Vermillion, South Dakota
Encyclopedia
Vermillion is a city in and the county seat
County seat
A county seat is an administrative center, or seat of government, for a county or civil parish. The term is primarily used in the United States....

 of Clay County, in the southeastern corner of the U.S. state
U.S. state
A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of...

 of South Dakota
South Dakota
South Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux American Indian tribes. Once a part of Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889. The state has an area of and an estimated population of just over...

, and the tenth largest city in the state. According to the 2010 Census
United States Census, 2010
The Twenty-third United States Census, known as Census 2010 or the 2010 Census, is the current national census of the United States. National Census Day was April 1, 2010 and is the reference date used in enumerating individuals...

, the population was 10,571. Vermillion lies atop a bluff near the Missouri River
Missouri River
The Missouri River flows through the central United States, and is a tributary of the Mississippi River. It is the longest river in North America and drains the third largest area, though only the thirteenth largest by discharge. The Missouri's watershed encompasses most of the American Great...

.

The area has been home to various Native American tribes for centuries. French fur traders first visited in the late 18th century. Vermillion was founded in 1859 and incorporated in 1873. The name refers to the Lakota name: wa sa wak pa'la (red stream).

Home to the University of South Dakota
University of South Dakota
The University of South Dakota ', the state’s oldest university, was founded in 1862 and classes began in 1882. Located in Vermillion, South Dakota, United States, USD is home to South Dakota's only medical school and law school. USD is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents, and its current...

, Vermillion has a mixed academic and rural character: The university is a major academic institution for the state, boasting the state's only law and medical school, and the state's only AACSB accredited business school. Major farm products include corn, soybeans, and alfalfa. The population was 10,571 at the 2010 census.
Vermillion is located approximately 10 miles (16.1 km) from the proposed site of a Hyperion oil refinery (formerly known as the Gorilla Project
Gorilla Project
Gorilla Project refers to the planned construction of the first major oil refinery in the United States in over 30 years. In 2008, Hyperion Resources Inc., a Dallas-based energy company, was considering placing the , capacity refinery near Elk Point, South Dakota and approximately away from...

), which will be one of the 10 biggest refineries in the United States.

Vermillion is also home to a winery
Winery
A winery is a building or property that produces wine, or a business involved in the production of wine, such as a wine company. Some wine companies own many wineries. Besides wine making equipment, larger wineries may also feature warehouses, bottling lines, laboratories, and large expanses of...

 and the National Music Museum.

History

Lewis and Clark camped at the mouth of the Vermillion River near the present-day town on Friday, August 24, 1804. (The previous day they killed their first bison and the following day they climbed Spirit Mound, according to Clark's journal.)
  • In May 1843 John James Audubon
    John James Audubon
    John James Audubon was a French-American ornithologist, naturalist, and painter. He was notable for his expansive studies to document all types of American birds and for his detailed illustrations that depicted the birds in their natural habitats...

     visited the Vermillion ravine to view the bird life.

  • The town was considered for the location of South Dakota's first mental institution
    Psychiatric hospital
    Psychiatric hospitals, also known as mental hospitals, are hospitals specializing in the treatment of serious mental disorders. Psychiatric hospitals vary widely in their size and grading. Some hospitals may specialise only in short-term or outpatient therapy for low-risk patients...

    , (now the Human Services Center
    Human Services Center
    The Human Services Center in Yankton, South Dakota is a psychiatric hospital that was built in 1882. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.It was included in the 2009 list of most endangered historic sites in the U.S...

    ) in 1873, although the hospital was eventually located in nearby Yankton
    Yankton, South Dakota
    Yankton is a city in, and the county seat of, Yankton County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 14,454 at the 2010 census. Yankton was the original capital of Dakota Territory. It is named for the Yankton tribe of Nakota Native Americans...

    .

  • The original town was entirely located below the bluffs on the banks of the Missouri River
    Missouri River
    The Missouri River flows through the central United States, and is a tributary of the Mississippi River. It is the longest river in North America and drains the third largest area, though only the thirteenth largest by discharge. The Missouri's watershed encompasses most of the American Great...

    , and three-quarters of the town was washed away in the great flood of 1881.

  • Presidential candidates William Jennings Bryan
    William Jennings Bryan
    William Jennings Bryan was an American politician in the late-19th and early-20th centuries. He was a dominant force in the liberal wing of the Democratic Party, standing three times as its candidate for President of the United States...

     visited and spoke in Vermillion on September 28, 1908, and William Howard Taft
    William Howard Taft
    William Howard Taft was the 27th President of the United States and later the tenth Chief Justice of the United States...

     on the next day.

