Sud Aviation Caravelle
Encyclopedia
The Sud Aviation SE 210 Caravelle was the first short/medium-range jet airliner
Airliner
An airliner is a large fixed-wing aircraft for transporting passengers and cargo. Such aircraft are operated by airlines. Although the definition of an airliner can vary from country to country, an airliner is typically defined as an aircraft intended for carrying multiple passengers in commercial...

 produced by the French Sud Aviation
Sud Aviation
Sud-Aviation was a French state-owned aircraft manufacturer, originating from the merger of Sud-Est and Sud-Ouest on March 1, 1957...

 firm starting in 1955 (when it was still known as SNCASE). The Caravelle was one of the more successful European first generation jetliners, selling throughout Europe and even penetrating the United States market, with an order for 20 from United Airlines
United Airlines
United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees (which includes the entire holding company United Continental...

. The Caravelle established the aft-mounted-engine, clean-wing design that has since been used on a wide variety of subsequent aircraft.

Design and development

On 12 October 1951 the Comité du Matériel Civil (civil aircraft committee) published a specification for a medium range aircraft, which was later sent to the industry by the Direction Technique et Industrielle. This called for an aircraft carrying 55 to 65 passengers and 1000 kg (2,204.6 lb) of cargo on routes up to 2000 km (1,079.9 nmi; 1,242.7 mi) with a cruise speed about 600 km/h (306.1 kn; 372.8 mph). The type and number of engines was not specified. Various design studies for aircraft in this category had been underway since 1946 by several of the leading French aircraft manufacturing organisations, but none had the financial power to start construction.

Response from the French industry was strong, with every major manufacturer sending in at least one proposal, and a total of 20 different designs were received. Most of the proposals used all-turbojet power, although Breguet entered a number of designs for both turbojet and turboprop
Turboprop
A turboprop engine is a type of turbine engine which drives an aircraft propeller using a reduction gear.The gas turbine is designed specifically for this application, with almost all of its output being used to drive the propeller...

 types; among these was one for an Atar-powered tri-jet to be developed in association with the SNCA du Nord
Nord Aviation
Nord-Aviation was a state-owned French aircraft manufacturer. It was created on October 1, 1954 upon the acquisition of SFECMAS by SNCAN...

 and a turboprop type, all known as Br. 978. Hurel-Dubois entered several turboprop designs based on a narrow fuselage and shoulder mounted wing similar to many regional propliners. Proposals from the SNCA du Sud-Ouest included the S.O.60 with two Rolls-Royce Avon
Rolls-Royce Avon
|-See also:-Bibliography:* Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopaedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9-External links:**** a 1955 Flight article on the development of the Avon...

 RA.7 engines, with two smaller Turbomeca Marboré
Turbomeca Marboré
|-See also:-References:* Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9-External links:* *...

s as auxiliaries. SNCA du Sud-Est returned a number of designs from the X-200 to X-210, all of them pure-jet.

After studying the various entries, the Comité du Matériel Civil cut the list to three entrants on 28 March 1952: the four-engined Avon/Marbore S.0.60, the twin-Avon Hurel-Dubois project, and the three-Avon Sud-Est X-210. At this point Rolls-Royce
Rolls-Royce Limited
Rolls-Royce Limited was a renowned British car and, from 1914 on, aero-engine manufacturing company founded by Charles Stewart Rolls and Henry Royce on 15 March 1906 as the result of a partnership formed in 1904....

 started offering a new version of the Avon that could develop 9,000 lbf (40 kN) thrust, making the auxiliary engines on the S.O.60 and the third engine on the X-210 unnecessary.

The Committee requested SNCASE re-submit the X-210 as a twin-Avon design. In doing so they decided not to bother moving the remaining engines from their rear-mounted position; most designs mounted the engines under the wing where they can be mounted on the spar for lower overall weight, but SNCASE felt the savings were not worth the effort. This turned out to be a benefit to the design, as the cabin noise was greatly reduced. The revised X-210 design with twin Avons was re-submitted to the SGACC in July 1952.

Two months later the SNCASE received official notification that its design had been accepted. On 6 July 1953 the SGACC ordered two prototypes and two static airframes for fatigue testing. Sud's design licensed several fuselage features from de Havilland
De Havilland
The de Havilland Aircraft Company was a British aviation manufacturer founded in 1920 when Airco, of which Geoffrey de Havilland had been chief designer, was sold to BSA by the owner George Holt Thomas. De Havilland then set up a company under his name in September of that year at Stag Lane...

, a company Sud had dealings with for several earlier designs. The nose area and cockpit layout were both taken directly from the de Havilland Comet
De Havilland Comet
The de Havilland DH 106 Comet was the world's first commercial jet airliner to reach production. Developed and manufactured by de Havilland at the Hatfield, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom headquarters, it first flew in 1949 and was a landmark in aeronautical design...

, while the rest of the plane was locally designed.

The first prototype of the Caravelle (F-WHHH), christened by Madame de Gaulle
Yvonne de Gaulle
Yvonne de Gaulle , born as Yvonne Charlotte Anne Marie Vendroux, was the wife of Charles de Gaulle. They were married on April 7, 1921. She was sometimes known as "Tante Yvonne"...

, was rolled out on 21 April 1955, and flew on 27 May powered by two British Rolls-Royce RA-26 Mk.522 with 4536 kgf (44,483 N) of unitary thrust. The crew was composed by Pierre Nadot (first officer), André Moynot (second officer), Jean Avril (mechanic), André Préneron (radio operator) and Roger Beteille. The flight duration was 41 minutes. The second prototype flew a year later on 6 May 1956. The first prototype had a cargo door on the lower left side of the fuselage, but this was removed in the second prototype for an all-seating arrangement. The first order was from Air France
Air France
Air France , stylised as AIRFRANCE, is the French flag carrier headquartered in Tremblay-en-France, , and is one of the world's largest airlines. It is a subsidiary of the Air France-KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance...

 in 1956, followed by SAS
Scandinavian Airlines System
Scandinavian Airlines or SAS, previously Scandinavian Airlines System, is the flag carrier of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and the largest airline in Scandinavia....

 in 1957. That year Sud-Est merged with Sud-Ouest
Sud-Ouest
-Places:* Sud-Ouest Region , the Burkina Faso region* Sud-Ouest Region , the Cameroon region* Ile du Sud-Ouest, an isle in the Cosmoledo atoll* Le Sud-Ouest, a borough in Montreal, Quebec...

 to become Sud Aviation, but the original SE naming was retained. More orders followed, mainly triggered by presentations on airshows and demonstrations to potential customers. The Caravelle was certified in May 1959 and shortly afterwards entered service with SAS
Scandinavian Airlines System
Scandinavian Airlines or SAS, previously Scandinavian Airlines System, is the flag carrier of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and the largest airline in Scandinavia....

 and Air France
Air France
Air France , stylised as AIRFRANCE, is the French flag carrier headquartered in Tremblay-en-France, , and is one of the world's largest airlines. It is a subsidiary of the Air France-KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance...

.

Several models were produced over the lifetime of the production run, as the power of the available engines grew and allowed for higher takeoff weights. By this time most of Sud Aviation's design department turned to a supersonic transport
Supersonic transport
A supersonic transport is a civilian supersonic aircraft designed to transport passengers at speeds greater than the speed of sound. The only SSTs to see regular service to date have been Concorde and the Tupolev Tu-144. The last passenger flight of the Tu-144 was in June 1978 with its last ever...

 of the same general size and range as the Caravelle, naturally naming it the Super-Caravelle
Sud Aviation Super-Caravelle
The Sud Aviation Super-Caravelle was an early design for a supersonic transport. Unlike most competing designs which envisioned larger trans-Atlantic aircraft and led to the likes of the Boeing 2707, the Super-Caravelle was a much smaller, shorter range design intended to replace their earlier and...

