United Nations Security Council Resolution 1546
Encyclopedia
United Nations
Security Council Resolution
1546, adopted unanimously on June 8, 2004, after reaffirming previous resolutions on Iraq
, the Council endorsed the formation of the Iraqi Interim Government
, welcomed the end of the occupation and determined the status of the multinational force and its relationship with the Iraqi government.
The resolution was co-sponsored by the United Kingdom
and United States
.
elected Iraqi government and looked forward to the end of the occupation by June 30, 2004 when authority would be held by the interim government. It reaffirmed the right of the Iraqi people to determine their own political future and control their natural resource
s as well as the importance of support from Iraq's neighbours. The Iraqi Governing Council
was dissolved and progress towards implementing arrangements in Resolution 1511
(2003) was welcomed.
The preamble of the resolution also welcomed democratic commitments by the interim government and affirmed the importance of the rule of law
, respect for human rights
, national reconciliation and free and fair elections. It also stresed the need for all parties to respect Iraq's archaeological, historical, cultural, and religious heritage. There was a role for the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq
(UNAMI) and the international community
in the country's future in accordance with resolutions 1483
(2003) and 1511
(2003).
Furthermore, the interim government requested that the multinational force remain in Iraq and the situation continued to constitute a threat to international peace and security.
, the Council welcomed the assumption of responsibilities and authority by the Iraqi interim government by June 30, 2004 and the end of the occupation and Coalition Provisional Authority
. It endorsed a timetable for the political transition, including the convening of a national conference, and holding of elections in early 2005
leading to the establishment of a transitional government
and called for their peaceful implementation. The United Nations was asked to assist in areas relating to the drafting of a new constitution
, the co-ordination of humanitarian assistance
and the promotion of human rights and reforms. The Iraqi government was also working to improve the security forces.
The resolution authorised the multinational force to take all measures to maintain security and stability in Iraq, and welcomed a partnership between the Iraqi government and the force. At the same time, the mandate
of the force was extended for a further period of twelve months and would be terminated if requested by Iraq. The Council noted intentions by the United States
to create a separate entity in the force to protect the United Nations presence in the country, and the international community
was requested to contribute assistance towards the multinational force and to the development of the Iraq.
The Security Council condemned all terrorism
in Iraq and reaffirmed the obligations of all states under resolutions 1267
(1999), 1333
(2000), 1373
(2001), 1390
(2002), 1455
(2003) and 1526
(2004). The arms embargo
against Iraq would not apply to the government or multinational force and the mandates for the International Atomic Energy Agency
and the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission
.
Additionally, the provisions of the resolution stated that funds in the Development Fund for Iraq
could be used at the discretion of the Iraqi government upon the termination of the Coalition Provisional Authority in a transparent manner. Finally, the Secretary-General Kofi Annan
was requested to report within three months on UNAMI operations in Iraq and on progress made towards elections
on a quarterly basis thereafter. The United States, acting on behalf of the multinational force, was also required to report on progress made in similar intervals.
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
Security Council Resolution
United Nations Security Council Resolution
A United Nations Security Council resolution is a UN resolution adopted by the fifteen members of the Security Council; the UN body charged with "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security"....
1546, adopted unanimously on June 8, 2004, after reaffirming previous resolutions on Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....
, the Council endorsed the formation of the Iraqi Interim Government
Iraqi Interim Government
The Iraqi Interim Government was created by the United States and its coalition allies as a caretaker government to govern Iraq until the Iraqi Transitional Government was installed following the Iraqi National Assembly election conducted on January 30, 2005...
, welcomed the end of the occupation and determined the status of the multinational force and its relationship with the Iraqi government.