  • John Philip Sousa
    John Philip Sousa
    John Philip Sousa was an American composer and conductor of the late Romantic era, known particularly for American military and patriotic marches. Because of his mastery of march composition, he is known as "The March King" or the "American March King" due to his British counterpart Kenneth J....

     conducted the Sousa Band on October 26, 1926 at the facility that became known as Slagle Auditorium in 1929.

  • On March 24, 1967, Thomas James White Hawk and William Stands murdered the Vermillion jeweler James Yeado and raped his wife.

  • Donald Opperman's car parked illegally on the streets on December 10, 1973 leads to the U.S. Supreme Court case South Dakota v. Opperman
    South Dakota v. Opperman
    South Dakota v. Opperman, , elaborated on the community caretaking doctrine. Under the Fourth Amendment, "unreasonable" searches and seizures are forbidden...

    , decided March 29, 1976.

  • President Bill Clinton
    Bill Clinton
    William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Inaugurated at age 46, he was the third-youngest president. He took office at the end of the Cold War, and was the first president of the baby boomer generation...

     visited and spoke on April 11, 2008.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...

, the city has a total area of 3.8 square miles (9.9 km²), all of it land.

Vermillion has been assigned the ZIP code
ZIP Code
ZIP codes are a system of postal codes used by the United States Postal Service since 1963. The term ZIP, an acronym for Zone Improvement Plan, is properly written in capital letters and was chosen to suggest that the mail travels more efficiently, and therefore more quickly, when senders use the...

 57069 and the FIPS place code 66700.

The elevation of the city is 1221 feet (372.2 m).

Demographics

As of the census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

 of 2000, there were 9,765 people, 3,647 households, and 1,801 families residing in the city. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

 was 2,549.3 people per square mile (984.4/km²). There were 3,967 housing units at an average density of 1,035.6 per square mile (399.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 90.95% White, 1.29% African American
African American
African Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have at least partial ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa and are the direct descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States...

, 3.37% Native American
Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples in North America within the boundaries of the present-day continental United States, parts of Alaska, and the island state of Hawaii. They are composed of numerous, distinct tribes, states, and ethnic groups, many of which survive as...

, 2.46% Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...

n, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.37% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. 1.07% of the population were Hispanic
Hispanic
Hispanic is a term that originally denoted a relationship to Hispania, which is to say the Iberian Peninsula: Andorra, Gibraltar, Portugal and Spain. During the Modern Era, Hispanic sometimes takes on a more limited meaning, particularly in the United States, where the term means a person of ...

 or Latino
Latino
The demonyms Latino and Latina , are defined in English language dictionaries as:* "a person of Latin-American descent."* "A Latin American."* "A person of Hispanic, especially Latin-American, descent, often one living in the United States."...

 of any race.

There were 3,647 households out of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.5% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...

 living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.6% were non-families. 34.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.90.

In the city the population was spread out with 17.5% under the age of 18, 36.2% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 13.4% from 45 to 64, and 8.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females there were 91.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,095, and the median income for a family was $40,109. Males had a median income of $28,180 versus $20,975 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...

 for the city was $13,909. 26.2% of the population and 16.2% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 19.0% are under the age of 18 and 14.8% are 65 or older.

For the population 25 years and over, 90.7% have a high school education or higher; 45.4% have a bachelor's degree or higher; and 21.2% have a graduate or professional degree.

For ancestries, 36% claim German ancestry; 14.2% Norwegian; 13.4% Irish; 6.6% English; 5.5% Dutch; and 4% Swedish.

Religion

Vermillion contains the following churches:
  • The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
  • Concordia Lutheran Church - Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod
    Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod
    The Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod is a traditional, confessional Lutheran denomination in the United States. With 2.3 million members, it is both the eighth largest Protestant denomination and the second-largest Lutheran body in the U.S. after the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. The Synod...

  • Faith Fellowship - Open Bible Church
  • First United Methodist Church of Vermillion - United Methodist Church
    United Methodist Church
    The United Methodist Church is a Methodist Christian denomination which is both mainline Protestant and evangelical. Founded in 1968 by the union of The Methodist Church and the Evangelical United Brethren Church, the UMC traces its roots back to the revival movement of John and Charles Wesley...

