Iraqi Governing Council
Encyclopedia
The Iraqi Governing Council (IGC) was the provisional government of Iraq
Iraq
Iraq ; officially the Republic of Iraq is a country in Western Asia spanning most of the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, the eastern part of the Syrian Desert and the northern part of the Arabian Desert....

 from July 13, 2003 to June 1, 2004. It was established by and served under the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

-led Coalition Provisional Authority
Coalition Provisional Authority
The Coalition Provisional Authority was established as a transitional government following the invasion of Iraq by the United States and its allies, members of the Multi-National Force – Iraq which was formed to oust the government of Saddam Hussein in 2003...

 (CPA). The IGC consisted of various Iraqi political, religious, and tribal leaders who were appointed by the CPA to provide advice and leadership of the country until the June 2004 transfer of sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government
Iraqi Interim Government
The Iraqi Interim Government was created by the United States and its coalition allies as a caretaker government to govern Iraq until the Iraqi Transitional Government was installed following the Iraqi National Assembly election conducted on January 30, 2005...

 (which was replaced in May 2005 by the Iraqi Transitional Government
Iraqi Transitional Government
The Iraqi Transitional Government was the government of Iraq from May 3rd, 2005, when it replaced the Iraqi Interim Government, until May 20th, 2006, when it was replaced by the first permanent government....

, which was then replaced the following year by the first permanent government).

The Council's ethnic and religious breakdown included 13 Shi'ites, five Sunni Arabs
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the largest branch of Islam. Sunni Muslims are referred to in Arabic as ʾAhl ūs-Sunnah wa āl-Ǧamāʿah or ʾAhl ūs-Sunnah for short; in English, they are known as Sunni Muslims, Sunnis or Sunnites....

, five Kurd
Kürd
Kürd or Kyurd or Kyurt may refer to:*Kürd Eldarbəyli, Azerbaijan*Kürd Mahrızlı, Azerbaijan*Kürd, Goychay, Azerbaijan*Kürd, Jalilabad, Azerbaijan*Kürd, Qabala, Azerbaijan*Qurdbayram, Azerbaijan...

s (also Sunnis), one Turkmen
Iraqi Turkmen
The Iraqi Turkmen are an ethnic group who mainly reside in northern Iraq. Estimates of their numbers vary dramatically, in accordance with Iraq's assimilation policies no realistic and independent census results have been revealed regarding the Iraqi Turkmen population...

 and an Assyrian
Assyrian people
The Assyrian people are a distinct ethnic group whose origins lie in ancient Mesopotamia...

. Three of its members were women.

In September 2003, the Iraqi Governing Council gained regional recognition from the Arab League
Arab League
The Arab League , officially called the League of Arab States , is a regional organisation of Arab states in North and Northeast Africa, and Southwest Asia . It was formed in Cairo on 22 March 1945 with six members: Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan , Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. Yemen joined as a...

, which agreed to seat its representative in Iraq's chair at its meetings. On June 1, 2004, the Council dissolved after choosing member Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer
Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer
Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawar is an Iraqi political figure. He was a Vice President of Iraq under the Iraqi Transitional Government from 2005 to 2006, and was Acting President of Iraq under the Iraqi Interim Government from 2004 to 2005....

 as the president of the new Iraq interim government. Full sovereignty was transferred to the interim government (and the CPA dissolved) on June 28.

General information

Though subject to the authority of the CPA administrator Paul Bremer, the council had several key powers of its own. Their duties included appointing representatives to the United Nations
United Nations
The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...

, appointing interim ministers to Iraq's vacant cabinet positions, and drafting a temporary constitution
Constitution
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is...

, the Transitional Administrative Law (TAL). The TAL spelled out the provisions which were to govern the Iraqi Interim Government
Iraqi Interim Government
The Iraqi Interim Government was created by the United States and its coalition allies as a caretaker government to govern Iraq until the Iraqi Transitional Government was installed following the Iraqi National Assembly election conducted on January 30, 2005...

, and the timeline for holding elections to a National Assembly, drafting of a permanent constitution to be voted on by the Iraqi people, and elections to a permanent government.

