Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria
Encyclopedia
Duke Stephen III of Bavaria
(German
, in full: Stephan III der Kneißl, Herzog von Bayern; 1337 – 26 September 1413, Niederschönfeld) was a Duke of Bavaria since 1375. He was the eldest son of Stephen II
and Elizabeth of Sicily
.
and Eleanor of Anjou
. Her parents were Charles II of Naples
and Maria Arpad of Hungary
.
Maria was a daughter of Stephen V of Hungary
and his wife, queen Elisabeth, who was daughter of Zayhan of Kuni, a chief of the Cuman tribe and had been a pagan
before her marriage.
Stephen V was a son of Béla IV of Hungary
and Maria Laskarina. Maria Laskarina was a daughter of Theodore I Lascaris and Anna Angelina
. Anna was daughter of Eastern Roman Emperor Alexius III and Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamaterina.
and John II
in Bavaria-Landshut
. In 1392 Bavaria-Landshut was reduced since Bavaria-Ingolstadt
and Bavaria-Munich
were created. John had initiated a new partition of Bavaria since he refused to finance the Italian adventures of his brothers and Stephen's expensive holding of court. Stephen III received Bavaria-Ingolstadt
after the division of Bavaria, he soon considered this agreement as a disadvantage. In 1395-1397 he then jointly held also Bavaria-Munich together with John II after an armed conflict between both brothers.
After the death of both of his brothers Stephen tried to extent his duchy. This caused a long conflict with his nephews. In opposite to them Stephen also supported King Rupert
against the Luxemburg
party.
He was forced by his nephew Ernest
to confine his reign to Bavaria-Ingolstadt
in 1402 and therefore supported the uprisings of the citizenry of Munich in 1403 which failed. His attempt in 1410 to reconquer Tyrol
which his father once had released to Habsburg
was not successful.
, daughter of Bernabò Visconti
and Beatrice della Scala. Second, he was married in Cologne
on 16 January 1401 to Elisabeth of Cleves
, daughter of Count Adolf III of Cleves. He had, from his first marriage, a son, Louis VII the Bearded
, who succeeded him in Bavaria-Ingolstadt, and a daughter, who became the French queen, Isabeau of Bavaria
.
[aged 76]
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
(German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
, in full: Stephan III der Kneißl, Herzog von Bayern; 1337 – 26 September 1413, Niederschönfeld) was a Duke of Bavaria since 1375. He was the eldest son of Stephen II
Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria
Duke Stephen II of Bavaria , after 1347 Duke of Bavaria. He was the second son of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian by his first wife Beatrix of Świdnica and a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty.-Biography:During the reign of Emperor Louis IV his son Stephen served as vogt of Swabia and Alsace...
and Elizabeth of Sicily
Elisabeth of Sicily (1310–1349)
Elisabeth of Sicily was a daughter of Frederick III of Sicily and Eleanor of Anjou. Her siblings included: Peter II of Sicily and Manfred of Athens. She is also known as Isabel of Aragon....
.
Family
His maternal grandparents were Frederick III of SicilyFrederick III of Sicily
Frederick II was the regent and subsequently King of Sicily from 1295 until his death. He was the third son of Peter III of Aragon and served in the War of the Sicilian Vespers on behalf of his father and brothers, Alfonso and James...
and Eleanor of Anjou
Eleanor of Anjou
Eleanor of Naples was the Queen consort of Frederick III of Sicily. She was a member of the Capetian House of Anjou by birth.-Family:She was the third daughter of Charles II of Naples and Mary of Hungary....
. Her parents were Charles II of Naples
Charles II of Naples
Charles II, known as "the Lame" was King of Naples, King of Albania, Prince of Salerno, Prince of Achaea and Count of Anjou.-Biography:...
and Maria Arpad of Hungary
Maria Arpad of Hungary
Mary of Hungary , of the Árpád dynasty, was Queen consort of the Kingdom of Naples. She was a daughter of Stephen V of Hungary and his wife Elizabeth the Cuman.-Family:Mary's mother followed the Shamanist religion, like other Cumans...
.
Maria was a daughter of Stephen V of Hungary
Stephen V of Hungary
Stephen V , was King of Hungary from 1270 to 1272.-Early years:...
and his wife, queen Elisabeth, who was daughter of Zayhan of Kuni, a chief of the Cuman tribe and had been a pagan
Paganism
Paganism is a blanket term, typically used to refer to non-Abrahamic, indigenous polytheistic religious traditions....
before her marriage.
Stephen V was a son of Béla IV of Hungary
Béla IV of Hungary
Béla IV , King of Hungary and of Croatia , duke of Styria 1254–58. One of the most famous kings of Hungary, he distinguished himself through his policy of strengthening of the royal power following the example of his grandfather Bela III, and by the rebuilding Hungary after the catastrophe of the...
and Maria Laskarina. Maria Laskarina was a daughter of Theodore I Lascaris and Anna Angelina
Anna Angelina
Anna Komnene Angelina or Comnena Angelina was a daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Alexios III Angelos and of Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamatera....
. Anna was daughter of Eastern Roman Emperor Alexius III and Euphrosyne Doukaina Kamaterina.