  • Grace Baptist Church - Southern Baptist Convention
    Southern Baptist Convention
    The Southern Baptist Convention is a United States-based Christian denomination. It is the world's largest Baptist denomination and the largest Protestant body in the United States, with over 16 million members...

  • Hillside Community Church - Christian and Missionary Alliance
    Christian and Missionary Alliance
    The Christian and Missionary Alliance is an evangelical Protestant denomination within Christianity.Founded by Rev. Albert Benjamin Simpson in 1887, the Christian & Missionary Alliance did not start off as a denomination, but rather began as two distinct parachurch organizations: The Christian...

  • Jehovah's Witnesses
    Jehovah's Witnesses
    Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The religion reports worldwide membership of over 7 million adherents involved in evangelism, convention attendance of over 12 million, and annual...

  • The Newman Center - Catholic Church
  • Providence Reformed Church - Reformed Church in the United States (RCUS)
  • St. Agnes Catholic Church
  • St. Paul's Episcopal Church
  • Trinity Lutheran - Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
    Evangelical Lutheran Church in America
    The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America is a mainline Protestant denomination headquartered in Chicago, Illinois. The ELCA officially came into existence on January 1, 1988, by the merging of three churches. As of December 31, 2009, it had 4,543,037 baptized members, with 2,527,941 of them...

  • Unitarian Universalists
    Unitarian Universalism
    Unitarian Universalism is a religion characterized by support for a "free and responsible search for truth and meaning". Unitarian Universalists do not share a creed; rather, they are unified by their shared search for spiritual growth and by the understanding that an individual's theology is a...

     of Vermillion
  • United Church of Christ
    United Church of Christ
    The United Church of Christ is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination primarily in the Reformed tradition but also historically influenced by Lutheranism. The Evangelical and Reformed Church and the Congregational Christian Churches united in 1957 to form the UCC...

  • Christ our Savior Evangelical Lutheran Church - Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod.

Major employers

Company Employees (est.) Location
Dakota Care Center of Vermillion 90 125 S Walker St
Hy-Vee
Hy-Vee
Hy-Vee is an employee-owned chain of supermarkets located in the Midwestern United States. Over 100 of its supermarkets are located in Iowa, with additional stores in Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota and now Madison, Wisconsin...

135 525 W Cherry St
Jones Food Center of Vermillion (Godfather's Pizza) 90 812 Cottage Ave
Polaris Industries
Polaris Industries
Polaris Industries is a manufacturer of snowmobiles, ATV, and neighborhood electric vehicles. Polaris is based in Medina, Minnesota, USA. The company also manufactures motorcycles through its Victory Motorcycles subsidiary and through the Indian Motorcycle subsidiary which it purchased in April...

120 1997 Polaris Pkwy
Sanford Health Network 233 20 S Plum St
Sesdac Inc 130 1314 E Cherry St
South Dakota Department of Military & Veterans Affairs 96 PO Box B434
University of South Dakota
University of South Dakota
The University of South Dakota ', the state’s oldest university, was founded in 1862 and classes began in 1882. Located in Vermillion, South Dakota, United States, USD is home to South Dakota's only medical school and law school. USD is governed by the South Dakota Board of Regents, and its current...

800 414 E Clark St
Vermillion City 157 25 Center St
Vermillion School Dist 13-1 (Austin Elementary School) 225 17 Prospect St
Vermillion School Dist 13-1 90 422 Princeton St
Wal-Mart
Wal-Mart
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. , branded as Walmart since 2008 and Wal-Mart before then, is an American public multinational corporation that runs chains of large discount department stores and warehouse stores. The company is the world's 18th largest public corporation, according to the Forbes Global 2000...

100 1207 Princeton St

Parks

Prentis Park includes two swimming pools; one kids pool, and one full size with a waterslide and diving boards. There is also a variety of playground equipment and wide open green space. Additionally the park features a snack bar (next to the pool area), several basketball hoops, and two disc golf
Disc golf
Disc golf is a disc game in which individual players throw a flying disc into a basket or at a target. According to the Professional Disc Golf Association, "The object of the game is to traverse a course from beginning to end in the fewest number of throws of the disc." Of the more than 3000...

 courses. It also contains a baseball diamond which is the home of the Vermillion Red Sox, of the South Dakota Amateur Baseball Association.

Notable natives and residents

  • Rachael Bella
    Rachael Bella
    Rachael Bella Kneeland known professionally as Rachael Bella, is an American former actress known for her role as Becca Kotler in the movie The Ring.-Career:...