Despite having to answer to the CPA, different factions took on controversial stands. Religious hardliners won a solid victory when Directive 137 was passed on December 29, 2003. Passed by the council in less than 15 minutes, it replaced Iraq's former secular family law code with Shari'a
Sharia
Sharia law, is the moral code and religious law of Islam. Sharia is derived from two primary sources of Islamic law: the precepts set forth in the Quran, and the example set by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Sunnah. Fiqh jurisprudence interprets and extends the application of sharia to...

 family law. This move met with wide protest among many Iraqi women fearful of how it will affect their freedom to make their own decisions about marriage, divorce, alimony, and many other issues where Iraq used to be a leader in the Arab world for women's rights
Feminism
Feminism is a collection of movements aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, and social rights and equal opportunities for women. Its concepts overlap with those of women's rights...

. Other legislation passed by the council included declaring the day that Baghdad
Baghdad
Baghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...

 fell to be a national holiday, voting to establish a tribunal to try former government leaders, and banning television stations which are deemed to be supportive of the resistance. A new flag chosen by the council for post-Saddam Iraq created much controversy, in part because of the similarity of color and design with the flag of Israel
Flag of Israel
The flag of Israel was adopted on October 28, 1948, five months after the country's establishment. It depicts a blue Star of David on a white background, between two horizontal blue stripes...

, and the flag was not adopted.

According to the Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period
Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period
The Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period , was Iraq's provisional constitution following the 2003 Iraq War. It was signed on March 8, 2004 by the Iraqi Governing Council...

, the interim constitution
Constitution
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is...

 that the Council approved, the Council would cease to function after June 30, 2004, at which point full sovereignty would return to Iraq, and the government will be handed over to a new, sovereign interim government. Instead, the council chose to dissolve itself prematurely.

Presidents of Iraqi Governing Council

Name Took Office Left Office Political Party
Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum (1st time, acting) 13 July 2003 31 July 2003 Non-party
Ibrahim al-Jaafari
Ibrahim al-Jaafari
Ibrahim abd al-Karim Hamzah al-Eshaiker al-Jafari is an Iraqi politician who was Prime Minister of Iraq in the Iraqi Transitional Government from 2005 to 2006, following the January 2005 election. He was previously one of the two Vice-Presidents of Iraq under the Iraqi Interim Government from 2004...

 
1 August 2003 31 August 2003 Islamic Dawa Party
Islamic Dawa Party
The Islamic Dawa Party or Islamic Call Party is a political party in Iraq. Dawa and the Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council are two of the main parties in the religious-Shiite United Iraqi Alliance, which won a plurality of seats in both the provisional January 2005 Iraqi election and the longer-term...

Ahmed Chalabi
Ahmed Chalabi
Ahmed Abdel Hadi Chalabi is an Iraqi politician. He was interim oil minister in Iraq in April-May 2005 and December-January 2006 and deputy prime minister from May 2005 until May 2006. Chalabi failed to win a seat in parliament in the December 2005 elections, and when the new Iraqi cabinet was...

 
1 September 2003 30 September 2003 Iraqi National Congress
Iraqi National Congress
The Iraqi National Congress is an umbrella Iraqi opposition group led by Ahmed Chalabi. It was formed with the aid and direction of the United States government following the Gulf War, for the purpose of fomenting the overthrow of Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein.-History:INC was set up following the...

Iyad Allawi
Iyad Allawi
Ayad Allawi is an Iraqi politician, and was the interim Prime Minister of Iraq prior to Iraq's 2005 legislative elections. A prominent Iraqi political activist who lived in exile for almost 30 years, the politically secular Shia Muslim became a member of the Iraq Interim Governing Council, which...

 
1 October 2003 31 October 2003 Iraqi National Accord
Iraqi National Accord
The Iraqi National Accord known inside Iraq as Wifaq is an Iraqi political party founded by Iyad Allawi and Salah Omar Al-Ali in 1991. Al-Ali subsequently left the party after he realised the extent of Allawi's links to foreign intelligence agencies, mainly the C.I.A. and MI6.It was founded at the...

Jalal Talabani
Jalal Talabani
Jalal Talabani is the sixth and current President of Iraq, a leading Kurdish politician. He is the first non-Arab president of Iraq, although Abdul Kareem Qasim was half Kurdish....

 
1 November 2003 30 November 2003 Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan is a Kurdish political party in Iraqi Kurdistan. The Patriotic Union of Kurdistan was founded on June 1, 1975, by coordinations between Jalal Talabani and Nawshirwan Mustafa...

