance humanist.
- Emanuela Da RosEmanuela Da RosEmanuela Da Ros is an Italian writer of children's books. She was born on December 24, 1959 in Vittorio Veneto, Italy, where she lives today.She graduated in art history with a thesis on ancient Byzantine art at the University of Padua in 1985. Then she became an Italian teacher in a high-school in...
(born 1959) – children's books writer. - Francesca SegatFrancesca SegatFrancesca Segat is a butterfly swimmer from Italy, who won the silver medal in the 200 m butterfly at the European Short Course Swimming Championships 2003....
(born 1983) – Italian butterfly swimmer. - Giampietro Bontempi – pianist.
- Ilario Castagner – football player.
- Gabriele PinGabriele PinGabriele Pin , is an Italian football coach. He is currently working as Cesare Prandelli's assistant with the Italy, after working with him during the former's stint at Fiorentina....
(born 1962) – football player and coach. - Andrea PoliAndrea PoliAndrea Poli is an Italian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Serie A club Internazionale, on loan from Sampdoria.- Club career :He started his career in Serie B with his native club Treviso...
(born 1989) – football player. - Tommaso Benvenuti (rugby union)Tommaso Benvenuti (rugby union)Tommaso Benvenuti is an Italian rugby union player. He plays as a centre, wing or fullback. He plays for Benetton Treviso. In October 2010, he was selected for the Italy training squad preparing for the November tests. He made his Italy debut against Argentina on 13 November 2010. He also played...
(born 1990) – rugby union player.
See also
- Battle of Vittorio VenetoBattle of Vittorio VenetoThe Battle of Vittorio Veneto was fought between 24 October and 3 November 1918, near Vittorio Veneto, during the Italian Campaign of World War I...
- Order of Vittorio Veneto
- Vittorio Veneto class battleshipLittorio class battleshipThe Littorio class, also known as the Vittorio Veneto class,Vittorio Veneto and Littorio were laid down on the same date, so ambiguity exists in the naming of the class. was a class of battleship of the Regia Marina, the Italian navy. The class was composed of four ships: Littorio, Vittorio Veneto,...
- Cruiser Vittorio Veneto