; however, this work would later be merged with similar work at the Bristol Aeroplane Company
Bristol Aeroplane Company
The Bristol Aeroplane Company, originally the British and Colonial Aeroplane Company, was both one of the first and one of the most important British aviation companies, designing and manufacturing both airframes and aero engines...

 to produce the Concorde
Concorde
Aérospatiale-BAC Concorde was a turbojet-powered supersonic passenger airliner, a supersonic transport . It was a product of an Anglo-French government treaty, combining the manufacturing efforts of Aérospatiale and the British Aircraft Corporation...

. In some configurations, aircraft had a number of rearward-facing passenger seats, an uncommon seating arrangement for civil aircraft.

In total 282 Caravelles of all types were built (2 prototype or pre-production aircraft and 280 production aircraft), with Sud Aviation's break-even point at around the 200 mark.

Variants

data from Lopez
Variant Length Engines Passengers
Caravelle I 32.01 metre RA-29 Mk.522 80
Caravelle IA 32.01 metre RA-29 Mk.522A 80
Caravelle III 32.01 metre RA-29 Mk.527 and 527B 80
Caravelle VI-N 32.01 metre RA-29 Mk.531 and 531B 80
Caravelle VI-R 32.01 metre RA-29 Mk.533R 80
Caravelle 10R 32.01 metre P&W JT8D-7 80
Caravelle 11R 32.71 metre P&W JT8D-7 89-99
Caravelle 10B 33.01 metre P&W JT8D-7 105
Caravelle 12 36.24 metre P&W JT8D-9 140


Caravelle I
Similar to the original prototypes; first flew on 14 May 1958. This variant was powered by two Rolls-Royce RA-29 Avon Mk.522 with 4763 kgf (46,709.1 N) of unitary thrust and a capacity of 80 passengers. The French certification was obtained on 2 April 1959 and the FAA
Federal Aviation Administration
The Federal Aviation Administration is the national aviation authority of the United States. An agency of the United States Department of Transportation, it has authority to regulate and oversee all aspects of civil aviation in the U.S...

 one six days later. The first revenue flight took place in that same year with Air France
Air France
Air France , stylised as AIRFRANCE, is the French flag carrier headquartered in Tremblay-en-France, , and is one of the world's largest airlines. It is a subsidiary of the Air France-KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance...

 in the Paris-Rome-Athens
Athens
Athens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state...

Istanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...

 route. The Air France Caravelle F-BHRB "Lorraine
Lorraine (région)
Lorraine is one of the 27 régions of France. The administrative region has two cities of equal importance, Metz and Nancy. Metz is considered to be the official capital since that is where the regional parliament is situated...

" was introduced in the Paris-London route on 27 July 1959.
Sales: 20 sold; to Air France
Air France
Air France , stylised as AIRFRANCE, is the French flag carrier headquartered in Tremblay-en-France, , and is one of the world's largest airlines. It is a subsidiary of the Air France-KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance...

 (10), SAS
Scandinavian Airlines System
Scandinavian Airlines or SAS, previously Scandinavian Airlines System, is the flag carrier of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and the largest airline in Scandinavia....

 (6), Air Algérie
Air Algérie
Air Algérie SpA is the national flag carrier airline of Algeria, with its head office in the Immeuble El-Djazair in Algiers. With flights operating from Houari Boumedienne Airport, Air Algérie operates scheduled international services to 39 destinations in 28 countries in Europe, North America,...

 (2), and VARIG
Varig
VARIG was the first airline founded in Brazil, in 1927. From 1965 until 1990 it was Brazil's leading and almost only international airline...

 (2). One of the VARIG examples was leased by Sud to Air Vietnam
Air Vietnam
Active from 1951 to 1975, Air Viet Nam was South Vietnam's first commercial air carrier, headquartered in District 1, Saigon. Established under Emperor Bảo Đại, the Chief of State of South Vietnam, the airline flew over one million passengers, including during the Vietnam War, before its collapse...

 and Middle East Airlines
Middle East Airlines
Middle East Airlines – Air Liban S.A.L. , more commonly known as Middle East Airlines , is the national flag-carrier airline of Lebanon, with its head office in Beirut, near Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport...

 before delivery to Royal Air Maroc
Royal Air Maroc
Royal Air Maroc is the flag carrier airline of Morocco, headquartered on the grounds of Casablanca-Anfa Airport in Casablanca...

.


Caravelle IA
This variant had the same external configuration as variant I but with more powerful engines, the Rolls-Royce Avon RA-29/1 Mk.526. Obviously, with improved capabilities. The first flight took place on 11 February 1960. Variants I and IA were later converted to the III variant.
Sales: 12 built. Deliveries were to Air France
Air France
Air France , stylised as AIRFRANCE, is the French flag carrier headquartered in Tremblay-en-France, , and is one of the world's largest airlines. It is a subsidiary of the Air France-KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance...

, SAS
Scandinavian Airlines System
Scandinavian Airlines or SAS, previously Scandinavian Airlines System, is the flag carrier of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and the largest airline in Scandinavia....

, Air Algérie, Finnair
Finnair
Finnair Plc is the flag carrier and largest airline of Finland, with its headquarters on the grounds of Helsinki Airport in Vantaa, Finland, and its main hub at Helsinki Airport. Finnair and its subsidiaries dominate both the domestic and international air travel markets in Finland. The largest...

, and Royal Air Maroc
Royal Air Maroc
Royal Air Maroc is the flag carrier airline of Morocco, headquartered on the grounds of Casablanca-Anfa Airport in Casablanca...

.


Caravelle III
Later improvements of the Avon led to the Caravelle III. It first flew on 30 December 1959, beginning service with Alitalia
Alitalia
Alitalia - Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. , in its later stages known as Alitalia - Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. in Extraordinary Administration, was the former Italian flag carrier...

 in April 1960. The Caravelle III was powered with Rolls-Royce Avon RA-29/3 Mk.527 and RA-29/3 Mk.527B, both with 5170 kgf (50,700.4 N) of unitary thrust.
Sales: The Series III was the best-selling Caravelle with 78 built. Of the 32 Series I, 31 were upgraded to Series III standard. Air Inter
Air Inter
Air Inter was a semi-public French domestic airline. Before its merger with Air France, the airline was headquartered in Paray-Vieille-Poste, Essonne. Earlier in its life, it was headquartered in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.Air Inter was incorporated on 12 November 1954...

 used 16 of this type for its domestic routes. Major deliveries to Air France
Air France
Air France , stylised as AIRFRANCE, is the French flag carrier headquartered in Tremblay-en-France, , and is one of the world's largest airlines. It is a subsidiary of the Air France-KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance...

, as well as examples for Swissair
Swissair
Swissair AG was the former national airline of Switzerland.It was formed from a merger between Balair and Ad Astra Aero , in 1931...

, Alitalia
Alitalia
Alitalia - Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. , in its later stages known as Alitalia - Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. in Extraordinary Administration, was the former Italian flag carrier...

, SAS
Scandinavian Airlines System
Scandinavian Airlines or SAS, previously Scandinavian Airlines System, is the flag carrier of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and the largest airline in Scandinavia....

, and Royal Air Maroc
Royal Air Maroc
Royal Air Maroc is the flag carrier airline of Morocco, headquartered on the grounds of Casablanca-Anfa Airport in Casablanca...

.