Abdel-Aziz al-Hakim  1 December 2003 31 December 2003 Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq
Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq
The Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq is an Iraqi political party. Its political support comes from the country's Shi'a Muslim community. Prior to his assassination in August 2003, SCIRI was led by Ayatollah Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim; afterwards it was led by the ayatollah's brother, Abdul Aziz...

Adnan Pachachi
Adnan Pachachi
Adnan al-Pachachi or Adnan Muzahim Amin al-Pachachi is a veteran Iraqi politician and diplomat. Pachachi was Iraq's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1959 to 1965 and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iraq from 1965 to 1967; he again served as Permanent Representative to the UN...

 
1 January 2004 31 January 2004 Assembly of Independent Democrats
Assembly of Independent Democrats
The Assembly of Independent Democrats is an electoral coalition that participated in the January 30, 2005 National Assembly legislative election in Iraq...

Mohsen Abdel Hamid
Mohsen Abdel Hamid
Mohsen Abdel Hamid is an Iraqi politician and Islamic scholar who was a member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council , created following the United States's 2003 invasion of Iraq.-Biography:...

 
1 February 2004 29 February 2004 Iraqi Islamic Party
Iraqi Islamic Party
The Iraqi Islamic Party is currently the largest Sunni Islamist political party in Iraq as well as the most prominent member of the Iraqi Accord Front political coalition. It is currently part of the government of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki...

Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum (2nd time) 1 March 2004 31 March 2004 Non-party
Massoud Barzani
Massoud Barzani
Massoud Barzani is the current President of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region and the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. Barzani was born in Mahabad, Iran, during the rule of the Republic of Mahabad...

 
1 April 2004 30 April 2004 Kurdistan Democratic Party
Ezzedine Salim
Ezzedine Salim
Ezzedine Salim, , also known as Abdelzahra Othman Mohammed , was an Iraqi politician.-Biography:...

 
1 May 2004 17 May 2004 Islamic Dawa Party
Islamic Dawa Party
The Islamic Dawa Party or Islamic Call Party is a political party in Iraq. Dawa and the Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council are two of the main parties in the religious-Shiite United Iraqi Alliance, which won a plurality of seats in both the provisional January 2005 Iraqi election and the longer-term...

Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer
Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer
Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawar is an Iraqi political figure. He was a Vice President of Iraq under the Iraqi Transitional Government from 2005 to 2006, and was Acting President of Iraq under the Iraqi Interim Government from 2004 to 2005....

 
17 May 2004 28 June 2004 Non-party

Council Members

  • Samir Shakir Mahmoud
  • Sondul Chapouk
    Sondul Chapouk
    Sondul Chapouk was a member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council created following the United States' 2003 invasion of Iraq. She was the only Turk and one of only three women in the council...

  • Ahmed Chalabi
    Ahmed Chalabi
    Ahmed Abdel Hadi Chalabi is an Iraqi politician. He was interim oil minister in Iraq in April-May 2005 and December-January 2006 and deputy prime minister from May 2005 until May 2006. Chalabi failed to win a seat in parliament in the December 2005 elections, and when the new Iraqi cabinet was...

     (p)
  • Naseer al-Chaderchi
    Naseer al-Chaderchi
    Naseer Kamel al-Chaderchi was a member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council, created following the United States's 2003 invasion of Iraq. al-Chaderchi is a Sunni Muslim and the leader of the National Democratic Party...

  • Adnan Pachachi
    Adnan Pachachi
    Adnan al-Pachachi or Adnan Muzahim Amin al-Pachachi is a veteran Iraqi politician and diplomat. Pachachi was Iraq's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1959 to 1965 and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iraq from 1965 to 1967; he again served as Permanent Representative to the UN...

     (p)
  • Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum (p)
  • Massoud Barzani
    Massoud Barzani
    Massoud Barzani is the current President of the Iraqi Kurdistan Region and the leader of the Kurdistan Democratic Party. Barzani was born in Mahabad, Iran, during the rule of the Republic of Mahabad...

     (p)
  • Jalal Talabani
    Jalal Talabani
    Jalal Talabani is the sixth and current President of Iraq, a leading Kurdish politician. He is the first non-Arab president of Iraq, although Abdul Kareem Qasim was half Kurdish....

     (p)- first and current President of Iraq
    President of Iraq
    The President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution." The President is elected by the Council of...