Reign
From 1375 to 1392 he ruled with his brothers FrederickFrederick, Duke of Bavaria
Frederick was Duke of Bavaria from 1375. He was the second son of Stephen II and Elizabeth of Sicily.-Family:His maternal grandparents were Frederick III of Sicily and Eleanor of Anjou...
and John II
John II, Duke of Bavaria
Duke John II of Bavaria-Munich , , since 1375 Duke of Bavaria-Munich. He was the third son of Stephen II and Elizabeth of Sicily.-Family:...
in Bavaria-Landshut
Bavaria-Landshut
-History:The creation of the duchy was the result of the death of Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian. In the Treaty of Landsberg 1349, which divided up Louis's empire, his sons Stephen, William, and Albert were to receive jointly Lower Bavaria and the Netherlands. Four years later the inheritance was...
. In 1392 Bavaria-Landshut was reduced since Bavaria-Ingolstadt
Bavaria-Ingolstadt
Bavaria-Ingolstadt was a duchy which was part of the Holy Roman Empire from 1392 to 1447.-History:After the death of Stephen II in 1375, his sons Stephen III, Frederick, and John II jointly ruled Bavaria-Landshut. After seventeen years, the brothers decided to formally divide their inheritance...
and Bavaria-Munich
Bavaria-Munich
-History:After the death of Stephen II in 1375, his sons Stephen III, Frederick, and John II jointly ruled Bavaria-Landshut. After seventeen years, the brothers decided to formally divide their inheritance. John received Bavaria-Munich, Stephen received Bavaria-Ingolstadt, while Frederick kept...
were created. John had initiated a new partition of Bavaria since he refused to finance the Italian adventures of his brothers and Stephen's expensive holding of court. Stephen III received Bavaria-Ingolstadt
Ingolstadt
Ingolstadt is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, in the Federal Republic of Germany. It is located along the banks of the Danube River, in the center of Bavaria. As at 31 March 2011, Ingolstadt had 125.407 residents...
after the division of Bavaria, he soon considered this agreement as a disadvantage. In 1395-1397 he then jointly held also Bavaria-Munich together with John II after an armed conflict between both brothers.
After the death of both of his brothers Stephen tried to extent his duchy. This caused a long conflict with his nephews. In opposite to them Stephen also supported King Rupert
Rupert of Germany
Rupert of Germany from the House of Wittelsbach was Elector Palatine from 1398 and German King from 1400 until his death...
against the Luxemburg
House of Luxembourg
The House of Luxembourg was a late medieval German dynasty, which between 1308 and 1437 ruled the Holy Roman Empire, twice interrupted by the rivaling House of Wittelsbach.-History:...
party.
He was forced by his nephew Ernest
Ernest, Duke of Bavaria
Ernest of Bavaria-Munich , , from 1397 Duke of Bavaria-Munich.-Biography:Ernest was a son of John II and ruled the duchy of Bavaria-Munich together with his brother William III....
to confine his reign to Bavaria-Ingolstadt
Ingolstadt
Ingolstadt is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, in the Federal Republic of Germany. It is located along the banks of the Danube River, in the center of Bavaria. As at 31 March 2011, Ingolstadt had 125.407 residents...
in 1402 and therefore supported the uprisings of the citizenry of Munich in 1403 which failed. His attempt in 1410 to reconquer Tyrol
County of Tyrol
The County of Tyrol, Princely County from 1504, was a State of the Holy Roman Empire, from 1814 a province of the Austrian Empire and from 1867 a Cisleithanian crown land of Austria-Hungary...
which his father once had released to Habsburg
Habsburg
The House of Habsburg , also found as Hapsburg, and also known as House of Austria is one of the most important royal houses of Europe and is best known for being an origin of all of the formally elected Holy Roman Emperors between 1438 and 1740, as well as rulers of the Austrian Empire and...
was not successful.
Family and children
He was married twice. First, he was married on 13 October 1364 to Taddea ViscontiTaddea Visconti
Taddea Visconti, Duchess of Bavaria was an Italian noblewoman of the Visconti family who ruled Milan from 1277 to 1447...
, daughter of Bernabò Visconti
Bernabo Visconti
Bernabò Visconti was an Italian soldier and statesman, who was Lord of Milan.-Life:He was born in Milan, the son of Stefano Visconti and Valentina Doria. From 1346 to 1349 he lived in exile, until he was called back by his uncle Giovanni Visconti...
and Beatrice della Scala. Second, he was married in Cologne
Cologne
Cologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the...
on 16 January 1401 to Elisabeth of Cleves
Elisabeth of Cleves
Myntha Elisabeth of Cleves was the daughter of the Duke of Cleves - Adolf III of the Marck and Margaret of Jülich. She married Reginald of Falkenburg in 1393, who died in 1396. In 1401, she started a new marriage with the Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria but had no children.-See also:*Duchy of...
, daughter of Count Adolf III of Cleves. He had, from his first marriage, a son, Louis VII the Bearded
Louis VII, Duke of Bavaria
Duke Louis VII of Bavaria was Duke of Bavaria-Ingolstadt from 1413 until 1443. He was a son of Stephen III and Taddea Visconti.-Biography:...
, who succeeded him in Bavaria-Ingolstadt, and a daughter, who became the French queen, Isabeau of Bavaria
Isabeau of Bavaria
Isabeau of Bavaria was Queen consort of France as spouse of King Charles VI of France, a member of the Valois Dynasty...
.
[aged 76]