Caravelle VI-N
Power-improved version with Avon RA-29/6 Mk 531 and RA 29/6 Mk 531B with 5535 kgf (54,279.8 N) of unitary thrust engines. The capabilities were improved and the weights increased; the payload was reduced. The Caravelle VI-N first flew on September 10, 1960 beginning service with Sabena
Sabena
SABENA was the national airline of Belgium from 1923 to 2001, with its base at Brussels National Airport. After its bankruptcy in 2001, the newly formed SN Brussels Airlines took over part of SABENA's assets in February 2002, which then became Brussels Airlines...

 (Belgium) on January 1961. Of the 78 Series III, 5 were upgraded to Series VI N.
Sales: 53 built. Deliveries to Saeta
Saeta
-Culture:* Saeta , uniformes deportivos* Saeta , traditional Andalusian music* Saeta , indie slowcore chamber-pop band* Saetia, indie screamo band* Saeta , a piece of music by Howard Haigh...

, Corse Air, Europe A.S.
EAS Europe Airlines
EAS Europe Airlines was a French airlines that operated from 1965 until 1995.-Code data:*IATA Code: EYT*ICAO Code: EY*Callsign: Euro Line-Company history:...

, Minerve
Minerve
Minerve was a French submarine, one of nine of the Daphné class. The relatively small submarine was an experimental missile-carrying submarine with a diesel engine...

, Pushpaka Aviation and Yugoslav Airlines.


Caravelle VI-R
First Caravelle with thrust reversers. The cockpit windows were made bigger with redesigned layout and more powerful brakes were introduced. It first flew on February 6, 1961, obtaining the FAA certificate on June 5 that same year. It began service with United Airlines
United Airlines
United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees (which includes the entire holding company United Continental...

 on July 14. Dash-6R was powered by Avon Ra-29 Mk. 533R and Mk 535R (R, for Reverse) with a unitary thrust of 5715 kgf (56,045 N).
Sales: 56 built, 20 for United Airlines
United Airlines
United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees (which includes the entire holding company United Continental...

. Other series VI customers included Indian Airlines (9), Panair do Brasil
Panair do Brasil
Panair do Brasil is a defunct airline of Brazil. Between 1945 and 1965 it was considered to be the largest carrier not only in Brazil but in all of Latin America.-NYRBA do Brasil :...

 (4), Cruzeiro do Sul
Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul
Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul, was the second oldest airline of Brazil, tracing its origins to 1927, when it was founded as Syndicato Condor, a subsidiary of Deutsche Luft Hansa. Syndicato Condor retained rights and interests of a former German trade company, Condor Syndikat, which previously...

, Iberia Líneas Aéreas De España
Iberia Airlines
Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España, S.A., commonly known as Iberia, is the flag carrier airline of Spain. Based in Madrid, it operates an international network of services from its main bases of Madrid-Barajas Airport and Barcelona El Prat Airport....

 (4), LAN Chile (3), Aerolíneas Argentinas
Aerolíneas Argentinas
Aerolíneas Argentinas , formally Aerolíneas Argentinas S.A., is Argentina's largest airline and serves as the country's flag carrier. Owned in its majority by the Argentine Government, the airline is headquartered in the Torre Bouchard, located in San Nicolás, Buenos Aires...

 (3), TAP Portugal
TAP Portugal
TAP Portugal, commonly known as TAP, is the national airline of Portugal. It has its head office in Building 25 on the grounds of Portela Airport in Lisbon, and has been a member of the Star Alliance since 14 March 2005, the same day on which the company celebrated its 60th anniversary...

 (3). This was also used by Filipinas Orient Airways
Filipinas Orient Airways
Filipinas Orient Airways Inc. was founded by originally Lebanese refugee family Karam in the Philippines in 1964. Under Republic Act No. 4147 . FOA was granted the franchise to provide air transport service in the Philippines and between the Philippines and other countries on June 20, 1964...

 http://www.abpic.co.uk/photo/1048631/, Aerocesar, Airborne Express
Airborne Express
Airborne Express was an express delivery company and cargo airline. Headquartered in Seattle, Washington, its hub was at Wilmington, Ohio.Airborne was founded as the Airborne Flower Traffic Association of California in 1946 to fly flowers from the state of Hawaii to US Mainland.Airborne Express...

 and SA Nacionales.


Caravelle VII : This was a modified Series III which was purchased by General Electric
General Electric
General Electric Company , or GE, is an American multinational conglomerate corporation incorporated in Schenectady, New York and headquartered in Fairfield, Connecticut, United States...

 and equipped with GE CJ-805 engines. It would form the basis for later sales into the US. A TWA
Twa
The Twa are any of several hunting peoples of Africa who live interdependently with agricultural Bantu populations, and generally hold a socially subordinate position: They provide the farming population with game in exchange for agricultural products....

 order for 20 aircraft was cancelled in favor of the DC-9.

Caravelle 10A
Based on the Series VII, but intended for the US market. The 10A was 1 metre longer than the Series VI, with the windows located 200 mm (7.9 in) higher on the fuselage, and an APU installed in the rear. A modified wing with improved flaps was also included to meet FAA
Federal Aviation Administration
The Federal Aviation Administration is the national aviation authority of the United States. An agency of the United States Department of Transportation, it has authority to regulate and oversee all aspects of civil aviation in the U.S...

 requirements. However TWA later cancelled its order due to financial problems, and by the time they were ready to purchase new designs, the Douglas DC-9 was available. Only a single Caravelle 10A was ever built.


Caravelle 10B (Super Caravelle)
Based on the Series 10A, this variant offered many modifications in respect to other series. It introduced the Lex
Lex
-Written law :* Legislation* Statute* Statutory law* Act of Parliament* Act of Congress-Fictional characters:*Lex Luthor, a fictional supervillain in DC Comics*Lex in the TV series The Tribe .* Lex in game Fire Emblem...

 or "Leading Edge Extension" (a fillet
Fillet (mechanics)
In mechanical engineering, a fillet is a concave easing of an interior corner of a part design. A rounding of an exterior corner is called a "round" or a "chamfer".-Applications:...

 added to the front of an aircraft wing
Wing
A wing is an appendage with a surface that produces lift for flight or propulsion through the atmosphere, or through another gaseous or liquid fluid...

s in order to provide usable airflow
Aerodynamics
Aerodynamics is a branch of dynamics concerned with studying the motion of air, particularly when it interacts with a moving object. Aerodynamics is a subfield of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, with much theory shared between them. Aerodynamics is often used synonymously with gas dynamics, with...

 at high angles of attack
Angle of attack
Angle of attack is a term used in fluid dynamics to describe the angle between a reference line on a lifting body and the vector representing the relative motion between the lifting body and the fluid through which it is moving...

). The wing mounted split flaps
Flap (aircraft)
Flaps are normally hinged surfaces mounted on the trailing edges of the wings of a fixed-wing aircraft to reduce the speed an aircraft can be safely flown at and to increase the angle of descent for landing without increasing air speed. They shorten takeoff and landing distances as well as...

 and the fuselage was extended 1.4 metre, with an increase in passenger capacity to 105. The engines used were the new Pratt & Whitney JT8D turbofan
Turbofan
The turbofan is a type of airbreathing jet engine that is widely used for aircraft propulsion. A turbofan combines two types of engines, the turbo portion which is a conventional gas turbine engine, and the fan, a propeller-like ducted fan...

 engines with 6350 kgf (62,272.2 N) of unitary thrust. The 10B first flew on August 31, 1964 and was produced as a run of 22 aircraft.
Sales: Primary operator of the 10B was Finnair
Finnair
Finnair Plc is the flag carrier and largest airline of Finland, with its headquarters on the grounds of Helsinki Airport in Vantaa, Finland, and its main hub at Helsinki Airport. Finnair and its subsidiaries dominate both the domestic and international air travel markets in Finland. The largest...

 with 8 examples. Aviaco
Aviaco
Aviación y Comercio, S.A., was a Spanish airline incorporated on February 18, 1948. It was founded when the National Institute of Industry proposed that the national carrier of Spain, Iberia, could not meet the domestic demand. This had been caused by the heavy commitment of Iberia to the lucrative...

 ordered 5 but this was cancelled, with those aircraft going to Sterling Airways, LTU
LTU
LTU may mean:*IATA code for Latur Airport, India*Light The Underground, Light painting photographer http://www.lighttheunderground.com/*La Trobe University, a university in Australia*Lambda the Ultimate, a weblog devoted to programming languages...

