Sparidae
Encyclopedia
The Sparidae is a family of fish
, included in the order Perciformes
. The fish of the family are commonly called sea breams and porgies (North America). The sheepshead
, scup
, and red sea bream
are species in this family. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters and are bottom-dwelling carnivores. Most species possess grinding, molar
-like teeth. Some of the species, such as Polysteganus undulosus, have been subject to overfishing, or exploitation beyond sustainable recovery.
.
and the common dentex
.
Fish
Fish are a paraphyletic group of organisms that consist of all gill-bearing aquatic vertebrate animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish, as well as various extinct related groups...
, included in the order Perciformes
Perciformes
The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, is one of the largest orders of vertebrates, containing about 40% of all bony fish. Perciformes means perch-like. They belong to the class of ray-finned fish and comprise over 7,000 species found in almost all aquatic environments...
. The fish of the family are commonly called sea breams and porgies (North America). The sheepshead
Sheepshead (fish)
The sheepshead, Archosargus probatocephalus, is a marine fish that grows to 30 in , but commonly reaches 10 to 20 in. It is deep and compressed in body shape, with 5 to 6 dark bars on the side of the body over a gray background. It has sharp dorsal spines. Its diet consists of oysters, clams, and...
, scup
Scup
The scup, Stenotomus chrysops, is a fish which occurs primarily in the Atlantic from Massachusetts to South Carolina. Along with many other fish of the family Sparidae, it is also commonly known as porgy....
, and red sea bream
Red sea bream
Red sea bream is a name given to at least two species of fish of the family Sparidae, Pagrus major and Pagellus bogaraveo. Pagellus bogaraveo is also known as blackspot sea bream....
are species in this family. They are found in shallow temperate and tropical waters and are bottom-dwelling carnivores. Most species possess grinding, molar
Molar (tooth)
Molars are the rearmost and most complicated kind of tooth in most mammals. In many mammals they grind food; hence the Latin name mola, "millstone"....
-like teeth. Some of the species, such as Polysteganus undulosus, have been subject to overfishing, or exploitation beyond sustainable recovery.
Species
The family Sparidae contains 125 species in 37 genera and is classified here according to FishbaseFishBase
FishBase is a comprehensive database of information about fish species . It is the largest and most extensively accessed online database on adult finfish on the web...
.
- Genus Acanthopagrus
- Acanthopagrus akazakii Iwatsuki, Kimura & Yoshino, 2006
- Acanthopagrus australis, Surf bream (Gunther, 1859)
- Acanthopagrus berda, Picnic seabream (ForsskålPeter ForsskålPeter Forsskål, sometimes spelled Pehr Forsskål, Peter Forskaol, Petrus Forskål or Pehr Forsskåhl, was a Swedish explorer, orientalist, naturalist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus.-Early life:...
, 1775) - Acanthopagrus bifasciatus, Twobar seabream (ForsskålPeter ForsskålPeter Forsskål, sometimes spelled Pehr Forsskål, Peter Forskaol, Petrus Forskål or Pehr Forsskåhl, was a Swedish explorer, orientalist, naturalist and an apostle of Carl Linnaeus.-Early life:...
, 1775) - Acanthopagrus butcheri, Southern black bream (Munro, 1949)
- Acanthopagrus latus, Yellowfin seabream (HouttuynMartinus HouttuynMaarten Houttuyn or Houttuijn , Latinised as Martinus Houttuyn, was a Dutch naturalist.Houttuyn was born in Hoorn, studied medicine in Leiden and moved to Amsterdam in 1753. He published many books on natural history. His areas of interest encompassed Pteridophytes, Bryophytes and Spermatophytes...
, 1782) - Acanthopagrus palmaris, North west black bream (WhitleyGilbert Percy WhitleyGilbert Percy Whitley was a British-born Australian ichthyologist and malacologist who was Curator of Fishes at the Australian Museum in Sydney for about 40 years. He was born at Swaythling, Southampton, England, and was educated at King Edward VI School, Southampton and Osborne House...
, 1935) - Acanthopagrus schlegelii czerskii (BergLev Semenovich BergLev Semyonovich Berg was a leading Soviet geographer and ichthyologist who served as President of the Soviet Geographical Society between 1940 and 1950...
, 1914) - Acanthopagrus schlegelii schlegeliiJapanese black porgyThe Japanese black porgy or sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii, is a fish often farmed for food in Japan. It is one of the most popular fishes for game fishing in Japan....
, Black porgy (BleekerPieter BleekerPieter Bleeker was a Dutch medical doctor and ichthyologist, famous for his work on the fishes of East Asia – Atlas Ichthyologique des Orientales Neerlandaises – which was published 1862–1877....