The resolution was co-sponsored by the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
and United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
Observations
The Security Council welcomed the transition towards a democraticallyDemocracy
Democracy is generally defined as a form of government in which all adult citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Ideally, this includes equal participation in the proposal, development and passage of legislation into law...
elected Iraqi government and looked forward to the end of the occupation by June 30, 2004 when authority would be held by the interim government. It reaffirmed the right of the Iraqi people to determine their own political future and control their natural resource
Natural resource
Natural resources occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by mankind, in a natural form. A natural resource is often characterized by amounts of biodiversity and geodiversity existent in various ecosystems....
s as well as the importance of support from Iraq's neighbours. The Iraqi Governing Council
Iraqi Governing Council
The Iraqi Governing Council was the provisional government of Iraq from July 13, 2003 to June 1, 2004. It was established by and served under the United States-led Coalition Provisional Authority...
was dissolved and progress towards implementing arrangements in Resolution 1511
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1511
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1511, adopted unanimously on October 16, 2003, after reaffirming previous resolutions on Iraq, particularly 1483 and 1500 , and Resolution 1373 on terrorism, the Council urged countries to contribute towards a multinational force to maintain security and...
(2003) was welcomed.
The preamble of the resolution also welcomed democratic commitments by the interim government and affirmed the importance of the rule of law
Rule of law
The rule of law, sometimes called supremacy of law, is a legal maxim that says that governmental decisions should be made by applying known principles or laws with minimal discretion in their application...
, respect for human rights
Human rights
Human rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...
, national reconciliation and free and fair elections. It also stresed the need for all parties to respect Iraq's archaeological, historical, cultural, and religious heritage. There was a role for the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq
United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq
The United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq is an entity that was formed by the United Nations in Security Council Resolution 1500 on 14 August 2003.-Mandate:...
(UNAMI) and the international community
International community
The international community is a term used in international relations to refer to all peoples, cultures and governments of the world or to a group of them. The term is used to imply the existence of common duties and obligations between them...
in the country's future in accordance with resolutions 1483
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1483
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1483, adopted on May 22, 2003, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation between Iraq and Kuwait, the Council lifted trade sanctions against Iraq and terminated the Oil-for-Food Programme.The resolution was drafted by the United States and...
(2003) and 1511
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1511
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1511, adopted unanimously on October 16, 2003, after reaffirming previous resolutions on Iraq, particularly 1483 and 1500 , and Resolution 1373 on terrorism, the Council urged countries to contribute towards a multinational force to maintain security and...
(2003).
Furthermore, the interim government requested that the multinational force remain in Iraq and the situation continued to constitute a threat to international peace and security.
Acts
Acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations CharterChapter VII of the United Nations Charter
Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter sets out the UN Security Council's powers to maintain peace. It allows the Council to "determine the existence of any threat to the peace, breach of the peace, or act of aggression" and to take military and nonmilitary action to "restore international peace...
, the Council welcomed the assumption of responsibilities and authority by the Iraqi interim government by June 30, 2004 and the end of the occupation and Coalition Provisional Authority
Coalition Provisional Authority
The Coalition Provisional Authority was established as a transitional government following the invasion of Iraq by the United States and its allies, members of the Multi-National Force – Iraq which was formed to oust the government of Saddam Hussein in 2003...
. It endorsed a timetable for the political transition, including the convening of a national conference, and holding of elections in early 2005
Iraqi legislative election, January 2005
Elections for the National Assembly of Iraq were held on January 30, 2005 in Iraq. The 275-member National Assembly was a parliament created under the Transitional Law during the Occupation of Iraq...
leading to the establishment of a transitional government
Iraqi Transitional Government
The Iraqi Transitional Government was the government of Iraq from May 3rd, 2005, when it replaced the Iraqi Interim Government, until May 20th, 2006, when it was replaced by the first permanent government....
and called for their peaceful implementation. The United Nations was asked to assist in areas relating to the drafting of a new constitution
Constitution of Iraq
The Constitution of Iraq is Iraq's fundamental law.-History:Iraq's first constitution, which established a constitutional monarchy, entered into force under the auspices of a British military occupation in 1925 and remained in effect until the 1958 revolution established a republic...
, the co-ordination of humanitarian assistance
Humanitarian aid
Humanitarian aid is material or logistical assistance provided for humanitarian purposes, typically in response to humanitarian crises including natural disaster and man-made disaster. The primary objective of humanitarian aid is to save lives, alleviate suffering, and maintain human dignity...
and the promotion of human rights and reforms. The Iraqi government was also working to improve the security forces.