, and Iberia Airlines
Iberia Airlines
Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España, S.A., commonly known as Iberia, is the flag carrier airline of Spain. Based in Madrid, it operates an international network of services from its main bases of Madrid-Barajas Airport and Barcelona El Prat Airport....

. Alia
Royal Jordanian
Royal Jordanian Airlines is the flag carrier of Jordan with its head office in Amman, Jordan, operating scheduled international services over four continents from its main base at Queen Alia International Airport at Amman Jordan. Royal Jordanian is a member of the Arab Air Carriers Organization...

 and UTA also acquired aircraft.


Caravelle 10R
A combination of the 10B's engines on the Series VI-R fuselage, creating a smaller but higher powered plane. Maximum weight at take-off was increased to 52000 kg (114,640.4 lb) (6000 kg or 13,227.7 lb more than the Series I and 2000 kg or 4,409.2 lb more than the Series VI-R). It first flew on January 8, 1965 and received the FAA certification on May 23 of that same year.
Sales: 20 were built, starting service with Alia
Royal Jordanian
Royal Jordanian Airlines is the flag carrier of Jordan with its head office in Amman, Jordan, operating scheduled international services over four continents from its main base at Queen Alia International Airport at Amman Jordan. Royal Jordanian is a member of the Arab Air Carriers Organization...

 on July 31, 1965. It also flew with Aero Lloyd
Aero Lloyd
Aero Lloyd Flugreisen GmbH & Co was a charter airline based in Oberursel, Germany.- History :Aero Lloyd was originally founded on December 5, 1980. It was originally headquartered in Frankfurt. The airline start operation with 3 McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 ex Garuda Indonesia.The airline ceased...

, CTA
CTA
CTA may refer to:*Brazilian General Command for Aerospace Technology, abbreviated CTA*California Teachers Association, a labor union*Call to Action...

, Hispania
Hispania
Another theory holds that the name derives from Ezpanna, the Basque word for "border" or "edge", thus meaning the farthest area or place. Isidore of Sevilla considered Hispania derived from Hispalis....

 and SAT, among others.


Caravelle 11R
The 11R had a fuselage length of 31.72 metre (70 cm or 27.6 in more than other variants) and incorporated a 3.32 by 1.84 m (10.9 by 6 ft) cargo door in the port side. This enabled it to carry a mixed load of passengers and cargo. First flight of the series 11R was on April 21, 1967.
sales: Only 6 planes were built and delivered to Air Afrique
Air Afrique
Air Afrique was a Pan-African airline, that was mainly owned by many West African countries for most of its history. It was established as the official transnational carrier for francophone West and Central Africa, because many of these countries did not have the capability to create and maintain a...

, Air Congo, and Transeuropa
Transeuropa
Transeuropa may refer to:* TransEuropa, a board game published by Rio Grande games* Transeuropa Ferries, ferries between Ostend, Belgium and Ramsgate, England...

 of Spain.


Caravelle 12 (Super Caravelle)
This was the last version of the Caravelle to appear, the most advanced of them all which first flew on March 12, 1971. The Series 12 was a 10B with a noticeably longer fuselage, stretched by 3.2 metres (10.5 ft), and a newer uprated version of the JT8D engines with 6577 kgf (64,498.3 N) of unitary thrust. This allowed for up to 140 passengers over a reduced range. The 12 was aimed primarily at the charter market, produced to 12 examples starting in 1972. By this point a worldwide famous Supersonic transport
Supersonic transport
A supersonic transport is a civilian supersonic aircraft designed to transport passengers at speeds greater than the speed of sound. The only SSTs to see regular service to date have been Concorde and the Tupolev Tu-144. The last passenger flight of the Tu-144 was in June 1978 with its last ever...

 was in production known as the Concorde
Concorde
Aérospatiale-BAC Concorde was a turbojet-powered supersonic passenger airliner, a supersonic transport . It was a product of an Anglo-French government treaty, combining the manufacturing efforts of Aérospatiale and the British Aircraft Corporation...

, whose design was first known in France as Sud Aviation Super-Caravelle
Sud Aviation Super-Caravelle
The Sud Aviation Super-Caravelle was an early design for a supersonic transport. Unlike most competing designs which envisioned larger trans-Atlantic aircraft and led to the likes of the Boeing 2707, the Super-Caravelle was a much smaller, shorter range design intended to replace their earlier and...

. The 12 was often referred to by this name.
Sales: Launch customer for the Series 12 was Sterling Airways with 7 delivered, while the remaining 5 went to Air Inter
Air Inter
Air Inter was a semi-public French domestic airline. Before its merger with Air France, the airline was headquartered in Paray-Vieille-Poste, Essonne. Earlier in its life, it was headquartered in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.Air Inter was incorporated on 12 November 1954...

. Series 12s flew in Europe until October 1996, and in Africa until recently.

Civil operators

  • Air Algérie
    Air Algérie
    Air Algérie SpA is the national flag carrier airline of Algeria, with its head office in the Immeuble El-Djazair in Algiers. With flights operating from Houari Boumedienne Airport, Air Algérie operates scheduled international services to 39 destinations in 28 countries in Europe, North America,...


  • Aerolíneas Argentinas
    Aerolíneas Argentinas
    Aerolíneas Argentinas , formally Aerolíneas Argentinas S.A., is Argentina's largest airline and serves as the country's flag carrier. Owned in its majority by the Argentine Government, the airline is headquartered in the Torre Bouchard, located in San Nicolás, Buenos Aires...

     (1962–1973)

  • Austrian Airlines
    Austrian Airlines
    Austrian Airlines is the flag carrier airline of Austria, headquartered in Office Park 2 on the grounds of Vienna International Airport in Schwechat, Wien-Umgebung and a subsidiary of Deutsche Lufthansa AG. Together with regional subsidiary Tyrolean Airways and charter arm Lauda Air, it operates...


  • Belgian International Air Services
  • SABENA
    Sabena
    SABENA was the national airline of Belgium from 1923 to 2001, with its base at Brussels National Airport. After its bankruptcy in 2001, the newly formed SN Brussels Airlines took over part of SABENA's assets in February 2002, which then became Brussels Airlines...

  • Sobelair
    Sobelair
    Sobelair was an airline from Belgium. It was headquartered in Brussels and operated mostly non-scheduled passenger and cargo flights out of Brussels Airport.-History:...


  • Cruzeiro do Sul
    Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul
    Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul, was the second oldest airline of Brazil, tracing its origins to 1927, when it was founded as Syndicato Condor, a subsidiary of Deutsche Luft Hansa. Syndicato Condor retained rights and interests of a former German trade company, Condor Syndikat, which previously...

  • Panair do Brasil
    Panair do Brasil
    Panair do Brasil is a defunct airline of Brazil. Between 1945 and 1965 it was considered to be the largest carrier not only in Brazil but in all of Latin America.-NYRBA do Brasil :...

  • VARIG
    Varig
    VARIG was the first airline founded in Brazil, in 1927. From 1965 until 1990 it was Brazil's leading and almost only international airline...


  • Air Burundi
    Air Burundi
    Air Burundi is the state owned national airline of Burundi. It maintains its headquarters in Bujumbura.-Overview:The airline operated scheduled regional passenger services to Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda. Its main base was Bujumbura International Airport. It ceased operations in the spring of 2007....