, 1854) - Acanthopagrus sivicolus, Okinawa seabream (Akazaki, 1962)
- Acanthopagrus taiwanensis (Iwatsuki & Carpenter, 2006)
- Genus Allotaius
- Allotaius spariformis (OgilbyWilliam OgilbyWilliam Ogilby was an Irish barrister and naturalist.Ogilby was honorary secretary of the Zoological Society of London from 1839 to 1846....
, 1910)
- Allotaius spariformis (Ogilby
- Genus Archosargus
- Archosargus pourtalesii, Blackspot porgy (SteindachnerFranz SteindachnerFranz Steindachner was an Austrian zoologist.- Work and career :Being interested in natural history, Steindachner took up the study of fossil fishes on the recommendation of his friend Eduard Suess...
, 1881) - Archosargus probatocephalus, Sheepshead seabream (WalbaumJohann Julius WalbaumJohann Julius Walbaum was a physician, naturalist and taxonomist. He was the first to describe many previously unknown species from remote parts of the globe, such as the Great Barracuda , the Chum salmon from the Kamchatka River in Siberia, and the curimatá-pacú Johann Julius Walbaum (30 June...
, 1792) - Archosargus rhomboidalis, Western Atlantic seabream (LinnaeusCarolus LinnaeusCarl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...
, 1758)
- Archosargus pourtalesii, Blackspot porgy (Steindachner
- Genus Argyrops
- Argyrops bleekeri, Taiwan tai (Oshima, 1927)
- Argyrops filamentosus, Soldierbream (ValenciennesAchille ValenciennesAchille Valenciennes was a French zoologist.Valenciennes was born in Paris, and studied under Georges Cuvier. Valenciennes' study of parasitic worms in humans made an important contribution to the study of parasitology...
, 1830) - Argyrops megalommatus (Klunzinger, 1870)
- Argyrops spiniferArgyrops spiniferKing SoldierBream is also known as Bowen Snapper, Frying-pan snapper, Frypan bream, Long-spinned red bream, Longfin snapper, Longspine seabream and Red bokako. It is a species of fish in the family Sparidae.It is used as seafood and can be found in the Red Sea, Eastern coast of Africa and northern...
, King soldierbream (Forsskål, 1775)
- Genus Argyrozona
- Argyrozona argyrozona, Carpenter seabream (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Genus BoopsBoopsBoops is a genus of ray-finned saltwater fishes. The genus contains two species. Sarpa salpa was once assigned to Boops....
- Boops boopsBoops boopsBoops boops, called the bogue, is a species of seabream native to the eastern Atlantic. Its scientific name, and its common names in many languages, refers to its large eyes. It is found off the coasts of Europe, Africa, the Azores and the Canary Islands, from Norway to Angola, and in the...
, Bogue (Linnaeus, 1758) - Boops lineatus, Striped boga (BoulengerGeorge Albert BoulengerGeorge Albert Boulenger FRS was a Belgian-British zoologist who identified over 2000 new animal species, chiefly fish, reptiles and amphibians.-Life:...
, 1892)
- Boops boops
- Genus Boopsoidea
- Boopsoidea inornata, Fransmadam (CastelnauFrançois Louis de la Porte, comte de CastelnauFrançois Louis Nompar de Caumont LaPorte, comte de Castelnau was a French naturalist, known also as François Laporte or Francis de Castelnau.-Life:Born in London, he studied natural history in Paris...
, 1861)
- Boopsoidea inornata, Fransmadam (Castelnau
- Genus Calamus
- Calamus arctifrons, Grass porgy (Goode & Bean, 1882)
- Calamus bajonado, Jolthead porgy (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)
- Calamus brachysomus, Pacific porgy (Lockington, 1880)
- Calamus calamus, Saucereye porgy (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Calamus campechanus, Campeche porgy (Randall & Caldwell, 1966)
- Calamus cervigoni, Spotfin porgy (Randall & Caldwell, 1966)
- Calamus leucosteus, Whitebone porgy(Jordan & Gilbert, 1885)
- Calamus mu, Flathead porgy (Randall & Caldwell, 1966)
- Calamus nodosus, Knobbed porgy (Randall & Caldwell, 1966)
- Calamus penna, Sheepshead porgy (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Calamus pennatula, Pluma porgy (Guichenot, 1868)
- Calamus proridens, Littlehead porgy (Jordan & Gilbert, 1884)
- Calamus taurinus, Galapagos porgy (Jenyns, 1840)
- Genus Cheimerius
- Cheimerius matsubarai, Hoshierenko (Akazaki, 1962)
- Cheimerius nufar, Santer seabream (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Genus Chrysoblephus
- Chrysoblephus anglicus, Englishman seabream (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)
- Chrysoblephus cristiceps, Daggerhead seabream (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Chrysoblephus gibbicepsChrysoblephus gibbicepsChrysoblephus gibbiceps or Red Stumpnose is a cold water, reef-dwelling species of sea bream, closely related to the Red Roman. It is endemic to the South African south and east coasts, and found from False Bay near Cape Town to Margate on the Natal Southcoast...