    , actress
  • Kevin Brady
    Kevin Brady
    Kevin Patrick Brady is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1997. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district includes a large swath of suburban and rural territory around Houston and Beaumont....

    , U.S. Representative
    United States House of Representatives
    The United States House of Representatives is one of the two Houses of the United States Congress, the bicameral legislature which also includes the Senate.The composition and powers of the House are established in Article One of the Constitution...

     (R-Texas
    Texas
    Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...

    )
  • Shawn Colvin
    Shawn Colvin
    Shawn Colvin is an American singer-songwriter and musician.-Childhood and early career:Colvin was born in Vermillion, South Dakota. Her formative years were spent in the town of Carbondale, Illinois, where she attended Southern Illinois University Carbondale. She learned to play guitar at the age...

    , noted singer-songwriter
  • Doug Dickey
    Doug Dickey
    Douglas Adair "Doug" Dickey is a former American college football player and coach and college athletics administrator. Dickey is a South Dakota native who was raised in Florida and graduated from the University of Florida, where he played college football...

    , noted college football coach
  • Carl Gunderson
    Carl Gunderson
    Carl Gunderson was the 11th Governor of South Dakota. Gunderson, a Republican from Mitchell, South Dakota, served from 1925 to 1927.-Background:...

    , former Governor of South Dakota
    Governor of South Dakota
    The Governor of South Dakota is the head of the executive branch of the government of South Dakota. They are elected to a four year term on even years when there is no Presidential election. The current governor is Dennis Daugaard, a Republican elected in 2010....

  • Tim Johnson, U.S. Senator
    United States Senate
    The United States Senate is the upper house of the bicameral legislature of the United States, and together with the United States House of Representatives comprises the United States Congress. The composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article One of the U.S. Constitution. Each...

     (D-South Dakota)
  • John L. Jolley
    John L. Jolley
    John Lawlor Jolley was a member of the United States House of Representatives from South Dakota. He was born in Montreal, Canada in 1840, where he attended the common schools. He graduated from Eastman Business College in Poughkeepsie, New York...

     U.S. Congressman from South Dakota
  • Jeff Kidder
    Jeff Kidder
    Jeff Kidder was a little known police officer in the closing days of the American Old West. He is profiled in the book "Deadly Dozen", written by author Robert K...

    , scout
  • Ben Leber
    Ben Leber
    Ben Leber is an American football linebacker for the St. Louis Rams of the National Football League. He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the third round of the 2002 NFL Draft...

    , NFL
    National Football League
    The National Football League is the highest level of professional American football in the United States, and is considered the top professional American football league in the world. It was formed by eleven teams in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association, with the league changing...

     football linebacker
    Linebacker
    A linebacker is a position in American football that was invented by football coach Fielding H. Yost of the University of Michigan. Linebackers are members of the defensive team, and line up approximately three to five yards behind the line of scrimmage, behind the defensive linemen...

  • Andrew E. Lee
    Andrew E. Lee
    Andrew Ericson Lee was an American politician who served as the third Governor of South Dakota.-Background:Lee was born near Bergen in Norway and at a young age moved with his parents to the United States. His parents were Eric Lee and Augusta Lee. He spent his childhood on a farm in Dane...

    , South Dakota's third Governor
  • Helle Sjelle, Member of Parliament
    Folketing
    The Folketing , is the national parliament of Denmark. The name literally means "People's thing"—that is, the people's governing assembly. It is located in Christiansborg Palace, on the islet of Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen....

    , Denmark
  • Todd Tiahrt
    Todd Tiahrt
    Todd Tiahrt is the former U.S. Representative for , serving from 1995 until 2011. He is a member of the Republican Party. The district encompasses 11 counties in the south central region of the state, including the city of Wichita. He was succeeded by Republican Mike Pompeo.Tiahrt ran...

    , U.S. Representative
    United States House of Representatives
    The United States House of Representatives is one of the two Houses of the United States Congress, the bicameral legislature which also includes the Senate.The composition and powers of the House are established in Article One of the Constitution...

     (R-Kansas
    Kansas
    Kansas is a US state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south...

    )
  • Abby Whiteside
    Abby Whiteside
    Abby Whiteside was an influential and controversial American piano teacher. She challenged the finger-centric approach of much classical piano teaching and instead advocated a holistic attitude in which the arm and torso are the conductors of a musical image conceived first in the mind and...