  • Air Cambodge

  • Air Centrafrique

 Chile
  • Lan Chile

  • Air Afrique
    Air Afrique
    Air Afrique was a Pan-African airline, that was mainly owned by many West African countries for most of its history. It was established as the official transnational carrier for francophone West and Central Africa, because many of these countries did not have the capability to create and maintain a...


  • Aerotal Colombia
  • Aerocesar Colombia

 Republic of the Congo
  • Air Congo

  • Alisardia
  • Aviaction
  • Sterling Airways

  • SAETA
    SAETA
    SAETA was a privately held airline of Ecuador, which began operations in the 1960s and during its heyday in the 1990s flew to numerous destinations in North and South America from its base in Guayaquil...

  • SAN Ecuador
    SAN Ecuador
    SAN Ecuador ' is a now defunct airline which was based in Guayaquil, Ecuador. It was the domestic branch of also defunct SAETA. Founded in 1964, it flew a fleet of DC-3, Vickers Viscount, Caravelle and later two Boeing 727-100 and one Boeing 727-200...


  • Egyptair
    EgyptAir
    EgyptAir is the flag carrier airline of Egypt and a member of Star Alliance. The airline is based at Cairo International Airport, its main hub, operating scheduled passenger and freight services to more than 75 destinations in the Middle East, Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas...

     (Leased from Sterling)

  • Finnair
    Finnair
    Finnair Plc is the flag carrier and largest airline of Finland, with its headquarters on the grounds of Helsinki Airport in Vantaa, Finland, and its main hub at Helsinki Airport. Finnair and its subsidiaries dominate both the domestic and international air travel markets in Finland. The largest...

  • Kar-Air

  • Aerotour
  • Air Charter International
    Air Charter International
    Air Charter was a French charter airline that operated from 1966 to 1998.-Company Details:Air Charter was a subsidiary of Air France and was established on 7 February 1966 under the name SAFA- Societé Aérienne Française d'Affrètements. Flight operations began on 25 July 1966 with two Sud Caravelle...

  • Air France
    Air France
    Air France , stylised as AIRFRANCE, is the French flag carrier headquartered in Tremblay-en-France, , and is one of the world's largest airlines. It is a subsidiary of the Air France-KLM Group and a founding member of the SkyTeam global airline alliance...

  • Air Inter
    Air Inter
    Air Inter was a semi-public French domestic airline. Before its merger with Air France, the airline was headquartered in Paray-Vieille-Poste, Essonne. Earlier in its life, it was headquartered in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.Air Inter was incorporated on 12 November 1954...

  • Catair
  • Corse Air
    Corsairfly
    Corsair S.A. trading as Corsairfly, is an airline based in Rungis, France. It is currently the second largest French airline after Air France and operates international scheduled and charter services to 62 European destinations, the French overseas territories, Africa and North America...

  • Euralair
    Euralair
    Euralair was a charter airline based in France. Euralair was founded in 1964 as an air-taxi and executive charter company. In 1966 it became charter airline and operated its first charter flights in 1968 when received the first Fokker F-27 on November, 11, 1968 and the second on October, 15,...

  • Europe Aero Service
  • Minerve
    Minerve (airline)
    Minerve was a French airline, headquartered in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, that operated from 1975 until it merged with AOM to form AOM French Airlines in 1992.-Company history:...

  • Trans-Union
  • Union des Transports Aeriens

  • Air Gabon
    Air Gabon
    Air Gabon was the national, state-owned airline of Gabon, operating out of Libreville International Airport to a variety of destinations across Western and Southern Africa, as well as to Europe and the Middle East....

  • Gabon Express
    Gabon Express
    Gabon Express was an airline based in Libreville, Gabon. It operated scheduled passenger services and passenger and cargo charters. It ceased operations in June 2004.-Code data:*ICAO Code: GBE*Callsign: GABEX-History:...


  • Aerolloyd (1980)
  • LTU
    LTU
    LTU may mean:*IATA code for Latur Airport, India*Light The Underground, Light painting photographer http://www.lighttheunderground.com/*La Trobe University, a university in Australia*Lambda the Ultimate, a weblog devoted to programming languages...

  • Lufthansa
    Lufthansa
    Deutsche Lufthansa AG is the flag carrier of Germany and the largest airline in Europe in terms of overall passengers carried. The name of the company is derived from Luft , and Hansa .The airline is the world's fourth-largest airline in terms of overall passengers carried, operating...

     (leased)
  • Panair
    Panair
    Panair was an airline based in Italy.- Fleet :Panair does not appear to be operating any jet aircraft . It did operate 1 Boeing 737-300 and 1 Boeing 737-400, but both aircraft are now stored.-External links:...

     (leased)
  • Special Air Transport

  • Indian Airlines
  • Pushpaka
    Pushpaka
    Pushpaka may refer to:* Pushpaka Vimana, an aircraft mentioned in the Hindu epic Ramayana*Pushpaka Brahmin, a semi-Brahmin caste in Kerala...


  • Aerolinee Itavia
    Aerolinee Itavia
    Aerolinee Itavia was one of the principal private Italian airlines in the 1960s until its collapse in the early 1980s, after the infamous Aerolinee Itavia Flight 870 crash, also known as the Ustica disaster.-Code data:*IATA Code: IH*ICAO Code:...

  • Alitalia
    Alitalia
    Alitalia - Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. , in its later stages known as Alitalia - Linee Aeree Italiane S.p.A. in Extraordinary Administration, was the former Italian flag carrier...

  • Altair
  • Società Aerea Mediterranea
    Società Aerea Mediterranea
    Società Aerea Mediterranea was an Italian cargo and passenger airline based in Rome, Italy, which operated between 1928 and 1939 as subsidiary of Ala Littoria and between 1959 and 1981 as subsidiary of Alitalia...


  • Alia
    Royal Jordanian
    Royal Jordanian Airlines is the flag carrier of Jordan with its head office in Amman, Jordan, operating scheduled international services over four continents from its main base at Queen Alia International Airport at Amman Jordan. Royal Jordanian is a member of the Arab Air Carriers Organization...


 Laos
  • Royal Air Lao

  • Air Liban
  • Middle East Airlines
    Middle East Airlines
    Middle East Airlines – Air Liban S.A.L. , more commonly known as Middle East Airlines , is the national flag-carrier airline of Lebanon, with its head office in Beirut, near Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport...


  • Kingdom of Libya Airlines

  • Luxair
    Luxair
    Luxair S.A., Société Luxembourgeoise de Navigation Aérienne, operating as Luxair, is the flag carrier airline of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. It operates scheduled services to 50 destinations in Europe, North Africa, the Mediterranean and Middle East, plus charter and seasonal summer services....


  • Air Mali
    Air Mali
    Air Mali, formerly Compagnie Aerienne du Mali , is an airline headquartered in Bamako, Mali, that was formed by the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development through its subsidiary IPS, West Africa and the government of Mali in April 2005. Its inaugural flight was made on 7 June 2005 from Bamako to...


  • Royal Air Maroc
    Royal Air Maroc
    Royal Air Maroc is the flag carrier airline of Morocco, headquartered on the grounds of Casablanca-Anfa Airport in Casablanca...


  • Air Martinique
    Air Martinique
    Air Martinique was an airline based in the island of Martinique in the Lesser Antilles. Its head office was on the grounds of Fort-de-France Airport in Le Lamentin.-Company history:...


  • Air Caledonie International
    Aircalin
    Société Aircalin, also known as Air Calédonie International, is the international airline of New Caledonia. It operates scheduled services to 10 regional destinations, including Japan. Its main base is La Tontouta International Airport...


