Treviglio
Encyclopedia
Treviglio is a town and comune
in the province of Bergamo
, in Lombardy
, northern Italy
. It lies 20 km south of the capital city, in the lower territory called "Bassa" marked by the Adda
and the Serio
rivers.
With approximately 29,000 inhabitants, the comune
is now the second most populous town in the province. It is also called "the tractor town" for the presence of the SAME Deutz-Fahr
headquarters.
unifying three pre-existing settlements: Cusarola, Pisignano and Portoli. These were of Celt
ic, Roman
and Lombard
origin, respectively. Around the year 1000 Treviglio housed the inhabitants of Oriano, a commune near Brescia
, which had been destroyed in the course of the struggle between Arduin of Ivrea and Henry II
for the Imperial crown
.
From 1225 Treviglio was a free commune
whose statutes, dating from 1392, are currently housed in the city's museum. The government was held by 60 consuls, twenty for each of the original ethnic groups, who remained in charge for six months. These statutes also required that no noble could be allowed to live within the city walls.
In 1395 Treviglio gained autonomy from the Empire, which it held until 1789 as a "Separate Land of the Duchy of Milan
" excepting several brief Venetian
occupations (in 1431-1433, 1448–1453, and 1499–1509). In the course of the last invasion in 1509, the city was burnt down by the departing Venetian troops. The French king Louis XII
witnessed the event and vindicated it in the subsequent Battle of Agnadello
.
Treviglio joined the Kingdom of Italy
in 1860.
Benito Mussolini
married Rachele Guidi in Treviglio, in a civil union, on December 17, 1915, after the future duce
had recovered in the local hospital. They already had a daughter, Edda
.
Treviglio received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on January 8, 1960, after a promise of King Victor Emanuel II in 1860.
.
(also known as Treviglio Centrale) is on the Milan–Venice railway, and Treviglio Ovest railway station (Treviglio West) is on the Treviglio–Bergamo railway. An old building to the south of Treviglio Ovest was the station building
of an earlier station, in service between the late 1850s and 1878.
The town can be reached by car with State Roads N. 11 (Milano-Brescia) and N. 42 (from Bergamo, to Lodi and Crema).
Comune
In Italy, the comune is the basic administrative division, and may be properly approximated in casual speech by the English word township or municipality.-Importance and function:...
in the province of Bergamo
Province of Bergamo
The Province of Bergamo is a province in the Lombardy region of Italy. It has a population of 1,098,740 , an area of 2,722.86 square km, and contains 244 comuni...
, in Lombardy
Lombardy
Lombardy is one of the 20 regions of Italy. The capital is Milan. One-sixth of Italy's population lives in Lombardy and about one fifth of Italy's GDP is produced in this region, making it the most populous and richest region in the country and one of the richest in the whole of Europe...
, northern Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
. It lies 20 km south of the capital city, in the lower territory called "Bassa" marked by the Adda
Adda River
The Adda is a river in North Italy, a tributary of the Po. It rises in the Alps near the border with Switzerland and flows through Lake Como. The Adda joins the Po a few kilometres upstream of Cremona. It is 313 kilometres long...
and the Serio
Serio River
The Serio, in Lombard Sère, is an Italian river that flows entirely within Lombardy, crossing the provinces of Bergamo and Cremona. It is 124 kilometers long and it flows into the Adda at Bocca di Serio, to the south of Crema....
rivers.
With approximately 29,000 inhabitants, the comune
Comune
In Italy, the comune is the basic administrative division, and may be properly approximated in casual speech by the English word township or municipality.-Importance and function:...
is now the second most populous town in the province. It is also called "the tractor town" for the presence of the SAME Deutz-Fahr
Same Deutz-Fahr
SAME Deutz-Fahr is an Italian-based manufacturer of tractors, combine harvesters, other agricultural machines, engines and equipment. It builds tractors under the SAME , Lamborghini, Hürlimann and Deutz-Fahr brands, and combines under the Deutz-Fahr and Đuro Đaković brands.SDF builds some tractors...
headquarters.