, Red stumpnose seabream (Valenciennes, 1830) - Chrysoblephus laticepsChrysoblephus laticepsChrysoblephus laticeps aka Roman Nose Goby or Red Roman or Roman seabream, is a marine demersal fish growing to a maximum length of 500mm and a recorded mass of 4200g. It is a slow-growing species showing late sexual maturity, and is closely related to the Red Stumpnose...
, Roman seabream (Valenciennes, 1830) - Chrysoblephus lophus, False red stumpnose (Fowler, 1925)
- Chrysoblephus puniceus, Slinger seabream (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)
- Genus Crenidens
- Crenidens crenidens, Karenteen seabream (Forsskål, 1775)
- Genus Cymatoceps
- Cymatoceps nasutusCymatoceps nasutusThe Black musselcracker is a species of marine fish of the family of Sparidae. It is the only species of its genus Cymatoceps....
, Poenskop seabream (Castelnau, 1861)
- Cymatoceps nasutus
- Genus Dentex
- Dentex angolensis,Angola dentex (Poll & Maul, 1953)
- Dentex barnardi, Barnard's dentex (Cadenat, 1970)
- Dentex canariensis, Canary dentex (Steindachner, 1881)
- Dentex congoensis, Congo dentex (Poll, 1954)
- Dentex dentex, Common dentex (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Dentex fourmanoiri (Akazaki & Séret, 1999)
- Dentex gibbosus, Pink dentex (Rafinesque, 1810)
- Dentex macrophthalmus, Large-eye dentex (Bloch, 1791)
- Dentex maroccanus, Morocco dentex (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Dentex tumifrons, Yellowback seabream (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
- Genus Diplodus
- Diplodus annularis, Annular seabream (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Diplodus argenteus argenteus, South American silver porgy (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Diplodus argenteus caudimacula, Silver porgy (Poey, 1860)
- Diplodus bellottii, Senegal seabream (Steindachner, 1882)
- Diplodus bermudensis, Bermuda porgy (Caldwell, 1965)
- Diplodus capensis, Cape white seabream (Smith, 1844)
- Diplodus cervinus cervinus, Zebra seabream (Lowe, 1838)
- Diplodus cervinus hottentotus, Zebra (Smith, 1844)
- Diplodus cervinus omanensis, Oman porgy (Bauchot & Bianchi, 1984)
- Diplodus fasciatus, Banded seabream (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Diplodus holbrookii, Spottail pinfish (Bean, 1878)
- Diplodus noct, Red Sea seabream (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Diplodus prayensis, Two-banded seabream (Cadenat, 1964)
- Diplodus puntazzo, Sharpsnout seabream (Cetti, 1777)
- Diplodus sargus ascensionis (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Diplodus sargus cadenati, Moroccan white seabream (de la Paz, Bauchot & Daget, 1974)
- Diplodus sargus helenae, St. Helena white seabream (Sauvage, 1879)
- Diplodus sargus kotschyi, One spot seabream (Steindachner, 1876)
- Diplodus sargus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Diplodus sargus sargus, White seabream (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Diplodus vulgaris, Common two-banded seabream (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1817)
- Genus Evynnis
- Evynnis cardinalis, Threadfin porgy (Lacepède, 1802)
- Evynnis japonica, Crimson seabream (Tanaka, 1931)
- Genus Gymnocrotaphus
- Gymnocrotaphus curvidens, Janbruin (Günther, 1859)
- Genus Lagodon
- Lagodon rhomboidesLagodon rhomboidesThe pinfish, Lagodon rhomboides, is a saltwater fish of the Sparidae family . It inhabits mostly subtropical shallow coastal waters of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United States and Mexico. -Description:...
, Pinfish (Linnaeus, 1766)
- Lagodon rhomboides
- Genus LithognathusLithognathusLithognathus is a genus of fish in the Sparidae family.It contains the following species:* white steenbras...
- Lithognathus aureti, West coast seabream (Smith, 1962)
- Lithognathus lithognathus, White steenbras (Cuvier, 1829)
- Lithognathus mormyrus, Striped seabream (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Lithognathus olivieri, Steenbras (Penrith & Penrith, 1969)
- Genus Oblada
- Oblada melanura, Saddled seabream (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Genus Pachymetopon
- Pachymetopon aeneum, Blue hottentot (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)
- Pachymetopon blochii, Hottentot seabream (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Pachymetopon grande, Bronze seabream (Günther, 1859)
- Genus PagellusPagellusPagellus is a genus of porgies in the family Sparidae....