The resolution authorised the multinational force to take all measures to maintain security and stability in Iraq, and welcomed a partnership between the Iraqi government and the force. At the same time, the mandate
Mandate (international law)
In international law, a mandate is a binding obligation issued from an inter-governmental organization like the United Nations to a country which is bound to follow the instructions of the organization....
of the force was extended for a further period of twelve months and would be terminated if requested by Iraq. The Council noted intentions by the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
to create a separate entity in the force to protect the United Nations presence in the country, and the international community
International community
The international community is a term used in international relations to refer to all peoples, cultures and governments of the world or to a group of them. The term is used to imply the existence of common duties and obligations between them...
was requested to contribute assistance towards the multinational force and to the development of the Iraq.
The Security Council condemned all terrorism
Terrorism
Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...
in Iraq and reaffirmed the obligations of all states under resolutions 1267
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1267
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1267, adopted unanimously on October 15, 1999, after recalling resolutions 1189 , 1193 and 1214 on the situation in Afghanistan, the Council established a sanctions regime to cover individuals and entities associated with Al-Qaida, Osama bin Laden and/or...
(1999), 1333
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1333
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1333, adopted on December 19, 2000, after recalling all resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan, including Resolution 1267 , the Council called for a ban of military assistance to the Taliban, closure of its camps and an end to the provision of...
(2000), 1373
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1373, adopted unanimously on September 28, 2001, is a counter-terrorism measure passed following the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States...
(2001), 1390
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1390
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1390, adopted unanimously on January 16, 2002, after recalling resolutions 1267 , 1333 , 1363 , 1368 , 1373 1378 and 1383 concerning the situation in Afghanistan and terrorism, the Council imposed further sanctions on Osama bin Laden, Al-Qaeda, the...
(2002), 1455
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1455
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1455, adopted unanimously on January 17, 2003, after recalling resolutions 1267 , 1333 , 1363 , 1373 , 1390 and 1452 concerning Al-Qaeda, the Taliban and terrorism, the Council improved the implementation of measures against the groups...
(2003) and 1526
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1526
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1526, adopted unanimously on January 30, 2004, after recalling resolutions 1267 , 1333 , 1363 , 1373 , 1390 , 1452 and 1455 concerning terrorism, the Council tightened sanctions against Al-Qaeda, the Taliban, Osama bin Laden and associated individuals...
(2004). The arms embargo
Arms embargo
An arms embargo is an embargo that applies to weaponry. It may also include "dual use" items. An arms embargo may serve one or more purposes:# to signal disapproval of behavior by a certain actor,# to maintain neutral standing in an ongoing conflict, or...
against Iraq would not apply to the government or multinational force and the mandates for the International Atomic Energy Agency
International Atomic Energy Agency
The International Atomic Energy Agency is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. The IAEA was established as an autonomous organization on 29 July 1957...
and the United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission
United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission
The United Nations Monitoring, Verification and Inspection Commission was created through the adoption of United Nations Security Council resolution 1284 of 17 December 1999....
.
Additionally, the provisions of the resolution stated that funds in the Development Fund for Iraq
Development Fund for Iraq
In May 2003, following the invasion of Iraq in March of that year, the Central Bank of Iraq-Development Fund for Iraq account was created at the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank of New York at the request of the Coalition Provisional Authority Administrator...
could be used at the discretion of the Iraqi government upon the termination of the Coalition Provisional Authority in a transparent manner. Finally, the Secretary-General Kofi Annan
Kofi Annan
Kofi Atta Annan is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the UN from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006...
was requested to report within three months on UNAMI operations in Iraq and on progress made towards elections
Elections in Iraq
Elections in Iraq gives information on election and election results in Iraq.-History:Under the Iraqi constitution of 1925, Iraq was a constitutional monarchy, with a bicameral legislature consisting of an elected House of Representatives and an appointed Senate. The lower house was elected every...
on a quarterly basis thereafter. The United States, acting on behalf of the multinational force, was also required to report on progress made in similar intervals.
See also
- Iraq War
- List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1501 to 1600 (2003 – 2005)