History
Treviglio was founded in the High Middle AgesHigh Middle Ages
The High Middle Ages was the period of European history around the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries . The High Middle Ages were preceded by the Early Middle Ages and followed by the Late Middle Ages, which by convention end around 1500....
unifying three pre-existing settlements: Cusarola, Pisignano and Portoli. These were of Celt
Celt
The Celts were a diverse group of tribal societies in Iron Age and Roman-era Europe who spoke Celtic languages.The earliest archaeological culture commonly accepted as Celtic, or rather Proto-Celtic, was the central European Hallstatt culture , named for the rich grave finds in Hallstatt, Austria....
ic, Roman
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
and Lombard
Lombards
The Lombards , also referred to as Longobards, were a Germanic tribe of Scandinavian origin, who from 568 to 774 ruled a Kingdom in Italy...
origin, respectively. Around the year 1000 Treviglio housed the inhabitants of Oriano, a commune near Brescia
Brescia
Brescia is a city and comune in the region of Lombardy in northern Italy. It is situated at the foot of the Alps, between the Mella and the Naviglio, with a population of around 197,000. It is the second largest city in Lombardy, after the capital, Milan...
, which had been destroyed in the course of the struggle between Arduin of Ivrea and Henry II
Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor
Henry II , also referred to as Saint Henry, Obl.S.B., was the fifth and last Holy Roman Emperor of the Ottonian dynasty, from his coronation in Rome in 1014 until his death a decade later. He was crowned King of the Germans in 1002 and King of Italy in 1004...
for the Imperial crown
Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire was a realm that existed from 962 to 1806 in Central Europe.It was ruled by the Holy Roman Emperor. Its character changed during the Middle Ages and the Early Modern period, when the power of the emperor gradually weakened in favour of the princes...
.
From 1225 Treviglio was a free commune
Medieval commune
Medieval communes in the European Middle Ages had sworn allegiances of mutual defense among the citizens of a town or city. They took many forms, and varied widely in organization and makeup. Communes are first recorded in the late 11th and early 12th centuries, thereafter becoming a widespread...
whose statutes, dating from 1392, are currently housed in the city's museum. The government was held by 60 consuls, twenty for each of the original ethnic groups, who remained in charge for six months. These statutes also required that no noble could be allowed to live within the city walls.
In 1395 Treviglio gained autonomy from the Empire, which it held until 1789 as a "Separate Land of the Duchy of Milan
Duchy of Milan
The Duchy of Milan , was created on the 1st of may 1395, when Gian Galeazzo Visconti, Lord of Milan, purchased a diploma for 100,000 Florins from King Wenceslaus. It was this diploma that installed, Gian Galeazzo as Duke of Milan and Count of Pavia...
" excepting several brief Venetian
Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice or Venetian Republic was a state originating from the city of Venice in Northeastern Italy. It existed for over a millennium, from the late 7th century until 1797. It was formally known as the Most Serene Republic of Venice and is often referred to as La Serenissima, in...
occupations (in 1431-1433, 1448–1453, and 1499–1509). In the course of the last invasion in 1509, the city was burnt down by the departing Venetian troops. The French king Louis XII
Louis XII of France
Louis proved to be a popular king. At the end of his reign the crown deficit was no greater than it had been when he succeeded Charles VIII in 1498, despite several expensive military campaigns in Italy. His fiscal reforms of 1504 and 1508 tightened and improved procedures for the collection of taxes...
witnessed the event and vindicated it in the subsequent Battle of Agnadello
Battle of Agnadello
The Battle of Agnadello, also known as Vailà, was one of the more significant battles of the War of the League of Cambrai and one of the major battles of the Italian Wars....
.
Treviglio joined the Kingdom of Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
in 1860.
Benito Mussolini
Benito Mussolini
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism....
married Rachele Guidi in Treviglio, in a civil union, on December 17, 1915, after the future duce
Duce
Duce is an Italian title, derived from the Latin word dux, and cognate with duke. National Fascist Party leader Benito Mussolini was identified by Fascists as Il Duce of the movement and became a reference to the dictator position of Head of Government and Duce of Fascism of Italy was established...
had recovered in the local hospital. They already had a daughter, Edda
Edda Mussolini
Edda Mussolini was the eldest child of Benito Mussolini, Italy's fascist dictator from 1922 to 1943. Upon her marriage to fascist propagandist and foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano she became Edda Ciano, Countess of Cortellazzo and Buccari.She strongly denied her involvement in the National Fascist...
.
Treviglio received the honorary title of city with a presidential decree on January 8, 1960, after a promise of King Victor Emanuel II in 1860.
Main sights
- Palazzo Municipale (Town Hall), finished in 1300. It was restored in 1582 and received another floor in 1873. It has an elegant porticoPorticoA portico is a porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway, supported by columns or enclosed by walls...