    , controversial piano teacher and theorist
  • Gerald W. Wolff
    Gerald W. Wolff
    Gerald W. Wolff is professor emeritus at the University of South Dakota, known for his specialization in the history of Native Americans, the American West, and national politics.-Background:...

    , retired historian from University of South Dakota

AM Radio

AM radio stations
FrequencyCall signNameFormatOwnerCity
570 AM WNAX
WNAX (AM)
WNAX is a radio station broadcasting a News/Talk format. It is licensed to Yankton, South Dakota. Due to the flat landscape of the Upper Great Plains and its location near the bottom end of the AM band, the station's 5,000-watt signal covers large portions of South Dakota, Nebraska, Iowa,...

WNAX Radio 570 News/Talk Saga Communications Yankton
1450 AM KYNT
KYNT
KYNT is a radio station licensed to serve Yankton, South Dakota. The station is owned and licensed by Riverfront Broadcasting LLC It airs a Soft Adult Contemporary format....

Yankton's Home Team Soft Adult Contemporary Riverfront Broadcasting LLC Yankton
1570 AM KVTK
KVTK
KVTK is a radio station broadcasting a sports talk format. Licensed to Vermillion, South Dakota, USA. The station is currently owned by Culhane Communications, Inc. KVTK is affiliated with the ESPN Radio network and the Chicago Cubs Radio Network.-History:The station was assigned the KOSZ call...

1570 "The Ticket Sports Talk Culhane Communications, Inc. Vermillion

FM Radio

FM radio stations
FrequencyCall signNameFormatOwnerTarget city/market
Media market
A media market, broadcast market, media region, designated market area , Television Market Area , or simply market is a region where the population can receive the same television and radio station offerings, and may also include other types of media including newspapers and Internet content...

City of license
City of license
A city of license or community of license, in American and Canadian broadcasting, is the community that a radio station or television station is officially licensed to serve by that country's broadcast regulator....

89.7 FM KUSD South Dakota Public Broadcasting NPR SD Board of Directors for Educational Telecommunications Yankton/Vermillion Vermillion
91.1 FM KAOR
KAOR
KAOR is an American student-run non-commercial educational radio station licensed to serve Vermillion, South Dakota, USA. The station is owned by the University of South Dakota....

Core 91.1 Alternative
Alternative rock
Alternative rock is a genre of rock music and a term used to describe a diverse musical movement that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular by the 1990s...

The University of South Dakota Yankton/Vermillion Vermillion
93.1 FM KKYA
KKYA
KKYA is a radio station licensed to serve Yankton, South Dakota. The station is owned and licensed by Riverfront Broadcasting LLC...

KK93 Country
Country
A country is a region legally identified as a distinct entity in political geography. A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, or a geographic region associated with a previously...

Riverfront Broadcasting LLC Yankton/Vermillion Yankton
94.3 FM KDAM
KDAM
KDAM is an active rock radio station that broadcasts from Yankton, South Dakota. It features rock music such as Green Day, The Offspring, Lynard Skynard, AC/DC and Metallica....

The Dam Mainstream Rock
Mainstream rock
Mainstream rock is a radio format used by many commercial radio stations in the United States and Canada.-Format background:...

Riverfront Broadcasting LLC Yankton/Vermillion Hartington
104.1 FM WNAX-FM
WNAX-FM
WNAX-FM is a radio station broadcasting a country format. Licensed to Yankton, South Dakota, it serves the Yankton, Vermillion, and Sioux City areas. The station is also rebroadcast on translator K283AG in Sioux City, Iowa. The station is currently owned by Saga Communications.-External links:*...

The Wolf 104.1 Country
Country
A country is a region legally identified as a distinct entity in political geography. A country may be an independent sovereign state or one that is occupied by another state, as a non-sovereign or formerly sovereign political division, or a geographic region associated with a previously...

Saga Communications Yankton/Vermillion Yankton
106.3 FM KVHT
KVHT
KVHT is a radio station licensed to serve Vermillion, South Dakota. The station is owned by Cullhane Communications, Inc...

Classic Hits 106.3 Classic Hits
Classic hits
Classic hits is a radio format which generally includes rock and pop music from 1964 to 1989. The term is sometimes erroneously used as a synonym for the adult hits format, but is more accurately characterized as a contemporary style of the oldies format...

Cullhane Communications, Inc. Yankton/Vermillion Vermillion


External links

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