  • Abdel-Aziz al-Hakim (p)
  • Ahmed al-Barak
    Ahmed al-Barak
    Ahmed Shya'a al-Barak was a member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council, created following the United States's 2003 invasion of Iraq and dissolved in June 2004. A Shia Muslim from the city of Babylon, al-Barak is a lawyer and coordinator for the Iraqi Bar Association...

  • Ibrahim al-Jaafari
    Ibrahim al-Jaafari
    Ibrahim abd al-Karim Hamzah al-Eshaiker al-Jafari is an Iraqi politician who was Prime Minister of Iraq in the Iraqi Transitional Government from 2005 to 2006, following the January 2005 election. He was previously one of the two Vice-Presidents of Iraq under the Iraqi Interim Government from 2004...

     (p)- served as second interim Prime Minister of Iraq
    Prime Minister of Iraq
    The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...

  • Raja Habib al-Khuzaai
    Raja Habib al-Khuzaai
    Raja Habib al-Khuzaai was a member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council, created following the United States's 2003 invasion of Iraq, and one of only three women on the twenty-five-member governing body. She has also been a member of the Iraqi National Assembly, elected under the banner of the...

  • Aquila al-Hashimi (died following assassination
    Assassination
    To carry out an assassination is "to murder by a sudden and/or secret attack, often for political reasons." Alternatively, assassination may be defined as "the act of deliberately killing someone, especially a public figure, usually for hire or for political reasons."An assassination may be...

     attack on September 25, 2003)
    ; replaced by Salama al-Khufaji
    Salama al-Khufaji
    Salama al-Khufaji was a member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council, created following the United States's 2003 invasion of Iraq. She was appointed on 8 December 2003 to hold the seat formerly held by Aquila al-Hashimi, who was assassinated in September 2003...

     on December 8
  • Younadem Kana
  • Salaheddine Bahaaeddin
    Salaheddine Bahaaeddin
    Salahaddin Muhammad Bahaaddin Sadiq is a Kurdish Iraqi politician.He was born in Tawela, a town referring to Halabja. He is a graduate of The House of Teachers 1969. He worked as a teacher from 1971 to 1981. Then he was ordered to be arrested by the former Iraqi regime. After he refused to join...

  • Mahmoud Othman
    Mahmoud Othman
    - Timeline :*1954 - Joined the Kurdish Struggle*1962 - Became a member of the Kurdistan Democratic Party .*1968 - Became Mustafa Barzani's Deputy dealing with foreign affairs of the revolution....

  • Hamid Majid Mousa
    Hamid Majid Mousa
    Hamid Majid Mousa is the Secretary General of the Iraqi Communist Party. He was a member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council created following the United States's 2003 invasion of Iraq, and currently holds a seat on the National Assembly under Iyad Allawi's Iraqi National List. An economist and...

  • Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer
    Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer
    Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawar is an Iraqi political figure. He was a Vice President of Iraq under the Iraqi Transitional Government from 2005 to 2006, and was Acting President of Iraq under the Iraqi Interim Government from 2004 to 2005....

     (p) - Final council president, served as interim President of Iraq
    President of Iraq
    The President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution." The President is elected by the Council of...

  • Ezzedine Salim
    Ezzedine Salim
    Ezzedine Salim, , also known as Abdelzahra Othman Mohammed , was an Iraqi politician.-Biography:...

     (p) (died in car bomb on May 17, 2004)
  • Mohsen Abdel Hamid
    Mohsen Abdel Hamid
    Mohsen Abdel Hamid is an Iraqi politician and Islamic scholar who was a member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council , created following the United States's 2003 invasion of Iraq.-Biography:...

     (p)
  • Iyad Allawi
    Iyad Allawi
    Ayad Allawi is an Iraqi politician, and was the interim Prime Minister of Iraq prior to Iraq's 2005 legislative elections. A prominent Iraqi political activist who lived in exile for almost 30 years, the politically secular Shia Muslim became a member of the Iraq Interim Governing Council, which...

     (p) - served as first interim Prime Minister of Iraq
    Prime Minister of Iraq
    The Prime Minister of Iraq is Iraq's head of government. Prime Minister was originally an appointed office, subsidiary to the head of state, and the nominal leader of the Iraqi parliament. Under the newly adopted constitution the Prime Minister is to be the country's active executive authority...

  • Wael Abdul Latif
    Wael Abdul Latif
    Wael Abdul Latif is an Iraqi politician from the secular Iraqi National List coalition. He was the Minister of Provincial Affairs in the Iraqi Interim Government created following the United States's 2003 invasion of Iraq....