  • Transavia

  • Filipinas Orient Airways
    Filipinas Orient Airways
    Filipinas Orient Airways Inc. was founded by originally Lebanese refugee family Karam in the Philippines in 1964. Under Republic Act No. 4147 . FOA was granted the franchise to provide air transport service in the Philippines and between the Philippines and other countries on June 20, 1964...

  • Sterling Philippines Airways
  • Transasian Airways

  • TAP Air Portugal

  • Aviaco
    Aviaco
    Aviación y Comercio, S.A., was a Spanish airline incorporated on February 18, 1948. It was founded when the National Institute of Industry proposed that the national carrier of Spain, Iberia, could not meet the domestic demand. This had been caused by the heavy commitment of Iberia to the lucrative...

  • Iberia Airlines
    Iberia Airlines
    Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España, S.A., commonly known as Iberia, is the flag carrier airline of Spain. Based in Madrid, it operates an international network of services from its main bases of Madrid-Barajas Airport and Barcelona El Prat Airport....

  • TAE
    TAE
    TAE may refer to:* TAE buffer,* TAE connector* Transportable Applications Environment* The initials of Thomas Alva Edison* IATA Code for Daegu International Airport Daegu, South Korea...

  • Transeuropa
    Transeuropa
    Transeuropa may refer to:* TransEuropa, a board game published by Rio Grande games* Transeuropa Ferries, ferries between Ostend, Belgium and Ramsgate, England...


, &
  • Scandinavian Airlines System
    Scandinavian Airlines System
    Scandinavian Airlines or SAS, previously Scandinavian Airlines System, is the flag carrier of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and the largest airline in Scandinavia....


  • Balair
    Balair
    Balair was a Swiss airline that became BalairCTA when it merged with CTA/Compagnie de Transport Aerien in 1993. Balair had its headquarters in Basel.-Company history:...

  • CTA
  • SATA
    SA de Transport Aérien
    SA de Transport Aérien or SA de Transport Aerien Genève, was a Swiss airline founded in 1966 with its base in Geneva. It finished its activities in 1978...

  • Swissair
    Swissair
    Swissair AG was the former national airline of Switzerland.It was formed from a merger between Balair and Ad Astra Aero , in 1931...

  • Air City

  • Syrian Arab Airlines
    Syrian Arab Airlines
    Syrian Arab Airlines , operating as Syrian Air , is the flag carrier airline of Syria. It operates scheduled international services to over 40 destinations in Asia, Europe and North Africa, as well as domestic services. Its main base is Damascus International Airport. Syrian Air has a fleet of...


 Republic of China
  • China Airlines
    China Airlines
    China Airlines is both the flag carrier and the largest airline of Republic of China . Although not directly state-owned, the airline is owned by China Airlines Group, which is owned by the China Aviation Development Foundation...

  • Far Eastern Air Transport
    Far Eastern Air Transport
    Far Eastern Air Transport is an airline based in Taipei, Taiwan. Established in 1957, it operated domestic services from Taipei and Kaohsiung to five regional cities and international services to Southeast Asia, South Korea and Palau. Its main base was Taipei Songshan Airport...


  • Thai Airways International
    Thai Airways International
    Thai Airways International Public Company Limited is the national flag carrier and largest airline of Thailand. Formed in 1988, the airline's headquarters are located in Chatuchak District, Bangkok, and operates out of Suvarnabhumi Airport. Thai is a founding member of the Star Alliance. Thai is a...


  • Tunisair
    Tunisair
    Société Tunisienne de l'Air, or Tunisair is the flag carrier airline of Tunisia. Formed in 1948, it operates scheduled international services to European, African and Middle Eastern destinations. Its main base is Tunis-Carthage International Airport...


  • Airborne Express
    Airborne Express
    Airborne Express was an express delivery company and cargo airline. Headquartered in Seattle, Washington, its hub was at Wilmington, Ohio.Airborne was founded as the Airborne Flower Traffic Association of California in 1946 to fly flowers from the state of Hawaii to US Mainland.Airborne Express...

  • Midwest Air Charter
  • United Airlines
    United Airlines
    United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees United Air Lines, Inc., is the world's largest airline with 86,852 employees (which includes the entire holding company United Continental...


  • Avensa
    Avensa
    Avensa was a Venezuelan airline headquartered in Caracas. It is in the process of financial restructuring, after it went into bankruptcy due to poor management in 2002...

  • VIASA
    Viasa
    Venezolana Internacional de Aviación Sociedad Anónima , or VIASA for short, was the Venezuelan national airline between 1960 and 1997. It was headquartered in the Torre Viasa in Caracas. Launched in 1960, it was nationalised in 1975 due to financial problems, and re-privatised in 1991, with the...

     (leased)

  • Air Vietnam
    Air Vietnam
    Active from 1951 to 1975, Air Viet Nam was South Vietnam's first commercial air carrier, headquartered in District 1, Saigon. Established under Emperor Bảo Đại, the Chief of State of South Vietnam, the airline flew over one million passengers, including during the Vietnam War, before its collapse...


  • Inex Adria Avopromet
    Adria Airways
    Adria Airways d.d. is the Slovenian national airline. Today, the majority of Adria Airways business is in scheduled flights. Adria operates to 16 cities throughout Europe this winter and offers excellent connections to South East Europe. It is a Star Alliance member since 2004 and a Lufthansa...

  • Yugoslav Airlines

  • Affro Cargo
  • Air Zaire
    Air Zaïre
    Air Zaïre was the national airline of the African nation of Zaire. Its head office was located on the grounds of N'djili Airport in Kinshasa.-Air Congo:...


Military and government operators

  • Algerian Air Force
    Algerian Air Force
    The Algerian Air Force is the aerial arm of the Algerian People's Military.- Inventory :- External links : http://www.algaf.bravehost.com/index.htm http://www.avions-militaires.net/dossiers/armee-air/dza.php...


  • Argentine Air Force
    Argentine Air Force
    The Argentine Air Force is the national aviation branch of the Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic. , it had 14,606 military and 6,854 civilian staff.-History:...

     (1973–1975)

  • Central African Empire/Republic Government (1970–1979)

  • Chad Government

  • French Air Force
    French Air Force
    The French Air Force , literally Army of the Air) is the air force of the French Armed Forces. It was formed in 1909 as the Service Aéronautique, a service arm of the French Army, then was made an independent military arm in 1933...


  • Gabon Government (1976–1978)

  • Mauritanian Government


  • Rwanda Government

  • Sengal Government

  • Royal Swedish Air Force

  • Yugoslav Air Force
    Yugoslav Air Force
    The Yugoslav Air Force may refer to:Kingdom of Yugoslavia*Yugoslav Royal Air Force, active from 1918 to 1941.Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia*SFR Yugoslav Air Force, active from 1945 to 1991....


Incidents

  • 19 January 1960 - SAS
    Scandinavian Airlines System
    Scandinavian Airlines or SAS, previously Scandinavian Airlines System, is the flag carrier of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and the largest airline in Scandinavia....

    , SE-210 Caravelle, OY-KRB, crashed at Esenboga Airport, Turkey. Seven crew members and 35 passengers lost their lives.
  • 1963: Swissair Flight 306
    Swissair Flight 306
    Swissair Flight SR306, a Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle III, Schaffhausen, was a scheduled international flight from Zürich to Rome, via Geneva...

    , crashed shortly after take-off from Zürich, killing all 80 people on board.
  • 4 November 1967 - Iberia Airlines
    Iberia Airlines
    Iberia Líneas Aéreas de España, S.A., commonly known as Iberia, is the flag carrier airline of Spain. Based in Madrid, it operates an international network of services from its main bases of Madrid-Barajas Airport and Barcelona El Prat Airport....