- Pagellus acarne, Axillary seabream (Risso, 1827)
- Pagellus affinis, Arabian pandora (Boulenger, 1888)
- Pagellus bellottiiPagellus bellottiiPagellus bellottii, the Red pandora, is a species of fish found off the coast of Africa and the Canary Islands, from the western Mediterranean southwards to Angola. A demersal feeder, they can generally be found at depths of 10 m to 50 m. Individuals can reach 42 cm, but average 25 cm...
, Red pandora (Steindachner, 1882) - Pagellus bogaraveo, Blackspot seabream (Brünnich, 1768)
- Pagellus erythrinusPagellus erythrinusPagellus erythrinus, or the common pandora, is a fish of the Sparidae family . It is a popular food fish in Mediterranean countries, with delicate white flesh....
, Common pandora (Linnaeus, 1758) - Pagellus natalensis, Natal pandora (Steindachner, 1903)
- Genus PagrusPagrusPagrus is a genus of fish in the family Sparidae.It contains the following species:*Pagrus africanus, Southern common seabream *Pagrus auratus, Australasian snapper...
- Pagrus africanus, Southern common seabream (Akazaki, 1962)
- Pagrus auratus, Australasian snapper (Forster, 1801)
- Pagrus auriga, Redbanded seabream (Valenciennes, 1843)
- Pagrus caeruleostictus, Bluespotted seabream (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Pagrus major, Red seabream (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843)
- Pagrus pagrus, Common seabream (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Genus Parargyrops
- Parargyrops edita (Tanaka, 1916)
- Genus Petrus
- Petrus rupestrisPetrus rupestrisPetrus rupestris is a species of fish in the family Sparidae and the only known member of the genus Petrus. The common name of this species is Red steenbras. The species numbers have been depleted by overfishing in African waters.-References:...
, Red steenbras (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Petrus rupestris
- Genus Polyamblyodon
- Polyamblyodon germanum, German seabream (Barnard, 1934)
- Polyamblyodon gibbosum, Knife-back seabream (Pellegrin, 1914)
- Genus Polysteganus
- Polysteganus baissaci, Frenchman seabream (Smith, 1978)
- Polysteganus coeruleopunctatus, Blueskin seabream (Klunzinger, 1870)
- Polysteganus mascarenensis Iwatsuki & Heemstra, 2011
- Polysteganus praeorbitalis, Scotsman seabream (Günther, 1859)
- Polysteganus undulosus, Seventy-four seabream (Regan, 1908)
- Genus Porcostoma
- Porcostoma dentata, Dane seabream (Gilchrist & Thompson, 1908)
- Genus Ptreogymnus
- Pterogymnus laniarius, Panga seabream (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Genus Rhabdosargus
- Rhabdosargus globiceps, White stumpnose (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Rhabdosargus haffara, Haffara seabream (Forsskål, 1775)
- Rhabdosargus holubi, Cape stumpnose (Steindachner, 1881)
- Rhabdosargus sarba, Tarwhine (Forsskål, 1775)
- Rhabdosargus thorpei, Bigeye stumpnose (Smith, 1979)
- Genus SarpaSarpaThe term Sarpa may refer to any of the following:* Sarpa salpa—a species of bream * SARPA—a charter airline* sarpa—the Sanskrit term for snake/serpent, from which is derived:** Sarpa Kavu—a Hindu sacred place in South India...
- Sarpa salpaSarpa salpaSarpa salpa, also known as the Salema porgy, is a species of bream, recognisable by the golden stripes that run down the length of its body, and which can cause hallucinations when eaten....
, Salema (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Sarpa salpa
- Genus Sparidentex
- Sparidentex hasta, Sobaity seabream (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Genus Sparodon
- Sparodon durbanensis, Musselcracker seabream (Castelnau, 1861)
- Genus Sparus
- Sparus aurata, Gilthead seabream (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Genus Spondyliosoma
- Spondyliosoma cantharus, Black seabream (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Spondyliosoma emarginatum, Steentje seabream (Valenciennes, 1830)
- Genus Stenotomus
- Stenotomus caprinus, Longspine porgy (Jordan & Gilbert, 1882)
- Stenotomus chrysops, Scup (Linnaeus, 1766)
- Genus Virididentex
- Virididentex acromegalus, Bulldog dentex (Osório, 1911)
Cookery
The most celebrated of the breams in cookery are the gilt-head breamGilt-head bream
The gilt-head bream is a fish of the bream family Sparidae found in the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern coastal regions of the North Atlantic Ocean...
and the common dentex
Common dentex
Common dentex is a species of Sparidae fish.Dentex is common in the Mediterranean Sea, but also seen in the Black Sea and the Eastern Atlantic Ocean from the British Isles to Mauretania, sometimes up to Senegal and Canary Islands...
.