  • Mowaffak al-Rubaie
  • Dara Noor Alzin
    Dara Noor Alzin
    Dara Nur al-Din is an Iraqi judge and politician and Minister of Justice since February 2008.A Sunni Kurd, Alzin was a judge who ruled that an edict of Saddam Hussein's government which allowed confiscation of land without proper compensation was unconstitutional...

  • Abdel-Karim Mahoud al-Mohammedawi
    Abdel-Karim Mahoud al-Mohammedawi
    Abdel-Karim Mahoud al-Mohammedawi was a member of the Interim Iraq Governing Council created following the United States's 2003 invasion of Iraq...



The presidency of Iraq rotated monthly among nine members of the council. A (p) marks those members above. (See President of Iraq
President of Iraq
The President of Iraq is the head of state of Iraq and "safeguards the commitment to the Constitution and the preservation of Iraq's independence, sovereignty, unity, the security of its territories in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution." The President is elected by the Council of...

.)

Cabinet

On September 1, 2003, the council named its first cabinet. They were:
  • Minister of Communications — Haidar al-Abbadi
    Haidar al-Abbadi
    Dr Haider Al-Abadi is an Iraqi politician and spokesman for the Islamic Call Party or Islamic Dawa Party.He was appointed Minister of Communications in the Iraqi Governing Council on 1 September 2003...

  • Minister of Public Works — Nesreen Mustafa Sidiq Berwari
  • Minister of Construction and Housing — Bayan Baqir Solagh
  • Minister of the Environment — Abdul-Rahman Sidiq Kareem
  • Minister of Trade — Ali Abdul-Amir Allawi
  • Minister of Planning — Mahdi al-Hafidh
  • Minister of Education — Alaudin Abdul-Saheb al-Alwan
  • Minister of Higher Education — Zeyad Abdul-Razzaq Mohammed Aswad
  • Minister of Culture — Mofeed Mohammed Jawad al-Jazaeri
  • Minister of Human Rights — Abdul-Basit Turki (resigned April 2004)
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs — Hoshyar Zebari
    Hoshyar Zebari
    Hoshyar Zebari is the current Minister of Foreign Affairs of Iraq. A Kurd originally from Aqrah, a city in Iraqi Kurdistan, Zebari holds a masters degree in sociology from the University of Essex, England and studied political science in Jordan...

  • Minister of Interior — Nori al-Badran (resigned April 2004 and replaced by Samir Sumaidaie
    Samir Sumaidaie
    Samir Shakir Mahmoud Sumayda'ie is an Iraqi politician and the Iraqi ambassador to the United States. He was born in Baghdad in 1944 and left Iraq in 1960 to study in the United Kingdom where he obtained a degree in electrical engineering from Durham University in 1965 and a postgraduate diploma...

    )
  • Minister of Agriculture — Abdul-Ameer Abboud Rahima
  • Minister of Sport and Youth — Ali Faik al-Ghadban
    Ali Faik al-Ghadban
    Ali Faik al-Ghadban was Minister of Youth and Sports in the cabinet appointed by the Interim Iraq Governing Council in September 2003 and in the Iraqi Interim Government. A Shia Muslim, al-Ghadban is a supporter of the Supreme Islamic Iraqi Council....

  • Minister of Health — Dr. Khudayer Abbas
  • Minister of Industry and Minerals — Mohammed Tawfik Raheem
  • Minister of Justice — Hashim Abdul-Rahman al-Shibli
  • Minister of Science and Technology — Rashad Mandan Omar
    Rashad Mandan Omar
    Rashad Mandan Omar was Minister of Science and Technology in the cabinet appointed by the Interim Iraq Governing Council in September 2003 and in the Iraqi Interim Government....

  • Minister of Work and Social Affairs — Sami Izara al-Majoun
  • Minister of Electricity — Ayham al-Samaraie
  • Minister of Finance — Kamil Mubdir al-Gailani
  • Minister of Immigration and Refugees — Mohammed Jassem Khudair
  • Minister of Water Resources — Abdul-Latif Rashid
  • Minister of Oil — Ibrahim Mohamed Bahr al-Uloum
  • Minister of Transport — Behnam Zayya Polis


The Saddam-era positions of Minister of Defense and Minister of Information were dissolved.

External links

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