     Flight 062
    Iberia Airlines Flight 062
    Iberia Airlines Flight 062 was a twin-engined Sud Aviation Caravelle registered EC-BDD operating a scheduled flight from Malaga Airport, Spain, to London Heathrow Airport...

     crashed at Black Down Hill Sussex
    Blackdown, Sussex
    Blackdown, or Black Down, is the highest hill in the historic county of Sussex, at 280 metres , and is second only to Leith Hill in southeastern England....

    , United Kingdom killing all 37 passengers and crew.
  • 1968: Air France Flight 1611
    Air France Flight 1611
    Air France Flight 1611 was a Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle III en route from the island of Corsica to Nice, France on September 11, 1968 when it crashed into the Mediterranean Sea off Nice, killing all 95 on board...

  • 26 July 1969 - Air Algérie
    Air Algérie
    Air Algérie SpA is the national flag carrier airline of Algeria, with its head office in the Immeuble El-Djazair in Algiers. With flights operating from Houari Boumedienne Airport, Air Algérie operates scheduled international services to 39 destinations in 28 countries in Europe, North America,...

    , 7T-VAK crashed at Biskra
    Biskra
    Biskra is the capital city of Biskra province, Algeria. In 2007, its population was recorded as 207,987.During Roman times the town was called Vescera, though this may have been simply a Latin transliteration of the native name. Around 200 AD under Septimius Severus' reign, it was seized by the...

    , Algeria
    Algeria
    Algeria , officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria , also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwest Africa with Algiers as its capital.In terms of land area, it is the largest country in Africa and the Arab...

     killing 33 passengers and crew out of 35. The aircraft crashed onto the runway while attempting an emergency landing due to an in-flight fire.
  • 20 November 1971 - China Airlines
    China Airlines
    China Airlines is both the flag carrier and the largest airline of Republic of China . Although not directly state-owned, the airline is owned by China Airlines Group, which is owned by the China Aviation Development Foundation...

    , B-1852 crashed near Penghu, Taiwan
    Taiwan
    Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...

     killing all 25 passengers and crew. Possible bomb attack but the real cause is still unknown.
  • 14 March 1972 - Sterling Airways Flight 296
    Sterling Airways Flight 296
    On 14 March 1972 Sterling Airways Flight 296 crashed near Kalba in the United Arab Emirates on a flight from Colombo to Copenhagen in Denmark with a stop over in Dubai. The Sud Aviation Caravelle was registration OY-STL. 112 passengers and crew died in the crash which was attributed to pilot error...

     crashed in the United Arab Emirates killing all 112 passengers and crew.
  • 1 June 1973 - a Cruzeiro do Sul
    Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul
    Serviços Aéreos Cruzeiro do Sul, was the second oldest airline of Brazil, tracing its origins to 1927, when it was founded as Syndicato Condor, a subsidiary of Deutsche Luft Hansa. Syndicato Condor retained rights and interests of a former German trade company, Condor Syndikat, which previously...

     Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle VIN registration PP-PDX flying from Belém-Val de Cães
    Val de Cães International Airport
    Belém-Val de Cães/Júlio Cezar Ribeiro International Airport is the main airport serving Belém, Brazil. Val de Cães, the name of the neighborhood where the airport is located, is the most common spelling although Val de Cans is also considered correct...

     to São Luís
    Marechal Cunha Machado International Airport
    Marechal Cunha Machado International Airport , formerly called Tirirical Airport, is the airport serving São Luís, Brazil. Since October 17, 1985 the airport is named after Marechal Cunha Machado.It is operated by Infraero.-History:...

     crashed on approach to São Luís. Engine no.1 lost power and the aircraft attained an extreme nose-up attitude. It stalled and crashed 760m to the right of the runway. All 23 passengers and crew died.
  • 13 August 1973 - Aviaco Flight 118
    Aviaco Flight 118
    Aviaco Flight 118 was a Sud Aviation SE 210 Caravelle operated by Aviaco airlines that crashed in the village of Montrove, Spain on 13 August 1973, while attempting to land at Alvedro Airport in heavy fog. The aircraft crashed into an abandoned farmhouse approximately from the airport. All 85...

    , crashed near A Coruña
    A Coruña
    A Coruña or La Coruña is a city and municipality of Galicia, Spain. It is the second-largest city in the autonomous community and seventeenth overall in the country...

    , Spain killing all 85 passengers and crew, while attempting to land at Alvedro Airport (now A Coruña Airport) in heavy fog.
  • 12 October 1976: Indian Airlines, Mumbai, India: The right engine caught fire shortly after takeoff and the crew elected to return. Fuel flow to the engine was not stopped and the fire spread through the fuselage and led to hydraulic system failure and a loss of aircraft control shortly before landing. All six crew members and 89 passengers were killed.
  • 18 December 1977 – SA de Transport Aérien
    SA de Transport Aérien
    SA de Transport Aérien or SA de Transport Aerien Genève, was a Swiss airline founded in 1966 with its base in Geneva. It finished its activities in 1978...

     Flight 730
    SA de Transport Aérien Flight 730
    SA de Transport Aérien Flight 730, tail number HB-ICK, was a Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle 10R aircraft that crashed on approach to Funchal Airport, Madeira on December 18, 1977.The flight crew consisted of two captains...

     crashed into the sea while on final approach to Madeira Airport
    Madeira Airport
    -Incidents and accidents:*On 5 March 1973, an Aviaco Sud Caravelle 10R crashed into the sea during approach, losing the aircraft and three crew....

    , killing 36 people.
  • 18 January 1986 - An Aerovias
    Aerovias
    Aerovías is a defunct private passenger and cargo airline formerly based in Guatemala La Aurora International Airport. It was the first private airline in Guatemala. It ceased operations in the mid nineties...

     Caravelle temporarily leased from Ecuador's SAETA, reg. HC-BAE, crashed in the jungle after two missed approaches, killing all 87 occupants. The flight originated in Guatemala City and was to land at Mundo Maya International Airport in the northern department of Petén.

Aircraft on display

  • Africa
    • Two Caravelles are stored at the Royal Air Maroc
      Royal Air Maroc
      Royal Air Maroc is the flag carrier airline of Morocco, headquartered on the grounds of Casablanca-Anfa Airport in Casablanca...

       training facilities at Mohammed V International Airport
      Mohammed V International Airport
      Mohammed V International Airport is an airport operated by ONDA . Located in Province of Nouaceur, a suburb 30 km south-east of Casablanca, it is the busiest airport in Morocco with almost 7.25 million passengers passing through the airport in 2010...

       in Casablanca. Registrations are CN-CCZ http://www.planepictures.net/netshow.php?id=444327 which seems in a slightly better condition, and CN-CCX http://www.planepictures.net/netshow.php?id=444324. Both have been used for training purposes. One of them, CN-CCZ, briefly appears in the 2008 German movie "Mogadischu".

  • Europe
    • SE-DAA Caravelle III (msn. 4) Originally delivered to Scandinavian Airlines
      SAS
      - Special forces :* Special Air Service, a special forces unit of the British Army* Australian Special Air Service Regiment * New Zealand Special Air Service * Rhodesian Special Air Service...

       as "Eskil Viking." Stored without nose at Stockholm Arlanda Airport, Sweden and used for fire training. The nose section is in poor condition at the Finnish Aviation Museum
      Finnish Aviation Museum
      The Finnish Aviation Museum is a museum specialising in aircraft, located in Vantaa, Finland.-History:The museum was founded on 4 December 1969 by Ilmailumuseoyhdistys ry. The museum was placed next to the Helsinki-Vantaa Airport but received its own facilities in 1980...

      , Helsinki
      Helsinki
      Helsinki is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the region of Uusimaa, located in southern Finland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, an arm of the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is , making it by far the most populous municipality in Finland. Helsinki is...