. - Basilica of San Martino, built in 1008 over the pre-Romanesque church of the Assunta. In 1482 it was remade in Lombard-GothicGothic architectureGothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....
style. The current façade, though in the same style, is from 1740. The interior has works by Gian Paolo Cavagna, Camillo ProcacciniCamillo Procaccinithumb|300px|Nativity by Camillo ProcacciniCamillo Procaccini was an Italian painter. He has been posthumously referred to as the Vasari of Lombardy, for his prolific Mannerist fresco decoration....
and other, but its most notable feature is the polyptychPolyptychA polyptych generally refers to a painting which is divided into sections, or panels. The terminology that follows is in relevance to the number of panels integrated into a particular piece of work: "diptych" describes a two-part work of art; "triptych" describes a three-part work; "tetraptych"...
of Madonna with Saints by Bernardo ZenaleBernardo ZenaleBernardo Zenale was an Italian painter and architect.- Biography :Zenale was born in Treviglio, Lombardy, where in 1485 he finished the great polyptych for the church of St. Martin, together with his fellow Bernardino Butinone. Later he collaborated to the decoration of the Certosa di Pavia...
and Bernardino ButinoneBernardino ButinoneBernardino Butinone was an Italian painter of the Renaissance, active mainly around Milan.Born in Treviglio, Lombardy, he was the son of Jacopo da Treviglio, and also known as Bernardo da Treviglio....
(1485), considered one of the masterworks of 15th century Lombard art. The bell tower (a former civic tower) dates to the early 11th century. - Sanctuary of Madonna delle Lacrime (1619).
- Church of San Carlo (17th century).
- Relief of the Gatta ("Kitty") in the Piazza Manara
Economy
Agriculture and trade were prominent in the economy of Treviglio well into the 20th century, with a flourishing craft sector producing furniture and silk. Industry is now developed in the mechanics, electrics and chemical sectors. In particular, there are a cycle factory, some heavy chemical plants and a large tractor factory, owned by SDFSame Deutz-Fahr
SAME Deutz-Fahr is an Italian-based manufacturer of tractors, combine harvesters, other agricultural machines, engines and equipment. It builds tractors under the SAME , Lamborghini, Hürlimann and Deutz-Fahr brands, and combines under the Deutz-Fahr and Đuro Đaković brands.SDF builds some tractors...
.
Transport
Treviglio has two railway stations. Treviglio railway stationTreviglio railway station
Treviglio railway station , also known as Treviglio Centrale railway station is the main station serving the town and comune of Treviglio, in the region of Lombardy, northern Italy...
(also known as Treviglio Centrale) is on the Milan–Venice railway, and Treviglio Ovest railway station (Treviglio West) is on the Treviglio–Bergamo railway. An old building to the south of Treviglio Ovest was the station building
Station building
A station building, also known as a head house, is the main building of a passenger train station. It is typically used principally to provide services to passengers.A station building is not to be confused with the station itself...
of an earlier station, in service between the late 1850s and 1878.
The town can be reached by car with State Roads N. 11 (Milano-Brescia) and N. 42 (from Bergamo, to Lodi and Crema).
People
- Trento LongarettiTrento LongarettiTrento Longaretti is an Italian painter, born in 1916 in the comune of Treviglio in the Province of Bergamo.He undertook his high school studies in Milan, then from 1931 to 1939 he studied at the Accademia di Brera, where he was a student of Aldo Carpi, and during which he first exhibited his works...
, artist - Giacinto FacchettiGiacinto FacchettiGiacinto Facchetti was an Italian football player. From January 2004 until his death, he was President of Internazionale, the club for which he played for his whole career during the 1960s and 1970s, playing 634 official games and scoring 75 goals. He played for the Internazionale team remembered...
, former Internazionale and ItalianItaly national football teamThe Italy National Football Team , represents Italy in association football and is controlled by the Italian Football Federation , the governing body for football in Italy. Italy is the second most successful national team in the history of the World Cup having won four titles , just one fewer than...
Footballer - Andrea VergaAndrea VergaAndrea Verga was an Italian psychiatrist and neurologist who was a native of Treviglio. He was clinical professor of psychiatry at the Ospedale Maggiore in Milan, and in 1864 with Serafino Biffi founded the Archivio Italiano per le malattie nervose e più particolarmente per le alienazioni mentali...
, neurologist