      .
    • One Caravelle, SE-DAI, is located at the Stockholm Arlanda Airport. The aircraft engines are run regularly to keep all systems working until funds covering a "Grand Visit" (=C-check) can be found. The aircraft is maintained by "Le Caravelle Club" http://www.lecaravelleclub.com. Ex-Swedish Air Force Tp85 tail number 852. The cabin is restored to civil standard with SAS 1970 seats in a spacious 2+2 configuration.
    • SE-DAF Caravelle III (msn. 112) Originally delivered to Scandinavian Airlines
      SAS
      - Special forces :* Special Air Service, a special forces unit of the British Army* Australian Special Air Service Regiment * New Zealand Special Air Service * Rhodesian Special Air Service...

       as "Sven Viking." Stored at Stockholm Arlanda Airport, Sweden.
    • One Caravelle is outside the Museum of Aviation (Belgrade), Serbia
      Serbia
      Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...

      , near the Nikola Tesla International Airport. The aircraft was from JAT Yugoslav Airlines
      Jat Airways
      Jat Airways is the national airline of Serbia and the former national airline of Yugoslavia, and has its head office in the Jat Airways Business Center in Belgrade. It was established in 1927 as Aeroput, making it currently one of the world's oldest airlines still in operation...

       from some 3-4 decades ago. mage:Caravelle yu.JPG|thumb|right|Caravelle in front of Museum of Aviation (Belgrade)
    • A Caravelle is on display at Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace
      Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace
      The French Air and Space Museum is a French museum, located in the south-eastern edge of Le Bourget Airport, north of Paris, and in the commune of Le Bourget. It was created in 1919 from a proposition of Albert Caquot .-Description:Occupying over of land and hangars, it is one of the oldest...

       (Paris Museum of Air and Space in Le Bourget).
    • A 1959 Caravelle III, "Finn Viking", SAS reg number LN-KLH is preserved at the Museum of Technology, Oslo, Norway http://museumsnett.no/ntm/no/utstillingene/fly/nluft.htm.
    • A 1960 Caravelle III, "Ulf Viking", SAS, reg number OY-KRD is preserved at the Danish National Museum of Science and Technology, Helsingør, Denmark.
    • A Sabena
      Sabena
      SABENA was the national airline of Belgium from 1923 to 2001, with its base at Brussels National Airport. After its bankruptcy in 2001, the newly formed SN Brussels Airlines took over part of SABENA's assets in February 2002, which then became Brussels Airlines...

       Caravelle is located at the Brussels Museum for Aviation.
    • One Caravelle is located along the eastern perimeter of Nice airport (43.6732°N 7.2271°W). Close by is the monument to the September 1968 accident when a Caravelle crashed with the loss of all on board.
    • One Caravelle in good condition is located in Makedonia Airport, Thessaloniki Greece.
    • Another preserved ex-Air France aircraft sits besides the tower at Avignon Airport in southern France.
    • F-ZACE Caravelle III (msn. 116) Originally delivered to Finnair
      Finnair
      Finnair Plc is the flag carrier and largest airline of Finland, with its headquarters on the grounds of Helsinki Airport in Vantaa, Finland, and its main hub at Helsinki Airport. Finnair and its subsidiaries dominate both the domestic and international air travel markets in Finland. The largest...

       as OH-LED and flown by the French Air Force as 116/CE. On display at Musée Européen de l'Aviation de Chasse, Montélimar
      Montélimar
      Montélimar is a commune in the Drôme department in southeastern France. It is the second-largest town in the department after Valence.-History:...

      , France.
    • F-BYCY Caravelle 12 (msn. 233) Originally delivered to JAT Airways
      Jat Airways
      Jat Airways is the national airline of Serbia and the former national airline of Yugoslavia, and has its head office in the Jat Airways Business Center in Belgrade. It was established in 1927 as Aeroput, making it currently one of the world's oldest airlines still in operation...

       as YU-AHG and flown by the Aerotur and Corse Air. Preserved at Moyenpal, France as a karaoke bar "Espace Caravelle."
    • F-GCVM Caravelle 12 (msn. 270) Originally delivered to Sterling Airways as OY-SAA and flown by the Air Inter
      Air Inter
      Air Inter was a semi-public French domestic airline. Before its merger with Air France, the airline was headquartered in Paray-Vieille-Poste, Essonne. Earlier in its life, it was headquartered in the 1st arrondissement of Paris.Air Inter was incorporated on 12 November 1954...

       and Air Provence. Stored in poor condition at Marseilles-Provence Airport, Marignane
      Marignane
      Marignane is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southern France.-Geography:It is a component of the metropolitan Marseille Provence Métropole, and the largest suburb of the city of Marseille...

      , France.
    • Istanbul Aviation Museum gives shelter for an ex-Istanbul Airlines Caravelle.
    • A Caravelle aircraft used for microgravity flights is parked at Bordeaux-Merignac airport.
    • A Caravelle is parked at Satolas, near Lyons' St. Exupery International (LYS) airport. 45.7284°N 5.0804°W
    • Swedish Air Force Museum in Linköping cares for one Caravelle III (serial number 172). Ex-Swedish Air Force Tp85 tail number 851. Ex-SAS reg. SE-DAG. Its current location is on the "Malmen" air base outside of Linköping, Sweden. It is being stored outdoors and the long-term plan is to restore it for display in the configuration in which it was used by the air force (signal reconnaissance).
    • F-BVPZ, c/n 218, a Caravelle VI N is displayed at the Musée Delta in Athis-Mons
      Athis-Mons
      Athis-Mons is a commune in the southern suburbs of Paris, France. It is located from the center of Paris.Inhabitants are called Athégiens.A small part of Orly International Airport lies on the territory of the commune of Athis-Mons.-History:...

      , near Paris-Orly Airport.

  • North America
    • N902MW c/n 88, a former United Airlines Caravelle, in Airborne Express livery, was parked at the New England Air Museum
      New England Air Museum
      The New England Air Museum is located at Bradley International Airport, Windsor Locks, Connecticut, USA. The museum is housed in three large display buildings consisting of more than of exhibit space...

      , Windsor Locks, Connecticut, USA. (Scrapped August 19, 2010)
    • A second former Airborne Express Caravelle (N901MW) is located at Port Columbus Airport (CMH)
      Port Columbus International Airport
      Port Columbus International Airport , commonly shortened to Port Columbus, is a Class C international airport located east of downtown Columbus, Ohio, USA. It is managed by the Columbus Regional Airport Authority, which also oversees operations at Rickenbacker International Airport and Bolton Field...

       in Columbus, Ohio, USA
      Columbus, Ohio
      Columbus is the capital of and the largest city in the U.S. state of Ohio. The broader metropolitan area encompasses several counties and is the third largest in Ohio behind those of Cleveland and Cincinnati. Columbus is the third largest city in the American Midwest, and the fifteenth largest city...

      . After the closure of the Ohio History of Flight Museum, to which it belonged, it was donated to Port Columbus Airport Authority and is currently used by fire teams for training.
    • N1001U, c/n 86, the first production Caravelle VI-R, is preserved at the Pima Air & Space Museum
      Pima Air & Space Museum
      The Pima Air & Space Museum features a display of nearly 300 aircraft spread out over 80 acres on a campus occupying 127 acres . Located in Tucson, Arizona, it is one of the world's largest, non-government funded aerospace museums...

       in Tucson, Arizona
      Tucson, Arizona
      Tucson is a city in and the county seat of Pima County, Arizona, United States. The city is located 118 miles southeast of Phoenix and 60 miles north of the U.S.-Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 1,020,200...

      .

Specifications (Caravelle III)

See also

External links

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